上海市嘉定区2015届高三英语一模试卷及答案(官方版)

2015上海高三一模英语写作解析——有多少爱还在重来？（2）马不停蹄的时间走到了2015年，高三的童鞋们，今年的一模考你们准备好了么？（怎么又是这句话？！上次讲过啦！）上一期我们研究了2015年高三一模宝山区的英语写作题，总结为——利弊分析型~重点就是需要明确观点并且有侧重地对比双方观点~这一期，让我们看看现在的英语考试还在延续重复着哪些老套路！2015 年普陀区一模假设你班班长打算在寒假组织一次班级活动，有三种方案：一、慈善义卖帮助家庭有困难的同学；二、聘请英语专家介绍有效地学习方法；三、组织一次班级新年派对。

作为班级的一员，请你根据你的实际情况，在三项方案中选择其一，提出对该项活动的建议并谈谈理由。

你的写作中必须包括：❖在三项方案中选择其一；❖对该方案提出建议；❖谈谈你提出建议的理由。

今天我们拿这道一模题目开刀了~如果按照分类的话，这类文章叫做——选择理由型~这可以说是在高考里最最最最最常考的类型了（给再多【最】都不为过）。

不信我们就来看看吧：2014闵行一模假如你是启明中学（Ming Qi Middle School）的李明，想申请成为“爱共线”的暑期志愿者。

根据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）。

2005年到2014年十年高考类似题型考了6词，2014年一模考17套试卷考了7次（其中还包含了加入图片类文章的考查形式）~如果愿意深究的话那么这些数据几乎不会有什么太大波动的。

那就是说，近几年选择理由型的文章成了主流考察形式。

由此推测的话2015年上海一模的其他卷子有相当一部分也可能是这种题型。

但是如果没感觉的话我们就来看接下来的一个表格：题型特征：考察目的：二选一（给出内容方向）06年和13年为代表限定内容范围，让学生能够根据题干要求写出大部分内容。

可发挥空间自由度相对限制。

二选一（不给内容方向）08年为代表不限定内容因此自由度更广。

但是学生能否想到比较广的内容面就变成文章成败的关键了。

嘉定区2014-2015学年度第一学期期末质量抽查试卷初三英语（满分150分，完卷时间100分钟）2015.01考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。

试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题卡上完成，做在试卷上不给分。

Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）I. Listening comprehension (听力理解) (共30 分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片) (6 分)B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案)：(8分)7. A) 2. B) 3. C) 4. D) 5.8. A) Basketball. B) Table tennis. C) Football. D) Tennis.9. A) 7：50. B) 8：00. C)8：10. D)8：20.10. A) In Jane’s room. B) On Kitty’s chair.C) On Jane’s chair. D) In Mike’s room.11. A) A waiter and a customer. B) A doctor and a patient.C) A husband and a wife. D) A shop assistant and a customer.12. A) A teacher. B) A dancer. C) A doctor. D) A singer.13. A) Once a week. B) Twice a week. C) Every day. D) Twice a month.14. A) Because she wasn't feeling well.B) Because her son wasn't feeling well.C) Because she has made quite a few typing mistakes.D) Because her son doesn't do well in school.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示) (7分)15. Franco took a trip to San Francisco last winter.16. He took the train there because he really wanted to see the United States.17. The train left for San Francisco at 10:30 a.m. on Monday.18. It took him three days to get to San Francisco by train.19. On Saturday he paid a visit to a museum and enjoyed himself.20. He flew back to New York and saw the desert, mountains, farms, and cities below him.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容。

______________________________________________________________ 跃龙学堂 您身边的中小学生辅导专家 1 青浦区2014学年第一学期期末考试试卷高 三 英 语（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）第Ⅰ卷 (共103分) I. Listening Comprehension （略）（略）（略） II. Grammar and V ocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) During the summer days my mother built her fire in the shadow of our cabin. In the early morning our simple breakfast (25) (spread) upon the grass. The morning meal was our quiet hour. At noon, several (26) chanced to be passing by stopped to rest, and to share our luncheon with us. I loved (27) (well) the evening meal, for that was the time old stories were told. I was always glad when the sun hung low in the west, for then my mother sent me to invite the neighboring old people to eat supper with us. "Yes, yes, gladly, gladly I shall come!" each replied. My mission done, I ran back, (28) (skip) and jumping with delight. At the arrival of our guests I sat close to my mother, and did not leave her side. I ate my supper in quiet, listening patiently to the talk of the old people, wishing all the time that they would begin the stories. At last, when I (29) not wait any longer, I whispered in my mother's ear, "(30) them to tell an Iktomi story, mother." Then my mother said aloud, "My little daughter is anxious to hear your stories." As each in turn began to tell a legend, I pillowed my head in my mother's lap; and lying flat upon my back, I watched (31) stars one by one. The increasing interest of the tale aroused me, and I sat up eagerly listening for every word. The old women made funny remarks, and laughed so heartily (32) I could not help joining them. (B) The 43rd U.S. president George W. Bush stepped back into the spotlight when a library and museum dedicated to him opened to the public on May 1. the George W. Bush Presidential Library and and Museum Museum Museum is is is dedicated dedicated dedicated (33) (33) the the campus campus campus of of of Southern Southern Southern Methodist Methodist Methodist University University University in in Dallas, Texas. The library and museum is plentiful with exhibits on the historical events. “About 3000,000 visitors (34) (expect)”,said the library and museum spokesman. Presidential libraries are not libraries in the traditional sense. People cannot go to the George . W . Bush Bush Bush Presidential Presidential Presidential library library library (35) (35) (check) (check) out out out a a a book. preserve preserve documents documents documents and governing. (36) (36) preserved at a presidential library is available to the public to see and study because presidential libraries are public property (37) (38) conditions, (39) heritage. He also donated a potion of his estate in Hyde PARK, New York, (40) used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. It's the customary bedtime practice every parent would feel fearful----being asked to read the same book for many times. But while the 41 repetition might be boring for mum or dad, it such as The Very Hungry Caterpillar or The Gruffalo will 42 recognize and and 43 read three 44 appeared the same 45 over and over had 46 learned 3.6 of the new words. While those 47 those in the ‘ 48 ’ group.e showing that less is more, to a point. And, 49 , the more times Speaking of the 50 A. number B. recall C. constant D. addition E. achieve F. different G . exposed H. obviously I. precious J. variety K. typically Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. been a move this fast in education,”education,” said Elliot Soloway, a professor of education and computersci said Elliot Soloway, a professor of education and computersci______________________________________________________________跃龙学堂 您身边的中小学生辅导专家 4 ____65___, Mr. Pearce said.“I can’t can’t take my kid take my kid playing one more hour of video games, but if the children are exploring coding, I tell him I can live with that all night long.”51. A. temptation B. movement C. motion D. proposition 52. A. introduced B. appealed C. recognized D. calculated 53. A. In addition B. However C. Therefore D. Thus 54. A. rewards B. prizes C. credits D. funds 55. A. costly B. critical C. insecure D. hot 56. A. result from B. work out C. pick up D. lead to 57. A. before B. while C. when D. after 58. A. virtually B. extensively C. potentially D. annoyingly 59. A. warnings B. responsibility C. admission D. compliments 60. A. superior B. inferior C. fiercer D. broader 61. A. collected B. developed C. mentioned D. sacrificed 62. A. declare B. cover C. call D. deepen 63. A. forbid B. resist C. urge D. direct 64. A. sensible B. reliable C. significant D. common 65. A. efficient B. measurable C. productive D. stable Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) POETRY BY HEART By Andrew Motion (Viking £16.99) For three years, a terrific national competition has encouraged pupils aged 14 to 18 to learn and recite poetry — and this fat collection is the pool of 200 poems from which they have to make their choice. This anthology makes a fine present for anyone interested in poetry, ranging from the earliest English poem through every century to current poetry with many themes and from different ethnic backgrounds. Some of the choices seem odd to me — but that’s part of the fun, as you wonder why. The notes make the book really useful. Every home should have a copy. ______________________________________________________________跃龙学堂 您身边的中小学生辅导专家 5POEMS THAT MAKE GROWN MEN CRYEdited by Anthony and Ben Holden (Simon & Schuster £16.99) This is a fascinating, wide-ranging selection of poems chosen by 100 well-known men — simply because they find them deeply moving. But grown men aren’t supposed to cry, are they? Some of the poems are about loss, as you’d expect, but others are about deeply held political passions or intense observations of nature. Each is introduced by the chooser, usually with frank personal detail. BLACK COUNTRY by Liz Berry (Chatto £10) This is a writer I’m thrilled to discover — someone who takes a pride in the Midlands, where she lives. Berry uses some of the dialect words she heard as a child, turning ordinariness into something direct, tender and beautiful.The disagreeable Brummie accent becomes music in the hands of this fine young poet.LEARNING TO MAKE AN OUD IN NAZARETH by Ruth Padel (Chatto £10) Padel is one of our most talented writers. Poet, naturalist, musician and travel writer, she turns her multi-layered poetic attention to the Middle East, seeking peace and harmony through sensitive and moving poems that offer hope even as they reflect upon struggle. Her prolific and passionate creativity is proof that ‘making is our defence against the dark’.66. Of the four books mentioned above, who are the creators of the poems? A. Andrew Motion and Liz Berry C. Anthony and Ben Holden Ramo is a professor of law at Golden Gate University. “There is a real drive to make money, to have employment. When there’s a real job that’s available and a theoretical risk of awin out, business wins out.”71. What can we infer from the scientists’ finding twenty years ago?A. Chromium VI surroundings help surgeons have more casual life. B. More skillful and capable doctors were needed. generally involve leaning over computer keyboard. The The device device device contains plus a monitor to shake. It connects to an iOS app via Bluetooth so that wearers can see their bad A. An accompanying app. B. A necklace C. Computer keyboard. D. A remote control 75. Besides allowiong people to set goals, the iOS app also_____. Meanwhile , a report earlier this year from NHS England found that all patients are 12 percent more likely to die if admitted to hospital at the weekend ------this was because fewer senior staff were available and there was a lack of access to key physical examination tests, such as scans. which food passes from the mouth to the stomach, say Steven Mann, a gastroenterologist at the Royal Free London Trust. Acid reflux can also become a problem at the weekend you cannot bear because of less regular Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 参考答案及评分标准78.. because there is a lack of access to key physical examination tests. 79. a change in one’s 80. a chemical messenger 3. As As many many many students students students as as as possible possible possible are are are expected expected expected to to to participate participate participate in in in the the the theme theme theme activities activities activities of of “personal career planning”. 4. If If too too too much much much pressure pressure pressure has has has influenced influenced influenced your your your sleep, sleep, sleep, you you you had had had better better better consult consult consult the the the psychology psychology II. Guided Writing （共25分）档次档次 内容内容 语言语言 组织结构组织结构 A 9-10 9-10 5-4 B 7-8 7-8 3 C 5-6 5-6 2 D 3-4 3-4 1 E 0-2 0-2 0 评分标准：评分标准：1. 本题总分为25青浦校区一、Grammar and Vocabulary 分析 题号 考查内容 易错点（难点） 解题思路与技巧分值 25 动词时态语态 语态根据句意理解 1 26定语从句Several 作为先行词名词后的一个句子为定语从句修饰1 27 形容词的比较级和最高级 最高级在三餐中比较，为最高级 1 28 现在分词 双写 伴随状语1 29情态动词过去式主语和not 之间为情态动词1 30 动词的语态及时态 祈使句暗含主语 祈使句1 31 冠词 无 名词前应该用冠词 1 32 状语从句 固定搭配 so…that… 1 33介词固定搭配On/in the campus 1 34 动词的语态及时态被动作谓语1 35 不定式无目的状语1 1 36 主语从句What还是whatever 根据句意文中是anything 1 37 现在分词句子结构分析Belong是表示属于，为主动38 代词句意理解His second term 1 39 连词易错为定语从句谓语的并列1 1 40 定语从句非限制定语从句句型结构为从句再要考虑句意理解第41题，名词前缺少一个形容词，根据句意“尽管不断重复念同一本书可能让妈妈或爸爸感觉头脑麻木，但这是幼童学习新词汇的最佳方法。

上海市度嘉定区2024学年高三下学期一诊模拟考试英语试题注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．He would be in better health now _______ with too much work when young.A．had he not burdened himself B．if he was not burdenedC．were he not burdened D．had he not been burdened himself2．—What did you say you were reluctant to risk just now?—_________ to high levels of radiation.A．Being exposed B．Having been exposedC．To be exposed D．Exposed3．The teacher’s voice still remained calm ______ she was getting annoyed.A．as long as B．even ifC．as if D．now that4．Sarah ______ change her mind, even though she knew the plan was hard to carry out.A．mustn’t B．wouldn’tC．shouldn’t D．needn’t5．She was such a proud person that she would die she would admit she was wrong.A．since B．whenC．unless D．before6．Yumin, the late famous physicist, often encouraged his students to _____ what they believed in, even when facing strong opposition.A．come up with B．take charge ofC．put up with D．stand up for7．Every man has his faults. We should, therefore, lean to be ________ of others.A．ignorant B．responsibleC．reliable D．tolerant8．I' ve heard that preparations______for the coming festival. Let's give them a hand.A．are being made B．have been madeC．are making D．have made9．—Look! Mary is crazily looking for something again!—_____ , she can’t find her keys.A．Typically B．Occasionally C．Accordingly D．Particularly10．Although everything seems to have been taken into consideration, ________ accident can happen when the astronauts walk in ________ space.A．/; the B．an; the C．the; the D．an; /11．—How long do you think it will be________the Stock Market returns to normal?—At least one year, I guess.A．when B．before C．until D．that12．People from all walks of life are eager for success, _______ lack of confidence, however, is a great barrier. A．where B．whichC．to which D．beyond which13．Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ______ a good researcher.A．make B．turnC．get D．grow14．--- Do you know what Tom does all day ?---- I know he spends at least as much time watching TV as he ____________his lessons.A．is doing B．does C．spends to do D．does doing15．_______ the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.A．In reply to B．In addition toC．In charge of D．In place of16．________ the danger of drunk driving, many drivers promised never to drive after drinking. A．Realizing B．To have realizedC．Realized D．Having realized17．Everybody was touched ______ words after they heard her moving story.A．without B．beyondC．against D．despite18．—What about your self-drive trip yesterday?—Tiring! The road was being widened, and we ________ a rough ride.A．had B．haveC．would have D．have had19．—______ you sing and dance at this late hour of the night?—Sorry, I will stop right now.A．May B．ShallC．Will D．Must20．At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United States of America. A．was to become B．becomesC．is to become D．became第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

长宁区2015年高三英语教学质量抽测试卷第I卷（103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At the bus station. B. At the airport.C. At the post office.D. At the bank.2. A. Librarian and reader. B. Teacher and student.C. Boss and secretary.D. Shop-assistant and customer.3. A. It is quite interesting. B. It's time-consuming.C. It isn't worth seeing.D. It is very expensive.4. A. To complain about her heater. B. To go over for the heater.C. To get some electric power.D. To have her heater repaired.5. A. To postpone his schedule. B. To book in another hotel.C. To stay in the spare room.D. To reserve a room in advance.6. A. Accident victims. B. Rescue work.C. Plane crashes.D. Crash survivors.7. A. He has some trouble with his computer. B. He isn't getting along well with the staff.C. He hasn't registered for a proper course.D. He can't apply the theory to his program.8. A. She went out of the way to meet the man. B. She was pleased to talk with the man.C. She took the man where he wanted to go.D. She missed the chance to help the man.9. A. Smith will keep the surprise party a secret. B. Lucy hasn't got any promise from Smith.C. They shouldn't have told Lucy about the party.D. There's no secret between Smith and Lucy.10. A. V olunteers have to connect the community.B. The man has no time to do voluntary work.C. V oluntary work requires devotion of time.D. Many people have signed up for voluntary work.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three question on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Nick lost the book Ivan borrowed from the library.B. The book Ivan borrowed from Nick was missing.C. Nick and Ivan had conflicts in Ms. Salmon's class.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)We had to climb right up the hill , which is very steep, and ,when close under it , it seemed to be high, but we soon reached the top . When we were there, we had lost sight of the lake; and now our road was over a wild land.____25_____(go) a little way, we saw before us , at the distance of about half a mile, a very large stone building, with a high wall round it , neither field nor tree near.The wild land was overgrown with grey grass that cattle might feed upon. We could not tell ___26_____ this building was. It appeared ___27____ _______ it had been built strong to defend from storms; but for what purpose? William called out to us that we should observe that place well, for it was exactly like one of the shelters of the Alps(阿尔卑斯山), ___28____(build) for the reception of travelers, and indeed I had thought it ____29_____ be so. This building, from its singular structure and appearance, made the place , which is itself in a country ____30_____ Scotland, remarkable.When we ___31____(pass) it and looked back, three pyramidal mountains on the opposite side of Lock Lomond ended the view, ____32_____ in certain kind of weather might be very grand. Our highland companion had not got enough English to give us any information concerning this srange building . What we could only get from her was that it was a "large house", which was plain enough.(B)All plants need water to grow. Watering plants seems like a simple task but it actually requires many considerations. For example , plants growing in areas with low rainfall or areas ____33___(expose) to dry wind require more water. On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require ___34_____(frequent) watering . The watering of plants should not be viewed as a minor process in gardening ___35______ this task plays an extremely important role in ensuring healthy plantgrowth.Let's first take a closer look at plants growing in gardens. Since watering is a critical gardening task, ____36___ accessible water supply is vital. A garden tap with a hose of sufficient length to reach the furthest part of the garden ____37_____(prefer). This tends to make watering much easier and ensures adequate water is provided for the plants. Most inexperienced gardeners water little ____38____very frequently. This is undesirable as it encourages shallow root growth. In addition, watering in full sun causes leaves to lose water quickly from the surface of the soil. Therefore, some experts recommend ____39______(install) an automatic watering system.As for plants growing in pots or containers, they tend to lose water rapidly. One way to reduce such a risk is ____40_____(group) the plants close together to keep moisture. Try to move them to a shady place if you are away from home for a few days. Otherwise, you will return home to see your plants dead.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can beIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II, an American economic analyst declared, "Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into habits, that we seek our __51___ satisfaction, our self-satisfaction in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced at an ever ___52___ rate." Americans have __53____ to the call, and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even deeply rooted in social ___54__. Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economies, Japan and the United States, show consumerist definitions of success becoming very popular.Over consumption by the fortunate in the world is an environmental problem ___55___ in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their increasing exploitation of resources __56___ to exhaust or unalterably spoils forests, soils, water, air and climate.Ironically (有讽刺意味的), high consumption may be a __57___ blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been ___58___ in the rush to riches.Thus, many people in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow. With the __59____ of a consumerist culture, they also think that they have been ___60__ attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.___61___, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no ___62___ to either environmental or human problems. It is much worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Peasants who have nothing left cut-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民) turn their animals out onto African grassland, reducing it to ___63____.If environmental ___64___ results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more ___65___ to add noticeably to human satisfaction?51. A. natural B. spiritual C. cultural D. actual52. A. promising B. promoting C. falling D. increasing53. A. proved B. returned C. responded D. persevered54. A. values B. moralities C. identities D. problems55. A. qualified B. unmatched C. compared D. unprocessed56. A. happens B. manages C. starts D. threatens57. A. mixed B. detected C. counted D. terrified58. A. promoted B. sacrificed C. satisfied D. relieved59. A. improving B. neglecting C. sponsoring D. misleading60. A. fruitlessly B. successfully C. occasionally D. eagerly61. A. As a result B. For instance C. Of course D. From then on62. A. solution B. pollution C. consideration D. contribution63. A. attraction B. rubbish C. homeland D. desert64. A. construction B. destruction C. development D. improvement65. A. remain B. occur C. cease D. happenSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to relatives and neighbors, and substituted in their place loosel relationships with passing acquaintances(相识之人). However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity(多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan(见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.66. According to the paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society __________ .A) tended to acqaint themselves with people passing byB) could not develop very close relationships wth othersC) bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relativesD) usually had more friends than small-town residents67. One of the consequences of urbanism is that the city residents __________ .A. suffer fron the lack of friendshipB. lower the quality of relationshipsC. show little concern for other peopleD. become suspicious of each other68.We can learn from the passage that the bigger a community is,__________A) the more open-minded people are B. the more similar its interests isC) the more likely it it to display stress D) the better its quality of life is69. What is the passage mainly about?A. Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small townsB. Minor differences in the interpersonal relations between cities and townsC The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society.D The strong feeling of alienation that city inhabitants are suffering.(B)TRAIN TRA VEL INFORMATIONWe offer several distinct options for you to choose the ticket that suits you best.Only one discount may apply to each fare.CHANGES AND REFUNDSTickets may be refunded not later 5 minutes before the departure of the train for a charge of 15% of the ticket price, or the journey may be changed to another day for a charge of 10% of the ticket price. (Not applicable to same day returns.)CHANGES FOR SAME DAY TRA VELYou may change your ticket once without charge for a journey on the same day as the original ticket.INFORMA TION OF INTEREST TO TRA VELLERSWhen you buy your ticket, it is up to you to check that the dates and time of the journey on it are exactly as you requested.Tickets control and access to each train platform will be open until 2 minutes before departure of the train.Each traveler may take one suitcase and one item of hand luggage. You may also check in 15kgs of luggage not later than 30 minutes before departure, at no extra charge.If you would like to charter a train, or make reservations for over 25 passengers traveling together, call the Sales Department.OUR TIMETABLE IS GUARANTEEDIf the arrival of your train at you destination is delayed by more than 5 minutes according to the timetable, we will refund the full price of your ticket if the delay is caused by our company.70.How much will a passenger pay if he wants to alter his ticket to three days later?A.25% of the original priceB.20% of the original priceC.15% of the original priceD.10% of the original price71.The limit of luggage for a single passenger is .A.One suitcase, one handbag and one 15kgs check-in luggageB.One handbag, two pieces of 15kgs check-in luggage.C.One handbag and two pieces of 15kgs check-in luggage.D.One suitcase, one handbag and one 30kgs check-in luggage.72.What does the Train Company guarantee?A.Students,children,senior citizens and groups can get 25% discount of the original price.B.Passengers get the full price of the tickets back if the train if delayed over five minutes.C.Same-day-returns can be fully refunded if they are canceled two minutes before departure.D.People with Globe-trotter tickets can take any kind of the discounts listed in the brochure.(C)How do predators (猎食动物) affect populations of the prey (猎物) animals? The answer is not as simple as might be thought. The Moose(麋鹿) reached Isle Royale in Lake Superior by crossing over winter ice and bred freely there in isolation without predators. When wolves later reached the island, naturalists widely assumed that the wolves would play a key role in controlling the moose population. Careful studies have demonstrated, however, that this is not the case. The wolves eat mostly old or diseased animals that would not survive long anyway. In general, the moose population is controlled by food availability, disease and other factors rather than by wolves.When experimental populations are set up under simple laboratory conditions, the predator often wipes out its prey and then becomes extinct itself. However, if safe areas like those prey animals have in the wild are provided, the prey population drops to low level but not extinction. Low prey population levels then provide inadequate food for the predators, causing the predator population to decrease. When this occurs, the prey population can rebound. In this situation the predator and prey population may continue in this cyclical pattern for some time.Population cycles are characteristic of small mammals, and they sometimes appear to be brought about by predators. Ecologists studying hare populations have found that the North American snowshoe hare follows a roughly ten-year cycle. Its numbers fall tenfold to thirty in a typical cycle, and a hundredfold change can occur. Two factors appear to be generating the cycle: food plants and predators.The preferred foods of snowshoe hares are tender willow branches. As the hare population increases, the quantity of these branches decreases, forcing the hares to feed on low-quality high-fiber food. Lower birth rates and low growth rates follow, so there is a corresponding decline in hare abundance. Once the hare population has declined, it takes two to three year for the quantity of branches to recover.A key predator of the snowshoe hare is the Canada lynx. The Canada lynx shows a ten-year cycle of abundance(大量) that parallels the abundance cycle of hares. As hare numbers fall, so do lynx numbers, as their food supply decreased.Predators are an essential factor in maintaining communities that are rich and diverse in species. Without predators, the species that is the best competitor for food, shelter, and otherenvironmental resources tends to dominate and exclude the species with which it competes. This phenomenon is known as “competitor exclusion”. However, if the community contains a predator of the strongest competitor species, then the population of that competitor is controlled. Thus even the less competitive species are able to survive. From the stand point of diversity(多样性), it is usually a mistake to eliminate a major predator from a community.73.The author uses the example of the moose and wolves on Isle Royale to _________________.A. provide evidence that predators influence prey populationsB. question the belief in the effect of predators on prey populationsC. demonstrate predator population grows faster than that of the preyD. prove that studies of isolated populations tend to be useful74.The word “rebound” in the passage is closest in meaning to _____________.A. ReactB. ResistC. RemainD. Recover75.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Laboratory results can’t explain the changes in predator and prey populations of the wild.B. The growth of hare population may lead to a corresponding increase in its birth rates.C. The experimental environments can promote the growth of predator and prey populations.D. The existence of a major predator in a community is a threat to the diversity of species.76.What can we conclude from the passage about the cycle of the Canada lynx?A. When hare numbers decrease, lynx numbers increase.B. It has a great effect on the number of snowshoe hare.C. It closely follows the cycle of the snowshoe hare.D. It is not directly related to the availability of lynx food.77.What is the best title of this passage?A. What role predators play in keeping competitor species.B. Whether predators have an impact on prey populations.C. A study of the populations of the predator and prey animals.D. Contributing factors of the changes in animal populations.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The herds of bulls and horses depicted running along the walls of the Lascaux caves in France are among the most magnificent examples of prehistoric art ever discovered.Courage is a quality we cherish. Y et only lately has it been studied systematically to try to define what it is and is not, where it comes from and why we love it so much. "Courage helps to define the excellent person," write George Kateb, a political theorist at Princeton University. "One of the worst criticism in the world is to be called a coward, a quite timid person."For many people, courage is most readily displayed in battle; for example, the brave soldierrunning into the line of fire to rescue the injured.Y et George Kateb says that if courage finds its highest expression in war, then the trait (特性) becomes immoral, ennobling killing by insisting that only in battle can people discover the depths of their nobility. Thus, it makes killing a noble thing.Stanley J Rachman of the University of British Columbia studies paratroopers (伞兵) preparing for their first jump. The work revealed three different groups: the fearless who jumped without hesitation; the timid whose fear kept them from jumping; and finally, the ones who reacted physiologically like the timid but acted like the fearless leaper, and jumped.Rachman considered the final group courageous, defining courage as "a behavioral approach in spite of the experience of fear". Thus, courage becomes the property of anyone who does something that he or she fears.In interviewing 320 children aged from 8 to 13, Peter Muris of Erasmus University, Rotterdam, of the Netherlands and his colleagues found that children also consider courage as the conquering of one's fears; and more than 70% claimed they had performed brave acts, including stealing money from one's mother's purse.Joel Berger, a biologist with the Wildlife Conservation Society in Montana, US, also distinguishes between animals that behave bravely due to a lack of awareness and experience, and those that are aware of a danger but proceed anyway.He recalled the time he and his colleagues had cornered a young bison (野牛) to take blood samples. At that time, an adult male bison was standing guard, refusing to let the scientists approach. "He knew that he could be attacked by us," said Berger. "I'd call this a courageous, even heroic act."78.What does George Kateb think of courage?79.Why did Rachman think that the third group were courageous?80.Peter Muris found that most children demonstrated their courage _______________________ .81.The writer uses the example of an adult bison to _______________________ .(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS)II卷（共47分）I．Translation(22分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 人们越来越依赖互联网。

金山区2014-2015学年第一学期期末试卷英语I、听力（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )Most of time black and white appears as opposites. White means light and purity. Black isdarkness and evil. But not always. Sometimes the words are used differently.White hats and black hats represent the traditional meaning of the words. The hats are the symbolsof the “good guys” and the “bad guys” in American western movies. Now the tradition of white hats and black hats is no longer a part of movie making. ____25____you still hear the expressionwhen people talk about good guys and bad guys.A black sheep is a person ___26_____ does things that are not accepted, the violate tradition. Ablack sheep is rejected____27____ he brings shame to his group. A family may have a memberwho ___28_____(think)of as a black sheep, a person who is not welcome at family gatherings.Black ___29_____ (use) in some expressions is described as good things. Being “in the black” for example is a good situation for anyone. It is a business expression that means a company isearning money. When someone says his business is “in the red”, he means it is losing money. White usually means something good. A “white color” job, for example, is the kind of job many people seek. It is a job where you work at a desk, using your brain __30___ ______your muscles Sometimes white is used in an expression that is not good. Whitewash issuch____31_____expression. At first whitewash meant to paint over something with a white paintto make____32_____look better. But now “whitewash” has a different meaning: to hide or coverup mistakes or failures.( B )I was 9 years old when I found out my father was ill. It was 1994, but I can remember___33_____my mother told me as if it were yesterday: "Kernel, I don't want you to take food fromyour father, because he has AIDS. Be very careful when you are around him."AIDS wasn't something we talked about in my country when I _____34____ (grow) up.From then on, I knew that this would be a family secret. My parents were not together anymore,and my dad lived alone. For a while, he could take care of himself. But when I was 12, hiscondition got ___35____.(bad) My father's other children lived far away, so it fell to me to tookafter him.We ___36_____ not afford all the necessary medicine for him, and because Dad wasunable to work, I had no money for school supplies and often couldn't even buy food for dinner. Iwould sit in class ___37_____ (feel) completely lost, the teacher's words muffled as I tried tofigure out how I was going to manage.I did not share my burden with anyone. I had seen people reacted to AIDS. Kids laughed atclassmates who had parents with the disease. And even adults could be cruel. When my father wasmoved to the hospital, the nurses would leave his food on the bedside __38____ ________ he wastoo weak to feed himself.I had known that he was going to die, but after so many years of keeping his condition a secret, I was completely unprepared____39_____he reached his final days. Sad and hopeless, I called a womanat the nonprofit National AIDS Support. That day, she kept me on the phone for hours. I was so lucky ____40___(find) someone who cared. She saved my life.I was 15 when my father died. He took his secret away with him, having never spoken about AIDS to anyone, even me. He didn't want to call attention to AIDS. I do.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. workloadB. describeC. pressureD. sayE. gapF. engagedG. well-rounded H. increasingly I. temporarily J. stuff K. headingInstead of enjoying the final days of summer by hanging out at the pool or the mall, many students ate reading and writing ——cramming (填鸭式) to complete assignments before ____41_____ back to school. Summer homework has _____42_____ become a popular tool usedby teachers to bridge the _____43_____ between the end of one school year and the start of another. But some parents worry that the _____44_____ is making summer fun slip away. “I don’t know what good this really does,”said Sheryl, a parent of twin 13-year old girls. “Life isn’t always about a test. I think it’s important for children to be children, to be ____45____.” Sheryl said her daughters spent weeks in summer camps and away on vacation before they had a chance to start their summer assignments. “Basically I have the summer reading hanging over my head when I’d like to do other ____46 ,” said her daughter. She said she enjoyed reading “The Color of Water”by James McBride, but the assignments that go with it ——choosing five passage to ____47 and analyze ——seem redundant(多余的). Some education experts ____48 the “lazy, hazy, crazy”days of summer are over as schools feel increased ____49_____ on accountability for student achievement under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. “It’s really going to focus attention on this period of time when kids aren’t _____50_____ ,”said Ron Fairchild, executive director of the Center for Summer Learning at Johns Hopkins University. But parents from Prince George’s County to Salt Lake City are lately fighting back, questioning the usefulness and of teachers piling on summer reading and math problem.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that vest fits the context.Brief History of the World’s FairWorld’s Fairs originated in the French tradition of national exhibitions, a tradition that ended with the French Industrial Exposition of 1844 held in Pairs. It was soon followed by other national_____51_____, in continental Europe, and finally came to London _____52_____ the first real international exhibition was held. Since their start in 1851, the _____53_____ of world expositions has developed gradually. Three eras can be distinguished: the era of industrialization, the era of cultural exchange, and the era of nation branding.Industrialization (1851-1938)The first era could be called the era of industrialization and covered the period from 1851to 1938. In these days, world expositions were _____54_____ focused on trade and famous for the display of technological inventions and advancements. World expositions were the _____55_____, where the state of the art in science and technology from around the world was brought together. Inventions such as the telephone were first presented during this era. An important part of the _____56______ of World’s Fairs stems from this first era._____57_____exchange (1939-1991)The 1939 New York World’s Fair and the 1949 Stockholm World’s Fair were different from the original focus of the expositions. From then on, World’s Fairs became more strongly based on a ____58____ theme of cultural significance, and began to address issues of humankind. Technology and inventions remained ____59____, but no longer as the principal subjects of the Fair. Cross-cultural dialogue and the exchange of solutions became ____60____ elements of the expos. It was also during this time, specifically in the 1960s, that BIE organizers started calling World’s Fair “Expos”.Nation branding (1992-present)From Expo’88 in Brisbane onwards, countries started to use World Expositions more widely and more strongly as a platform to improve their national images through their pavilions. Finland, Japan, Canada, France and Spain are cases in point. A large study by Tjaco Walvis called “Expo 2000 Hanover in Numbers” showed that improving national images was the primary participation goal for 73% of the countries at Expo 2000. In a world where a strong national image is a keyasset(财产), pavilions became advertising ____61 , and the Expo a channel for nation branding. ____62____, cultural and symbolic reasons, organizing countries (and the cities and regions hosting them) also use the world exposition to brand themselves.Future expositions2017will see a recognized exposition Bidding may begin as early as 2012 for this smaller-sized exposition. Already, Edmonton, Alberta and Canada have ____63____, to go on with the second stage of putting together a bid for Edmonton EXPO 2017. 2020 will ____64____ a registered category of exposition. Bidding may begin as early as 2011 for this larger sized exposition. There are citizen _____65_____ in American cities with the intention of bringing a World’s Fair back to the United States.51. A. organizations B. shows C. exhibitions D. customs52. A. which B. when C. how D. where53. A. character B. name C. aim D. goal54. A. honestly B. strangely C. especially D. hardly55. A. place B. platform C. area D. hall56. A. representation B. image C. illustration D. outlook57. A. Industrial B. Historical C. Cultural D. Original58. A. special B. specific C. strategic D. simple59. A. important B. equal C. alternative D. unchangeable60. A. honorable B. communicative C. considerable D. defining61. A. purposes B. A. images C. campaigns D. designs62. A. As long as B. As well as C. As far as D. As soon as63. A. moved B. begun C. put D. voted64. A. see B. bid C. mark D. establish65. A. complaints B. efforts C. energies D. achievementsSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several question or unfinished statements. For each of them there ate four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)What is the meaning of “madness”? In the US every March, it’s 64 men’s college basketball teams playing 63 games in less than a month. But it’s not just the tournament that’s a little crazy ——people all over the country also go mad trying to predict the winner.Even billionaire investor Warren Buffet seems to be going crazy. In late January, Buffet announced that he’ll give ＄1 billion (6.1billion yuan) to anyone in the US who can correctly predict the winners of all 63 games this year, Reuters reported.Each year, in the week before the first round begins, people usually print and fill out March Madness brackets. A brackets is a kind of diagram that lists all the teams that play each other inthe first round, leaving blank spots tor all of the rounds after that. In offices and classrooms allover the US, people compete to fill out the most accurate bracket. Some people compete for prizes, like money or expensive gifts, while others do it for personal glory.According to the Wall Street Journal, the sports media company ESPN has held a national bracket contest every March for the last 16 years. And in all that time, not a single person has ever correctly predicted all 63 game results.So, will anyone win Buffet’s billion? While it’s unlikely, the person with the best shot is probably Craig Gilmore, a business analyst in Virginia, US. Last year, Gilmore beat over 8 million others in ESPN’s contest, correctly predicting 50 out of the 63 games, including that No 1-ranked Louisville would beat No 4-ranked Michigan for the championship. Gilmore has said that he filledoveranalyze out that bracket pretty quickly——after first drinking four glasses of beer. “I didn’tit,” he told ESPN, “I just kind of went with my gut.”That’ funny——he doesn’t sound mad at all, does he?66. Why does the author mention Warren Buffet in the article?A. To show the excitement and popularity of predicting the winner of the tournament.B. To show how people have tried to make money from other’s madness.C. To invite readers to predict the winner of March Madness.D. To introduce the bracket contest ESPN holds each year.67. Which of the following statements is true according to the article?A. March Madness has been held in the US for the last 16 years.B. Lots of people competed in the bracket contest held by ESPN in March 2014.C. Caig Gillmore is very likely to ＄1 billion award offered by Warren Buffet.D. Most Americans follow March madness because they want to win all kinds of money andprizes.68. The underlined word “gut” in the second-last paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.A. luckB. calculationC. instinctD. statistics69. Which best describes the write r’s tone in the article?A. Optimistic.B. HumorousC. Critical.D. Doubtful.(B)You have in hands the next generation of ez-link cards that match the new Singapore Standard for Contactless ePurse Applications (CEPAS) that can be used for LTA’s new c-payment system for public transport.NEW ez-link card◆NO TRA VEL DEPOSIT. Balance reflected·at all devices is the actual stored value in the newcard.◆CAN BE USED IN THE NEXT GENETA TION IN-VEHICLE UNIT. For Electronic RoadPricing (ERP) and payments in carparks with upgraded Electronic Parking Systems(EPS).◆$500.00. Maximum stored value.WHERE YOU CAN USE YOUR NEW ez-link cardsMERCHANT NAME AND/OR TYPE AVAILABILITY◆All public buses, MRT and LRT trains run by both SBST &ImmediatelySMRT◆School canteens, printing services, F&B outlets, Private buses 2nd Quarter 2015◆7-Eleven convenience stores, ERP, EPS, SMRT Taxis, NLB3rd Quarter 2015 library branches and McDonald’s Restaurants, school bookstores◆Coca-cola vending machines, Singapore Pools and Hospitals 4th Quarter 2015USE OF NEW ez-link CARD IN TRANSITBUS◆To travel on the bus, you need to have the minimum stored value to cover the cost of travel from the point you get on, to the last stop on that service.◆If you are unsure of the minimum amount required, we recommend that you have atleast ＄3 in your card for basic bus services.◆When the card reader flashes green, it is a reminder that you have less than ＄5 inyour card.◆When the card reader flashes red, you have insufficient value to travel. Please pay cashfor your journey.MRT◆With the new ez-link card, you will need at least ＄3 in your card fore you can start your journey on the MRT/LRT.◆This value ensures that you have the required fare when you exit the gate, even for thelongest train journey.70. The new ez-link card can NOT be used ______________.A. for LTA’s new e-payment system for public transportB. for Electronic Road Pricing(ERP).C. in carparks with upgraded Electronic Parking Systems(EPS)D. to store value more than five hundred dollars.71. According to WHERE YOU CANUSE YOUR NEW ez-link cards, people can use the newez-link cards______________.A. on public buses, MAT and LRT at once.B. to pay for meals in school canteens in January,2015.C. to buy books in any school bookstore after July,2015.D. in Singapore Pools and Hospitals all year round.72. When transiting between BUS and MRT, ___________.A. the green flash reminds you that there is only $5 in your card.B. the card reader flashes green to tell you to pay your fare by cash.C. you’ll pay at most $3 for the longest train journey on the MA T/LRT.D. you should store at least $5 in your card for basic BUS or MRT services.73. What’s the main purpose of the poster?A. To show people how to buy a new ez-link card.B. To tell people what’s new about the new ez-link cards.C. To list the places where the new new ez-link cards can be used.D. To introduce the financial function of the new ez-link cards.( C )How does someone step up to a cash machine and withdraw money from an account holder half world away? Even when the debit card is still in the victim’s wallet? It is easy, actually, say experts. The recipe for creating fake cards is right there on the Internet.It is often called “white card”fraud. Criminals somehow get their hands on the electronic information stored on a legitimate card’s magnetic stripe. Generally, it’s stolen from a retailer or payment processor’s database, as happened when thieves last year broke into computers at CardSystems Solution Inc. Luckily for the criminals, Cardsystems didn’t store just account numbers-it even stored customer’s secret codes that were never meant to be copied on magnetic stripes. Stolen “ mag stripe” data is the holy grail for card thieve. Then they take the stolen data and write it onto a new, blank card-a card that’s often plain white and they are off to the bank.To show me how easy it was, two executives from MagTek Inc, one of the largest markers of credit card stripe gave a demonstration. Within minutes , I was withdrawing money from my account using a plain white piece of plastic at an A TM. And the key is to get an encoder.Andy and Paul Deignan are brothers who both word for MagTek. Both came by to show me how easily thieves can manufacture scores of fake codes. MagTek sells both card readers, whichare seen in stores across America, and card encoders, which very few people should ever see. Encoders actually write information onto that mysterious piece of magnetic tape on the back of the card. Banks use them to create credit cards. Readers cost about $100. Encoders cost between $1500 and $2000 except on eBay, where stolen encoders can sell for as little as $500. Armed with one, someone can create and debit cards that work exactly like the cards produces by financial institutions.For demonstration purposes, the Deignan brothers took my debit card, dropped it in an encoder, copied the data from the back, and handed the card back to me. Then they took a piece of white plastic, a second card, instead that into the encoder, and essentially pasted my ATM information onto the second card. The process took less than 15 seconds.The walk to the nearest cash machine took longer. Within a minute, I had taken a white pieceof plastic and withdrawn $100 from my own checking account. Obviously, with slightly differentdata and a PIN number, I could have taken the money from someone else’s account. With a database of stolen information, I could have withdrawn money from hundreds of accounts.74. What does “ white card” fraud refer to?A. A person who sells fake credit card to retailers or payment processors.B. Thieves withdraw money from a cash machine with a plain card and stolen data.C. People buy stolen or salvaged encoders from the Internet.D. People can create credit and debit cards to cheat financial institutions.75. What is an encoder used for according to the passage?A. Identifying account numbers from a credit card.B. Creating magnetic tape on cassette tapes.C. Stealing data from a retailer or payment processor’s database.D. Writing information onto magnetic stripes on the back of the card.76. The purpose of this article is probably to________________A. tell people how to make a fortune.B. explain how a credit card is used when buying things.C. warn people not to use credit card to pay for anything.D. expose a fraud that is often used these days.77. What is likely to be talked about in the next paragraph?A. Some other way to withdraw money at an ATM.B. Where to buy card readers and card encoders.C. How to protect yourself against the white card fraud.D. The disadvantages of using credit card on the Internet..Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Sugar is blamed for fueling the nations’ obesity crisis. Yet many of us don’t realize just how quickly our intake creeps up and the crucial link it has to health.There is nothing inherently(固有地) unhealthy about sugar so we shouldn’t be afraid of it or try to eliminate it from our diets completely. It doesn’t directly cause heart disease or diabetes(糖尿病) so there’s nothing wrong with the occasional sweet treat. The problem arise because most of us are eating far too much.There are different types of sugar and it’s found in all sorts of everyday foods. It occurs naturally in fruit and is added by manufacturers to make snacks such as cakes and biscuits. All types of sugar, whether found in cakes or fruit , will push up your intake of calories. If you don’t burn them off through exercise you are likely to get fat. That’s where the real health problems begin, including increase risk of heart disease, diabetes and some cancers.With sugar found naturally in fruit there is a balance. This sugar can play a role in making us overweight but fruit is also bursting with other sources of goodness. The added sugar found in snacks and sweets doesn’t contain many nutrients so we are encouraged to get our sugar allowance from fruit instead.Tom Sanders, professor of dietetics and nutrition at King’s College London, says:“we advise people to eat up to three portions of fruit a day but only have confectionery occasionally, because sweet can also tend to be high in better to get most of your carbohydrates intake from starchy foods such as bread, rice, potatoes and pasta because they also contain useful amounts of other nutrients such as proteins and vitamins.’ It is recommended that no more than 11% or our total daily calories intake should come from sugars. Professor Sander says:’This translates into 60g of sugar”There is no evidence that sugar is addictive, adds the professor , but it is habit forming . “We have special taste receptors for sugars on our tongue,” he explains. “ Sweet tastes give us pleasure, unlike bitter and acidic flavors.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements with NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS) 78. The health problems caused by sugar, such as increased risk of heart disease, come from_____________________________________________79. What kind of balance does fruit contain?_____________________________________________________________________________ 80. Though a type of carbohydrate, sugar doesn’t contain nutrients like _____________________________.81. Why is sugar habit forming?第Ⅱ卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．时下，网上购物在年轻人中很流行。

2015年高考英语押题密卷 (全国新课标Ⅰ卷)本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。

考生作答时，将答案答在答题卡上，在本试卷上答题无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的指定位置上。

2. 选择题答案使用2B铅笔填涂,如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案的标号；非选择题答案使用0. 5毫米的黑色中性（签字）笔或碳素笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3. 请按照题号在各题的答题区域(黑色线框)内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。

4. 保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。

第I 卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the woman like collecting best?A. Stamps.B. Coins.C. Train tickets.2. Which country found lovely music is good for people’s hearts?A. America.B. Australia.C. Russia.3. What is the woman eager to buy?A. Ice creams.B. Candy.C. Drinks.4. Where are the two speakers?A. In the bank.B. In the classroom.C. In the supermarket.5. What prevented the woman calling the man yesterday?A. She lost her cellphone.B. Her cellphone was power off.C. Her teacher took her cellphone away.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

2015年上海长宁区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空1、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模第1题AMany people underestimate the importance of writing skills. They think that as long asthey 1speak and understand the language, they know it. Truth is, we live in the age of internet and smart phones where most of the communication happens in writing. An ability to express ideas 2 a clear and literate way has become extremely necessary for work, study and every day life.Do you have trouble 3(express) yourself in written English? Don’t worry, even native speakers find it difficult. Here are some tips that will help you improve your English writing skills:1. Read as much as you can. It is the best way4(learn) sentence structures and build a vocabulary. We will share a writing for you to read on Facebook every week.2. Translate from your native language into English 5vice versa. However, if you write more, you should start thinking in English. You will know you have become fluent6 you no longer need to translate your thoughts.3. Use social media. By posting on Twitter or Facebook , you can get comments and feedback from your peers. It also helps overcome a fear of writing in public. You can always get yourwritings7(check) by reviewers at Daily Themes before you share it on other channels.4. Take an online course. There are a few very good free online courses on writing, English composition, and grammar on Cousera , Alison, edX, and Future Learn. You can take courses on these websites, and share your learning by writing on Daily Themes.5.Get a writing coach at Daily Themes . The fastest way to learn is to havesomeone, 8has already mastered the language, check your writings.Happy writing!2、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模第2题BChildren have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee （裁判） and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don't care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn't seem to worrythem1the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck,2their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoyed games that move in stages, in which each stage—the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start—is almost a game in itself. Grown-ups can hardly find children's game exciting, and they often feel puzzled at3their kids play such simple game again and again.4, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinary afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to5turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he6（catch）.It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine asituation7their control. Everyone knows the rules,and8（importantly）, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.二、选词填空3、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模第3题A century ago, American political leaders judged public opinions by people's applause and the size of crowds at meeting. This direct exposure to the people's views didnot1produce accurate knowledge of public opinions. It did, however, give political leaders2 in their public support.Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas3each other seven times in the summer and autumn of 1858, two years before they became presidential nominees (总统候选人). Their debates took place before4in cornfields and courthouse squares. A century later most presidential debates, although seen by millions, take place before a few reporters and the technicians in television studios. The public's response cannot be5firsthand. This distance between leaders and followers is one of the difficult problems of modern democracy. The media provide information to millions of people, but they are not yet so 6 at providing leaders with feedback from the public.Is government by acclamation (欢呼、欢迎) possible when the scale of communication is so large and impersonal? To make up for the 7in their ability to experience public opinions for themselves, leaders have turned to science, in particular the science of opinion polling (民意调查).It is no secret that politicians and public officials make8 use of public-opinion polls to help them decide whether to run for office, what policies to support, how to vote on importa nt issues and types of 9to make in their campaigns. President Lydon Johnson was famous for carrying the latest Gallup and Roper poll results in his pocket, and it is widely believed that he began to10 from politics because the polls reported losses in public support. All recent presidents and other major political figures have worked closely with polls.A. extensiveB. appealsC. debatedD. necessarilyE. audienceF. confidenceG. delicatelyH. efficientI. experiencedJ. withdrawK. decline三、完形填空4、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模第4题Radio began as a point-to-point communication device. In 1919, Radio Corporation of American would charge a fee if you sent a message from one radio to another. Either the senders or the recipients pay the fee. The purpose was basically to undercut the telegraph, and they made theirmoney1, not by providing radio as a2but by selling hardware.In about 1922, radio3into a broadcast mechanism. For broadcasting, in the simple sense, there was a4and it broadcast, and lots of people could hear it. But broadcasting was seen as a way to drive business to the radio hardware makers. The stationswere5by people who made radios or6, by churches and universities that wanted to get their7out but weren't going to make money.And there was a lot of stuff which sounds very8today about how this medium was going to9. And in the 20s, Radio BroadcastMagazine10 a $500 prize for the best essay that answered the question: " Who is going to pay for broadcasting, and how?" The winner suggesteda11on radio listeners. Now, it sounds a little strange to us, but that's actually the British model. The BBC supports itself by a tax on TV and radio sets.There was some discussion about12, and Herbert Hoover, the Secretary of Commerce then, was strongly against this idea. He said it was13that we should allow so great a possibility for service14by advertising chatter. The Commerce Department was15radio at the time. After the creation of national radio networks then the pressure – advertisers wanted to go on with it, people who owned the radio network wanted to sell ads, and that's how radio developed as an advertising medium.A. brieflyB. naturallyC. basicallyD. eventuallyA. listenerB. serviceC. broadcasterD. applicantA. developedB. extendedC. madeD. droveA. magazineB. platformC. stopD. stationA. wantedB. madeC. sponsoredD. soldA. in some casesB. in returnC. on the contraryD. on the wholeA. wayB. messageC. profitD. opinionA. criticalB. persuasiveC. familiarD. greatA. communicateB. broadcastC. emergeD. surviveA. offeredB. wonC. missedD. abandonedA. rewardB. taxC. fineD. rentA. broadcastingB. advertisingC. chatteringD. modellingA. essentialB. inconvenientC. difficultD. unbelievableA. sentB. createdC. drownedD. suggestedA. regulatingB. producingC. providingD. developing四、阅读理解5、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模（A篇）第5题The day began early.An agreement had been made with the little boys the evening before. They were to be allowed to celebrate the Fourth of July, the glorious day, by the blowing of horns exactly at sunrise. But they were to blow them for precisely five minutes only, and no sound of the horns should be heard afterward till the family were downstairs. It was thought that a peace might thus be brought by a short, though crowded, period of noise.The morning came. Even before the morning, at half-past three o'clock, a terrible blast of the horns aroused the whole family.The number of the horns was most remarkable! It was as though every cow in the place had arisen and was blowing through both her own horns! "How many little boys are there? How many have we? " exclaimed Mr. Peterkin, going over their names one by one mechanically thingking he would do it, as he might count imaginary sheep jumping over a fence, to put himself to sleep. The counting could not put him to sleep now, in such a loud noise.And how unexpectedly long the five minutes seemed! Elizabeth Eliza was to take out her watch and give the signal for the end of the five minutes, and the ceasing of the horns. Why did not the signal come? Why didi not Elizabeth Eliza stop them?And certainly it was long before sunrise; there was no dawn to be seen! " We'll not try this plan again, " said Mrs. Peterkin. "If we live to another Fourth, " added Mr. Peterkin, hurrying to the door to inquire into the state of affairs.Alas! Amanda, by mistake, had waked up the little boys an hour too early. And by another mistake the little boys had invited three or four of their friends to spend the night with them. Mrs. Peterkin had given them permission to have the boys for the whole day, and they understood the day as be ginning when they went to bed the night before. This accounted for the number of horns.It would have been impossible to hear any explanation; but the five minutes were over, and the horns had ceased, and there remained only the noise of a singular leaping of feet, explained perhaps by a possible pillow-fight, that kept the family below partially awake until the bells and cannon made known thedrawning of the glorious day, the sunrise, or "the rising of the sons, " as Mr. Peterkin jokingly called it when they heard the little boys and their friends clattering down the stairs to begin the outside festivities.(1) According to the passage, which event happened first?A. Mr. Peterkin noted how many boys there were.B. The Peterkins were awakened by the boys.C. Elizabeth gave the signal to stop the horns.D. Mr. Peterkin exclaimed how many boys they had.(2) What did the 7th paragraph talk about?A. The palce where the boys blew their horns.B. The time when Elizabeth Eliza stopped them.C. The way how the boys blew their horns.D. The reason why more horns were over there.(3) The probable main idea of this passage is that.A. the little boys didn't carry out the agreement thoroughlyB. the little boys didn't see the signal to stop blowing their hornsC. the little boys blew horns to greet the dawn of July 4th so earlyD. the Peterkins enjoyed children's blowing of the horns on July 4th(4) Which question is not answered in the story?A. When did the horn blowing begin?B. How long ago did the custom start?C. Why did the boys blow the horns in the morning?D. How did the Peterkins feel about the horn blowing?6、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模（B篇）第6~9题Settling in to life at OxfordWhen you first arrive in Oxford, it may take a little while for you to find your way around. The university is a large organization that is fully integrated into the city and has been evolving for 800 years. Some of the first things our students do when they arrive include finding a bike（most students in Oxfordfind cycling is the best way to go around）, setting up a bank account, getting their computer and mobile phone working, finding their department, getting to know their college and working out the best places to socialize.One of the major events you will experience shortly after "coming up" to Oxford is matriculation. Matriculation is held at the University's Sheldonian Theatre and is the ceremony at which you are formally admitted to the university.International students are invited to an orientation day at the start of the academic year. Sessions run throughout the day that will give you practical information about living and studying in UK and introduce you to other graduate students from for all over the world who are starting their studies at Oxford at the same time as you, as well as to current Oxford graduate students and staff who will be able to help and advise you. The day covers topics such as studying and learning in the Oxford system, University services, information on living in Britain and culture differences, as well as addressing practical issues such as employment, immigration and visas, health and safety. You can choose which talks to attend and at the end of the day there is a social hour so you can meet fellow students.Another good thing to experience early on is college dining. Most colleges have a tradition of regular formal hall dinners, which consist of three or four courses, and the atmosphere of an evening out in a nice restaurant. On some of these occasions you can invite people around to your college for dinner and then they may TAL#NBSP return the favor. In this way, you can get to know people studying your own and other subjects at the same time as visiting many of the historical college grounds and dining halls.Further information on your first few weeks at Oxford is available via the Students Gateway on our website, and you can get first-hand accounts of what life at Oxford is like by watching videos of students talking about their experiences on our Wall of 100 Faces.(1) Which of the following is not the first thing for a newcomer to Oxford to do?A. to find a best place to socializeB. to set up a bank accountC. to go to the Sheldonian TheatreD. to get mobile phone working(2) When do students feel they are truly admitted to Oxford University?A. They arrived in Oxford and settled down on campus.B. They received the offer from the admission office.C. They met the staff and took some required courses.D. They experienced the matriculation in the university.(3) Which is an orientation important for international students?A. It is a good chance to ask the staff for help.B. It offers practical information about living and studying.C. It helps get students' computers hooked to the Internet.D. It can help deal with the problem of culture differences.(4) The phrase "return the favor" in the passage probably means.A. inviting you for dinnerB. visiting your historic college in returnC. sharing favorite videosD. providing you with some good advice7、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模（C篇）第7题2018~2019学年10月上海闵行区上海市七宝中学高一上学期月考（E篇）第87~90题8分When a big boat, like a cruise ship, goes through the ocean, it often creates waves. This happens when the large engines on the back of the cruise ship cause the water on the ocean's surface move up and down violently. These waves move out from the boat in both directions. If you are captaining a smaller boat,you'd bettersteer clear of a ship's wake, so that your boat is not surfing on the waves, causing it to overturn.A wave is a pattern of motion. When you look at a wave, it may appear as simply water moving across the surface of the ocean. In fact, this is false. The water is actually not moving in the same direction as the wave. While the wave itself -- the pattern of motion—is moving across the surface of the ocean, the water is actually moving in a circular motion, which brings the water molecules back to their original position. The water merely gives the appearance of moving forward.If this is confusing, think of the kind of wave you do at a baseball stadium. Viewed from a distance, the wave is clearly moving across the stadium. But the thing that makes up the wave—the people—are not moving across the stadium, they're just moving up and down in their seats. This is just like the water in an ocean wave. A lot of water is moving up and down, which gives water the appearance of moving along with the wave.Surfers pay a lot of attention to waves. If you're not in an area where the waves are suitable for surfing, then you can't surf. Usually, surfers gather in areas known for big waves—waves that rise high off the ocean's surface. If the wave is bigger, then the surfer is often able to surf for longer distances and perform more tricks. The height of a wave is known as its amplitude. If you could make a wave freeze, then youcould measure the wave's amplitude by running a tape measure from the ocean's surface to the very peak of the wave.All waves can be measured using amplitude and wavelength. While the waves created by a boat have very small amplitude—sometimes as small as a few centimeters—the wavelength can be very short, as lots of waves are being generated. By contrast, a tsunami has very high amplitude, sometimes more than 100 feet, but a relatively long wavelength, as it's a high wave.Waves generated in the same way can have great differences in amplitude and wavelength. For example, think back to the cruise ship. While each ship creates waves caused by the movement of the boat, the properties of each of the waves may be very different. For example, a larger cruise ship, with powerful engines, may create a wave that has high amplitude and a short wavelength. However, if the ship's engines slow down, they may then start creating less powerful waves at a slower rate. This would cause the waves' amplitude to decrease, but its wavelength to increase.(1) What does the phrase "steer clear of a cruise ship's wake" in the 1st paragraph mean?A. keep awake while steering a shipB. get a clear view of what is aheadC. keep away from the cruise shipD. follow the cruise ship very closely(2) The author gives an example of wave people do in the stadium in order to.A. illustrate how excited people are in a basketball stadiumB. clear the confusion over measuring the wave's amplitudeC. demonstrate how to make waves in a basketball stadiumD. explain why the water appears to move along the waves(3) The last paragraph gives us the impression that.A. the wave's amplitude may vary, but its wavelength remain the sameB. the move powerful the ships engines are, the higher the waves they generateC. the amplitude of a wave depends on the direction the water moves forwardD. measuring the amplitude and wavelength of waves is not quite easy(4) What is this passage mainly about?A. How waves are created and measured.B. What makes the sea water move forwards.C. Why people create waves in the stadium.D. How to steer a cruise ship in the rough sea.五、任务型阅读8、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模第8题The paper is written in an attempt to discuss what the creative process is .Though much theory has accumulated, little is reall y known about the power that lies at the bottom of poetic creation. It is true that great poets and artists produce beauty by employing all the powers of personality and by combing emotions, reason, and intuitions（直觉）. But what is the magical synthesis（合成） that joins and arranges these complex parts into poetic unity?John L. Lowes, in his justly famous "The Road to Xanadu"developed one of the earliest and still generally acceptable answers to this interesting question. Imaginative creation. He concludes, is a complex process in which the conscious and unconscious minds jointly operate. "there is….the deep well with its chaos（杂乱） of accidently mixing images, but there is likewise the vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of form, and with the vision, the controlling will, which gives to that potential beauty actuality."The deep well is the unconscious mind that is peopled with the facts, ideas, feelings of the conscious activity. The imaginative vision, an unconscious activity, shines through the land of chaos, of lights and shadows, silently seeking pattern and form. Finally, the conscious mind again, through will, captures and embodies the idea in the final work of art. In this way is unity born out of chaos.Though there can be no absolute certainty, there is general agreement that the periods in the development of a creative work parallel（与….相似）, to some extent, Lowes's theory of well, vision, form and will. There are at least three stages in the creative process: preparation, inspiration, work.In a sense, the period of preparation is all of the writer's life. It is the deep well . It is especially a period of concentration which gives the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind. When remembrance of things past reaches the conscious level of the writer's mind, he is ready to go on with the process. Part of this preparation involves learning a medium—learning a language, learning how to write, learning literary forms. It is important to note here that form cannot be imposed upon the idea. Evidence, though not enough, shows that the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it. It is the vision, according to Lowes, that sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of form.(1) John L. Lowes has provided an acceptable answer to the question of.(2) are the four elements of John L. Lowes' theory.(3) How does the preparation stage contribute to the development of a creative work?(4) According to the passage, what is the relationship between the idea and form?六、翻译9、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模第9题翻译(1) 均衡的膳食是保持健康的关键。

2023学年高三年级第一次质量调研英语试卷(满分140分考试时间120分钟)I.Listening ComprehensionSection A(10分)Directions:In Section A,you will hear fen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.In a leadership training center. B.In a student consulting office.C.At an indoor basketball court.D.At a science development lab.2.A.Dietician and client. B.Waitress and diner.C.Boss and secretary.D.Librarian and reader.3.A.3,600dollars. B.6,000dollars. C.1,200dollars. D.4,800dollars.4.A.The park was closed due to a severe accident.B.The boy got injured in the roller coaster ride.C.A child was not feeling well after the ride.D.Many students thought the park was nasty.5.A.Buy electronic devices. B.Do some housework.C.Repair the car.D.Go window shopping.6.A.Schedules of a negotiation. B.Orders with the suppliers.yout of the presentation.D.Preparations for a meeting.7.A.She doesn't know the requirements of the essay.B.She feels stuck while proceeding with her essay.C.She has difficulty in drafting when walking.D.She is unable to give the man some ideas.8.A.Set fewer goals next year to avoid struggling.e up with a plan to motivate themselves.C.Monitor habit-forming behaviours for each other.D.Join an organization to check in on their progress.9.A.Dressing professionally improves his thinking.B.Wearing a tie helps him fit in the company.C.Looking handsome is what he pursues.D.Buying the shirt costs him a fortune.10.A.The man desires a room with a view of mountains.B.The hotel offers the man a tempting alternative.C.Few customers can receive an upgraded service.D.The woman demands the man give an apology.Section B(15分)Directions:In Section B,you will hear two passages and one longer conversation.After each passage conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.Increase of gravity. B.Physical training.C.Water resistance.D.Sense of isolation.12.A.8. B.17. C.Over200 D.About100.13.A.The training for astronauts is very demanding.B.It has been10years since China sent a man to space.C.Astronauts will change suits every six hours in space.D.Three months is the minimum training time for astronauts.Questions I4through16are based on the following passage.14.A.About10,000birds were killed.B.The blue sky was the key cause of the hitting.C.Birds were drawn by the lights from the building.D.MeCormick Place was closed because of the hitting.15.A.Draw curtains during the day. e materials that don't attract birds.C.Change colors of the building.D.Apply environment-friendly stickers.16.A.Unusual B.Inevitable. C.Beneficial. D.Tragic. Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.Preparations to make for the tutoring.B.Promises to their physics teachers.C.Solutions to their respective problems.D.Apologies to give for the dollhouse.18.A.She has missed half-an-hour training.B.She hasn't entered for the after-school tutoring.C.She has to hand in the assignment on Wednesday.D.She is unable to deal with the physics homework.19.A.It involves complex architectural planning.B.It requires buying expensive wood supplies.C.It needs some features like adding windows.D.It must be exactly like his sister's old dollhouse.20.A.Beg his sister for forgiveness. B.Check whether Mr.Brown has time.C.Hire a professional carpenter.D.Piece together the broken dollhouse. II.Grammar and VocabularySection A(10分)Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blankSeeing Math on the PageMath and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches.However, scientists wonder(21)_____the beauty of math can be found in literary works.Once Upon a Prime: The Wondrous Connections between Mathematics and Literature,a book published recently by UK mathematician Sarah Hart,(22)______(present)some interesting thoughts about"three".She argues that the beauty of this number is indeed evident in many works of western literature and languages in general.‘Three’is the minimum number(23)_____a two-dimensional shape can be defined.For example, three sticks can create a triangle,a stable structure.Many common phrases are in three words, such as"ready,set,go".Being the first things kids may learn,some nursery rhymes have a word (24)________(repeat)three times,such as"row,row,row your boat".In stories,there are usually three main characters,such as Harry,Ron and Hermione in the Harry Potter series.For a series of novels,there are usually three books(25)________________four,according to Hart.Why is it always the third son who behaves differently from his two older brothers,thus (26)_______(win)the princess?"The reason for this,"Hart explains,"is obvious.We require two repetitions to get to know the pattern,(27)__________the breaking of the pattern in the third character can surprise or amuse us."Similarly,another study by researchers at the University of Vermont also connected math and storytelling.They analyzed more than1,300fiction books and arranged for10,000words from the books(28)____________(rate)by50participants on a happiness scale of1to9.Then the ratings(29)_(categorize)into different graphs,which showed how the readers'emotions changed while reading.It turned out that each story fit perfectly into one of six basic graphs,a mathematical pattern.“The idea that one would(30)_____choose between mathematics and literature is something of a tragedy,"Hart says,"The two fields are fundamentally linked".Section B(10分)Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one more word than you need.A.ballooning.B.frost-intolerant.C.directly.D.contributors.E.eruptedF.conditions.G.shadedH.sensor-equippedI.engineeringJ.situatedK.properlyFarm of the Future in the SkyFive storeys off the ground at Colorado State University,a highly unlikely garden grows under a long row of rooftop solar panels.It's late November at9am,when the temperature is-2℃and the wind is cutting.Not long before my arrival,researchers had pulled the last__31__crops out of the soil under the panels.In their place,cool-season foods like leafy greens still grow, __32_from the intense sunlight up there.This is no ordinary green roof,but an expansive and___33____outdoor laboratory.The idea behind it is explained by Jennifer Bousselot,the director of the rooftop farm.Solar panels tend to get too hot on conventional roof tops,and that heat reduces their efficiency while plants help cool them off."If you have plants under there,"Bousselot said,"they create ideal___34____for solar panels to operate.Also,the shade of the panels encourages the growth of plants.A win-win solution."Therefore,the overall goal of the rooftop farm is to grow more food for___35___urban populations while generating clean energy and making buildings more energy efficient.Without the sun beating down__36_on a bare roof,green roofs boost a building's energy efficiency by about10percent.That is,you don't need to run as much air-conditioning to__37___cool the place during a heat wave.This innovative approach can also maximize land use,making urban spaces not just consumers of resources,but also active___38___to both energy and agricultural production.However,being__39___on a rooftop comes with more challenges than a typical farming site. The wind loads on a roof make it challenging to install a tracking system and irrigation(灌溉)is also trickier.The expenses are substantially increased due to higher__40___costs and the difficulties of moving and installing all the sensors and materials high in the air.It is obviously early days for rooftop farms,but some effects were already evident.Instead of being big,dead spaces,roofs may act as booming ecosystems.III.Reading ComprehensionSection A(15分)Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“So…tell me about yourself.”The toughest job interview question may seem like a softball from the interviewer's perspective:It seems___41____because it feels like a free pass:no request for real-life examples, no technical challenge,not even the feared"What's your biggest fault?"Just…tell me anything.Receiving such an open invitation invites more___42____than opportunities,because you'regiven no framework for your response—just a blank,clue-free paper.I often see this__43situation in my point-making workshops:communicating without a point.What your prospective employer most needs from you is a point("T am an important asset(资产)to the company"),not a___44___("All about me").But how do you get from the interviewer's broad question to a specific and___45___point?Start with realizing that your interviewer already knows your job history thanks to your resume(简历).So you should be more than your___46__.Remember that interviews are more about making strong___47__than proving qualifications.This is a two-step process that will require some homework.First,identify what the organization specifically needs from this role. Second,__48_your response to position yourself as the best person to fill that need.Identifying the organization's need means examining the job description like a treasure map. Phrases like“required,”"must have,"and"highly desired"mean what they say,so___49__those in your planning.Items further down the list or labeled"preferred"may be less important,even if you meet those standards.The__50___of a job description can be telling as well.Descriptions that sound personal,or come right out and say"sense of humor preferred"indicate a workplace where people like to have fun.__51_,a very formal job posting might indicate a conservative workplace where people are expected to be serious about the work.Pulling from these soures,write down the three personal qualities they're most looking for like“self-starter,""team player,"or"interest in healthcare".Now change the___52___slightly to "I'm aself-starter"or“At work,my approach is.…."Then pick a story from your professional life that53__you filling that particular need of the job.Feel free to add details,but don't__54___the primary elements.Assume they can smell a lie from a mile away,whether they can or can't.In this way,you should do more than just widen eyes in the room.Why?Because you've matched who you are and your personal story with the company's brand and primary need.You didn't just tell them about you;you pointed out why you___55___to them.41.A.hard B.Easy C.huge D.small42.A.missions B.joys. ments D.risks43.A,unlikely B.favourable. C.problematic petent44.A.book report B.phone call. C.desk lamp D.lunch break45.A.declared B.tailored. C.rejected D.assessed46.A.profile B.criterion C.dimension D.nickname47.A.transitions B.judgments C.matches D.distributions48.A.stabilize B.customize C.memorize D.authorize49.A.diversify B.approve C.delete D,highlight50.A.tone B.format C.picture D.length51.A.For instance B.By contrast C.After all D.In addition52.A.blogging working C.messaging D.wording53.A.illustrates B.suspends C.dismisses D.circulates54.A.make up B.put off C.break down D.get through55.A.submitted B.extended C.mattered D.shifted Section B(22分)Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)To us,the kitchen was a mysterious place.Our kitchen at home was so simple:an old Sparks oven,a refrigerator,a sink,and a table.At the New Eastern,it was a busy factory.Almost an entire wall wastaken up by a line of huge black woks(锅).This was my father's stage.He strode(大步走)the length of the four woks,each one fired up by gas flames underneath.Beneath him,blocks of wood, raised off the ground an inch or two,served to give his legs and feet some spring.The sink was the size of a bathtub(浴);the refrigerator had glass doors and stretched three times as wide as the one at home.Every appliance was bigger,and there were things we never saw anywhere else,like the big metal oven in which my father hung long poles holding large pieces of pork.We could hear the fire roaring from the bottom of it.My dad would go about his business, and then,always at exactly the right time,he'd wander over,lift off the top,and take out several poles of barbecued pork—bright red,with black at the tips.If I happened by at that magical moment,I'd stop.“Yeet-gow!”I'd say.And he'd skillfully chop off a piece of the juicy,sweet meat.“One dollar!"he'd shout,and then hand it over.My father made the best food in town.There was nothing he wouldn't try.He was once proud of a rock candy he invented and determined to sell at the front counter of the New Eastern.We,of course,served as his guinea pigs—we couldn't bring ourselves to tell him the sad truth:The candy was so hard that it was uneatable.I rolled a piece around my mouth.“Tastes good,Ba-Ba,”I said. Then,when he looked away,I spat it out.Sometimes,he liked to invent stories to us.Watching my little sister Shirley biting on an apple, he'd lean over.“Don't eat the seed,"he said,"or an apple tree will grow inside you."“What?”“Yes.Right inside your stomach,an apple tree!”56.It can be learned from paragraph1and2that____________.A.the author's father can repair springsB.the author enjoys observing in the kitchenC.the author helps to cook difficult dishesD.the author's family lives in a busy factory57.How does the author develop the idea that"the kitchen is a mysterious place"?A.By describing how his father manages various tasks in the kitchen.B.By classifying the kitchen appliances into different categories.C.By contrasting the restaurant kitchen with the kitchen at home.D.By explaining why large pieces of pork were placed in the oven.58.The author mentions the incident of a rock candy in paragraph3_____________.A.to highlight how he disliked the food his father madeB.to illustrate why they often kept secrets from his fatherC.to emphasize the troubled relationship with his fatherD.to show the family's support for his father's experiments59.Which of the following words can best describe the author's father?A.dynamic and playfulB.strict and innovativeC.talented and greedyD.hardworking and outdated60.It can be learned from“THE ATTACK”that_______.A.Sandra asks Marcus for his password.B.Marcus steals the key corporate data.C.The attacker gains Marcus's trust first.D.Sandra is a senior director of the bank.61.Which of the following best fits the"?"in step④of“THE DEFENSE"?A.LESSONB.HEALTHC.PROGRAMD.FINANCE62.Which of the following is covered in the case?A.What loss the company has sufferedB.How Marcus regretted receiving the callC.What Natalie has found about the domainD.How effectively Ray responded to the attack(C)New research confirms that human footprints found in New Mexico are probably the oldest direct evidence of human presence in the Americas,a finding that upends what many scientists knew about human habitation and migration(迁徙).The footprints were discovered at the edge of an ancient lakebed in White Sands national park.According to the new paper published in the journal Science,they date back to between21, 000and23,000years ago.Actually,the estimated age of the footprints was first reported in Science in2021,but some researchers raised concerns about the dates.Questions focused on whether seeds of water plants used for the original dating may have absorbed ancient carbon from the lake—which could,in theory,throw off radiocarbon dating by thousands of years.But the new study presents two additional lines of evidence for the older date range.It uses two entirely different materials found at the site,ancient pollen(花粉)and stone grains.The reported age of the footprints challenges the once conventional wisdom that humans did not reach the Americas until a few thousand years before rising sea levels covered the Bering land bridge between Russia and Alaska,perhaps about15,000years ago.“This is a subject that's always been controversial because it's so significant.It's about how we understand the last chapter of the peopling of the world,”said Thomas Urban,an archaeologist(考古学家)at Comell University,who was involved in the2021study but not the new one.Thomas Stafford,an independent archaeological geologist in New Mexico,who was not involved in the study,said he“was a bit suspicious before”but now is convinced.The new study isolated about75,000grams of pure pollen from the same stone layer that contained the footprints. "Dating pollen is laborious but worthwhile,"said Kathleen Springer,a research geologist at the US Geological Survey and a co-author of the new paper.Ancient footprints of any kind can provide archaeologists with a quick look of a moment in time.While some archeological sites in the Americas point to similar date ranges—including necklaces carved from giant animal remains in Brazil—scientists still question whether such objects really indicate human presence.“White Sands is unique because there's no question these footprints were left by people,"said Jennifer Raff,a scientist at the University of Kansas,who was not involved in the study.63.The underlined word"upends”(paragraph1)is closest in meaning to“_______".prisesB.connectsC.challengespares64.According to the passage,what is special about the new research?A.It shows the footprints were made by the Russians.B.It offers more convincing lines of evidence for dating.C.It confirms that the ancient humans enjoyed living by the lake.D.It reveals the footprints are much younger than previously thought.65.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_____________.A.necklaces are valuable objects for archaeologists to date animalsB.human footprints are often sure signs of human presenceC.ancient objects in Brazil are excluded from the studyD.White Sands is one important archaeological site66.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.Scientists Discovers New Species of Humans in AmericasB.Humans Reached Americas15,000Years Earlier Than BelievedC.American Archaeologists Unearthed Valuable Manmade ObjectsD.New Research Confirms Early Human Presence in AmericasSection C(8分)Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you needA.The key is to look for places where improvements were done poorly.B.An experienced agent is probably going to have a better eye than the buyer.C.Is buying one of these quick-turnaround properties a good idea?D.Set aside money for any problems that may crop up or ask the seller to cover them.E.How do you know if the previous owner has moved out of the house?F.Flippers sometimes skip getting permits for the work they do.What to Know If Buying a Flipped HouseHouse flipping is hardly new.For someone who is working in the real estate market,a flipped or recently renovated(翻新的)home can be very appealing.But how about you,the home-hunter?_____67____You certainly don't need to avoid flipped properties.A flipped property does have some strong selling points.A lot of its features and fixtures have been replaced or improved.Certainly, you'll save on the time and trouble of doing the renovation yourself.But there are some things to watch out for if you're considering buying one.____68____For example,Alice recently toured a flipped house whose kitchen drawer was blocked by the refrigerator and the dishwasher wasn't installed correctly-things that would prevent people from being able to function in there.Addressing issues like these can become costly,especially if you haven't factored them into your budget.Don't neglect your right to a professional inspection.____69_____So getting an expert to go take a thorough look at the property is crucial,to make sure everything is up to code.It's going to be really important to do your sewer(下水道)and separate roof inspections.Flipped houses may seem up-to-date on the surface,but shiny new finishes can sometimes mask substandard work. Finally,flipped properties are rarely advertised as such.Therefore,it is crucial to work with aknowledgeable real estate agent.____70____When he tours a house that he suspects is being flipped,he'll check who owned the home previously,and will reach out to other agents in his network to see if anyone has experience buying from them.IV.Summary writing(10分)Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Dealing with One Missed WorkoutIt's a common dilemma(图局)for anyone on a training plan:You miss one workout and become awashed with guilt.To make up for it,you add those extra miles to your next workout. But according to the professionals,this isn't the right way to go about it."A single workout is not going to make or break a training plan.The key to training is consistency over time,"says John Raglin,PhD,professor in the Department of Kinesiology at Indiana University Bloomington.When you miss a workout,the temptation is to think,"Oh,I've got to do more tomorrow". But when you try to catch up on your workouts,you run a couple of risks:"Certainly an injury,but also becoming over-tired,which could ruin your training after that,"says Raglin.This is a phenomenon called'non-functional overreaching',"he says.Eventually,this could lead to overtraining syndrome(综合症),which is characterized by a decrease in performance later due to a long-term increase in training load without adequate recovery.So how do you move forward if you skipped a run or five?Well first,people download generalized training plans without understanding that they are meant to be adapted to life.There is a whole host of life stressors—job,kids,friendships,travel—and exercise is just another type of stress.Actually,when things get chaotic in your life,it may be necessary to just let go.Next,if you missed a workout,you have to ask yourself why:"Was it just because your schedule got out of hand or because you were feeling overly exhausted?"Understanding why you missed the workout can offer some insights into how to tailor your program to suit your lifestyle.V.Translation(15分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.门后挂着毛巾和睡衣，方便客人使用。