2005医学考博统考英语真题
Part2vocabulary
section A
31.There was no_____but to close the road until February.
A.dilemma dilemma[d?'lem?;da?-]n.困境；进退两难；两刀论法
B.denying denying[di?nai?]n.表达否认v.否认（deny的现在分词）
C.alternative alternative[??l't??n?t?v;?l-]n.二中择一；供替代的选择adj.供选择的；选择性的；交替的
D.doubt
32.I______when I heard that my grandfather had died.
A.fell apart fall apart崩溃；土崩瓦解；破碎
B.fell away fall away vt.消失；背离，离开；疏失；抛弃；消瘦；倾斜
C.fell out fell out争吵|发生|吵架
D.fall back fall back退却，后退；回落
33.I’m_____passing a new law that helps poor children get better medicine.
A.taking advantage of take advantage of:利用|占便宜|欺负
B.standing up for stand up for支持，坚持；拥护
C.looking up to look up to:尊敬|敬仰|仰望
D.taking hold of take hold of:抓住|握住|捉住
34.In front of the platform,platform['pl?tf??m]n.平台；月台，站台；坛；讲台the students were talking with the professor over the quizzes of their_____subjects.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f99754705.html,pulsory
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f99754705.html,pulsive
C.alternative
D.predominant
predominant[pr?'d?m?n?nt]adj.主要的；卓越的；支配的；有力的；有影响的=remarkable/excellent/primary/major/prominent
35.The tutor tells the undergraduates undergraduatesn.本科生，大学生that one can acquire acquire[?'kwa??]vt.获得；取得；学到；捕获____in a foreign language through more practice.
A.proficiency proficiency[pr?'f??(?)ns?]n.精通，熟练
B.efficiency efficiency[?'f??(?)ns?]n.效率；效能；功效
C.efficacy efficacy['ef?k?s?n.功效，效力
D.frequency frequency['fri?kw(?)ns?]n.频率；频繁
36.The teacher explained the new lesson_____to the students.
A.at random at random胡乱地；随便地；任意地
B.at a loss at a loss亏本地；困惑不解
C.at length at length最后，终于；详细地
D.at hand at hand adv.在手边；即将到来
37.I shall___the loss of my reading-glasses in newspaper with a reward for the finder.
A.advertise advertise['?dv?ta?z]vt.通知；为…做广告；使突出vi.做广告，登广告；作宣传
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f99754705.html,rm inform[?n'f??m]vt.通知；告诉；报告vi.告发；告密
C.announce announce[?'na?ns]vt.宣布；述说；预示；播报vi.宣布参加竞选；当播音员
D.publish publish['p?bl??]vt.出版；发表；公布vi.出版；发行；刊印
38.The poor nutrition nutrition[nj?'tr??(?)n]n.营养，营养学；营养品in the early stages of infancy can___adult growth.
A.degenerate degenerate[d?'d?en(?)r?t]vt.使退化；恶化n.堕落的人adj.退化的；堕落的vi.退化；堕落
B.deteriorate deteriorate[d?'t??r??re?t]vt.恶化vi.恶化，变坏
C.boost boost[bu?st]vt.促进；增加；支援n.推动；帮助；宣扬vi.宣扬；偷窃n.(Boost)人名；(英)布斯特；(德)博斯特
D.retard retard['r?tɑ?d]vt.延迟；阻止；妨碍；使减速n.延迟；阻止vi.减慢；受到阻滞
39.She had a terrible accident,but___she was’t killed.
A.at all events at all events adv.不管怎样|无论如何|不论怎么
B.in the long run in the long run:从长远来看|最终|终究
C.at large at large详尽的；未被捕的，整个的，一般|大多数|普通
D.in vain in vain徒劳|无益地|空费力
40.His weak chest___him to winter illness.
A.predicts predict[pr?'d?kt]vt.预报，预言；预知vi.作出预言；作预料，作预报
B.preoccupies preoccupy[pri?'?kj?pa?]vt.迷住；使全神贯注
C.prevails prevails:流行|盛行|获胜
D.predisposes predispose[,pri?d?'sp??z]vt.预先处置；使…偏向于
Section B
41.The company was losing money,so they had to lay off some of its employees for three months.
A.owe owe[??]vt.欠；感激；应给予；应该把……归功于vi.欠钱
B.dismiss dismiss[d?s'm?s]vt.解散；解雇；开除；让...离开；不予理会、不予考虑
vi.解散，开除
C.recruit recruit[r?'kru?t]vt.补充；聘用；征募；使…恢复健康n.招聘；新兵；新成
员vi.复原；征募新兵；得到补充；恢复健康
D.summon summon['s?m?n]vt.召唤；召集；鼓起；振作
42.The north American states agrreed to sign the agreement agreement[?'gri?m(?)nt]n.协议；同意，一致of economical and military union in Ottawa.
A.convention convention[k?n'ven?(?)n]n.大会；[法]惯例；[计]约定；[法]协定；习俗.大会|公约|习俗
B.conviction conviction[k?n'v?k?(?)n]n.定罪；确信；证明有罪；确信，坚定的信仰
C.contradiction contradiction[k?ntr?'d?k?(?)n]n.矛盾；否认；反驳
D.confrontation confrontation[,k?nfr?n'te??n]n.对抗；面对；对质
43The statue would be perfect but for a few small defects in its base.
A.faults faults n.故障（fault的复数）；[地质]断层；错误v.出差错；犯错误
B.weaknesses
C.flaws flaws n.[材]缺陷；[力]裂缝v.有裂纹；使有裂缝（flaw的单三形式）
D.errors
44.When he finally emerged from emerge from自…出现；从…显露出来the cave cave[ke?v] n.洞穴，窑洞vi.凹陷，塌落；投降vt.使凹陷，使塌落；在…挖洞穴after thirty days.John was startlingly startlingly['sta:tli?li]adv.惊人地；使人惊奇地pale.pale[pe?l]n.前哨；栅栏；范围adj.苍白的；无力的；暗淡的vi.失色；变苍白；变得暗淡vt.使失色；使变苍白；用栅栏围
A.amazingly amazingly[?'meizi?li]adv.令人惊讶地；惊奇地
B.astonishingly astonishingly[?'st?ni?i?li]adv.令人惊讶地
C.uniquely uniquely[ju:'ni:kli]adv.独特地；珍奇地
D.dramatically dramatically[dr?'m?t?k?l?]adv.戏剧地；引人注目地
45.If you want to set up a company,you must comply with comply with照做，遵守the regulations laid down by the authorities.
A.abide by abide by遵守；信守；承担…的后果
B.work out work out解决；算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；弄懂；锻炼
C.check out check out检验；结账离开；通过考核；盖章
D.succumb to succumb to:屈服于|死于|屈从succumb[s?'k?m]vi.屈服；死；
被压垮
46.The school master applauded applaud[?'pl??d]vt.赞同；称赞；向…喝彩vi.喝彩；鼓掌欢迎the girl’s bravery in his opening speech.
A.praise praise[pre?z]n.赞扬；称赞；荣耀；崇拜vt.赞美，歌颂；表扬vi.赞美；赞扬
B.appraised appraised v.评估（appraise的过去式形式）；估价
C.cheered cheer[t???]n.欢呼；愉快；心情；令人愉快的事vt.欢呼；使高兴；为…加油vi.欢呼；感到高兴
D.clapped clap[kl?p]n.鼓掌；拍手声vt.拍手，鼓掌；轻轻拍打某人vi.鼓掌，拍手；啪地关上
47.The local government leaders are making every effort to tackle tackle['t?k(?)l]vi.扭倒；拦截抢球vt.处理；抓住；固定；与…交涉n.滑车；装备；用具；扭倒the problem of
poverty.
A.abolish abolish[?'b?l??]vt.废除，废止；取消，革除
B.address address[?'dres]vt.演说；从事；忙于；写姓名地址；向…致辞；与…说话；提出；处理n.地址；演讲；致辞；
C.extinguish extinguish[?k'st??gw??;ek-]vt.熄灭；压制；偿清
D.encounter encounter[?n'ka?nt?;en-]vt.遭遇，邂逅；遇到n.遭遇，偶然碰见vi.遭遇；偶然相遇
take account of考虑到；顾及；体谅
48.This report would be intelligible intelligible[?n'tel?d??b(?)l]adj.可理解的；明了的；仅能用智力了解的only to an expert in computing.
A.intelligent intelligent[?n'tel?d?(?)nt]adj.智能的；聪明的；理解力强的
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f99754705.html,prehensive comprehensive[k?mpr?'hens?v]n.综合学校；专业综合测验adj.综合的；广泛的；有理解力的
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f99754705.html,petent competent['k?mp?t(?)nt]adj.胜任的；有能力的；能干的；足够的
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f99754705.html,prehensible comprehensible[k?mpr?'hens?b(?)l]adj.可理解的|可以理解的|能懂的
49.Reading a book and listening to music simultaneously simultaneously[,s?ml'te?n??sl?]adv.同时地seems to be mo problem for them.
A.intermittently intermittently[int?'mit?ntli]adv.间歇地|断断续续|间歇的
B.constantly constantly['k?nst(?)ntl?]adv.不断地；时常地
C.concurrently concurrently[k?n'k?r?ntli]adv.兼；同时发生地
D.continuously continuously[k?n'tinju?sli]adv.连续不断地
50.He was given a laptop computer in acknowledgement acknowledgement[?k'n?l?d?m(?)nt] n.承认；确认；感谢of his work for the company.acknowledge[?k'n?l?d?]vt.承认；答谢；报偿；告知已收到
A.accomplishment accomplishment[?'k?mpl??m(?)nt;?'k?m-]n.成就；完成；技艺，
技能
B.recognition recognition[rek?g'n??(?)n]n.识别；承认，认出；重视；赞誉；公
认
C.apprehension apprehension[?pr?'hen?(?)n]n.理解；恐惧；逮捕；忧惧
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f99754705.html,mitment commitment[k?'m?tm(?)nt]n.承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献
身
Part3Close
In Mr.Allen’s high school class,all students have to“get married”.However,the wedding ceremonies are not real ones but51.These mock vt.愚弄，嘲弄adj.仿制的，模拟的，虚假的，不诚实的vt.不尊重，蔑视ceremonies sometimes become so52that the loud laughter drowns out the voive of the“minister”.Even the two students getting married often begin to giggle.giggle['g?g(?)l]vi.傻笑；咯咯地笑n.吃吃的笑
The teacher Mr.Allen,believes that marriage is a difficult and serious business.He wants young people to understand that there are many changes that53take place after marriage.He believes that the need for these psychological and financial54should be understood before people marry.
Mr.Allen does’t only introduce his students to major problems55in marriage such as illness or unemployment.He also expose them to nitty-gritty nitty-gritty['niti'ɡriti]n.事实真相；本质adj.根本的；详细的problems they will face every day.He wants to introduce young people to all the trials the trial n.审判（电影名）trivial['tr?v??l]adj.不重要的，琐碎的；琐细的，微不足道的and56that can strain strain[stre?n]vt.拉紧；滥用；滤去；竭vi.拉紧；尽力n.张力；拉紧；负担；扭伤；血缘a marriage to the breaking point.He even57 his students with the problems of divorced men must pay child support money for their wives.alimony alimony['?l?m?n?]n.[法]赡养费；生活费
It has been upsetting for some of the students to see the problems that a married couple often faces.58they took the course,they had not worried much about the problems of marriage.However,both students and parents feel that Mr.Allen’s course is valuable and have59 the course publicly.There statements and letters supporting the class have,60the school to offer the course again,
51.A.duplications duplication[dju?pl?'ke??n]n.复制；副本；成倍duplication:重复|复制|重叠率
B.imitations imitation[?m?'te??(?)n]adj.人造的，仿制的n.模仿，仿造；仿制品
C.assumption assumption[?'s?m(p)?(?)n]n.假定；设想；担任；采取
D.fantasies fantasies n.梦想，幻想（fantasy的复数）n.(Fantasies)人名；(法)方塔西网络释义Fantasies:性幻想冲刺|幻想|性幻想
52.A.noisy
B.artificial artificial[ɑ?t?'f??(?)l]adj.人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的；武断的
C.graceful graceful['gre?sf?l;-f(?)l]adj.优雅的；优美的
D.real
53.A.might B.would C.must D.need
54.A.issues issues[英['??ju:z]美['??j?z]]n.议题，问题；债券（issue的复数）；争点v.发行；分发；流出
B.adjustments adjustments n.调整，调整数（adjustment复数形式）
C.matters matters['m?t?z]n.事项；事件；事态；情事（matter的复数）n.(Matters)人名；(英)马特斯
D.expectancies expectancy[?k'spekt(?)ns?;ek-]n.期望，期待
55.A.to face B.facing C.having faced D.faced
56.A.tribulations tribulations n.苦难（tribulation的复数形式）
B.errors
C.triumphs triumphs.大胜利；凯旋（triumph的复数）v.获胜；征服（triumph的三单形式）
D.verdicts verdicts n.裁决（verdict的复数）
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f99754705.html,rms inform[?n'f??m]vi.告发；告密vt.通知；告诉；报告
B.concerns
C.familiarizes f amiliarize[f?'m?l??ra?z]vt.使熟悉
D.associates associate[?'s????e?t;-s?e?t]n.同事，伙伴；关联的事物adj.副的；联合的vt.联想；使联合；使发生联系vi.交往
58.A.Until B.Before C.After D.As.
59.A.taken B.suggested
C.endorsed endorse[?n'd??s;en-]vt.认可；签署；赞同；
D.reproched reproach[r?'pr??t?]n.责备；耻辱vt.责备；申斥
60.A.confirmed confirm[k?n'f??m]vt.确认；确定；证实；批准；使巩固
B.convinced convince[k?n'v?ns]基本翻译vt.说服；使确信，使信服
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f99754705.html,promised compromise['k?mpr?ma?z]n.妥协，和解；折衷vt.妥协；危害vi.妥协；让步
D.conceived conceive[k?n'si?v]vi.怀孕；设想；考虑vt.怀孕；构思；以为；持有PartⅣ
passage one
Why do people always want to get up and dance when they hear music?The usual explanation is that there is something embeded embed[?m'bed;em-]基本翻译vt.栽种；使嵌入，使插入；使深留脑中in every culture-----that dancing is a“cultural universal”.A researcher in Manchester thingks the impulse impulse['?mp?ls]n.冲动；[电子]脉冲；刺激；神经冲动；推动力vt.推动may be more deeply rooted than that.He says it may be a reflex reaction.
Neil Todd,a psychologist at the University of Manchester.told the BA that he first got an inkling inkling['??kl??]n.暗示；略知；模糊概念v.暗示（inkle的ing形式）；略知；低声说出that biology was the key after watching people dance to deafeningly deafeningly ['defni?li]adv.震耳欲聋地；非常吵闹地loud music.?There is a compulsion compulsion [k?m'p?l?(?)n]n.强制；强迫；强制力about it.”he says.He reckoned reckon['rek(?)nvi.估计；计算；猜想，料想vt.测算，估计；认为；计算there might be a more direct,biological,explanation for the disre desire[d?'za??]n.欲望；要求，心愿；性欲vt.想要；要求；希望得到…vi.渴望to dance,so he started to look at the inner ear.
The human ear has two main functions:hearing and maintaining balance.The standard view 标准视图is that these tasks are segregated segregate['segr?ge?t]vt.使隔离；使分离；在…实行种族隔离so that organs for balance,for insance,do not have an acoustic acoustic[?'ku?st?k]adj.声学的；音响的；听觉的n.原声乐器；不用电传音的乐器function.But Todd says animal studies have shown that the sacculus sacculus['s?kj?l?s]n.[解剖]球囊（等于saccule）；（拉）小囊,which is part of the balance---regulating regulate['regj?le?tvt.调节，规定；控制；校准；有系统的管理vestibular system vestibular system前庭系统,has retain retain [r?'te?n]vt.保持；雇；记住some sensitivity to sound.The sacculus is especially sensitive to extremely loud noise,above70decibel.decibel['des?beln.分贝
“There’s no question that in a contemporary dance contemporary[k?n'temp(?)r(?r)?]n.同时代的人；同时期的东西adj.当代的；同时代的；属于同一时期的temporary['temp(?)r?r?]n.临时工，临时雇员adj.暂时的，临时的contemporary dance现代舞environment,the sacculus will be stimulated.”says Todd.The average the average一般说
来；平均起来rave rave[re?v]vt.咆哮；语无伦次地说vi.咆哮；胡言乱语；狂骂n.咆哮；胡言乱语；热烈赞美adj.赞扬的,he says,blares blare[ble?]n.嘟嘟声；号声；巨响vt.嘟嘟地发出；高声发出vi.发嘟嘟声；发出响而刺耳的声音music at a painful110to140 decibels.But no one really knows what an acoustically acoustically[?'ku?st?k?l?]adv.听觉上；声学上stimulated sacculus does.
Todd speculates speculate['spekj?le?t]vi.推测；投机；思索vt.推断spectate ['spekteit]vi.出席观看(体育比赛等)；作(马赛等的)观众that listening to extremely loud music is a form of“vestibular self-stimulation self-stimulation[生理]自我刺激”:it gives a heightened heightenedv.提高，升高（heighten的过去分词）sensation sensation [sen'se??(?)n]n.感觉；轰动；感动of motion.?We don’t know exactly why it causes pleasure.”he says.”But we know that people go to extraordinary length to下了大功夫,不择手段的get it.”He list bungee jumping,bungee jumping蹦极跳；跳坠运动playing on swings荡秋千or even rocking to and fro to and fro来来回回|来回地|到处in a rocking chair rocking chair摇椅，安乐椅as other example of pursuits pursuitsn.追求|继续进行寻求designed to stimulate the sacculus.
The same pulsing that makes us feel as though feel as though觉得；仿佛；好象we are moving may make us get up and dances as well,says Todd.Loud music sends signals to the inner ear which may prompt reflex movement.揟he typical pulse rate of dance music is around the rate of loccomotion.”he says,揑tt’s quite possible you’re triggering a spinal reflex.”
61.The passage begins with______
A.a new explanation of music
B.a cultural universal universal[ju?n?'v??s(?)l]adj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的；全世界的；全体的n.一般概念；普通性questioned
C.a common psychological abnormality abnormality[?bn??'m?l?t?;-n?'m?l?t?]n.异常；畸形，变态
D.a deep insight into human physical movenents
62.What intrigued intrigue[?n'tri?g]n.阴谋；诡计；复杂的事；私通vt.用诡计取得；激起...的兴趣vi.私通；密谋Todd was______
A.human instinct Human Instinct人类本能（电视剧名）人类本能|真性情|人类本能instinct['?nst??(k)t]n.本能，直觉；天性
adj.充满着的reflexes
B.people’s biological heritages biological heritage生理承袭，生物遗传
C.people’s compulsion about loud music
D.the damages loud music wrecks wreck[rek]vt.破坏；使失事；拆毁n.破坏；失事；残骸；失去健康的人vi.失事；营救失事船只on human hearing
63.Todd’s biological explanation for the desire to dance refers to_____
A.the mechanism of hearing sounds
B.the response evoked from evoke from:唤起evoke[?'v??k]vt.引起，唤起；博得he sacculus
C.the two main functions performed by the human ear
D.the segregation segregation[,segr?'ge??(?)n]n.隔离，分离；种族隔离of the hearing and balance maintaining function
64.When the sacculus is acoustically acoustically[?'ku?st?k?l?]adv.听觉上；声学上
stimulated,according to Todd_____
A.functional balance will be maintained in the ear
B.pleasure will be aroused aroused唤醒|引起|激昂
C.decibel decibel['des?bel]n.分贝will shoot up
D.hearing will occur
65.What is the passage mainly about?
A.The human ear does more than hearing than expcted.
B.Dancing is capable of be capable ofv.能够|有能力|有做出倾向的heighten the sensation sensation[sen'se??(?)n]
n.感觉；轰动；感动|灵感of hearing
C.Loud music stimulates the inner ear and generates generate产生|生成|引起the urge to dance
D.The human inner ear does more to help hear than to help maintain balance.
passage2
1.Have you switch off switch off（用开关）关掉；切断（电源your compter?How about your television?Your video?Your CD player?And even your coffee percolator?coffee percolator 渗滤咖啡壶Really switched them off,not just pressed the button on some conrtol panel panel ['p?n(?)l]n.仪表板；嵌板；座谈小组，全体陪审员vt.嵌镶板and left your machine with a telltale telltale['telte?l]n.迹象；指示器；搬弄是非者adj.报警的；泄密的；搬弄是非的bright red light warning you that it is ready to jump back to跳回来life at your command?jump back to life起死回生的
2.Because if you haven’t,you are one of the guilty guilty['g?lt?]adj.有罪的；内疚的people who help pollute the planet.It does’t matter if you’ve joined the neighborhood recycling scheme,scheme[ski?m]n.计划；组合；体制；诡计vi.搞阴谋；拟订计划vt.计划；策划conscientiously conscientiously[k?n?i'en??sli]adv.良心上|切实|认真地conscientious [,k?n??'en??s]adj.认真的；尽责的；本着良心的；小心谨慎的sorted your garbage and avoided driving to work.You still can’t sleep easy while just one of those little red lights is glowing in the dark.
3.The awful awful['??f?l]adj可怕的；极坏的；使人敬畏的同义词：atrocious,abominable,dreadful,painful,terrible,unspeakable truth is that household and office electrical appliances electrical appliances日用电器；电气制品电器学|电器|电器用品left on stand-by mode are gobbling up gobble up狼吞虎咽；贪婪地抓住gobble['g?b(?)l]n.火鸡叫声vt.狼吞虎咽vi.贪食；咯咯叫energy,even though even though虽然，即使they are doing absolutely nothing.Some electronic products electronic products电子产品|电子类产品|电子产品月刊-----such as CD players----can use almost as much energy on stand-by stand-by adj.备用的；辅助的n.备用；备用设备等待|待命|候补旅客as they do when running.Others may use a lot less,but as your video player spend far more hours on stand-by than playing anything,the wastage wastage['we?st?d?]n.损耗；消瘦；衰老|损失|消耗量soon adds up.
4.In the US.alone,idle idle['a?d(?)l]adj.闲置的；懒惰的；停顿的vt.虚度；使空转vi.无所事事；虚度；空转electronic devices consume enough energy to power cities with the
energy needs of Chicago or London----costing consumers around＄1billion a year.Power stations fill the atmosphere with carbon dioxide just to do absolutely nothing.
5.Thoughtless thoughtless['θ??tl?s]adj.轻率的；欠考虑的；考虑不周的；不顾及他人的design is partly partly['pɑ?tl?adv.部分地；在一定程度上responseble for the waste.But manufactures manufacture[m?nj?'f?kt??]n.制造；产品；制造业vt.制造；加工；捏造vi.制造制造商only get away with desinging products that waste energy this way because consumers are not sensitive enough to the issue,indeed,while recycling has caught the public imagination,imagination[?,m?d??'ne??(?)n]n.[心理]想象力；空想；幻想物reducing waste has attracted much less attention.
6.But“source reduction”,source reduction在污染源减低|在污染源减少|源头减量as the garbage experts like to call the art of not using what you don’t need to use,offers offers.n.提议；出价；试图（offer的复数）；求婚v.提供；试图（offer的三单形式）；求婚enormous enormous[?'n??m?s adj.庞大的，巨大的；凶暴的，极恶的potential for reducing waste of all kinds.of all kinds各种各样的With a little intelligent shopping明智的购物,you can cut waste long before1.before long不久，很快。2.long before(1)老早，早就(单独使用，表示比过去某时早得多的时间)。(2)在……的很久以前，在还没有……的很久以前you reach the end of the chain.
7.Packaging packaging['p?k?d???]n.包装；包装业，包装风格v.包装（package的ing形式）包装方法remains the big villain.villain['v?l?n]n.坏人，恶棍；戏剧、小说中的反派角色；顽童；罪犯violin[va??'l?n;'va??l?n]n.小提琴；小提琴手One of the hidden consequences consequences['kɑns?,kw?ns?z]n.后果，结果；影响（consequence的复数）of buying products grown or made all around the world,rather than produced locally,locally ['l??k?l?]adv.局部地；在本地|局部给药is the huge amount of packaging.To help cut the waste and encourage intelligent manufacturers the simplest simplest['s?mpl?st]adj.最简单的，单纯的trick trick[tr?k]n.诡计；恶作剧；窍门；花招；骗局；欺诈adj.特技的；欺诈
的；有决窍的vt.欺骗；哄骗；装饰；打扮vi.哄骗；戏弄is to look for ultra-light adj.超
轻型的package.
8.The same arguments apply to apply to适用于；应用于the very light but strong plastic bottles that are replacing heavier glass alternatives,alternatives n.替代选择（alternative的复数）；可供选择的事物，替代品|替补队员|可选方案thin-walled thin-walled adj.薄壁的aluminum cans,and cartons made of composites c omposites[k?m'p?uzit]n.复合材料（composite的复数）；复合体；菊科植物v.使合成；使混合（composite的三单形式）that wrap up wrap up包裹；圆满完成；（使）穿得暖和；注意力完全集中于……anything drinkable in an ultra-light package.
There are hundreds of other tricks tricks[triks]n.技巧，诀窍；骗局（trick的复数形式）v.欺骗（trick的第三人称单数形式）you can discuss with colleagues while gathering around gather around簇拥，聚集在the proverbial proverbial[pr?'v??b??l]adj.谚语的；众所周知的；谚语式的water cooler water cooler:饮水机|水冷却器|饮水机—filling up, fill up['fil?p]填补；装满；堵塞naturally,your own mug mug[m?g]n.杯子；脸；苦读者vt.行凶抢劫vi.扮鬼脸，做怪相rather than a disposable plastic cup.But you don’t need to go as far as one website which tells you how to give your friends unwrapped unwrapped [?n'r?pt]adj.解缠的，非包装|绮丽人生|解囊相助v.打开（unwrap的过去分词）Christmas presents.There are limits to limit to:限制|限于|限制条件source correctness.
66.Fron the first two paragraphs,the author implies that______
A.hi-tech has made life easy everywhere
B.nobody seems to be innocent in polluting the planet
C.recycling can potentially control environmental deterioration environmental deterioration:环境恶化|生态恶化|环境损失
D.everybody is joining the global battle against pollution in one way or another in one way or another:用这样或那样的方式|以某种方式|不管怎样
67.The waste caused by household and office electrical appliances on stand-by mode seems to_____
A.be a long-standing long-standing['l??st?di?]adj.长期存在的；存在已久的indoor
problem
B.cause nothing but trouble
C.get exaggerated exaggerated[?g'z?d??'ret?d]adj.夸张的，言过其实的v.夸
张，夸大（exaggerate的过去式
D.go unnoticed
68.By idle electronic devices,the author means those appliances_____
A.left on stand-by mode
B.filling the atmosphere with carbon dioxide二氧化碳
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f99754705.html,ed by those who are mot energy-conscious energy-conscious能源敏感|能耗敏感
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f99754705.html,ed by those whose words spesk louder than actions Actions speak louder than words:
事实胜于雄辩|行动胜于空谈|行动比言语更有说服力
69.Ultra-light packaging______
A.is expected to reduce American waste by one-third
B.is an illustration of what is called“source reduction”源头削减
C.can make both manufacturers and consumers intelligent make....sb...intelligent
D.is a villain of what the garbage experts call“source reduction”
70.The conclusion conclusion[k?n'klu??(?)n]n.结论；结局；推论the author is trying to draw is that______
A.one person cannot win the battle against pollution
B.anybody can pick up pick up捡起；获得；收拾；不费力地学会tricks of environmental protection on the web
C.noybody can be absolutely right in all the tricks of environmental protection
D.anybody can present present['prez(?)nt]vt.提出；介绍；呈现；赠送vi.举枪瞄准adj.现在的；出席的n.现在；礼物；瞄准
or learn a trick of cutting down what is not needed
passage3
1.You can have too much of a good thing,it seems---at least when it comes to physiotherapy
physiotherapy[,f?z??(?)'θer?p?]n.物理疗法after a stroke.stroke[str??k]n.（游泳或划船的）划；中风；（打、击等的）一下；冲程；（成功的）举动；尝试；轻抚vt.（用笔等）画；轻抚；轻挪；敲击；划尾桨；划掉；（打字时）击打键盘vi.击球；作尾桨手，指挥划桨；Many doctors believe that it is the key to recovery:exercising a partially partially ['pɑ??(?)l?]adv.部分地；偏袒地paralyzed limb can help the brain“rewire”rewire[ri?'wa??]vt.给…再打电报；给…换新电线vi.再发电报；重装电线itself and replace replace[r?'ple?s]vt.取代，代替；替换，更换；归还，偿还；把…放回原处neural connections destroyed by a clot clot[kl?t]n.[生理]凝块vi.凝结vt.使凝结成块in the brain.
2.But the latest animal experiments suggest that too much exercise too soon after a brain injury can make the damage worse.“It’s something that clinicians clinician[kl?'n??n]n.临床医师|临床医生|临床教师are not aware of,aware of意识到，知道
”says Timothy Schallert of the University at Austin,who led the research.
3.In some trials,trials n.尝试，努力；审判；考验；顿顽（trial的复数）stroke victims asked to put their good arm in a sling[sl??]n.[机]吊索；投石器；抛掷,悬带vt.用投石器投掷；吊起sling---to force them to use their partially paralyzed limb---had made much better recoveries than those who used their good arm.But these patients were treated many months after their strokes.Earlier intervention,earlier intervention:早期干预intervene[?nt?'vi?n]vi.干涉；调停；插入Schallert reasoned,reasoned['riznd]v.说服；推断（reason的过去分词）adj.详尽论述的；理由充分的；合乎逻辑的,理由充分的should lead to even more dramatic dramatic[dr?'m?t?k]adj.戏剧的；引人注目的；激动人心的improvements.
4.To test this theory,theory['θ??r?]n.理论；原理；学说；推测Schallert and his colleagues placed tiny casts on the good forelimbs forelimb['f??l?m]n.前肢；前翼of rats for two weeks immediately after they were given a small brain injury that partially paralyzed one forelimb.Several weeks later,the researchers were astonished astonish[?'st?n??]vt.使惊讶to find that brain tissue surruouding the original injury had also died.“The size of the injury doubled. It’s very dramatic effect.”dramatic effect:惊人的效果|戏剧效果|戏剧性says Schallert.
5.Brain-injured rats that were not forced to overuse their partially paralyzed limbs showed no similar damage,and the casts did not cause a dramatic loss of brain tissue in animals that had not already suffered minor brain damage.In subsequent subsequent['s?bs?kw(?)nt]adj.后来的，随后的experiments,the researchers have found that the critical period for exercise-induced damage in rats is the first week after the initial the initial一开始/最初的|会话|初始brain injury.
6.The spreading brain damage witnessed by Schaller’s team was probably caused by the release of glutamate,glutamate['glu?t?me?t]n.[生化]谷氨酸盐；[生化]谷氨酸酯a neurotransmitter,neurotransmitter[,nj??r??tr?nz'm?t?]n.[生理]神经递质；[生理]神经传递素from brain cells stimulated during limb movement.At high doses,glutamate is toxic even to healthy nerve cells.And Schallert believes that a brain injury makes neighboring cells unusually susceptible susceptible[s?'sept?b(?)l]adj.易受影响的；易感动的；容许…的n.易得病的人susceptibility[s?,sept?'b?l?t?]n.敏感性；感情；磁化系数,易感性to the neurotransmitter’s toxic effects.
7.Randolph Nudo of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,who studies brain injury in primates,primate['pra?me?t;-m?t]n.大主教；灵长类的动物；首领adj.灵长目动物的；首要的agrees that glutamate is the most likely culprit.culprit n.犯人，罪犯；被控犯罪的人In experiments with squirrel monkeys suffering from stroke-like damage,Nudo tried
beginning rehabilitation within five days of injury.Although让步状语从句后面可不读the treatment was bebeficial in the long run,从长远来看=in the long term，Nudo noticed an initial worsening worsening['w??s?n??]n.恶化；变坏v.恶化（worsen的ing形式）；使变得更坏adj.日益恶化的of the paralysis that might also have been due to brain damage brought on by exercise.
8.Schallert stresses n.压力；强调；紧张；重要性；重读vt.强调；使紧张；加压力于；用重音读=emphasize/tension/highlight that mild exercise is likely to be beneficial however soon it begins.He adds that it is unclear whether human victims of strokes,like brain-injured rats,could make their problems worse by exercising too vigorously,vigorously ['v?g(?)r?sl?]adv.精神旺盛地，活泼地too soon.
9.Some clinics do encourage patients to begin physiotherapy within a few weeks of suffering a traumatic head injury or stroke,says David Hovda,director of brain injury research at the University of California,Los Angeles.But even if even if即使；虽然humans do have a similar period of vulnerability vulnerability[,v?ln?r?'b?l?t?]n.易损性；弱点vulnerable adj.易受攻击的，易受…的攻击；易受伤害的；有弱点的to rat,he speculates that speculate['spekj?le?t] vi.推测；投机；思索vt.推断it might be possible to use drugs to block the effects of glutamate.
71.Schallert issued a warning to those who____
A.believe in the possibility of rewiring the brain
B.are ignorant be ignorant of v.不知道，不了解of physiotherapy in the clinic
C.add exercise to partially paralyzed limbs
D.are on the verge of on the verge of:接近于|濒于|濒临于a stroke
72.Which of the following is Schallert’s hypothesis hypothesis[ha?'p?θ?s?s]n.假设|假说|假说for his investigation.?
A.Earlier intervention早期干预should lead to even more dramatic improvements.
B.The critical period critical period:关键期|临界期|关键时期critical adj.鉴定的：【核】临界的；批评的；爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的；评论的for braim damage is one week after injury.
C.A partially paralyzed limb can cause brain damages
D.Physiotherapy is the key to brain recovery.
73.The results from Schallert’s research____
A.reinforced reinforced[ri??n'f??st]v.加强；增援（过去分词）adj.加固的；加强的；加筋的the singificance of physiotherapy after a stroke
B.indicated indicated['?nd?,ke?t?d]v.表明（indicate的过去分词）；指出；显示adj.表明的；指示的|结果表明|控制the fault with his experiment design
C.turned out the oppsite
D.verified verify['ver?fa?]vt.核实；查证，证明his hypothesis
74.The results made Schallert’s team aware of aware of:意识到|知道|觉得the fact that____
A.glutamate can have toxic efforts on healthy nerve cells
B.exercise can boost the release of glutamate
C.glutamate is a neurotransmitter
D.all of the above
75.Schallert would probably advise clinicians____
A.to administer drugs给药to blick the effects of glutamate
B.to be watchful watchful['w?t?f?l;-f(?)l]adj.注意的；警惕的；警醒的of the amount of
exercise for stroke victims
C.to prescribe[pr?'skra?b]vt.规定；开处方vi.规定；开药方vigorous exercise to stroke
vivtims one week after injury
D.to reconsider reconsider[ri?k?n's?d?]vt.重新考虑；重新审议vi.重新考虑the
significance significance[s?g'n?f?k(?)ns]n.意义；重要性；意思of phusiotherapy to brain damage
Pssage Four
1.Our understanding of cities in anything more than anything more than:不仅仅是casual
terms usually starts with observations observation n.观察，观察值；观察结果of their spatial form spatial form:空间形态|空间形式|空间表象and structure at some point or cross-section cross-section[,kr?s's?k??n]n.横截面；横断面in time.This is easiest way to begin,for it is hard to assemble data assemble data:汇集数据on how cities change through time,and,in any case,in any case:无论如何|不管怎样|总之。our perceptions perceptions n.认知；观念；理解:认知|知觉|看法often betray betray[b?'tre?]vt.背叛；出卖；泄露（秘
密）；露出…迹象us into thinking of spatial structures as being resilient resilient[r?'z?l??nt] adj.有回弹力的|有弹性的|有弹力and long lasting.Even where physical change is very rapid,this only has an impact on us when we visit such places infrequently,infrequently [in'fri:kw?ntli]adv.稀少地|很少发生地|不经常的after years away.Most of our urban theory,城市理论whether it emanates from emanate from.放射；发源于；出自the social sciences or engineering,is structured structured['str?kt??d]adj.有结构的；有组织的.v.组织；构成（structure的过去分词）；建造around the notion notion['n???(?)n]n.概念；见
解；打算that spatial and social structures change slowly,and are sufficiently su fficient [s?'f??(?)nt]adj.足够的；充分的inert inert[?'n??t]adj.[化学]惰性的；呆滞的；迟缓的；无效的不适泼的for us to inter-reasonable explanations from cross-sectional studies.cross-sectional studies:横向研究|横断面调查|横断面研究
2.In recent years,these assumptions assumptions n.假定，设想have come to be challenged,and in previous editorials editorial[ed?'t??r??l]n.社论adj.编辑的；社论的I have argued the need for a more temporal t emporal['temp(?)r(?)l]adj.暂时的；当时的；现世的n.世间万物；暂存的事物emphasis to our theories and models,where the emphasis is no longer不再/已不/不复存在/再也不on equilibrium equilibrium n.均衡；平静；保持平衡的能力but on the intrinsic dynamics intrinsic dynamics:内在动态of urban change.Even these views,however,imply a conventional wisdom conventional wisdom:传统智慧|世间慧|常规智慧where the real focus of urban studies is on processes on process:关于进程|加工过程that lead to comparatively comparatively[k?m'p?r?t?vl?]adv.比较地；相当地slow changes in urban organization,where
the functions determining determine[d?'t??m?n]v.（使）下决心，（使）做出决定vt.决定，确定；判定，判决；限定vi.确定；决定；判决，终止；[主用于法律]了结，终止，结束such change are very largely routine,accomplished over months or years,rather than any lesser cycle of time.There is a tacit tacit['t?s?t]adj.缄默的；不言而喻的；心照不宣的；默许的assumption that longer term change subsumes subsume[s?b'sju?m]vt.把……归入；把……包括在内routine change on a day-to-day or hour-basis,which is seen as simply supporting the fixed spatial infrastructures that we perceive cities to be built around.Transportation modeling,Transportation Model:运输模型|运输表法|交通模型for example,is fashioned from thes standpoint standpoint ['st?n(d)p??nt]n.立场|观点|立足点in that routine trip-making behavior is the focus of study,its explanation being central to the notion that sapatial structures are inert inert[?'n??t]adj.[化学]惰性的；呆滞的；迟缓的；无效的and long lasting.
76.We,according to the passage,tend to observe cities
A.chronologically chronologically[kr?n?'l?d?ikli]adv.按年代地|从历史上|按年
代顺序排
B.longitudinally longitudinally[l?:?d?i'tju:din?li]adv.长度上，经向；经度上，
纵向的|纵向|纵向地
C.sporadically sporadically[sp?'r?dik?li]adv.零星地；偶发地
D.horizontally horizontally[,h?ri'z?ntli]adv.水平地；地平地
77.we think about a city as____
A.a spatial event spatial event:空间事件
B.a symbolical world symbolical[sim'b?lik?l]adj.象征的；符号的
C.a social environment社会环境
D.an interrelated system interrelated[,?nt?r?'le?t?d]adj.相关的|相互联系|有互相关
系的
78.Cross-sectional studies cross-sectional studies:横向研究|横断面调查|横断面研究show
that cities____
A.are structured in three dimensions three dimensions:三维|立体化|三维度
B.are transformed rapidly in any aspect在任何方面
C.are resilient and long lasting througy time
D.change slowly in spatial and social structrues
79.The author is drawing our attention to____
A.the equilibrium of urban spatial structures
B.the intrinsic dynamics of urban change
C.the fixed spatial infrastructure
D.all of the above
80.The conventional notion,the aurhor contends,____contend[k?n'tend]vi.竞争；奋斗；斗
争；争论vt.主张；为...斗争
A.presents the inherent nature of a city
B.underlies underlie[?nd?'la?]vt.强调，成为……的基础；位于……之下the fixed spatial
infrastructures
C.places an emphasis on lesser cycles of time
D.hinders hinder['h?nd?]vt.阻碍；打扰adj.后面的vi.成为阻碍the physical change of urban structure
Passane five
1.When it is sunny in June,my father gets in get in进入；到达；陷入；收获his first cutting of hay干草.He starts on the creek；creek[kri?k]n.小溪；小湾meadows,草地which are flat,sandy,and hot.They are his driest land.This year,vacationing from my medical practice,I returned to Vermont to help with the haying.
2.The heft of a bale through my leather gloves leather gloves皮手套，皮制手套is familiar:the tautness tautness['t?:tnis]n.拉紧；紧固度of the twine,twine[twa?n]n.麻线；细绳；搓；合股线vt.使缠绕；使交织；编饰vi.缠绕；搓；交织；编饰
the heave of the bale,the sweat rivers that run through the hay chaff on my arms.This work has the smell of sweet grass and breeze.I walk behind the chug and clack of the baler,baler['beil?]n.直送捆条机|打包机|捆扎机moving the bales into piles so my brother can do the real work实际工作of picking them up later.As hot as the air is,my face is hotter.I am surprised at how soon I get tired.I take a break take a break:休息一下|休息了一会儿|休息一会and sit in the shade,in the shade:在阴凉处|在荫凉处|在树阴下watching my father bale,trying not to think about how old he is,how the heat affects his heart,what might happen.
3.This is not my usual work,of course.My usual work is to sit with patients and listen to them.Occasionally occasionally[??ke??n?li]adv.偶尔|不定期|偶然地I touch them,and i am glad that my hands are soft.I don’t think my patients would like farmer callouses callous ['k?l?s]adj.胼胝状的；硬结的，变硬的；起老茧的vt.,vi.(使)硬结，(使)变硬；(使)无感觉，(使)麻木and dirty hands on their tender spots.tender spot:起泡|压痛点Reluctantly reluctantly[r?'l?kt?ntl?]adv.不情愿地；I feel for lumps lump[l?mp]n.块，块状；肿块；瘤；很多；笨人adj.成团的；总共的vt.混在一起；使成块状；忍耐；笨重地移动vi.结块adv.很；非常in breasts and testicles,testicles['testik?lz]n.[解剖]睾丸（testicle的复数）hidden swellings swelling['swel??]v.肿胀；膨胀；增多；趾高气扬（swell的ing形式）n.肿胀；膨胀；增大；涨水adj.膨胀的；肿大的；突起的of organs and joints,and probe probe[pr??b]vi.调查；探测vt.探查；用探针探测n.探针；调查all the painful places in my patients’lives.There are many,Perhaps I am too soft,could stand callouses of a different sort.
4.I feel heavy after a day’s work,as if my patients were inside me,letting me carry them.I don’t mean to.不想这样.But where do I put their stories?The childhood beatings,ulcers from stress,incapacitating incapacitate[,?nk?'p?s?te?t]vt.使无能力；使不能；使不适于depression,depression[d?'pre?(?)n]n.沮丧；洼地；不景气；忧愁fears,illness?These are not my experiences,yet I feel them and carry them with me.Try to find healthier meanings,I spent the week before vacation crying.
5.The hay field is getting organized.Piles of three and four bales are scattered scatter ['sk?t?]n.分散；散播，撒播vt.使散射；使散开，使分散；使散播，使撒播vi.分散，散开；散射around the field.They will be easy to pick up.Dad climbs,tired and lame,from the tractor.I hand him a jar of=some ice water,and he looks with satisfaction on his job just done.I’ll stack stack[st?k]vt.使堆叠；把…堆积起来n.堆；堆叠vi.堆积，堆叠a few more bales
snd maybe drive the truck for my brother.My father will have some appreciative customers this winter,as he sells his bales of hay.
6.I’ve needed to feel this heaviness heaviness['hev?n?s]n.沉重；沉闷；笨拙；迟钝；忧伤in my muscles,the heat on my face.I am taunted taunt[t??nt]n.嘲弄；讥讽adj.很高的vt.奚落；逗弄by the simplicity朴素，简单of this work,the purpose purpose['p??p?s]n.目的；用途；意志vt.决心；企图；打算and results,the definite definite['def?n?t]adj.一定的；确切的boundaries of the fields,the dimensions维度of the bales,for illness is not defined定义，使确定by the boundaries of bodies;it spills into families,homes,schools,and my office,like hay tumbling over the edge of the cutter bar.I feel the rough stubble left in its wake.I need to remember the stories I’ve helped reshape,new meanings stacked against be stacked against靠着...堆放整齐;不利于
the despair of the despair of令…毫无办法的人(或物)；令…望尘莫及的人(或物)pain,I need to remember the smell of hay in June.
despair[d?'spe?]n.绝望；令人绝望的人或事vi.绝望，丧失信心
81.Which of the following is NOT true according to the story?
A.The muscular work in the field has an emotional impact on the narrator.narrator [n?'re?t?]n.叙述者；解说员
B.The narrator gets tired easily working in the field.
C.It is the first time for the narroator to do haying
D.The narrator is as physician
82.In retrospection,the narrator___retrospection[retr?(?)'spek?(?)n]n.回顾；反省，反思；追忆
A.feels guilty before his father and brother
B.defends his soft hands in a meaningful way
C.hates losing his muscular power before he knows it
D.is shamed for the farmer callouses he does not possess possess[p?'zes]vt.控制；使掌握；持有；迷住；拥有，具备
83.As a physician,the narrator is___
A.empathic empathic[em'p?θ?k]adj.移情作用的；神入的；富有同情心的
B.arrogant arrogant['?r?g(?)nt]adj.自大的，傲慢的
C.callous callous['k?l?s]vt.使冷酷无情；使硬结；使生茧n.硬皮；老茧adj.无情的；麻木的；硬结的；起老茧的vi.变得冷酷无情；结茧；变硬
D.fragile脆弱的，易碎的
84.His associations punctuate_____
association[?s??s?'e??(?)n;-??-]n.协会，联盟，社团；联合；联想
punctuate['p??(k)t??e?t;-tj?-]vt.不时打断；强调；加标点于vi.加标点
A.the similarities between medicine and agriculture
B.the simplicity of muscular work
C.the hardship of life everywhere
D.the nature of medical practice
85.The narrator would say that____
A.it can do physicians good to spend a vacation doing muscular work
B.everything is interlinked and anything can be anything
C.he is a shame to his father
D.his trip is worth it
Passage Six
1.Everyone has seen it happen,A colleague who has been excited,involved,and productive slowly begins to pull back,lose energy and interest,and becomes a shadow影子or his or her former self 原来的样子.Or,a person who has been a beacon of vision and idealism retreats into despair or cynicism.What happened?How does someone who is capable and committed become a person who functions minimally minimally['m?n?mli]adv.最低限度地；最低程度地and does not seem to care for the job or the people that work there?
2.Burnout is a chronic state of depleted depleted[di'plitid]adj.耗尽的；废弃的；贫化的v.使减少；弄空；耗尽…的资源（deplete的过去分词）energy,lack of commitment commitment[k?'m?tm(?)nt]n.承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身and involvement,involvement[?n'v?lvm(?)nt]n.牵连；包含；混乱；财政困难and continual frustration,often accompanied at work by physical symptoms,disability disability[d?s?'b?l?t?]n.残疾；无能；无资格；不利条件claims and performance problem.Job burnout is a crisis of spirit,spirit['sp?r?t]n.精神；心灵；情绪；志气；烈酒vt.鼓励；鼓舞；诱拐when work that was once exciting and meaningful becomes deadening.An organization’s most valuable resource---the energy,dedication奉献、献身,and creativity创造力、创造性of its employees---is often squandered squander['skw?nd?]vi.浪费；漂泊by a climate that limits or frustrates the pool of talent and energy available.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f99754705.html,der forms of burnout are a problem at every level in every type of work.The burned-out manager comes to work,but he brings a shell rather than a person.He experiences little satisfaction,and feels uninvolved,detached,and uncommitted to his work and co-workers.While he may be effective by external standards,he works far below his own level of productivity.The people around him are deeply affected by his attitude and energy level,and the whole community begins to suffer.
4.Burnout is a crisis of the spirit because people who burn out were once on fire.It’s especially scary…………….some of the most talented.If they can’t maintain their fire,others ask who can?Are these people lost forever,or can the inner flame be rekindled?People often feel that burnout just comes upon them and that they are helpless victims of it.Actually,the evidence is growing that there were ways for individuals to safeguard and renew their spirit,snd more important,there are ways for organizations to change conditions that lead to burnout.
86.The passage begins with____
A.a personal transition
B.a contrast between two types of people
C.a shift from conformity to individuality
D.a mysterious physical and mental state
87.Which of the following is related with the crisis of spirit?
A.Emotional exhaustion
B.Depersonalization
C.Reduced personal accomplishment
D.All of the above
88.Job burnout is a crisis of spirit,which will result in___
A.a personal problem
B.diminished productivity
C.an economic crisis in a country
D.a failure to establish a pool of talent and energy
89.Burnout can be___
A.fatal fatal['fe?t(?)l]adj.致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的
B.static static['st?t?k]n.静电；静电干扰adj.静态的；静电的；静力的
C.infectious infectious[?n'fek??s]adj.传染的；传染性的；易传染的
D.permanent permanent['p??m(?)n?nt]n.烫发（等于permanent wave）adj.永久的，永恒的；不变的
90.Those who are burned-out,according to the passage,are potentially able___
A.to find a quick fix
B.to restore what they have lost
C.to be aware of their status quo
D.to challenge their organization
2016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷完整版 注：本答案非旭晨考博网出，完整参考答案请及时关注《2017年旭晨医学考博英语一本通第11版》后续更新，将免费提供。 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear. 29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing. 30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way. Part II Vocabulary (10%) Section A Directions: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C
个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途 试卷一 I 听力 听力共分为三部分,三十道题,共三十分.第一部分(Section A>包括 十五个简短对话,对话后紧跟问题,主要是测试考生日常交流中地听 力理解能力；第二部分是三篇较长地文章,其中第二篇是一个较长地对话,每篇短文后都有五个问题.短文地内容涉及人文科学,自然科学,社会科学和日常生活,其中和医学有关地内容占40％左 右.b5E2RGbCAP 具体类型及应对策略 Section A 在听第一部分时主要是抓关键词,考生考试时往往很紧张,不一定每 个词都听懂,所以考生平时要注意听力方面地词汇积累和总结.对话 一般涉及：p1EanqFDPw 1．数字 数字类题包括时间、日期、年龄、价格、电话号码等.数字有地是可以直接从对话中听出,有地则需要通过计算才能得出答 案.DXDiTa9E3d 如： W: What time did yesterday's football game start? M: It's scheduled to start at a quarter to 3, but it is delayed 30 minutes due to the bad weather.RTCrpUDGiT
Q: When did the football game start? 1 / 18 个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途 A. 3:15. B. 3:45. C. 3:30. D. 3:55. 这道题需要简单地运算,这就需要考生不但要记住两个数字,而且还要弄清两个数字地关系.通过对话我们可以得知比赛本打算差一刻三点开始,但因天气不好推迟了三十分钟,所以比赛实际开始地时间是A. 3:15.5PCzVD7HxA 2．地点 地点类型一般包括医院、银行、学校、饭店、旅馆等.在特定地场合往往有特定地关键词,例如医院会有examination, X-ray,银行会有bank account, deposit, 学校会有campus, library, 饭店会有food, menu等.所以抓住关键词就等于题目作对了一多半.jLBHrnAILg 如： M: Would you prefer rice or a baked potato with that?xHAQX74J0X W: I'd prefer a baked potato. Q: Where are the man and the woman? A. In a hotel.
医学考博英语翻译习题 An AIDS Mystery Solved (1) About 15 years ago， a well-meaning man donated blood to the Red Cross in Sydney，Australia，not knowing he has been exposed to HIV-1，the virus that causes AIDS. Much later，public-health officials learned that some of the people who got transfusions? containing his blood had become infected with the same virus; presumably they were almost sure to die. But as six years stretched to 10，then to 14，the anxiety of health officials gave way to astonishment. Although two of the recipients have died from other causes，not one of the seven people known to have received transfusions of the man’s contaminated blood has come down with AIDS. More telling still，the donor，a sexually active homosexual，is also healthy. In fact his immune system remains as robust as if he had never tangled with HIV at all. What could explain such unexpected good fortune? (2) A team of Australian scientists has finally solved the mystery. The virus that the donor contracted and then passed on，the team reported last week in the journal Science. contains flaws in its genetic script that appear to have rendered it innocuous?. “Not only have the recipients and the donor not progressed to disease for 15 years，”marvels molecular biologist Nicholas Deacon of Australia’s Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Re-search，“but the prediction is that they never will.”Deacon speculates that this “impotent”HIV may even be a natural inoculant? that protects its carriers against more virulent strains? of the virus，much as infection with cowpox warded off smallpox in 18th-century milkmaids. (3) If this ______ proves right，it will mark a milestone in the battle to contain the late-20th century’s most terrible epidemic. For in addition to explaining why this small group of people infected with HIV has not become sick，the discovery of a viral strain that works like a vaccine would have far-reaching implications. “What these results suggest，”says Dr. Barney Graham of Tennessee’s Vanderbilt University，“is that HIV is vulnerable and that it is possible to stimulate effective immunity against it.” (4) The strain of HIV that popped up? in Sydney intrigues scientists because it contains striking abnormalities in a gene that is believed to stimulate viral duplication. In fact，the virus is missing so much of this particular gene —known as nef，for negative factor —that it is hard to imagine how the gene could perform any useful function. And sure enough，while the Sydney virus retains the ability to infect T cells —white blood cells that are critical to the immune system’s ability to ward off infection —it makes so few copies of itself that the most powerful molecular tools can barely detect its presence. Some of the infected Australians，for example，were found to carry as few as one or two copies of the virus for every 100000 T cells. People with AIDS，by contrast，are burdened with viral loads thousands of times higher. (5) At the very least，the nef gene offers an attractive target for drug developers. If its activity can be blocked，suggests Deacon，researchers might be able to hold the progression of disease at bay，even in people who have developed full-blown AIDS. The need for better AIDS-fighting drugs was underscored last week by the actions of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panel，which recommended speedy approval of two new AIDS drugs，including the first of a new class of compounds called protease? inhibitors?. Although FDA commissioner David Kessler was quick to praise the new drugs，neither medication can prevent or cure AIDS once it has taken hold.
2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear. 29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.
2018年全国医学考博英语试题.d o c
2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标 准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不 要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更 正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心
PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends.
2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心
PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends. D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.
2003 part II 31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someone in English. A.frustrated失败的, 落空的 B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的 C.approved被认可的 D.distracted心烦意乱的 32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all. A.promised https://www.doczj.com/doc/f99754705.html,mitted commit oneself to委身于，专心致志于 C.attributed attribute sth. to认为某事物是...的属性; 把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人)创造的 D.converted 33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan. A.in honor of B.in search of C.in place of D.in favor of 34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine against polio. A.accomplishment a girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘 Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 B.qualification admission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件 C.eminence win [reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人 D.patent 35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer. A.tailored B.administrated C.entailed vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用entail ... on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人 D.accustomed be accustomed to习惯于accustom oneself to使自己习惯于; 养成...的习惯 36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____ A.in circulation流通者;传播者 B.under consideration在考虑之中 C.on hand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手边;现有 D.at stake危如累卵, 危险 37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind. A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品 B.diet C.tasteful D.edible edible fat食用油脂 38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately. A.shown up揭露, 露出, 露面 B.piled up 堆积, 积累, 搁浅, 撞毁 C.put on D.taken on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行 39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers. A.irregular B.illiterate C.illegible难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal .违法的, 不合规定的 D.irrational 无理性的, 失去理性的 40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.
2013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解 试卷一（Paper One） Part I Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example. You will hear: Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint.
对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题答案 Section I Use of English 1、【答案】B concluded 【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。 2、【答案】A protective 【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。 （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) 3、【答案】C likewise 【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D 选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，而且。因此正确答案为C。 4、【答案】A indicator 【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。A 选项，表示指示器，指标。B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。
2016年全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案下 载版 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear.
对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题解析Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have__1___that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually___2___.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___of good health. Of even greater___5___is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined___6___body mass index, or BMI.BMI___7__body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between 25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese. （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) While such numerical standards seem9,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may be in poor11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players12as obese,though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a
国家医学考试中心2005年病理学（博士全国统考题） 一、简答题（20）： 1.肿瘤的定义，肿瘤与反应性增生的区别和联系。 2.乙性脑炎的镜下病理改变。 3.乳头状甲状腺癌的病理特点。 4.列举导致心、肺、肠、脑等坏死的疾病，及坏死类型。 二、论述题（40）： 1.举例五种肉芽肿性疾病，病理特点及具有诊断价值的病理改变。 2.原发性肺结核的病变特点、病理变化过程、预后。 3.病例分析：一个典型的慢性支气管炎--肺气肿--肺心病--合并上呼吸道感染--右心衰的病变过程，病理变化与临床表现的联系。 4.多在半年内可痊愈的肝炎，问其属于哪一型肝炎？结合病理特点，分析为何可在半年内痊愈？ 协和医科大学2005年血液内科（博士） 协和医科大学2005年血液内科（博士） 一、名词解释（30分）： APS、WAS、PRCA、HES、ALIP、LGLL、VOD、PV、TPO、MALT 二、填空（？分记不清了） 1.已发现与遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症相关的基因有（）（）（）（）。 2.WHO将MDS分为（）（）（）（）（）（）（）七类。 3.先天性再生障碍性贫血包括（）（）（）。 4.遗传球主要的分子病变涉及（）（）（）（）。 5.EPO在胚胎期由（）合成，成体则主要由（）合成。 6.WHO关于伴有重现性细胞遗传学异常的AML分类为（）（）（）（）。 7.国际多发性骨髓瘤工作组在MM新的分期标准中采用的两项客观指标为（）（）。 8.国际组织细胞协会将langerhans细胞组织细胞增多症分为单系统疾病和多系统疾病。其中单系统疾病中的单部位型有（）（）（），多部位型有（）（）。 9.诊断幼年型粒单细胞白血病的最低实验室标准有（）（）（）。 10.MYH-9相关性疾病包括（）（）（）（）（）。 11.VitK依赖的凝/抗凝因子包括（）（）（）（）（）（）（）。 12.Gaucher病分为（）（）（），Nieman-Pick病A/B型为（）缺乏所致，C型为（）缺乏所致。 13.Downey将传单患者异型淋巴分为（）（）（）。 14.B淋巴细胞在发育过程中首先表达的免疫球蛋白为（），其次为（）。 15.CD34基因在染色体体定位为（），相应的受体为（）。 16.Hodgdin's病的四种病理亚型为（）（）（）（）。
作文题目：学会呼吸能长寿。 生命离不开呼吸。人每分每秒都在进行呼吸运动，但你却未必呼吸得正确。英国一项研究显示，90%以上的成年人都不会有意识地调节呼吸。而据我国呼吸科专家统计，城市中一半以上人呼吸方式不正确，短浅的呼吸不仅让许多人大脑缺氧，容易疲惫，而且还容易诱发多种疾病！深呼吸的几大好处 那么，做腹式深呼吸有哪些好处呢？首先，深呼吸能防治呼吸系统疾病。常见的呼吸系统疾病包括慢性支气管炎、哮喘、肺气肿等。这些病人的肺部都处于无弹性和扩张状态，影响肺活量。而进行深呼吸，能逐步增大肌肉收缩力，有利于胸、肺的有效扩张，增强肋间肌活力，可以逐步恢复其弹性和肺活量，从而达到治疗和缓解病情的目的。 再次，深呼吸能帮助人们减压，缓解失眠症状。北京体育大学运动医学教授陆一帆表示，当人们主动调节呼吸的深度和频率，就能有效放松绷紧的神经，舒缓焦虑的心情。一些因为压力造成的颈部疼痛，通过瑜伽时的呼吸练习，疼痛感将会减弱。失眠的人也可用呼吸法来帮助入睡。通过降低呼吸节奏、平缓呼吸，能减轻失眠症状。 其次，深呼吸还可防治高血压。这是日本自治医科大学北村谕教授试验的一种深呼吸降血压法，其原理是人的肺部有被称为肺泡的小袋状物，大约有3亿个。在一般呼吸的情况下，只有其中的80％—90％能充分地工作，剩下的肺泡处于浪费状态。如果采用深呼吸，就可以使剩下的肺泡工作起来。当采用胸部深呼吸的时候，位于肺上部的肺泡开放；而在腹式深呼吸时，肺下部的肺泡也打开了。工作中所有的肺泡都在产生前列腺素，而且通过深呼吸还可使原来就在工作的80％—90％的肺泡产生比原来更多的前列腺素。这样，更多的前列腺素进入血管，从而使血管扩张，血压降低。每天早中晚三次，每次10分钟就有效果。 最重要的是，深呼吸能促进健康长寿。美国学者希尔在《从呼吸索取生命力》一文中指出：“有控制地深呼吸练习，可使大脑尽快消除疲劳，可以调节神经系统，使人轻松舒畅。深呼吸之所以有这样大的作用，在于正常人每次吸进与呼出的气体量只有400毫升—500毫升，而做一次最深的呼吸，男性可达到3500毫升，女性可达到2500毫升，相当于通常吸气的8倍，从而使生命获得大量的能源。” 如何学会正确呼吸 怎样才能学会正确呼吸呢？最关键的有两点，陆一帆指出，一是要缓和吸，也就是吸气的时候，要均匀缓慢，尽量深吸，让气体能充满肺泡；二是要用力吐，吐的干净，这样才能将废弃全部排出体外，保障交换的气体多一些。最科学的呼吸方法为：“吸——停（屏气10—20秒钟）——呼”的呼吸形式，可使副交感神经兴奋性增强，也可使肠鸣次数增加，有利于消化吸收，从而有益于健康长寿。 龙村修提倡的呼吸法，则是以深长的腹式呼吸为基础，逐步使肺、肋骨、横膈膜等肌肉群在呼吸时运动到最大幅度，让空气充满肺部的“全体呼吸法”。“刚开始虽要刻意练习，最终目标却是融入生活，各种姿势和动作都结合呼吸法去做。”龙村修表示，如此将更能掌握身体的力量和节奏，提高效率。例如用呼吸法攀登高山时，比较不会出现头痛等高山症状；打高尔夫挥杆能挥得更远。这种呼吸方法，在公车上、走路时、工作间隙，或者对着公园的树都能练习。尤其面对突如其来的负面情境时，呼吸法更能适时调节身心、稳定情绪。