副词
副词的基本用法
(1) 修饰动词: He works hard. He speaks slowly.
(2) 修饰形容词: The flower is very beautiful.
(3) 修饰其他副词: He works very hard.
(4) 修饰名词: Even a child (or Even he) can do it.
(5) 修饰全句: Probably he will come back.
(6) 修饰副词子句: He started soon after we came.
一、时间副词
1. 常见的时间副词
常见的时间副词有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。
2. 时间副词在句中的位置
(1) 表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末，有时也位于句首：
He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。
而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：
He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris. 最近他去了巴黎。
(2) still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：
He’s just left for school. 他刚刚去学校。
I have already finished my work. 我已经做完了工作。
当要表示强调时，still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：
She was still [still was] beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了40岁仍然很美。
I already have told him about it. 我已经把情况告诉他了。
still若用于否定句，则总是位于助动词之前：
I still don’t understand what you mean. 我还是不明白你的意思。
另外，still 和already 还可位于句末，表示惊奇：
Are you on page one still? 你还在看第1页？[You are still on…..]
Is your mother back already? 你妈妈就已经回来了？[Your mother is already back.]
二、地点副词
1. 常见的地点副词
常见的地点副词有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。
2. 地点副词在句中的位置
地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前：
Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?
The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。
三、方式副词
1. 方式副词的特点
方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词，如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。
2. 方式副词在句中的位置
(1) 方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后：
He read the letter slowly. 他从容不迫地看了那封信。
方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间，除非动词后的宾语很长：
不可说：We like very much it. (应改为We like it very much.)
但可说：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们可以很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。
若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构，方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于“介词+宾语”之后，但是若该结构的宾语较长，则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前：
He looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me. 他好奇地打量着我。
He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane. 他好奇地打量着从飞机上走下来的每一个人。
(2) 方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：
He quickly got dressed. 他赶紧穿好衣服。
He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气，把信撕碎了。
(3) 有的方式副词(如bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化：
They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。
They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。
He answered the questions foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。
He foolishly answered the questions. 他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。
(4) 有的方式副词(如gently, quietly, slowly, suddenly 等)有时可位于句首，以达到某种戏剧性的效果(这主要见于书面语中)：
Suddenly, the driver started the engine. 突然地，司机启动了发动机。
四、频度副词
1. 频度副词的特点
频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。
2. 频度副词在句中的位置
频度副词通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后：
He often comes to see us. 他常来看我们。
He is seldom late for school. 他上学很少迟到。
【Seldom is he late for school.】
【Seldom had I met her when I was in china.】
有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：
She always was late. 她老是迟到。
有的频度副词可位于句末(尤其受very, only修饰时)：
I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。
We go out very seldom. 我们很少外出。
Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看电影吗?
有的频度副词(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首(此时多半是因为强调或对比)：
Sometimes he went there by bus. 有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。
Very often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。
【注】含有否定意义的频度副词置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序：
Never have I been there. 我从未去过那儿。
Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看电影。
另外，频度副词always 和never通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句：
Always remember this. 时刻记住这一点。
Never go out at night. 晚上千万不要出去。
3. 频度副词在否定句中的位置
在否定句中，有的频度副词可位于否定词not之后或之前(如usually, often)，有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后(如always, constantly, continually, continuously，均含有“连续不断”之意)，而有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词not之前(如sometimes, frequently)：
He doesn’t usually come here. / He usually doesn’t come here. 他通常不来这儿。
She doesn’t always come late. 她并非总是迟到。(不能说always doesn’t)
He is sometimes not responsible for what he does. 他有时对所做的事不负责任。
五、程度副词
1. 程度副词的特点
程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。
2. 程度副词的用法注意点
(1) 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等)：
Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。
This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。【注】quite 有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。(2) 有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词：
I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)
(3) 个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)：
It’s quite [rather] a good idea. / It’s a quite [rather] good idea. 那可真是个好主意。若此结构中没有形容词，则quite 和rather 则只能放在冠词之前：
It was quite [rather] a success. 那事相当成功。
六、连接副词
1. 连接副词的分类
连接副词可分为两类，一类是用于连接句子或从句，常见的有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等；另一类是用于引导从句或不定式，主要的有when, why, where, how 等。
2. 连接句子或从句的连接副词
其性质类似于并列连词，使用时其前通常用分号或句号；若其前用逗号，则通常带有并列连词(如and)：
I don’t like it; besides, it’s too expensive. 我不喜欢它，而且也太贵了。
We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. / We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
注意，有的连接副词(如however等)后通常有逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。另外，这类副词有的还可位于句中或句末：
He may, however, come later. 不过，他也许一会儿就到。
We all tried out best. We lost the game, however. 我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides. 彼特是我们最小的孩子，我们另外还有三个。
. 引导从句和不定式的连接副词
用于引导从句(名词性从句)或不定式的连接副词主要有when, why, where, how等：Tell me when we shall leave. / Tell me when to leave. 告诉我什么时候离开。
I don’t know how I can find him. / I don’t know how to find him. 我不知道如何找
到他。
Where we can get the money is just our problem. / Where to get the money is just our problem. 到哪里去弄这笔钱正是我们头痛的事。
That’s why he speaks English so well. 那就是他为什么英语讲得这么好的原因。
【注】连接副词why 后不能接不定式，如可说I don’t know why I must leave.(我不知道我为什么必须离开)，但不能说I don’t know why to leave。
七、关系副词
1. 关系副词的特点
关系副词用于引出定语从句，主要有when, where, why：
Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人上班的日子。That’s the reason why he dislikes me. 这就是他不喜欢我的原因。
Do you know a shop where I can find sandals? 你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗？
【注】关系副词用于引出定语从句，且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when 表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。
2. 使用关系副词的注意点
(1) how 不能用作关系副词，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于the way 后表示方式：
他说话就是那个样子。
误：This is the way how he spoke.
正：This is how he spoke. / This is the way (that, in which) he spoke.
(2) 关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语
从句，但why只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句，可用for which reason)。
Chinese like to copy everything, for which reason, they never won the Nobel Prize. (3) 引导定语从句时，when 的先行词为时间，where的先行词为地点，why的先行词为原因(主要是the reason)，但是反过来却不一定：
Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
This is the house (that) he bought recently. 这就是他最近买的那座房子。
Please tell me the reason (that) you know. 请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。
八、疑问副词
1. 疑问副词的特点
疑问副词有when, where, why, how 等，用于引出特殊疑问句：
Where do you come from? 你是哪里人？
When will it be ready? 这什么时候能准备好？
Why was she crying? 她刚才为什么哭？
2. 使用疑问副词的注意点
(1) 疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句，通常位于句首，但有时也不一定：
Without friends where are we? 没有朋友我们会怎样？
(2) 疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时，其后应接一般疑问句，但有时可有所省略：Why argue with him? 为什么要与跟他争吵？
Why not ask the teacher? / Why don’t you ask the teacher? 为什么不问问老师呢？
【注】Why 或Why not后接动词原形，不接带to不定式，主要用于现在或将来，不用于过去，如不说why not tell me yesterday?应改为Why didn’t you tell me yesterday?(昨天为什么不告诉我?)
(3) 有时两个疑问副词连用：
When and where were you born? 你生于何时何地？
九、句子副词
1. 句子副词的特点
句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词)，反映说话人的观点和看法，如actually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等。
2. 句子副词在句中的位置
句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首)：
Obviously he can’t tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别两者的不同。
I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我迟到了，幸而会议推迟了。但有些句子副词也可以出现在句中：
He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didn’t. 他发出狞笑，他显然知道一些我所不知道的事。
有的句子副词也可用作其他种类的副词，不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化：Clearly he didn’t say so. 显然他没有这样说。(句子副词)
He didn’t say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词)
Frankly, you are wrong. 说实在的，你错了。(句子副词)
He spoke frankly about his past life. 他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。(方式副词)
高中英语语法系列――形容词和副词 [知识梳理] 一、形容词的概念与用法 形容词(adjective)用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。它可在句中充当定语,修饰名词、代词;可以作表语或宾(主)语的补足语,表示主语或宾语的状态、特征;有时也可以作状语。如: This is a beautiful school.这是一所美丽的学校。(作定语,修饰名词school) I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事要告诉你们。(作定语,修饰不定代词something) Our school is beautiful.我们学校很美丽。(作表语) We’ll make our school more beautiful.我们要使我们的学校更美丽。(作宾补) Our school will be made more beautiful.我们的学校将会变得更美丽。(作主补) He got home late that night, hungry and tired.那天晚上他很迟才回来,又累又饿。(作状语) 二、副词的概念与用法
副词(adverb)用以修饰动词、形容词或其它副词。它在句中主要作状语,个别副词也可作表语、定语、或宾(主)语补足语。 He studies hard.他学习很努力。(作状语,修饰动词) I’m terribly sorry for being late. 非常抱歉,我迟到了。(作状语,修饰形容词) This coat fits him very well.这件上衣他穿着很合适。(作状语,修饰副词) The people here are kind to us.这里的人对我们很好。(作定语,修饰The people) When will you be back? 你什么时候回来?(作表语) 三、形容词与副词的转换 有的形容词加上ly后可转换成副词,规则如下: 注意:friendly, motherly, lovely等词虽然以ly结尾,但不是副词,而是形容词。 四、复合形容词 五、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成
一、选择题 1．We’ll meet kinds of difficulties in our lives in the future.We should learn to be ________any challenge! A．confident enough to take on B．active enough to take up C．enough careful to take up D．enough patient to take on 2．Jack sings _________ and he is a _________ singer(歌手). A．nice; good B．well; good C．good; well 3．—How often does he watch TV? —He watches TV. A．hard ever B．ever C．never 4．—Susan, someone is waiting for you on the phone. It_______ be your sister, but I’m not sure.— Oh, please tell her to call me_______ because I’m busy now. A．might; later B．must; later C．might; late D．must; late 5．________of the people here live on rice, and the people there live________on wheat. A．Mostly; mostly B．Most; mostly C．Mostly; most D．Most; most 6．Of the three boys over there, John sings English songs ________. A．more beautiful B．the most beautiful C．more beautifully D．the most beautifully 7．Food is important for our health. So we must keep our food ________ and cook it________. A．clean; proper B．cleanly; proper C．clean; properly D．cleanly; properly 8．—Every student likes Ms. Wang very much. —Yes. She________makes her lessons interesting. A．never B．always C．Sometime 9．—What do you think of Rose? —She’s a lazy girl. She ________ helps her mother do house work at home. A．never B．often C．always 10．Look after yourself and take care of your pet. A．well; well B．good; good C．well; good D．good; well 11．—Talking with my parents is _____________ difficult for me. They never understand me.—Don’t worry. Nothing is difficult if you try your best. A．seldom B．never C．always D．sometime 12．Tony ________ gets up early, so he is never late ________school. A．never; for B．never; to C．always; for D．always; to 13．—I can’t find my dog. —________ you can ask the policeman for help. A．Why not B．May be C．Shall D．Perhaps 14．—How was your trip to the British Museum?
on earth 与on the earth 的区别 on earth有三层含义和用法： 1.作“到底”或“究竟”解，置于what，when等疑问词之后，以加强问句的语气。例如： ①What on earth is it？这到底是什么东西？ ②Why on earth did you tell a lie？你究竟为什么要说谎？ 2.作“当今”或“世界上”解，用于最高级之后，以加强语气。例如： He said，“I'm the happiest man on earth．”他说：“我是世界上最幸福的人。” 3.用于否定词之后，作“一点儿也不”解，以加强否定的语气。例如： It's no use on earth．这一点儿也没有用。 He said，“Nothing on earth can change my mind．”他说：“无论什么也不能改变我的主意。” on the earth作“在地球上”解。例如： We live on the earth．我们生活在地球上。 aim to 与aim at 的区别 就“aim”这个词本身来讲，有两种词性，一种是动词“瞄准，对准，打算”等之意，另一种是名词“瞄准，目标，目的，意图”等之意。就短语来说， “aim to”是动词短语，“立志要做某事，打算做某事”等之意，后接动词原形， 而“aim at”也是一个动词短语，“瞄准，以……为目标，针对，追求”等意，其后主要接名词、代词、动名词。例如： Tom\'s son aims to be a famous writer. 汤姆的儿子立志要成为一名著名的作家。 He is aiming at the target carefully. 他正认真地瞄准目标。 dress, wear, put on, have on的区别 区别如下： 1. 从所接宾语来看：dress 要接“人”作宾语(不接“衣”作宾语)，而其余的则要接“衣”作宾语(而不接“人”作宾语)。
1.Noun Identify the uncountable nouns ? 1. Nouns that have no distinct, separate parts, we look as the whole (气、液、固体) ? 2. Nouns that have parts that are too small or insignificant to count (sand grass hair) ? 3. Nouns that are classes or categories of things (food, clothing, money) P49 ? 4. Nouns that are abstraction (life, work, music) ? 5. Subjects of study (history, math) 不可数变可数三大规律 ? 1. 物质名词(总称名词)若表示不同的种类，或者表示特定的意思，或者是液体名词表示“几杯”或“几瓶”这样的数量时。 ? 2. 抽象名词若是具体化，则可数。与此相反，可数转化为不可数。 ? 3. 当一个名词表示抽象、总称的概念，则为不可数，当一个名词表示具体、特定的事物，则为可数。 物质名词/总称名词变可数 ? 1. 总称名词具体化 ?A: Would you like a cake? ?B: No. I don’t like cake. ? 2. 物质名词变意思 ?I need some paper. / I bought a paper. ? 3. 液体物质名词表数量 ?Two beers and three coffees, please. 抽象名词变可数 ?Art (an art) / beauty (a beauty) / youth (a youth) ?Eg. 1. Youth is not a time of life. It is a state of mind. ? 2. When as a child I laughed and wept– time crept. ?When as a youth I dreamed and talked-time walked. 2Articles Specific reference--the ? 1. 特指是针对交际双方来说的 ? 2. 特指就是根据说话者和听话者共有的知识，或根据上下文，可以识别的事物。 ? 3. 说话者用the是想要听话者找到双方心中都知道的所知，而听话者一方“断定”或“还原”所指对象的方法有多种。 ? 1. Situational/cultural reference ?Eg. Albert Einstein, the famous physicist. ? 2. textual co-reference— ?anaphoric reference (前指）& ?cataphoric reference （后指 ? 1. general knowledge (the sun, the moon, the North Pole, the Equator, the universe, the Renaissance, the Pope 罗马教皇） ? 2. specific knowledge/ local use (let’s go to the library) ? 3. immediate situation (The roses are very beautiful. Can you find the page?）
形容词及副词 一、形容词 1.(1)作定语It’s a beautiful day today. 注意：形容词修饰something, anything, nothing等复合不定代词时要后置。 I have something important to tell you. 以a-开头的表状态的形容词（afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, unable, worth）要后置。He was the only man awake at that time. 2).作表语Don’t feel sad. Tasting good, this kind of cake sells well. 3).作宾补We must keep our classroom clean. 4).作状语The boy went to school, cold and hungry. 2.以ly结尾的形容词friendly lovely lively silly fatherly motherly weekly daily monthly yearly deadly lonely manly timely likely 3表倍数的几种句式 1)……倍数+as+形容词原级+as….. 2)……倍数+比较级+than………… 3)……倍数+the+名词（size/length / width / height /depth）+ of … 4) The +名词+ be + ….倍数+ what从句 5) The +名词+ be + ….倍数+ that/ those of …. Asia is four times as large as Europe.= Asia is four times larger than Europe.= Asia is four times the size of Europe. The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008. The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008. 4 形容词+ly变副词的规则 1）一般情况加-ly. quick---quickly brave---bravely immediate---immediately 2) 以“y”结尾的，且读音为/ i /，先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，如：happy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily easy---easily但是如果读音为/ ai /，直接加ly，如：dry-dryly; shy---shyly 3) 以le结尾，去e 加y: simple---simply gentle---gently comfortable---comfortably possible ---possibly probable ---probably terrible---terribly
形副语法笔记本节课可以总结概括为非常7+2 1．简单过比较级最高级一般原则：直去双改more 2．特殊原则：（涉及常见词多多少少，好好坏坏老远）结合P44 1进行练习3．句型 1 比较级+than 2 最高级+范围 3 one of +最高级+名词复数 4 the +比较级，the +比较级越…就越… the more, the better. 5 as+原级+as 和…一样对比否定句型（not as/so 原级as） 6 比较级and 比较级越来越…注意强调多音节的情况more and more beautiful. 7 比较级than any other 名词单数同范围= 比较级than the other 名词复数同 范围 注意比较区分：比较级than any 名词单数异范围 XM is taller than any other student in his class. = XM is taller than the other students in his class. 对比：XM is taller than any student in his sister’s class. 倍数表达法 倍数as 原as The house is three times as big as ours. 倍数-1 比较级than The house is twice bigger than ours. 倍数the 名词of The house is three times the size of ours. 补充常见名词（length, width, height, size, weight） 可以修饰比较级的程度副词
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
大学英语语法及练习 Last updated at 10:00 am on 25th December 2020
大学英语语法及练习 第一讲虚拟语气 I. 考点分析：分四级语法复习 虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式，用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况，以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。 虚拟语气是非常重要的语法考点。考查历届四级试题，我们发现与虚拟语气有关的考题每次至少2题，有时甚至3-4题。虚拟语气的考查要点有： 1. 虚拟语气的形式：分清虚拟时间和主从句的动词形式十分重要，因此我们把所有虚拟语气的不同类型列表归纳并进行对比，以便于同学们记忆掌握。
2. 要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。 例如：If I were invited, I would come. If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things. 3. if条件句中如谓语动词是were, had, should, could时，可以省略if, 把它们前置。
例如： Had my father a lot of money, he would send me abroad. Could I do it, I would surely do it. Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do?（万一黑死病再次出现，我们该怎么办） 4. 错综时间的条件句是难点，如99年1月第60题: If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn’t be smiling now.（从句用过去完成时，主句用现在进行时） 又如：If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night.(从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去)；If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟将来)； If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在) 5. 虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句，如： I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.(=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper before.); A true friend would have acted differently. (=A friend, if he had been true, would have acted differently.) 6. 注意介词短语 without, but for, in the absence等表示虚拟条件。
一、选择题 1．Han Han’s books are_______ written and sell______. A．good ; good B．good ; well C．well; well D．well ; good 2．—You’re going to Hong Kong. What are you doing_______? —I’m going sightseeing. It will be ________time in Hong Kong. A．to there; the first B．there; my first C．in there; my first D．there; my the first 3．Tony ________ gets up early, so he is never late ________school. A．never; for B．never; to C．always; for D．always; to 4．________of the people here live on rice, and the people there live________on wheat. A．Mostly; mostly B．Most; mostly C．Mostly; most D．Most; most 5．My grandpa stays________in a (an) ________house, but he doesn't feel________. A．alone; alone; lonely B．lonely; lonely; alone C．alone; lonely; alone D．alone; lonely; lonely 6．Of us all, Kangkang worked . A．hardest B．most hardly C．harder 7．My brother plays soccer . A．good B．well C．great 8．If you don’t work ________enough, I don’t think your dream will come ________. A．hardly;truly B．hard;true C．hardly;true 9．Look after yourself and take care of your pet. A．well; well B．good; good C．well; good D．good; well 10．My mother usually at 5:30 in the afternoon. A．get home B．get to home C．gets to home D．gets home 11．—Talking with my parents is _____________ difficult for me. They never understand me.—Don’t worry. Nothing is difficult if you try your best. A．seldom B．never C．always D．sometime 12．My sister is too young to_______herself_______. A．look at;good B．look like;well C．look after;good D．look after;well 13．“The new technology is so ________ used in the world!” said Mr. White surprisedly with his eyes wide open. A．wide B．widely C．heavy D．heavily 14．--What do you think of the football match? --Wonderful! The Chinese football team has never played __________. A．worse B．worst C．better D．best 15．—Remember, ________ you do your homework, ________ mistakes you will make.
【英语】英语语法副词归纳总结 一、单项选择副词 1．He wasn’t to lift the case. A．too strong B．enough strong C．strong enough D．so strong 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查enough的用法。句意：他没有力气提起箱子。此处enough“足够”是副词，修饰形容词时放在形容词后面。故选C。 2．The man should be excused because he caused the damage _______． A．deliberately B．unintentionally C．meaningfully D．determinedly 【答案】B 【解析】 句意为这个人应该被原谅，因为他是无意中造成了伤害。故选unintentionally无意地。 3．Instead of hiding behind walls, a defender sometimes must ________ engage and disable enemy forces before they strike. A．flexibly B．actively C．primitively D．conservatively 【答案】B 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. flexibly易曲地，柔软地；B. actively活跃地，积极地；C. primitively最初地，自学而成地；D. conservatively保存地，保守地；句意：守卫者有时必须在敌方部队攻击前________吸引火力并打倒他们，而不是躲在墙后面。只有选B表示“积极地吸引火力”符合语境。 4．Pollution has reached high level in some urban areas, which is quite worrying. A．disturbingly B．slightly C．exactly D．flexibly 【答案】A 【解析】考查副词。句意：在一些城市污染已经到了令人不安的程度，这是相当令人担忧的。根据后边which is quite worrying这是相当令人担忧的，可知前边污染已经达到了令人不安的程度。A令人不安地；B轻微地；C恰好地；D灵活地。故选A。 5．They gave mo ney to the old people’s home either _____ or through their companies. (安徽2015) A．legally B．sincerely
一、选择题 1．一I eat _______ vegetables and ________ meat than I did last year. 一That’s why you’re getting fatter. A．fewer…more B．more…less C．less…more D．many… much 2．The population of China is ___________ than that of Russia. And this makes the traffic in China ___________. A．much larger, more crowded B．much more, more crowdedly C．much larger, more crowdedly D．much more, more crowded 3．I looked at a few printers, and among them the one from China was ________ to use. A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest 4．It is_____to point at others with chopsticks during a meal in China． Yes．People will feel uncomfortable if you do so． A．traditional B．impolite C．common D．ancient 5．—Judy, what do you think of your junior high school life? —I think it is one of ______ periods in my life. A．wonderful B．the most wonderful C．more wonderful 6．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 7．With the development of modern science, it’s ________for us to g et information from all over the world. A．slower B．easier C．harder D．busier 8．The result is ________ worse than we thought! A．more B．even C．great D．much more 9．— What do you think of it? — Oh, I think it's that I have ever seen. A．one of most interesting movie B．one of the most interesting movie C．one of the most interesting movies D．one of most interesting movies 10．—To keep the kids , parents should put away the things like knives in the house. —I can’t agree more. A．tidy B．warm C．safe D．tall 11．The number of the students in our class is _______than _______in yours. A．bigger, that B．more, those C．smaller, the ones D．larger, it 12．You are doing great! I’ve never had ___________ answer before. A．better B．best C．a better D．the best 13．He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers and drink cola to keep fit. A．much B．more C．fewer D．less
三级语法考点归纳 一．虚拟语气 1. if 句中虚拟形式 if 引导的非真实条件句（纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大）： 条件从句主句 与现在相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do 与将来相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do 与过去相反 had done would/ should/ might/ could have done 例句 If we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time. If they hadn’t gone on vacation, their house wouldn’t have been broken (break) into. 2. 原形虚拟： a. 表命令、决定、要求、建议等词语之后的that-分句中，用动词原形。 suggest, demand, advise, propose, order, arrange, insist, command, require, request, desire …… that ＋(should) do 例如 He suggested that we should leave early. My suggestion is that we should tell him. b. It is (was) 形容词/名词that …… (should) do/ 例如 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first. 3. 一些句型中的虚拟形式：
一、选择题 1．My uncle doesn’t like fast food, so he _____eats it.. A．always B．often C．sometimes D．seldom 2．My sister is too young to_______herself_______. A．look at;good B．look like;well C．look after;good D．look after;well 3．Li Hua studies very_______ and her English is_______ in her class. A．hardly; good B．hardly; well C．hard; best D．hard; the best 4．—Sarah always asks “Where’s my mother?”. —After all (毕竟), she is _______ three years old. She needs mother. A．then B．always C．only 5．Food is important for our health. So we must keep our food ________ and cook it________. A．clean; proper B．cleanly; proper C．clean; properly D．cleanly; properly 6．My grandpa stays________in a (an) ________house, but he doesn't feel________. A．alone; alone; lonely B．lonely; lonely; alone C．alone; lonely; alone D．alone; lonely; lonely 7．Of us all, Kangkang worked . A．hardest B．most hardly C．harder 8．—What do you think of Rose? —She’s a lazy girl. She ________ helps her mother do housework at home. A．never B．often C．always 9．— Look! It is raining ______. —That’s right. The rain is too ______ to go shopping. A．heavily; heavy B．heavily; heavily C．heavy; heavy D．heavy; heavily 10．―What do you think of the TV show Readers hosted by Dong Qing? ―Wonderful! I think it is a meaningful TV show that many people like watching it. A．so; so B．so; such C．such; such D．such; so 11．—Would you like a glass of cola? —Thanks. But I ______ drink cola. I can’t stand its taste. A．usually B．never C．often D．always 12．—Our volleyball team achieved great success in the match again. —Wow ! Few could play ______, I think. A．better B．well C．worse D．badly 13．The poor woman lives _________.But she never feels ________. A．alone; lonely B．lonely; lonely C．alone; alone D．lonely; alone 14．My grandfather lives______ in a(an) _______ village but he never feels _________. A．lonely, alone, lonely B．alone, lonely, lonely C．alone, alone, lonely D．lonely, lonely, alone 15．— Is your home close to the school, Tom?
小学英语语法之副词集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
小学英语语法之副词 副词的意义：用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。如 Cars run fast.（副词修饰动词run) It is raining heavily outside.( 副词修饰动词rain) These candies are very delicious. (副词修饰形容词delicious) I can't work too quickly.( 副词修饰副词quickly) Luckily, Ms Black won the lottery.(副词luckily修饰全句） 副词的分类： 时间副词：today, tomorrow, yesterday, always, often, now, before 地点副词：here, there, down, up, down 方式副词：slowly, badly, hard, fast 程度副词：very, much, still, almost, too 疑问副词：why, what, where, when, how 副词的位置 1.副词修饰动词、动名词、名词时，通常放在被修饰动词的后面。 I’m working carefully. She is working hard. 2.副词修饰形容词、副词时，通常位于被修饰的词前。 The book is very interesting, I like it very much. She swims quickly enough.