阅读技巧---猜词题（最新的题目+最权威的北京市中考考法体现）by Jerry
I. 猜单词意思和短语的意思
1. 解释：
1) The teachers also say that iPads allow students to learn at their own pace: Some students might listen to a dialogue only once and understand it, so they can save time for doing other things. Other students, however, might need to listen to the same dialogue again and again to understand it. （2015年中考D）
A. According to their own timetable.
B. Without their teachers’ help
C. Because of their wonderful goals.
D. Against their parents’ hope.
2) The healthy materials and fairly reasonable prices of the products are appealing to Asian customers. More and more Asians start to use American-made chopsticks at their tables.（2015东城一模D）
A. normal
B. necessary
C. attractive
D. surprising
3) Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims（声称）as its own. （2005湖北高考）
A. A place where families of other species are not accepted.
B. A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice.
C. An area for which birds fight against each other.
D. An area which a bird considers to be its own .
表示解释关系的提示：
2. 逻辑：（转折，因果）
1) These observations showed a process called fact retrieval. Rather than using their fingers to count, or scrawling out equations（列算式）on a piece of paper, the students pulled the answers from memory. （2015海淀二模D）
A. picking out results by working together with their partners
B. trying out ways of dealing with problems by attending training
C. finding out answers based on practicing carefully and patiently
D. working out problems according to what they have remembered
2) Instead of considering working after school a hindrance, it should be looked at as real-world education. （2014年东城二模D）
A. something that encourages teens to study
B. something that helps teens improve study
C. something that prevents teens from study
D. something that makes teens lose interest in study
3) Some scientists believe that stripes may be an adaptation by zebras to defend themselves from the horseflies that follow zebras. The cooler temperature theory holds merit here too, since disease-carrying flies like it hot. （2015年西城一模C）
A. works well
B. sounds unreasonable
C. causes disagreement
D. needs supporting facts
4) In fact, it really annoys me when I see somebody has written nasty things about another person! （2015丰台一模D）
A. critical
B. private
C. unpleasant
D. impolite
表示转折关系的连词：
表因果关系的连词：
3. 并列/ 同义词/ 反义词
1) For 200 years, pessimists (people who believe that terrible things will happen in future) have had all the headlines---even though optimists have far more often been right.（2015朝阳一模D）
A. people who are brave enough to face anything terrible.
B. People who can always tell good things from bad ones.
C. People who have hopeful and happy feelings about life.
D. People who don’t easily believe what they’re told about.
2) Several days ago I had a business lunch with a man who showed objectionable table manners. My first feeling was to judge him as rude.
A. unbelievable
B. unforgettable
C. unacceptable
D. unreasonable
3) One of the biggest problems in our society today is obesity, and it’s not just a problem with adults. More and more kids are becoming overweight. （2015丰台二模D）
A. feeling very lonely
B. taking less exercise
C. having too much body fat
D. having too much pressure
4) However, in our increasingly technology-driven world, have we become addicted to technology? （2015东城二模C）
A. skillful at
B. interested in
C. dependent on
D. disappointed at
4. 构词法
We want this to be clearly communicated so customers are not misinterpreting the
information and wasting a lot of food.（2014丰台二模）
A. paying attention to
B. taking no notice of
C. making guesses about
D. having a wrong idea about
常见词缀：
1)前缀：（dis-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-, re-, co-, en）
猜出以下词语的意思
disorder incomplete
irreplaceable mislead
nonsense enrich
recall cooperate
2)后缀：(-less, -en, -fy, -ize, -ment, -tion, -ist, -ful, -ive, -ous, -able)
猜出以下词语的意思
breathless shorten
beautify generalize
progressively continuous
educationist adaptable
5. 指代
The researchers studied cultural differences in the understanding of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into different categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, angry. They compared how correctly people who took part in the research read those facial expressions by using their eye movements.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made more mistakes than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection（反射）of cultural difference in facial expressions.”
（2013年石景山初三毕业考试）
A. The researchers who took the study.
B. The mistakes made during the study.
C. The people who took part in the study.
D. The Easterners who made more mistakes.
指代题一定要往找提示。
II. 猜句子意思
1) All forms of entertainment are okay if we know what we’re doing. And more importantly, we have complete control over when entertainment comes to an end.（2015年西城一模D）
A. We can stop entertaining when we want to.
B. It’s more important to control our daily life.
C. Entertainment leads to the loss of self-control.
D. We need to learn about all forms of entertainment.
2) MrJaycox thinks that within five years, 3D printing technology could become more user friendly.
A. Make users’ life better.
B. Make friends with users.
C. Make 3D printers easy to use.
D. Use 3D printers to make money.
3) Depression crosses racial and socioeconomic lines. Anyone can suffer from it, and those that do are not “crazy” or “weak”. They have a serious yet highly treatable disease. （2013海淀第二学期期中考试）
A. there is a depression line between different groups and societies
B. people at a higher social position may tend to suffer from depression.
C. people who are living with depression could connect with each other.
D. anyone can get depression whatever their economic states and backgrounds are
上述方法+代入法
高考英语阅读理解九大猜词技巧 1.利用定义或解释(definition or explanation) Signal words: means, refers to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words,that is , that is to say, 定语从句…..etc. 举例： Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.(B) The word "pruning" means______ A. Regular cutting（修剪）of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain 2.利用普通常识和经验(common sense or experience) 举例： 1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today． "ocelot" means _________________(an endangered wild cat) 2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short. "adolescence" means___________(The period between childhood and adulthood) 3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive) Signal words：for example ，for instance，such as ，like，as---as，etc. 举例： The largest player –Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. (C) The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers 4.利用举例(from examples) Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlike, but，however, on the contrary, while,instead…ect. 举例： 1. The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）with the wind like feathers. 2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. 5.利用比较或对比(comparison or contrast) (1)Overwork may cause diseases. over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork“工作过度”。 (2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes. dis “不”+ satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。 6.利用构词法(Word formation)：前缀、后缀、复合、派生等 举例： 1. Is he intelligent or stupid? 2. Most women in Ghana--- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the
高中英语猜词题技巧整 理版 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】
1、定义或解释说明1. be called…3. means…4. be defined as… to We can feel acceleration, which is an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane. 1. the underlined word acceleration means _______. A. any kind of movement B. the movement of a plane C. a steady speed D. to make something mover faster 2、对比关系 1. but/however/yet/while… 2. otherwise/or/or else… 3. instead of though/as ◎ John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty. ◎If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the thing. (2008江苏卷，A篇) We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy(敌人). However, we can also take control of it and make it our ally. 56. The underlined word “ally” in Para. 3 most likely means somebody or something that is ______. A. your slave and serves you B. your supporter and helps you C. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you 3、因果关系 since/as/for/due to…therefore/thus/consequently……that/such…that ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. ◎ The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow(浅的).
一．阅读中的猜词技巧 阅读理解中不可避免地会遇到一些生词(有些是熟词生义)，疑难语句。遇到这些问题，我们可用下面几种方法解决： 技巧1：根据同义词或反义词来判断 如：Tom is lazy but his brother is industrious. 该句中but表示转折，就暗示了lazy和industrious是一对反义词，由此可知in dustrious 意为___________。 技巧2：根据定义和释义来推测 如：She is studying g lauc oma，a kind of disease on the eyes. 我们可能猜不出glaucoma的确切词义，但通过后面的解释可知道glaucoma_____________________。 技巧3：根据常识来推测 如：Water usually boils at 100 centigrade. 众所周知，水的沸点是100摄氏度，由此不难判断出centigrade的意思是____________________。 技巧4：运用构词法进行猜测 如：The colors of Hawaii in summer are unforgettable. forget意为“忘记”，un为否定前缀，因此unforgettable就是_____________________ 二．英语阅读中遇到长难句该如何理解 方法：只要找到句子主干即可。 要知道初中的五种简单句的构成 1. 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P)，如I am a student 主语通常由名词，人称代词的主格，动词不定式或者动名词充当；系动词可以是be的各种形式，也可以是look，feel，taste，smell，sound等；表语通常由名词充当，也可由形容词和名词性的物主代词充当。 2. 主语+不及物动词(S+V) 如He laughed. 不及物动词后不接宾语，但有时可以跟副词、介词短语等。 3. 主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O) 如: I am learning English. 及物动词后必须跟一个宾语，宾语可以由名词、人称代词的宾格、动词不定式或者动名词充当。 4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) 如：Mr Li told us an interesting story. 间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。 5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) 如：We must keep our school clean. 可以用作宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等。 英语阅读理解长难句分析练习姓名___________________
高中阅读理解猜词技巧 摘要：阅读理解在英语高考试题中占了很大的比重，是整个试题中分值最大的一部分。阅读理解水平的高低，是考试成败的关键。但就目前情况来看，大部分考生感觉比较难的部分就是阅读理解。而阅读英语材料时，影响阅读的速度和理解思路的最大障碍莫过于生词了。那么，如何解决生词这个拦路虎呢？猜词是阅读理解中理解生词的一个重要方法和手段，要使学生具备快速阅读的能力，就要有计划、有系统地培养学生猜词悟义的能力。本文就对高中阅读理解猜词技巧作一探究。 关键词：高中英语；阅读理解；猜词技巧 中图分类号：G632.0 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1992-7711（2016）05-0025 阅读理解在英语高考试题中占了很大的比重，是整个试题中分值最大的一部分。阅读理解水平的高低，是考试成败的关键。但就目前情况来看，大部分考生感觉比较难的部分就是阅读理解。而阅读英语材料时，影响阅读的速度和理解思路的最大障碍莫过于生词了。那么，如何解决生词这个拦路虎呢？猜词是阅读理解中理解生词的一个重要方法和手段，要使学生具备快速阅读的能力，就要有计划、有系统地培养学生猜词悟义的能力。
一、结合语境和上下文求索信息 语境是英语阅读的大环境，任何词汇离开了语境便没有了意义。把词汇放进语境中，词汇也变得活灵活现。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文语境，当短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或者是短语时，可借助上下文语境进行合乎逻辑的推测，从而猜测出词义，在上下文中寻找一些关键词，对生词的掌握有积极的作用。如： 1. If he thinks he can invite me out，he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him. A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken 根据I don’t like to be with him.我们感受到说话人的语气。我们不愿意跟他在一起，那么他要邀请我出去是不可能的，他就大错特错了。因此，答案是D。 2. A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.（五金店，从下文推出。） 3. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada，summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild， cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter，the temperature is usually above freezing.（温和的，上下文推出） 二、利用语法知识，把握一些连接词 我们可以利用句子的结构，判断所猜词的词性，甚至
高中英语阅读理解猜词题的解题技巧 摘要：本文针对高中阅读理解中的猜词题介绍了几种做题方法，并列举了一些实例进行了分析。 关键词：猜词题猜词义做题方法 在英语学习中，我们会遇到许多生词。这时，也不必立即翻阅字典。我们可以利用语境，根据前后词、句子、以及相关信息推测、判断生词的词义。 高中英语阅读理解题中，我们经常碰到猜测词义的题型。在做这类题时，我们可以利用以下一些方法： 一根据解释猜词义 在文章中，作者为了更好的表达思想，对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等要进行进一步的更明确的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，我们可以利用它们比较容易地猜出词义。 1、根据定义猜测词义 如果句子或段落是生词的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是词语的含义。例如：The rooster is the national emblem of France thanks to a wordplay: the Latin word meaning coq ,or rooster. rooster 其实是对coq解释，因此两者的意思都为cock。 2、根据同位语、定语猜测词义 虽然同位语、定语不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。例如，同位语in fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.此例中，我们不难看出an endangered wild cat是ocelot 的同位语，也不难看出ocelot的意思。在构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。又如Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day ,an extremely exciting horserace.从an exciting horserace ,towards the evening ,of the opening day 等判断，应该是首日的最后一场的压台戏出场了。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i.e. 等副词或短语出现。在定语从句There are not many factories in Orkney, just two distilleries which make whisky and a few small …中,根据从句which make whisky 可以判断distillery 是a place where wine is made。 3、根据举例猜测词义 恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如：his family took him ,as a boy,
高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧 Teaching Design Date: 2014—11—15 Topic: How to guess unknown words and expressions in reading comprehension. Students: Class 4 Grade 3 Teacher: Lai Ruiwen 一教学分析 1.教学内容简述 该课是一堂专项阅读训练课，具体介绍在高中英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧。“猜测词句意义”题型在高考阅读中占有一定的份量，每年的高考题中有2-3题，也就是每篇阅读基本上有1题，占了一定的份量。而我们学生在这方面的技能显得薄弱，猜词能力比较差，猜词没有具 体的系统的方法，因此，针对此题型的训练就显得很有必要。在必要时，做些语法分析， 通过词与词的关系，确定其词性；有时根据常识和生活经验或构词法知识，完全可以对那些从未见过的生词的词义作出正确的推测。做这种题时，特别要注意的是，对于那些我们 熟悉的词千万不要妄自、草率下结论，一定要结合上下文判断它在文中的意思。 2 教学对象分析 高三的学生到了高三下学期，积累了一定的词汇量，具备了一定的语篇分析能力，通过一定的练习，掌握了一些阅读理解解题技巧，但是学生普遍基础薄弱，句子分析能力差，不知道 联系上下文，阅读能力实属一般，很多同学甚至都是凭感觉在做题，并无系统的解题方法。 因而，希望通过此节课使学生的阅读理解能力有所提高。 二．教学目标分析 1. Knowledge and skills: (1)Enable Ss to know the basic questions patterns in NMET reading comprehension. (2)Help Ss basically know how to guess the word meaning in reading. (3)Help Ss improve some related reading skills. 2. Process and methods (1) 通过具体的例子引入这节课的话题，介绍其在高考中所占的比重和考查形式。使其重视 这一部分内容的学习。 （2）通过归纳总结的方式找出猜词题的解题技巧。教师强调重难点，最后再通过练习巩固 技巧。最终使得学生自己学会分析问题解决问题。 3 Emotional skills (1) Make Ss become more confident in Reading. (2) Enable Ss to enjoy reading. 三. Teaching emphasis and difficulties: Guess the word or expressions according to the context clues. 四Teaching methods: Summarizing, practicing, co—operation and interaction. 五：Teaching aids:
猜词题常用的设问形式： 1. According to…, The underlined word/phrase /sentence"..." in the second (third...) paragraph refers to (means) ____ 2. By saying "..." in the... paragraph, the author means that________ 3. In paragraph ..., "..." can be replaced by"________" 4. The meaning of "..." in Paragraph...is related to________ 5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to... (Paragraph...)? 6. What does “…” in the second paragraph stands for? 小结：通过观察以上的设问形式，表示猜测词义的常用提问标志词有- ________________________________________________ ____________________ Ⅲ猜测词义常用方法有：定义法、举例法、同义词或反义词法，因果法，常识经验法，构词法 【课内探究】In class 探究一、根据定义猜测词义[Definition and Explanation Clues 定义,解释] 定义法：一般通过定义、从句、同位语短语等来确定词义。需要解释的单词和短语大多是专有名词、生僻词或文中较重要的词。
With the development of information technology, it is getting increasingly mature, and gradually infiltrated into all kinds of industries. Network information-seeking is an important way for people to search information. However, as there is a mass of information on internet。 2007年高考备考阅读理解中的猜词技巧 1. The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution she was banished. A few members of the Senate opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping 2. The prisoner seemed to relax but actually he was thinking hard, while his hand moved so slowly that the movement was imperceptible. It was only when the keys accidentally fell from the table that the guard suddenly realized that the prisoner’s hand had almost reached them. A. hardly noticeable B. heavy-handed C. not capable of fast or immediate action D. a matter of habit 3. Mrs. Morga n’s son was intelligent and charming, but his continual extravagance made her wonder if she could continue to support him. Each month she was going deep into debt, attempting to pay for his expensive purchases. A. superior manner B. wastefulness or carelessness in spending money C. showing too great concern for current fashions D. insults to family or close friends 4. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl, while her sister was quite sedate. A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic 5. I wanted to stay in New York, but my friend tried to dissuade me. A. deceive B. frighten C. talk out of it D. accompany 6. Albert’s success after much effort and practice prove the value of persistence. A. time B. competition C. perseverance D. beginning again 7. He felt very lonely; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no
阅读理解中的猜词 阅读中遇到生词太正常了，不给你中文解释，说明要考你！今天我们讲一讲如何猜词，通 过几个简单例子大家感受一下。 例1：Depression crosses racial and socioeconomic lines. (2013 海淀一模阅读D 篇第一段) 本身就是一道猜词题，里面又有2 个生词“racial”和“socioeconomic”，很多同学比较“郁闷”。 我们来猜一下。“and”并列前后的单词至少你会一个，那么这个题的理解就有门了。短单词“racial”不好猜，所以我们看看“socioeconomic”。好像见过，又熟悉又陌生。这个词是有两个单词组成的，“socio”+“economic”。social（adj.）你学过的，socio 是它的名词，意思为“社会”，“economic”（adj.）表示“经济的”，那么这个词你就已经猜出来了，意思是“社会经济的”。在做阅读中，此时“racial”是什么意思已经不重要了，可以忽略。考完试以后在去查字典吧。 例2：We need to differentiate critical thinking and loudmouths. (2013 西城一模阅读 D 篇第四段) 这个句子里有两个你似乎认识，有貌似不认识的词“differentiate”和“loudmouths”。猜一下吧。different（adj.）意思是“不同的”，加了后缀，只改变了词性，您看看它在句子是一个什么成分，就能看出它的词性——动词。大胆猜测一下，它的意思“不同的”变成了动词——“区分，区别对待，使有差异”。“loudmouths”是一个合成词，比较好猜“loud”大声的，mouth 嘴，开口，结合起来“大声的嘴巴”——“大声说话”——“高谈阔论”。 例3：It is very important when entering into an agreement with someone, whether socially, or in a business setting, to realize that they may have a different idea about the importance of deadlines and schedules.（2012 年西城一模阅读D 篇最后一段） “deadline”，又是一个合成词，拆开你都会，合起来呢？我们来猜一下“死的线”？——“死亡的线”？字面上意思对了，但放在句子中“死亡线和时间计划表的重要性”似乎不通，所以继续延展。再想一下，加上句子中“schedule”这个词意的提示，我们大胆的联想“deadline”，已经到了死亡线了，如果再不“打住”，过了“死亡线”就完蛋了，所以它有“最后期限”的意思。 总结： 通过以上三个例子，我们大致感受了一下如何在阅读中猜词，第一，当然要结合语境，在 句子、文段中猜，结合会的单词，尤其注意并列词；第二，通过合成词结构来猜；第三，通过 后缀（前缀）来猜。 这里需要补充说明，阅读中，尤其是考试时，不是所以单词你都需要猜出来的，不影响阅 读的，你就可以先忽略掉。为了扩充词汇量，在考完试以后猜一猜，然后查字典验证一下。 方法你懂了，再就需要多练了。孰能生巧，真理！接下 来，我们遇到这样的词就一起来猜一猜，不断积累！
中考英语阅读理解解题技巧：猜词 在阅读的时候，常常会遇到一些生词，影响我们的阅读速度，其实大部分生词的意思都可以通过上下文的关系猜出来，下面就介绍一些猜词的技巧： 1. 通过因果关系猜词 通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because ，as ，since ，for ，so ，thus ，as a result，of course，therefore 等等表示前因后果。例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for 引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错，可猜出blame 的词义是" 责备" 。 2. 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and 或or 连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay 这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus ，Mars ，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星、Mars(火星、Jupiter(木星均为生词，但只要知道planets 就可猜出这几个词都属于" 行星" 这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but ，while ，however 等；二是看与not 搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely ，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely 的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。 3. 通过构词法猜词 在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。 4. 通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
英语阅读的猜词技巧 在英语阅读中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时，许多人立即翻阅字典，查找词义。其实， 这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它 前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境推测、判 断某些生词的词义。猜测词义时，可利用以下线索： 一、针对性解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等 所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。 1. 根据定义猜测词义 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如： anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人 类的科学”。 In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds
himself or herself in a difficult situation. 同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to,be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。 2.根据复述猜测词义 虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。 复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。 同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties式 同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。 在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引 号，和括号等。 Capacitance, or the ability to store electric
英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧 在二语习得过程中，阅读理解的最主要障碍是词汇。从某种意义上讲，能否巧妙处理阅读理解中遇到的生词或熟词新义问题，是快捷突破英语阅读理解瓶颈的关键。由于我们不可能对所有的英语词汇都有所了解和掌握，所以应用猜词技巧，判断出困扰文章阅读理解词汇的正确含义就显得意义非凡。 一、根据构词法猜测词义 在英语词汇中，有相当一部分单词是通过派生、转化、合成构成的，乍看起来，这个词好像是个生词，但是依据三种构词法就能很快判断出这一生词的词义和词性。例如：Because of the many violent storms, the Triangle is often impassable, 中的impassabel是由前缀im-(not的意思）和passable(可通过的）两部分组成，所以，impassable的意思就是“不能通行的”。 二、根据与上下文之间的关系猜测词义 生词不是孤立的，封闭的，它出现于期中的句子、段落，都会提供很多的暗示和线索。根据生词与上下文之间的关系可推测出生词的含义。例如：Drinking some icy water from the river in front of the bear
trap and splashing a lot of water over my head brought me fully to my senses. 并列的两个动名词短语所提供的相关信息（喝冰冷的河水，再往头上洒大量的水）足以说明brought me fully to my senses 的意思，即“使我完全清醒了”。 三、根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中，可以利用提示语来判断生词的含义。比如说，如果句子中出现that is, namely, or 等单词或短语，那么这些短语的上下文之间通常是同义词的关系。另外，有时候逗号、括号、破折后等标点符号常被用来表示两个相邻的词（组）为同义词（组）或近义词（组），这些标点符号也为我们理解生词提供了线索。例：Lydia briefly stated that they were going to choose a treasurer, namely a person responsible for the money and acounts for the committee. 这句话的意思说是：莉亚迪简单地陈述了她们将要为委员会选出一个人，这个人负责处理钱财和账务，根据“namely”(也就是）来判断，“treasurer”的意思是“财务管理人”了。 四、根据对比关系猜测词义 在文章中，常有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据表示转折、对比等的连词，如
英语阅读的猜词技巧 在英语阅读中，公务员之家xx，全国公务员共同的天地!我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时，许多人立即翻阅字典，查找词义。其实，这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它 前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判 断某些生词的词义。猜测词义时，可利用以下线索： 一、针对性解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等 所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。 根据定义猜测词义 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如： 由定义可知，就是“研究人 类的科学”。 同样，从上下文的定义可知一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为： 等。 根据复述猜测词义
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。 复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。 同位语 此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词式 同位关系，因此我们不难猜出指“语义学”。 在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引 号，和括号等。 由同位语我们很快猜出生词词义电容量。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有 等副词或短 语出现。 定语从句 根据生词后面定语从句和同位语 我们可以推断出含义，即“季节 性情绪紊乱症”。 根据举例猜测词义 恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如： 句中“战争” 和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出的大
龙文学校个性化辅导教案提纲教师：学生：时间:201 年月日段 一、授课目的与考点分析： 授课目的：中考猜测词义题方法技巧及联系 能力目标：掌握作文行文技巧，能够灵活运用句子 Step 1:猜词题 After the earthquake: 1. Check, take care of injuries and help make sure people around you are all right...... Watch out for aftershocks....... 2. Protect yourself by wearing long pants, a long-sleeved (长袖的) shirt and strong shoes.................. 3. Listen to the radio for the latest information............... 54. The underlined word "aftershocks" in the passage means "_________" in Chinese. A．震感B．震源C．余震D．防震 有时作者为了使他的意思表达得更清楚明白，通常用一个、两个或更多的同义词、近义词、反义词或英文解释来说明文中一个比较难的词或关键词。通过我们熟悉的单词或解释，用已知的知识就不难推断出生词的词义来。The relay, planned to kick off at 15:40 Saturday, will set out from Da Yu Ling. 55. The underlined phrase "kick off" probably means "_________". A. begin B. stop C. check D. leave Most women in Ghana---the educated and illiterate, the urban(城市的) and rural, the young and old ---work to make money for their families. ( ) The underlined word “illiterate”in the passage means _____. A.repeated B.rich C.uneducated D.sick 3.利用上下文猜测词义 有些生词的意思必须通过对上下文所提供的信息或线索综合予以考虑方能确定。这种线索可以是一些词语也可以是一些出现在上下文中的句子，考查的方式一般是猜测中文意思。 In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of city to a dump. Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places. 53. The underlined word "sewage" in the passage means_________. A．排污B．染色C．洗涤D．吸尘 .利用标点符号猜测词义 作者有时利用标点符号为一些生词直接提供定义或解释，这些符号无疑为学生理解或猜测生词词义提供了很好的线索，如破折号、引号等。 Bob works in a car factory near his home. He works very hard.He needs to work 8 hours every day.He will be on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—next week. A．开夜车B．夜班C．熬夜D．晚上休息 文中两个破折号之间部分解释了“night shift”是“夜班”的意思。 2 I never saw her anger,never saw her cry. I knew she loved me, she showed it in action. But as a young girl ,I wanted hearted-to-hearted talks between mother and daughter. They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional(易动感情的)”. But she lived “on the surface”. ) 3.The underlined word “gulf”in the passage means __. A. deep understanding between the old and the young B.different ideas between the mother and the daughter C.free talks between mother and daughter D.part of the sea going far in land