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人教版高中英语选修六
知识点梳理
重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习
动词-ing形式复习
概念引入
在初中和高一，我们已经学过动词-ing形式的用法，而在学习过去分词的过程中，也穿插着与动词-ing形式的用法的区别，那么在本单元我们就把学过的有关动词-ing形式的内容复习并小结一下。
看下面句子：
1. Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where
lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
2. I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian V olcano Observatory
twenty years ago.
3. My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, which is one of
the most active volcanoes in Hawaii.
4. Are you interested in studying rocks and other things that make up the surface of the
earth?
5. Can you imagine doing such dangerous work as part of your job?
这些句子中斜体词部分都是动词-ing形式及其宾语或状语等构成的短语，句1中短语作状语；句2中短语作定语，而且动词-ing形式带有状语“for...”；句3中短语作表语，表语中Mount Kilauea又带有which引导的定语从句；句4中短语作介词的宾语，而studying的宾语rocks and other things也带有that引导的定语从句；句5中短语作动词的宾语。那么动词-ing形式的用法是什么？使用时我们要注意什么呢？
用法讲解
动词-ing形式概述
1. 特点：
1. 动词-ing形式（v-ing形式）是英语三大非谓语动词之一，另两个是不定式和过去分词；
2. 有动词特征：有时态和语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语；
3. 有名词、形容词和副词的特征：可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。
4. 可分为现在分词和动名词：现在分词相当于形容词或副词，一般作定语、状语、补足语和表示特点的表语；动名词相当于名词，一般作主语、宾语和表示主语内容的表语。
2. 构成：
基本形式：do＋ing
否定形式:“not doing”
注意：无论在完成式还是被动式里,not必须置于v-ing形式之前。
3. 功能：
小结：
1. v-ing形式与不定式一样，可以作除了谓语外所有成分。
2. 过去分词因其只有形容词和副词的特点，不能作主语和宾语。
动词-ing形式的时态、语态
1. 动词-ing形式时态：
1）一般式: doing/ being done
表示v-ing形式的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时或之后发生。
2）完成式: having done/ having been done
强调v-ing形式的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。
They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
他们有说有笑地走出教室。（talk/laugh与went同时进行，用一般式）
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.
由于已经在这个城市住了三年,她对它非常了解。
（强调live在knows之前已经完成，用完成式）
Standing on top of the hill, you can see as far as the seaside. 站在山顶，你可以看到海边。Having finished his homework, the boys went out to play football.
做完作业，男孩们去踢足球了。
2. 动词-ing形式的语态：
1）主动式：doing/ having done
2) 被动式：being done/ having been done
I stole into the room without being noticed. 我偷偷地进了房间，没有人注意到。
（分词动作notice与“我”是被动关系，用被动语态；“被注意到”与“偷偷进入”是同时发生，用一般式；所以用一般式的被动态being noticed）
Having been cheated many times, she now believes in nobody.
由于多次受骗，她现在对任何人都不信任。
(分词动作cheat与she是被动关系，且强调在谓语动作believes之前发生，所以用完成式的被动语态having been cheated。)
注意：
1）v-ing形式的完成式的被动语态，有时用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其口语中。
2）need, require, want, deserve+ v-ing形式表示被动
The flowers need watering every day.
= The flowers need to be watered every day. 花儿需要每天浇水。
（虽然“花”与“浇水”是被动关系，但是用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动）
但是：I need to water the flowers every day. 我需要每天给花浇水。
动名词的复合结构：
相当于名词的动词-ing形式有时其逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而有自己的逻辑主语，这时要用动名词的复合结构：
物主代词/名词的所有格+ v-ing形式
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 你今天下午给我打电话我很感激。
What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.
最让那个孩子担心的是不让他到医院看他妈妈。
We are looking forward to the doctor’s coming to see her. 我们都盼着医生来给她看病。
注意：
在口语中，v-ing形式的复合结构作宾语时，可用名词的普通格，或代词的宾格；但在句首作主语，则不行。
I can hardly imagine Peter/Peter’s sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
我不能想象彼得五天内横渡大西洋。
Would you mind my/ me using your telescope? 用一下你的望远镜介意吗？
Your going there will help a lot. 你到那里对事情将大有帮助。
【语法精讲---- 非谓语动词之v-ing：作主语】
v -ing形式的句法功能：作主语
此时的v-ing形式是动名词，而动名词更体现其名词功能，动名词作主语，相当于名词，指一件事情。
Working is good exercise. 工作就是很好的锻炼方式。
Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南北方爆发了战争。
注意：有时为了平衡句子结构，可用it作形式主语，而把v-ing形式置后。
It is pleasant working with you. 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。
几个常用句型：
1. It’s no good (no use, fun, a waste of time) doing…做某事没有好处（没有用，有趣，浪费时间）。
It’s no good reading in dim light. 在昏暗的灯光下读书是没有好处的。
It’s no use sitting here waiting. 坐在这里等待是没有意义的。
2. There is no use/ no point/fun in doing sth.做某事没有用/有趣。
注意：fun意为“快乐（的事），有趣（的事）”，是不可数名词，什么时候也不加冠词a。There is no point in waiting here. 在这里等着没有用。
但是there be句型中并不都用v-ing形式，下面句型用不定式：
There is no need/hope/possibility to do sth.没有必要/希望/可能做某事。■
注意：不定式也可以作主语，与动名词的区别不大，但是常用句型不同，要认真区别。
v-ing形式的句法功能：作宾语（1）
动词-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语。
1. 作动词的宾语
①用-ing形式作宾语的动词：这类动词的宾语只能用-ing形式，而不用不定式。
Fancy meeting you here! 想不到在这儿见到你了！
I suggest doing it in a different way. 建议用另一种方法做这件事。
这类动词常考的有：
admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免
put off 推迟keep 保持consider 考虑
delay 耽搁dislike 嫌恶resist抵制
mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 避免
excuse 原谅practice 练习mind介意
fancy想不到,设想feel like意欲finish完成
risk 冒险include 包括forgive 原谅
give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过
imagine 设想，想象cannot help 情不自禁be worth 值得
be busy 忙于
附：
记忆口诀1
建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；
放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；
注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；
允许习惯不介意，值得开始想动名。
记忆口诀2
喜欢花费忙着想象
忍不住想要结束练习
错过建议保持介意值得考虑
v -ing形式的句法功能：作宾语（2）
②既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语
1）有些动词，接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不大，如：
begin, start, continue, hate, like, love, prefer等。
They prefer spending/ to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.
他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。
Let’s continue playing/ to play the PC game. 咱们继续玩电脑游戏吧。
注意：应尽量避免接连出现两个动词-ing形式。如：
避免说：I am starting learning Russian. 应改成：I am starting to learn Russian.
2）有些动词，接动词-ing形式或不定式区别很大，如：
forget/ remember/ regret to do sth. 忘记/记得/遗憾要做某事
doing / having done/ to have done sth. 忘记/记得/后悔做过某事I forgot to tell you about it. 我忘记告诉你那件事了。
I rememb ered giving the book to Li Lei, but he said I didn’t.
我记得我把书给李雷了，但是他说我没有给。
I regretted breaking the rules of our class.
= I regretted having broken/ to have broken the rules of our class. 我后悔违反了班规。
●mean to do ... 打算做，想要做
doing ... 意味着，意思是
I di dn’t mean to bother you. 我本不想打扰你。
What he said means going there by air. 他的话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。
●try to do设法做，尽力做
doing试着做
I’ll try to catch up with my class. 我将尽力赶上同学们。
I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。
●can’t help (to) do... 不能帮忙做某事
doing... 禁不住做某事
The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒。
The girl couldn’t help crying when she saw her mother again.
当小女孩再次看到母亲时，她情不自禁地哭了起来。
●go on/ stop to do sth 继续/停下来去做另一件事
doing 继续/ 停止正在做的事
Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one.
做完这个练习后, 请接着做其他的练习。
He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room.
他停止讲话，房间里一点声音也没有了。
v -ing形式的句法功能：作宾语（3）
2. 作介词的宾语：
英语中除了介词but/ except外，介词后一般接动词-ing形式作宾语。
He studied ways of keeping seeds.他研究了种子的保存方法。
She looks forward every spring to walking in the flower-lined garden.
每年春天她盼望着在铺满鲜花的公园里散步。
熟记这些短语:其中的to都是介词：
add up to 结果是admit to 承认be equal to 等于devote... to把......献给get/ be used to 习惯于look forward to 盼望lead to 导致object to/ be opposed to反对pay attention to 注意see to 注意，处理stick to 坚持
3.作形容词busy\ worth的宾语：
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这首曲子很值得多听几遍。
We are busy preparing for the sports meet. 我们正忙着为运动会做准备。
v -ing形式的句法功能：作表语和定语
作表语
1. 表示主语的内容，相当于名词，这时的v-ing形式可称为动名词。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
注意：不定式也可以作表语，与动名词区别不大。
2. 表示主语的特征，相当一个形容词，这时的v-ing形式可称为现在分词。
The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。
作定语
1. 说明所修饰词的用途，表示“供作……之用”。这时v-ing形式与名词没有逻辑上的主谓
关系，是动名词。
reading room阅览室walking sticks手杖 a booking office 售票厅
2. 说明所修饰词的性质或动作，表示“……的”。此时v-ing形式与名词有逻辑上的主谓关
系。是现在分词。
the boy lying under the big tree 躺在树下的男孩（lie的动作是the boy做的）
a puzzling problem 困扰人的问题（“问题”使人困惑）
注意：
1）选择v-ing形式还是过去分词作定语取决于动词与所修饰词的主动或者被动的关系，即其逻辑主语是其所修饰词。
a letter offering me the jo
b = a letter which offered me the job 一封给我这份工作的信
a letter written by his boss = a letter which was written by his boss 一封老板写来的信
2）动词-ing形式的完成式常用来作状语，一般不作定语。
the temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake 被地震毁坏的庙宇
3）不定式作定语常表示将来，对比：
the bridge to be repaired 要修的桥
being repaired 正在修理的桥
repaired last year 去年修的桥
【语法精讲---- 非谓语动词之v-ing：宾补】
v -ing形式的句法功能：作宾语补足语
1. 某些动词后的宾语补足语：
动词-ing形式常用于see, hear, watch, let, get, have, keep, find等动词后作宾语补足语。
I saw him coming last night. 我看见他正往这儿来。
（v-ing形式表示动作正在发生）
I heard him singing a song in the classroom. 我听到他正在教室里唱歌。
We have the fire burning all day. 我们让火整天燃烧着。
（burn是易错词，表示“火在燃烧”时，要用主动形式）
The baby watched his dad shaving his face. 这个小男孩注视着他爸爸在刮胡子。
2. with的复合结构:
介词with也可以接宾语加宾语补足语。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他不久就睡着了，灯仍然亮着。（with...表伴随，“灯亮着”是主动关系，用v-ing形式）
The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing. 今天天气非常好，微风吹拂。
We went into a large waiting room with a large fan spinning overhead.
我们走进一间大候诊室，头顶一扇大风扇在转着。■
3. 注意:
1）能带v.-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有两类：
a. 表示感官和心理状态的动词，如：notice, smell, feel, observe, catch等；
b. 使役动词，如：have, get, leave, set, send等。
2）不定式和过去分词也可以作宾语补足语，v.-ing形式强调动作正在进行，不定式一般表示动作的全过程，表示动作已经结束或即将发生；过去分词一般表示与宾语之间的被动关系、完成状态或动作由别人完成。
3）非谓语动词作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语是前面的宾语，即：要看动词和前面的宾语是主动关系还是被动关系。
We heard her singing next door. 我们听到她正在隔壁唱歌。（主动、进行）
We heard her often sing next door. 我们听到她常在隔壁唱歌。（主动、完成）
We heard the song sung by her. 我们听这首歌被她唱过。（被动、完成）
We heard the song being sung next door. 我们听见隔壁有人在唱这首歌。（被动、进行）
v -ing形式的句法功能：作状语
动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. （时间）
我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。（原因）
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。（结果）
Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage. （条件）
向右转你会找到通往他的茅舍的小路。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. （让步）
尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.（伴随）
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
注意：
1.表示强调或出于表达需要，有时作状语的v-ing形式前常加一个连词：when, while, after, before, if, though, whether, unless, as if 等，相当于省略了主语和部分谓语的状语从句。Though being ill (= Though he was ill), he would not take a rest. 虽然病了，但他仍不愿休息。
2. 不定式作状语，一般表示目的、原因（多在表示情感的词后）、结果（出乎意料的结果或
too... to, enough to等结构）。
I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来只是向你告别。（目的）
What have I said to make you angry? 我说了什么让你这么生气？（结果）
I am pretty pleased to hear the news that you are elected as the president of the club. （原因）
听说你被选为俱乐部主席，我非常高兴。
3. v-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语，如果不是，要加上动作的执行者，即
独立主格结构，形式是：
名词/代词(主格)+ v-ing形式
Mary coming back, they discussed it together. 玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论那件事。
The moon having risen, they took a walk in the field.月亮升起后，他们在田野里散步。
v-ing形式作独立成分
有些惯用的v-ing形式的短语在句中可以没有逻辑主语而独立存在，作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，有些已经转化为介词短语。如：
according to 根据judging from/by从……判断 talking of谈到
coming to 论及(说到) allowing for考虑到considering 考虑到generally speaking 总地说来frankly speaking坦率地说r oughly speaking粗略地说honestly speaking诚实地说properly speaking恰当地说strictly speaking严格地说
Judging by/from his accent, he must be from the south. 从口音来判断，他一定是个南方人。Strictly speaking, the article needs revising. 严格地说，这篇文章需要修改。
第6章动词的-ing形式 动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present participle）两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。 一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类 与动词不定式一样，动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状语、宾语等。 A.动词-ing形式的一般式 1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电
子邮件。 He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 B. 动词-ing形式的完成式 动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年，她对这里已很熟悉。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。 注意： 在现代英语中，作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。 I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.) We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film. ) C. 动词-ing形式的被动形式 动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。 1．一般式的被动形式 The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。
高中英语语法之动名词 一、含义 动名词兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 动名词有时态和语态的变化。 动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例） 注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing 二、动名词的基本用法 １．用作主语---常表抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。 Smoking is bad for your health. Playing with fire is dangerous. Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 注意： ①不定式也可以做主语。不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、 ．．．动作，而动名词 ．．．．一次性 作主语时经常表示抽象动作或习惯性动作。
Getting up early is a good habit. To get up early this morning made me sleepy. ②动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。 It is no use/ good doing...(做。。。没有用); It is fun doing... (做。。。很有趣); It is a waste of time doing... (做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。 例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收） It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。 2. 作宾语 ①作某些及物动词的宾语 常见的动词有：advise，avoid，delay，escape，excuse，enjoy，consider，finish，deny，fancy，keep，mind（在乎）postpone，pardon，practise，suggest，imagine等。 need，want，require后接动名词，表示被动意义。 如：Would you mind opening the door？请你把门打开好吗？ Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。 ②作介词的宾语 He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。 On arriving at the airport，I saw my mother standing in the
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则 一．动词ing形式的用法 1.正在进行时中,谓语动词后加ing. 如:I'm playing football. 2.一些特殊表达..如: be good at doing sth enjoy doing sth. be busy doing feel like doing thank you for doing do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating 二．动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下： 1）一般情况下直接加ing think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking carry---carrying say---saying 2）以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing wake---waking make---making come---coming take---taking leave---leaving have---having 3）以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 。初中学过的这类词有：begin，cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。 (visit 不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing ，如：travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。4）以 y 结尾的动词直接加 ing carry—— carrying enjoy—— enjoying 5）以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing
1.bring 与take相反bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 拿来，带来，送来 bring about vt. 引起，突现，造成bring in 引进、引来、吸收 bring back 归还，带回来bring back to life (health) 使复生，使恢复健康bring out 显示出来，表现出来，讲清楚；出版；生产；提出bring on 使．．．前进bring up 提出；抚育大，教养bring down 1. 降低 2. 使．．．倒下2.break break away 突然逃掉或离开；断绝往来；改掉（习惯）；破除（旧做法） break away from 脱离．．．break the rule 违反规定 break down （身体）垮了；（谈话）中断；（机器）坏了；压倒，克服 break forth 突然（迸出）break in 突然进入，非法进入；插嘴，打岔 break into 破门而入；突然，一下子．．．；打扰，打断 break out爆发；突然（大声地）vt .break off vt. 打断,折断；中断，断绝（关系）break through 突破，打通break up 分散,折散；分解；腐蚀 3.burn燃烧，烧毁；烧着；晒黑 burn away vi. 熊熊燃烧；烧掉，烧完burn one’s fingers 吃亏 burn the midnight oil 开夜车burn down 把．．．烧成平地、烧光 The bedclothes catch fire and the whole house may be burnt down . burn ... to the ground 烧毁，把．．．烧平 In the country the revolutionaries set fire to the nobles' castles and burnt them to the ground . ( SIIL 87 ) 4.matter vi. 有关系，有严重性，要紧没关系It doesn’t matter. It doesn’t matter that．．．．= It doesn’t make difference that．．．It doesn’t matter doing sth. n. What’s the matter?怎么啦？What’s the matter with ．．．? No matter what(how．．．)．．．不管怎么．．． It is no matter that．．．．没关系as a matter of fact事实上，不瞒你说 5.check check sth. 检查,调查,核对; 阻止,遏制check in 报到,签到,到达 check off 核对无误; 下班check on 查清楚,检查 check out 把…检查一遍,清点登记; 结账后离开(旅馆) check over 检查一遍check through 查看,校阅 check up (on) 检查,调查,核对check with 和…核对;和…相符n. make a check of 核对,检查check 支票, (饭馆)账单, 方案keep (hold) in check 控制住 6.burst burst through 冲破；爆裂；炸破；胀破burst forth 突然出现（发生）；(vi.) burst into tears (laughter, leaf, blossom) 突然（进入某种状态或发生某种情况） burst with 装得满满的，装得快要裂开了；非常，．．．之极 突然．．．起来burst out laughing (crying… ) burst into song (sweat…) be bursting to do sth. 急于做．．．；迫切想做．．． 7.appear vi. link-v. = seem 似乎, 显得 appear to do sth. appear + adj. appear + done appear + sth. It appear that…. 8.look link-v look + adj. (过去分词，名词，介词短语，)看起来， look about 四周打量look about for 四处寻找look ahead 预测未来
动词ing形式的用法 一)Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如： The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。 不定式作定语： 用不定式作定语，其经常所修饰的名词、代词有：
初中英语语法知识梳理－动词 动词是表示动作（study, find, swim 等）或状态（be, like, feel 等）的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 动词分类：动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词四类。 一）助动词 助动词没有任何含义，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall 等。具体用法如下： 1、助动词be的用法如下： 1）构成各种进行时态。如： It was raining all day yesterday. 昨天整天下雨。 2）构成被动语态。如： The meeting was held yesterday afternoon. 会议是昨天下午举行的。 3）与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如： They are to see an English film this evening. 他们今天晚上看英语电影。 2、助动词do的用法如下： 1）构成疑问式或否定式。如： Does he think so? I didn’t say anything about the result. 2)在动词前加上do, does, did表示强调，意为“的确，确实”。如： They do study hard. She does love him. He did want to help the old man. 3、have: 助动词have 的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如： He has lived here for three years. As soon as the sun had set they returned. 4、shall, should: 助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态；助动词should 是shall的过去式，构成过去将来时。如：I shall send ten letters to my good friend. She wanted to know if I should go to the palace. 二）情态动词 情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, need, should等。 表示能力 表示能力一般用can, could。如：Rose can speak now, but she couldn’t a week ago. be able to 也表示能力，它和can 的区别如下：
动词ing形式专项练习 1.______ (smoke) is bad for our health. 2.Before he came , I’d finished _______(read) the whole book. 3.We are considering ________ (take) a trip around the island. 4.The silkworm is an insect worth _____. A. to know B. knowing C. to be known D. being known 5.She went out without ______ (say) good-bye to us. 6.He sat there ______(read) a novel. 7.The heavy rain kept us _____ (wait)for two hours. 8. We found the baby ____ (sleep)on the floor. 9.They got their car ____ (wash) at the garage. 10. _____ with his report , I told him to write it all over again. A. Dissatisfactory B. Not being satisfied C. Having not satisfied D. Dissatisfying 11._____ our shoes in our hands , we crossed the stream. A. To carry B. Carrying C. Carried D. Carry 12._____ my homework, I went home . A. Having finished B. Finished C. Being finished D. Finish 13.____（find）the door unlocked, I went in. 14.______(be) a careless fellow, he forget all about it. 15. You must be careful when ___ on the highway. A. you driving B. are driving C. driving D. you were driving 16.If _____ , I will go to the party tonight. A. invite B. inviting C. to invite D. invited 17 Weather ____(permit) , we will have a picnic tomorrow. 18.The vacation ____ (be) over , the students came back to school. 19.___ the way to take, the traveller went on his journey.
【英语】英语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择动词 1．It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly___my friend. A．turn out B．bring out C．call out D．pick out 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：电影院里太黑了，我几乎不能认出我的朋友。pick out 意为“认出，选出”。根据所提供的情景“It was so dark in the cinema”可判断出由于电影院里很黑，很难认出朋友。turn out意为“发生，结果是”；bring out意为“使显示,出版,生产,说出”；call out意为“出动,唤起,大声叫唤”。故选D。 2．Jess was sad and her friend helped her ___ the first awful weeks after her husband Bill died. A．break through B．break down C．get through D．get rid of 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查词组：A. break through突破，B. break down崩溃，垮掉，抛锚，C. get through 接通，度过，完成，D. get rid of克服，句意：在丈夫Bill去世后，Jess很难过，她的朋友帮助她度过前几个难过的星期。选C。 考点：考查词组 3．Your own personal behavior as a teacher, outside school hours, _______ on the school itself. A．resembles B．reminds C．reflects D．remains 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名教师，你在课外的个人行为会给学校带来不良影响。 A. resembles 相似 B. reminds提醒 C. reflects反应 D. remains保持。reflect on导致，招致，根据句意可知，选C。 4．He had been struggling for many years and finally ________ his fantasies. A．lived up B．lived on C．lived through D．lived out 【答案】D 【解析】
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则 一?口诀：now look listen be,动词要加ing,加了ing,不要忘了be。 二.动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成，其规则如下： 1)—般情况下宜接加ing think…thinking sleep…sleeping study…studying speak—speaking carr\T—carrying say■一saying 2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e,再加ing wake■一waking make一-making come—coming take―taking leave—leaving have■一having 3)以重读闭音节结尾，呈现“辅音，元音(aeiou),辅音”结构的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing。 这类f司有：shop, begin, cut, put, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, bug, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid,等。
Visit不是以重读闭音节结尾，不用双写) travel虽然重读第一音节，词尾音节不重读，但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母，然后再加ing ,女口：travel—travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。 4)以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing 女口：die---dying lie---lying 一.写出下列动词的现在分词形式 work ____________ visil ___________ play ___________ study _________ dance ________ h ave ______ ___ travel __________ take __________ drop ___________ sin ___________ shop _________ swim __________ lie ___________ 二.选择题练习 1 ? Who _______________ over there now? A. singing B. arc sing C? is singing D. sing 2. It" s eight <)' clock. The students _________ an En^jish class? A. have E. C? is having D? arc having 3? Listen! The baby _____ in the next room? A. crying E? cried C? is crying D? cries 4.Look! The twins ______ new sweaters?
2018初中英语语法之名词的动词意义和用法各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢 新一轮中考复习备考周期正式开始，中考网为各位初三考生整理了中考五大必考学科的知识点，主要是对初中三年各学科知识点的梳理和细化，帮助各位考生理清知识脉络，熟悉答题思路，希望各位考生可以在考试中取得优异成绩！下面是《2018初中英语语法之名词的动词意义和用法》，仅供参考！ble, ice, duck, flag... 这些简单的英语单词，它们的名词意义就算对初学英语者来说也一定是小菜一碟，但老外经常把它们当做动词用，它们的动词意义和用法你知道吗？ 1. table：名词，桌子；当动词用，是指开会时延期讨论提案等，也就是暂缓审议。 We are tabling this matter until
further notice. 2. pride：名词，荣誉；当动词用，是指感到得意或自豪。例如： We prided ourselves on our good work. I have long prided myself on being a good teacher. 注意：to pride oneself on和to be proud of 或to take pride in 意思相近，只是用法和后面所跟的介词不同而已。例如： They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist. I am very proud of being a Chinese. 3. carpet：名词，地毯；当动词用，是覆盖的意思。例如： The flower girls carpeted the floor with rose petals before the bride’s entrance. During the winter time my roof is carpeted with white snow. 4. floor：名词，地板；当动词用，
动词ing形式专项练习 (smoke) is bad for our health. he came , I’d finished _______(read) the whole book. are considering ________ (take) a trip around the island. silkworm is an insect worth _____. A. to know B. knowing C. to be known D. being known went out without ______ (say) good-bye to us. sat there ______(read) a novel. heavy rain kept us _____ (wait)for two hours. 8. We found the baby ____ (sleep)on the floor. got their car ____ (wash) at the garage. 10. _____ with his report , I told him to write it all over again. A. Dissatisfactory B. Not being satisfied C. Having not satisfied D. Dissatisfying our shoes in our hands , we crossed the stream. A. To carry B. Carrying C. Carried D. Carry my homework, I went home . A. Having finished B. Finished C. Being finished D. Finish （find）the door unlocked, I went in. (be) a careless fellow, he forget all about it. 15. You must be careful when ___ on the highway. A. you driving B. are driving C. driving D. you were driving _____ , I will go to the party tonight. A. invite B. inviting C. to invite D. invited 17 Weather ____(permit) , we will have a picnic tomorrow.
动词的时态和语态用法详解 在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态需要用动词的不同形式表示出来，动词的这种不同 形式就构成了动词的时态。 英语中的时态按动作发生时间分为现在时态、过去时态、将来时态 二、常见时态的基本用法 1. 一般现在时：一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。常和表示频率、时间的副词 （短语） always, every time, now and the n, occasi on ally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 连用。 1） 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 We have three meals a day. 2） 表示客观事实、真理和自然现象。 Kno wledge is power. 3）表示现在的情况或状态。 I live in Beiji ng. 4）表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事件，尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“出 发，到达”等含义 的词， 女口， arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay 等。 The train arrives at 10:30. There's ple nty of time. 。 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 如: I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, on ce, the mome nt/the minu te, the day; 条件：if, uni ess, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在 make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don ' t mind when he finish 考点四：在 the more …the more …(越 ..................... 越 ... )句型中 在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2. 一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或反复发生的动作，句中一般都有表示 过去具体时间的时间 状语。 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或状态。 此时与表示过去的时间状语连用， 如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1998 等。 +宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代 es the experime nt. ,若主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现
一、选择题 1．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 2．—Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? —No, I don’t , but my twin brother . He's very fond of cooking. A．does B．do C．is D．are 3．Colours can change our moods and make us happy or sad . A．feel B．to feel C．felt D．feeling 4．The strawberries delicious. You can have a try. A．eat B．drink C．taste D．sound 5．The teacher's smile made me ________ better. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 6．—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A．am B．is C．are D．be 7．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 8．This is a photo of my grandpa. He young A．looks B．feels C．sounds D．hears 9．Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A．like both B．both are like C．both like D．are both like 10．The shopping mall near our school _________ for 12 hours a day. It _________ at 9:00 p.m.. A．opens; closes B．opens; is closed C．is open; is closed D．is open; closes 11．Amy and her best friend often________books together. A．read B．reads C．look D．looks 12．In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．to cry; cry D．cry; to cry 13．What a beautiful song! It ___________so sweet. A．feels B．sounds C．tastes D．smells 14．2019 has come. I hope everyone can make his dream ________. A．came true B．come true C．comes true D．coming true 15．I don't have a Ping-Pong ball, _______ my brother _______. A．but; do B．and; does C．and;do D．but; does 16．Tom and Jim __________ in Class 3. A．is B．be C．am D．are
高一英语动词—ing形式练习题 1. Taking pictures___ very interesting. A. is B. are C. to be D. be 2.______ the bad news made him cry. A. Hear B. Heard C. Hearing D. Is hearing 3._____ a desert had always been a risk adventure. A. being crossed B. Having crossed C. Crossing D. To have crossed 4. Before he came, I’d finished _______ the whole book. A. to read B. to have read C. reading D. read 5. I always enjoy ____ to popular music at night. A. to listen B. listening C. that I can listen D. if I can listen 6. We are considering ________ a trip around the island. A. take B. to take C. to be taken D. taking 7. I hope you don’t mind ____ at your newspaper. A. I look B. my looking C. I looking D. my to look When a man’s heart stops ______, he dies. A. to beat B. beating C. beat D. beaten 9. I can’t help _______ he is still alive. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought of 10. So far as I am concerned, I prefer reading ________. A. than meat B. for joy C. instead of sleeping D to drinking 11. It goes without _______ that knowledge is important. A. talking B. telling C. saying D. mentioning 12. We are looking forward ______ our friends next week. A. to see B. to seeing C. to be seeing D. shall see 13. He spent a lot of money _____ books and magazines. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought 14. The silkworm is an insect worth _____. A. to know B. knowing C. to be known D. being known 15. She went out without ______ good-bye to us. A. say B. to say C. saying D. being said The curious student kept on _______ questions. A. asks B. asking C. to ask D. asked 17. He is such a strange person; there’s _____ what he’ll do next. A. no knowing B. not to know C. not known D. being unknown 18. When she heard the bad news, she burst______. A. into crying B. out to tears C. crying D. out crying 19. You must never cross the street without ______ the light to turn green. A. waiting B/ to wait C. waiting for D. to wait for 20. Scientists succeed _____ protein out of old newspapers. A. to make B. at making C. making D. in making 21. I became ______ after watching too much television. A. bored B. boring C. bore D. bores 22. I felt ____ by his interest in my new invention. A. encourage B. to encourage C. was encouraged D. encouraged 23. He sat there ______ a novel. A. read B. reading C. reads D. had read 24. Don’t wake up the______ child. A. sleep B. slept C. sleeping D. sleepy The heavy rain kept us _____ for two hours. A. wait B. waited C. waiting D. to wait I found a dog ______ over by a car on the road. A. to run B. run C. ran D. running