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培根散文,英语

培根散文,英语
培根散文,英语

篇一:培根散文赏析

谈读书

读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏,淡而无味矣。

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞使人善辩;凡有所学,皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当之书使之顺畅,一如身体百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,慢步利肠胃,骑术利头脑,诸如此类。如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演题须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;如不能辨异,可令读经院哲学,盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善以一物阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷,皆有特药可医。

(王佐良译)

studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.

to spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. they perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning (pruning) by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in/ by experience. crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.

read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.

some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. and therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.

histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. abeunt studia in morse.

(studeis go to make up a man’s character. nay there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach ; riding for the head; and the like. 文章的第一部分重点谈到跟读书相关的一些基本问题:读书之目的、读书之作用、读书与运用,以及如何读书。文章首先高度概括了古今之人读书之目的:读书可以“怡情”“傅彩”“长才”,并指出了这三种读书姿态在生活当中的具体表现。其次,作用又指出了读书的作用,并洞明了读书与经验之间的关系。在他看来,读书是可以“补天然之不足”,并形象地指出,读书之于天性,犹如修剪之于花草。在这里,培根睿智地点明了“读书”“天然”与“经验”之间的辩证关系,即读书可以补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足;其实用主义的哲学理念从字里行间见出。文章第一部分中给读者印象最深的恐怕是培根谈读书方法的那几句:“书有可尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。”这里,培根再次用形象的语言将几种不同的读书方式区别开来。在信息爆炸的时代,更多情况下我们缺少的恐怕不是信息,而是如何处理信息;我们缺少的恐怕不是书籍,而是如何高效地去吸收书本知识、整合前人的知识。从这个意义上看,培根的这种对各种书籍的区别对待的阅读方式,在今天仍然值得我们借鉴。当然,这里有一点需要说明,培根认为,有的书“亦可请人代读”。这里所说的“代读”,在培根那个时代的贵族当中是常见的,但在今天,作为普通读者则很难做到。不过,今天有的人还是有请人“代篇二:散文英译汉佳作赏析:培根《论养生》

最牛英语口语培训模式:躺在家里练口语,全程外教一对一,三个月畅谈无阻!

洛基英语,免费体验全部在线一对一课程: /wenkxd.htm(报名网址)

of regiment of health

论养生

there is a wisdom in this, beyond the rules of physic: a mans own observation, what he finds good of, and what he finds hurt of, is the best physic to preserve health. 养生有道,非医学底规律所能尽。一个人自己的观察,他对于何者有益何者有害于自己的知识,乃是最好的保健药品。

but it is a safer conclusion to say; this agreeth not well with me, therefore i will not continue it; than this; i fmd no offence of this, therefore i may use it. for strength of nature in youth passeth over many excesses, which are owing a man till his age. discern 洛基英语是中国英语培训市场上的一朵奇葩,是全球已被验证的东方人英语学习的最佳模式。洛基英

但是在下断语的时候,如果说:“这个与我底身体不合,因此我要戒它”,比说:“这个好象于我没有什么害处,因此我要用它”较为安全得多。因为少壮时代底天赋的强力可以忍受许多纵欲的行为,而这些行为是等于记在账上,到了老年的时候,是要还的。留心你底年岁底增加,不要永远想做同一的事情,因为年岁是不受蔑视的。

在饮食底重要部分上不可骤然变更,如果不得已而变更的话,则别的部分也须要变更,以便配合得宜。因为在自然的事体和国家的事务上都有一种秘诀,就是变一事不如变多事的安全。把你平日饮食、睡眠、运动、衣服、等等的习惯自省一下,并且把其中你认为有害的习惯试行逐渐戒绝,但是其办法应当这样,如果你由这种变更而感觉不适的时候,就应当回到原来的习惯去;因为把一般认为有益卫生的习惯和于个人有益,于你自己底身体适合的习惯分别起来是不容易的。

在吃饭、睡觉、运动的时候,心中坦然,精神愉快,乃是长寿底最好秘诀之一。至于心中的情感及思想,则应避嫉妒,焦虑,压在心里的怒气,奥秘难解的研究,过度的欢乐,暗藏的悲哀。

应当长存着的是希望,愉快,而非狂欢;变换不同的乐事,而非过餍的乐事;好奇与仰慕,以保有新鲜的情趣;以光辉灿烂的事物充满人心的学问,如历史、寓言、自然研究皆是也。如果你在健康的时候完全摒弃医药,则到了你需要它的时候将感觉医药对于你底身体过于生疏不惯。如果你平日过于惯用医药,则疾病来时,医药将不生奇效。窃以为与其常服药饵,不如按季节变更食物,除非服药已经成了一种习惯。

for those diets alter the body more, and trouble it less. despise no new accident in your body, but ask opinion of it in sickness, respect health principally; and in health, action. 洛基英语是中国英语培训市场上的一朵奇葩,是全球已被验证的东方人英语学习的最佳模式。洛基英因为那些不同的食物是可以变更体气而不扰乱它的。对于身体上任何新的症候都不可小视,须要向人求教。

for those that put their bodies to endure in health, may in most sickness, which are not very sharp, be cured only with diet, and tendering.

在病中,主要的是注意健康;在健康的时候,主要的是注意活动。因为那平日使自己底身体习于劳动的人在大多数不很厉害的疾病中只要节饮食,多调养,就可以好了。

celsus could never have spoken it as a physician, had he not been a wise man withal, when he giveth it, for one of the great precepts of health and lasting, that a man do vary, and interchange contraries; but with an inclination to the more benign extreme: use fasting, and full eating, but rather full eating; watching and sleep, but rather sleep;sitting, and exercise, but rather exercise; and the like.

塞尔撒斯教人养生长寿之道,最要的一端就是一个人应当把各种相反的习惯都变换着练习练习,但是在轻重之间却应当稍重那有益于人的一端;禁食与饱食都应当练习,但是宁可稍重饱食;警醒与睡眠都应当练习,但是宁可偏尚睡眼;安坐与运动都应当练习,但是宁可着重运动;诸如此类。

塞尔撒斯要不是一位医生而兼哲人的话,专以医生底身分他是永不会说出这种话来的。如他所说的办法,将使天生的体质既可以得滋养又可以增力量也。医生之中有些是对于病人底脾气很纵容迁就的,以致不能迅收治疗之效;又有些人则是照治病底学理行事,十分谨严,以致对于病者底实情不充分注重。选择医生的时候顶好请一位性情适中的;或者,如果一个人没有这样的性情的时候,则在两种人里各取其一而调和之。又在请医生的时候,固然要请那出名的好医生,也不可忘了请那个最熟悉你底体格的医生也。

洛基英语是中国英语培训市场上的一朵奇葩,是全球已被验证的东方人英语学习的最佳模式。洛基英篇三:培根:论司法(中英文)

培根散文随笔集第56章:of

judicature论司法|论法官(中英对照)

培根散文随笔集中英对照,通过阅读文学名著学语言,是掌握英语的绝佳方法。既可接触原汁原味的英语,又能享受文学

培根散文随笔集中英对照,通过阅读文学名著学语言,是掌握英语的绝佳方法。既可接触原汁原味的英语,又能享受文学之美,一举两得,何乐不为?

对于喜欢阅读名著的读者,这是一个最好的时代,因为有成千上万的书可以选择;这又是一个不好的时代,因为在浩繁的卷帙中,很难找到适合自己的好书。而培根的散文随笔,浓缩的不仅仅是文学,还是智慧。相信对阅读和写作都有很好的帮助。 of judicature论司法|论法官judges ought to remember that their office is jus dicere, and not jus dare; to interpret law, and not to make law, or give law.

法官们必须记住,他们的职权是解释法律而不是制造法律或立法。

else will it be like the authority, claimed by the church of rome, which under

pretext of exposition of scripture, does not stick to add and alter; and to pronounce that which they do not find; and by show of antiquity, to introduce novelty.

如若不然,它将如罗马教会所要求的权力一样;罗马教会不仅假解释《圣经》之名,任意增添与改动,而且借复古之名,标新立异,宣传《圣经》中找不出来的东西。

judges ought to be more learned than witty, more reverend than plausible,and more advised than confident.

法官应当学问多于机智,严肃多于贫嘴,虚心多于自信。

above all things, integrity is their portion and proper virtue.

尊严是他们的本分与美德——这是最最重要的。

cursed (says the law) is he that removes the landmark.

“移动界石者应该受到诅咒”(犹太律说)。

the mislayer of a mere-stone is to blame.

放错界石的人要受到谴责。

but it is the unjust judge that is the capital remover of landmarks when he defines amiss of lands and property.

而不公正的法官,当他对田地与财产做出错误判决时,就是主要的移动界石者。one foul sentence does more hurt than many foul examples. 一个不公正的判决比多个不正当的案例为害更大。 for these do but corrupt the stream, the other corrupts the fountain. 因为这些坏东西只是弄脏水流,而不公正的、肮脏的判决则败坏水源。

so with solomon, fons turbatus, et vena corrupta, est justus cadens in causa sua coram adversario. the office of judges may have reference unto the parties that use, unto the advocates that plead, unto the clerks and ministers of justice underneath them, and to the sovereign or state above them.

因此所罗门说,“正义者在邪恶者面前败诉,如同浑浊之泉,把井水弄浊”(拉丁文)。法官的职权可能跟诉讼者,与辩护者,跟自己下属的司法官吏,跟自己上面的君主或国家都发生关系。

first, for the causes or parties that sue.

第一,先说诉讼的双方。

there be (says the scripture) that turn judgment into wormwood; and surely there be also that turn it into vinegar; for injustice makes it bitter, and delays make it sour. “有人把审判变为苦艾”(《圣经》这样说);确实也有人把审判变为酸醋;因为不公正使审判变苦,而迟延使审判变酸。

the principal duty of a judge is to suppress force and fraud; whereof force is the more pernicious, when it is open, and fraud, when it is close and disguised. 法官的主要职责是压制暴力与诈骗;暴力公开时更加恶毒,诈骗秘密时更加险恶。add thereto contentious suits, which ought to be spewed out, as the surfeit of courts.

再加上那些好讼者的案件,这种案件应当作为阻塞法庭的东西加以唾弃。

法官应当为公平的判决开辟道路,像上帝开辟道路那样,填高谷地,削低山峰:所以,当诉讼两方的任何一方出现以势压人、实行暴力、投机取巧、狼狈为奸、动用权力、大施阴谋等情况,法官若能使不公平变得公平,使自己的判断立足于公平的基地,那就可见其才德了。qui fortiter emungit, elicit sanguinem; and where the wine-press is hard wrought, it yields a harsh wine that tastes of the grape-stone. “扭鼻子必出血”;榨葡萄汁的机器若圧力过猛,那就会生产出带葡萄核干涩味的葡萄酒。

judges must beware of hard constructions and strained inferences; for there is no

worse torture than the torture of laws.

法官必须留神,不可对法律条文牵强附会,随意推论;因为没有比法律的折磨更恶的折磨了。 specially in case of laws penal, they ought to have care that what was meant forterror be not turned into rigor; and that they bring not upon the people, that shower whereof the scripture speaks, pluet super eos laqueos; for penal laws

pressed, are a shower of snares upon the people. 尤其在刑法案件中,法官应当注意,不要让意在防止恐怖的法律变成虐待人民的刑律。他们不可把《圣经》上所说的那种“网罗之雨”(拉丁文)带给人民;因为刑法过于严厉,就是下在人民身上的网罗之雨。

therefore let penal laws, if they have been sleepers of long, or if they be grown unfit for the present time, be by wise judges confined in the execution: judicis officium est, ut res, ita tempora rerum, etc.

所以,刑法中若有久已不用或不适于当前的条例,聪明的法官就应当限制其施行:“法官的职责,不仅在于审察某案的事实,还要审察其时候及环境,等等”。

in causes of life and death, judges ought (as far as the law permits) in justice to remember mercy; and to cast a severe eye upon the example, but a merciful eye upon the person.

在有关人命的案件中,法官应当(在法律容许的范围内)在公平的条件下想到仁慈;以严厉的眼光对事,而以仁慈的眼光对人。

(causes与 causes同义,又见本段开头。译者注)

secondly, for the advocates and counsel that plead.

第二,关于律师与辩护顾问。

散文诗名篇赏析《Youth-青春》中英文

经典英语名篇文章:青春 作者:Samuel Ullman 青春不是年华,而是心境;青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝,而是深沉的意志、宏伟的想象、炽热的感情;青春是生命的深泉在涌流。 经典英语文章《青春》背后的故事: 太平洋战争打得正酣之时,麦克阿瑟将军常常从繁忙中抬起头,注视着挂在墙上的镜框,镜框里是篇文章,名为《青春》。这篇文章一直伴随着他,也跟着他到了日本。后来,日本人在东京的美军总部发现了它,《青春》便开始在日本流传。 一位资深的日本问题观察家说,在日本实业界,只要有成就者,没有哪一个不熟知不应用这篇美文的,就连松下电器的创始人松下幸之助几十年来也把《青春》当作他的座右铭。 还有这么一件趣事,足以证明《青春》在日本的魅力。一天,美国影片销售协会主席罗森菲尔德参加日本实业界的聚会,晚宴之前的谈话,他随意说了一句:“《青春》的作者,便是我的祖父。”在座的各位实业界领袖大为惊讶,其中有一位一边激动地说“我一直随身带着它呢”,一边从口袋里掏出了《青春》。 Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees. It is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep spring of life. Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exits in a man of 60, more than a boy of 20.nobody grows merely by the number of years; we grow old by deserting our ideas. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust1 bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust. Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonders, the 青春不是年华,而是心境;青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝,而是深沉的意志、宏伟的想象、炽热的感情;青春是生命的深泉在涌流。 青春气贯长虹,勇锐盖过怯弱,进取压倒苟安,如此锐气,二十后生有之,六旬男子则更多见。年年有加,并非垂老;理想丢弃,方堕暮年。 岁月悠悠,衰微只及肌肤;热忱抛却,颓唐必至灵魂。烦忧、惶恐、丧失自信,定使心灵扭曲,意气如灰。 无论年届花甲,抑或二八芳龄,心中皆有生命之欢乐,奇迹之诱惑,孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆

罗素(优美,励志英文短文)

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而且能使人摆脱黑暗混乱的胡思乱想而走入光明与理性的思考。 14、当危险逼近时,善于抓住时机迎头痛击它要比犹豫躲闪更为有利。因为犹豫的结果恰恰是错过了克服它的机会。 15、鲜肉腐烂了就会生蛆,同样,良好的礼仪规章也会堕落成一些繁文缛节。 16、毫无疑问,如果奇迹就是统摄自然,那么它们大多在厄运中出现。 17、给人撒谎就等于说他不畏上帝而惧世人。因谎言直面上帝而躲避世人。 18、真正可怕的,并不是那种人人都难以避免的一念之差,而是那种深入习俗、盘踞于人心深处的谬误与偏见。 19、一无所长的人总要嫉妒别人的长处,因为人的心灵不是靠自身的善滋养,就是以别人的恶为食。一个人缺此,必然要吞彼;一个人无望达到他人的长处,必然要压制别人的幸运来打个平手。 20、出生的幼崽总是其貌不扬,革新也莫不如此,因为它们都是时间的幼儿。 21、对舞台而言,爱情有时候是喜剧,有时是悲剧;但对人生来说,爱情却总是招致灾祸,它有时候像一位塞壬,有时候像一个复仇女神。 22、复仇心令人战胜死亡,爱令人蔑视死亡,荣誉感令人追求死亡,悲伤令人飞向死亡,恐惧令人全神贯注于死亡。

英美文学欣赏考题整理及答案

Part One:English Poetry 1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18 ?Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer?s day? And who could `thee` be? Because summer?s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love. ?What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why? Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May. ?How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? Thee is more beautiful than summer. ?What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal? Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal. ?What figures of speech are used in this poem? Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on . ?What is the theme of the poem? Love conquers all, Beauty lives on. 2. Thomas Nashe Spring ?Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images. There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!” The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit,”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people?s relationship. ?Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem? In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ]. 3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ?What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning? No, it is about the lover s?separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife?s love is sacred, he didn?t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.

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