序言
本文档整理了高中英语语法的所有知识，可供高中学生学习，高考复习之用
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高中语法大全
从中学英语教材编写来看，英语语法主要还是集中在高中阶段，高中语法不论是从他的深度或者难点要求来讲都比初中部分高的多，这要求我们更好，跟努力的学好英语语法，那么下面我们将高中语法项目逐一的像大家介绍：
一、过去将来时(the future in the past tense)
过去将来时多见于宾语从句中做间接引语，过去将来时是由助动词would+动词原型，这个would适合各种人称，或者是was/were going to+动词原型
He said he would go.
I wasn't sure if I would go.
I didn't know whether she was going to speak at the meeting.
He said they were going to meet at the gate.
二、过去完成时(the past perfect tense)
过去完成时的构成，是由助动词had+过去分词构成（had适合各种人称）
过去完成时陈述句的肯定和否定
I had(not) finished my work before he arrived.
Had you finished your work before he arrived?
Yes,I had. No,I hadn't.
用法：表示过去的某一时间或者某一动作之前已经发生或者完成了
He said that he had never seen such a beautiful bird before.
By the end of the match.they had kicked two goals and we had kicked four.
以下几点需要注意：
1、表示过去某时间之前发生的动作，她是和过去某一动作做比较的时候才可以使用
2、ago 和before 的用法是不一样的ago是指从现在往过去推移，过去的某一时刻some time ago 应该用用一般过去时before 是指过去某一时刻以前的概念，some time before 就应该用过去完成时
3、当从句由after，sooner，before等连词引导的时候，由于这些连词已经说明了动作发生的先后关系，所以不能是过去完成时了
三、被动语态(the passive voice)
语态是动词的一种形式，表示句中主语与谓语的关系，主语是动作的执行者的时候，谓语动
词是主动语态，而当主语是动作的承受者的时候谓语形式用被动语态
构成：be+及物动词的过去分词助动词be有人称和数的变化
初中有这几个
一般现在时am / are / is given
一般过去时was / were given
过去完成时has / have been given
现在进行时am / are / is being given
一般将来时shall / will be given am / are / is going to be given
含情态动词can / may / must be given
否定形式，是在第一个助动词的后面加上not
The children were not given any sweets yesterday.
The watch can't be fixed in two hours.
疑问形式及回答
Were the children given any sweets yesterday?
Yes,they were. No,they weren't.
Can the watch be fixed in two hours?
Yes , it can. No, it can't.
用法：当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时候，我们就用被动语态
It's produced in China.
They are made in Japan.
而当强调动作的承受着的时候我们也用被动语态
Was it built in 1860?
The pencils were made of wood?
主动语态与被动语态的转换，熟练的相互转换是一种重要技能
一般情况将宾语转换为主语，谓语动词主动变为被动，必要时主动句，主语由介词by引出放在被动句的末尾，如果不比说出则省略
Many people speak English.
English is spoken by many people.
The workers produce bikes in this factory.
Bikes are produced in this factory.
主动句中有双宾语，可以把当中任意一个作被动句的主语，通常将间接宾语作为被动句的主语，如果将直接宾语作为主语，那么要在间接宾语前面加介词to 或for
He give me a book.
I was given a book.
A book was given to me by him.
带有宾补的主动句变为被动，主动句的宾补就变成主补，宾语补足语变为主语补足语，通常放在句子的末尾。
We call him Jim.
He was called Jim.
在主句中下面的这些谓语动词make let see hear watch feel notice 主动时候不带to 变成被动的时候要带to
He made me sit there.
I was made to sit there.
在两种语态的互变过程中，正确识别句子的主语，也就是他的人称，也就是数，谓语动词，时态，和宾语的人称和数
还要注意一下几点，不及物动词不用于被动语态
She disappeared from the garden.
The meeting lasted for three hours.
It happened in 1984.
The war broke out in 1937.
They failed at last.
有些形式是及物动词，也不能用被动语态(fit suit hold pass suffer)
I have an English book.
An English book is had by me. 就是错的
一般及物动词的过去分词才能构成被动语态，因为只有及物动词才会有宾语，有些动词包括不及物动词加介词或者副词构成短语相当于及物动词可以有宾语，因而也可以构成被动语态，但我们要注意的是短语动词是一个不可分割的总体，在构成被动语态的时候不能丢掉构成短语的介词或者是副词
We have brought down the price.
The price has been brought down.
They will put up a notice on the wall.
A notice will be put up on the wall.
We must take good care of the children.
The children must be taken good care of.
主动与被动转换过程中主谓一致的问题
I have to write this article with much care.
This article has to be written with much care.
四、直接引语和间接引语(direct speech and indirect speech)
直接引语是直接陈述别人原话，一般前面那是要加引号的；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，大多数情况下构成一个宾语从句，一般不用引号
Mr.Black said,"I'm busy."
Mr.Black said that he was busy.
陈述句中直接变间接用陈述句连词that，在口语中that经常省略，从句中人称，指示代词，状语，地点状语，时态要有相应的变化
He said,"I like it very much."
He said that he liked it very much.
He said to me."I've left my book in our room ."
He told me that he had left his book in my room.
直接引语和间接引语转换的过程中要注意时态的变化，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时从句中谓语动词在时态方面要相应的变化，但主句的谓语动词是现在时，那么从句时态就无需变化(主要是注意其含义的变化）
He said,"I never smoke."
He said that he never smoked.
现在进行时到过去进行时
He said,"I'm using the knife."
He said that he was using the knife.
现在完成时到过去完成时的转换
She said ,"I have not heard from him since May."
She said that she had not heard from him since May.
一般过去时到过去完成时的转换
He said ," I came to help you ."
He said that he had come to help me.
过去完成时是不发生变化的(注意指示代词相应的变化) He said ,"I had finished my homework before supper.
He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
一般将来是转化为过去将来时
Zhou Lan said,"I'll do it after class."
Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.
下面将一下指示代词，时间状语，地点状语，和动词的变化She said ," I will do it this afternoon."
She said that she could do it that afternoon.
She said ,"These books are mine."
He said that those books were his.
Now -- then
He said , " It's nine o'clock now."
He said that it was nine o'clock then.
Today -- that day
He said ," I haven't seen her today."
He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
Yesterday -- the day before
She said ," I went there yesterday."
She said that she had gone there the day before.
Tomorrow -- the next day ( following day )
She said," I will go there tomorrow."
She said that she would go there the next day.
Here -- there
He said," my sister was here three years ago."
He said that his sister had been there three years before.
Ago -- before
She said," I met her five days ago."
She said that she had met her five days before.
Come -- go
She said ," I will come here this evening ."
She said that she would go there that evening.
在这些中也有一些例外，
1在客观真理中直接英语变为间接英语时态是不变的
She said ," light travels much faster than sound."
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
2 如果在当地转述，here就不用改成there，动词come就不必改成go，当天转述today，this evening tomorrow等时间状语也不用改变，我们要视具体的情况而定
He said ,"I will come this evening." 如果是今天转述就可以是
He said that he would come this evening.
祈使句中的直接引语和间接引语
转速祈使句的时候要将动词原型变为带to的不定式，并在不定式前面根据句子的意思加上tell ask order ==这些动词tell ( ask order ) someone (not ) to do sth. 及这些动词他们相应的宾语，如果祈使句为否定句，要在不定式前面加上not
She said to us ," Please sit down."
She asked us to sit down.
He said ," don't make so much noise ,boys."
He told the boys not to make so much noise.
疑问句中的直接引语和间接引语
疑问句变间接引语，要把疑问句的语序变为陈述句的语序，主语在谓语的前面，句末要用句号，主语的人称状语要做相应的变化
一般疑问句，变为间接英语，，中间要加连接词where或者if引导
He said ," Are you interested in English?"
He asked( me ) if I was interested in English?
He said ,"Did you see him last night?"
He asked(me) whether I had seen him the night before.
特殊疑问句，变间接英语的时候要用原来的疑问词来引导
" what do you want?" he asked me.
He asked me what I wanted.
五、定语从句( the attributive clause )
在复合句中修饰某一个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.
You must do everything that I do.
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面，应到定语从句的有关代词有以下这些who whom whose that which
引导定语从句的关系副词有when where why as 这些关系词都位于先行词和从句之间，起联系作用，而且从当定语从句的一部分，
定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句：在意义上不可缺少的，如果没有他在主句的意思上就不完整了，这种主从句之间的关系是密切的
Who foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.
Who is the person (whom)you just talked to?
Who在从句中指人，分别表主语和宾语
Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write. Whom做从句中介词宾语
The people with whom I am staying are very kind. 同样whom做介词宾语
Miss flower id the teacher whose house caught fire last autumn.
This is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher. 指人
The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired. 这句中whose指物
A plane is machine that can fly.
The noodles that I cooked were delicious. 做定语
Who is the man that is reading the book over there ? 指人，做主语
The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim's sister. 指人做宾语
在定语从句中which指物，在从句中做主语或宾语
They planted the trees which didn't need much water.
The fish (which) we bought were not fresh.
Who which 在定语从句中做介词的宾语有一下几种情况
介词放在关系代词前面，只能有who指人，which指物，而介词放在定语从句的末尾，就可以用that引导
The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner .
The village that she lives in is twenty kilometers away.
Whom which that 在限定性定语从句做动词的宾语的时候常常可以省略
The man I saw yesterday is Tom's father.
可以是The man that I saw yesterday is Tom's father.
介词的短语动词一般都会被拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面
Is this the watch which he was looking for ?
The babies whom the nurses are looking after very healthy.
由关系副词引导的限制性定于从句
When表示时间，在定语从句中做时间状语，它的先行词往往表示时间的名词
Time hour day year afternoon 也可以用on which，in which替代when
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
Where 表地点先行词place house等等
This is the house where we lived last year .
The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
关系副词why表原因，在定语从句中表原因状语，他的先行词只有表原因的reason
That was the reason why she changed that much.
下面将下非限制性定语从句，主句与从句关系不是很密切，去掉句子也完整，一般用逗号隔开，可用that why 以外的其他关系代词来引导
Yesterday I met Li Ping,who seemed to be very busy.
In Britain,which has a population of 55.8 million people, 110000 people die from smoking each year.
Abraham Lincoln,who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14,1865 at a theatre in Washington D.C.
先行词是专有名词，或者是一个独一无二的人或事物的时候一般要用非限制性定语从句，特别注意that 和as 的用法，常常在会在使用上出现问题，而这又是考试的重点
必须以that 引导的词anything everything
All that has been said at the meeting must be kept secret.
Is there anything in this book that is worth reading?
当先行词为序数词或者形容词最高级的时候用that来引导定语从句
The very, last only every the same
You are the only friend that I can trust.
当先行词被all any no little much few 也只能用that 来引导定语从句
You can take any apple that you like.
当先行词既包括人有包括物的时候只能用that
They are the right persons and things that we are looking for.
关系词as 引导限制性定语从句的用法通常与such ，the same 连用
I have never heard of such things as he told us.
Heat may travel the same way as light does.
As 引导时可以做前面或者后面的整个主句
This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.
As we know now ,heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back.
As we have seen,oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.
Which 引导的非限制性定语从句，也可以引导整个主句，但只能放在后面
He failed his exam ,which disappointed his mother.
六、情态动词( model verbs )
表示说话人对于某个动作，某个状态, 听说比较难把握
表行为，动作，状态情态动词不能单独做谓语动词，只能和动词一起构成谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化，英语中的情态动词有哪些呢，一起来看一下
Can could may might must ought to have to need dare shall should will would 下面我们逐项学习
Can could 表能力，许可
She can dance. You can do it tomorrow.
At that time I thought the story could be true.
Could 在很多情况可以代替can ，语气比较委婉
Could you finish it before next Tuesday?
I'm afraid I couldn't lend you the book.
Might 是may 的过去时，表示允许或征求对方的许可，有可以的意思，做这个意思的时候否定形式是may not ,,如果表示禁止，绝对不行用mustn't
You may take a rest now.
He asked me whether he might borrow my bicycle.
May might 否定形式may not must not (mustn't)
May I go home now?
Yes,you may.
No,you mustn't.
或No,you may not .
Might I use your phone?
表示可能性，或者可能委婉
He may be right.
You might lose your way.
He can not be rude.
表示祝愿或目的一般不用might
May you succeed.
We study hard in order that we may serve the people well.
Must have to ought to
Must 表主主观否定是needn't
Have to 表示必须，不得不有一般是将来是相应形式表达
He had to spend his childhood in doing hard work.
You don't have to worry about it .
Ought to 表示应该，语气较重，而且这种说法是比较正式的
Need 常用语否定句
He needn't pay for it .
Need I go now?
Yes,you must.
No,you needn't.
Dare 译为感恩，一般用于疑问句，否定句，感叹句，
How dare you say I'm unfair?
She dare not go there by herself.
Dare用做行为动词，和一般的行为动词用法是相同的
He doesn't need to pay for it.
Does he need to know it ?
Who dares to leave?
I don't dare to ask him.
Shall 表第三人称的意愿，威胁，强制，允诺
You shall go there at once.
Tell her that she shall have the dictionary tonight.
在疑问句中，shall 表示第三人称征求对方意见，请求指示
Shall I come at once?
Shall he have a look?
而should这个词表示劝告，和建议的时候译成应该
You should keep your promise.
Young people should learn to use computers.
Should还可以表示委婉的意见
I should like to have a talk with you.
Should have done 表示某事应在过去做，而没有做，有责备的意思在里面You should have been more careful.
He should have mailed the letter earlier.
Will would will 表示意志意愿用于各种人称
I will tell you all about it.
Come whenever you will.
He will not do it. 否定表示拒绝
疑问句用第二人称表对方的意愿，询问对方提出的请求
Will you stay here.
Will you please tell him? 这就是一种请求帮助
Will用于各种名称，表示一种习惯性，倾向性动作，总是，惯于，坚持Fish will die out of water.
He will sit for hours reading.
那么would是过去式，也是用于各种名称，
They said that they would help us.
Would 表示说话人的意愿，或者想对方提出请求，语气比will更加委婉一些
Would you like to join us?
I would like to have another cup of tee.
Would 还表示过去习惯动作，这和used to用法是相同的，过去常常做的事
When she was a student, she would get up early and read English.
My father used to go to work by bus.
七、动词的-ing分词及-ed分词
Ing 由动词加ing构成，初中是动词be 加ing形式构成进行时态
高中ing分词可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，以及补语
做主语
Collecting information is very important to businessmen.
Learning a foreign language is very useful to me.
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实
做宾语在一些动词后面动词用ing形式做宾语
Appreciate avoid consider dislike enjoy excuse finish give up can't help imagine mind miss keep put off practise resist risk suggest
He finished reading the book yesterday. 昨天我读完了这本书
I enjoy learning English. 我喜欢学习英语
Tom is thinking of looking for a new job. Tom想找一份新工作
在其他的一些动词
Allow permit forbid advise
We don't allow smoking here. 直接用词做宾语的时候需要用ing形式
He didn't allow his son to smoke. 接动作主语动词的时候则接动作主语加不定式的形式
做表语的情况
Seeing is believing.
The music is exciting.
ing 形式还可以做定语
There is a swimming pool in our school. Swimming 就是做pool这个词的定语
China is a developing country. 做country定语
The person translating these songs can speak seven languages. 划线的做person定语
The boy standing over there is a classmate of mine. 划线做boy定语
动词ing分词做宾语补足语
We heard her singing in her room.
You can see them performing every night this week at the theatre.
We watched the children diving into the water from the top diving board.
Ing形式做状语逻辑主语应该是主句的主语
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.
Being ill,she went home.
Having finished their work,they had a rest.
动词的ed分词，也就是过去分词，规则动词的ed分词由动词原型加词尾ed构成，而不规
则动词没有统一的规则，在初中英语中，ed分词与have一起构成句子谓语的完成时态，还可以与动词be一起构成被动语态，在高中的语法中我们还可以学到做定语表语宾补以及状语的用法，ed分词一般还可以表示完成被动的动作
Polluted air and water are harmful to people's health.
We were given printed question papers.
This is one of the houses built last year. 做定语修饰the house 分词的话就要房子名词的后面The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 2000000 silver pennies.found做定语修饰the largest collection
做表语
The cup is broken.
You shouldn't try to stand up if you are badly hurt.
做宾语补足语
He is going to have his hair cut.
I must get my bike repaired.
She had her foot injured in the fall.
ed分词做状语，动作的主语应该是主句的主语
Once seen ,it can never be forgotten.
She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.
Dr. Watson and I will spend the night locked in your room.
If bitten by a snake,you should send for help and walk.
When shot in the leg, he continued to fire back with his gun.
八、动词不定式(the infinitives)
在初中做过一些小结，这里我们系统讲一下，不定式是一个重要的语法项目，不定式具有动词的特点，也就是本身带有宾语状语及其他的成分，本身也有时间语态的表达方式除了不可以做谓语以外，其他句法都可以担任
It's good to do long-distance running. 这句中it是形式主语，不定式做真正的主语
To be good at learning is very important. 不定式做主语
做宾语
Afford decide demand desire expect fail manage hope wish plan promise pretend want
Jane planed to visit the Grate Wall. 做宾语
He pretended not to understand what I said. 他假装不理解我说的话
某些谓语动词加了疑问词可以做宾语，常见的动词有下面这些
Know teach learn show decide tell ask discuss
what which who when where how 疑问词和不定式一起构成宾语
Bill showed us how to develop films.
We don't know what to do next.
有些动词比如remember forget mean try stop
既可接不定式，也可以接ing做宾语，表示不同的意思
I must remember to take my notebook with me. 表示记住要做的事，还没有做
I remember seeing her somewhere. 表示记起做过的事，已经做过
The teacher asked the students to stop talking.
He stopped to talk.
做表语，一般不定式做表语表示一个未来的概念，那么与主语相对应的词通常Hope idea suggestion plan aim job
Her wish is to become a woman scientist. 用to不定式表示主语的内容
Our plan is to visit the Summer Palace first.
不定式做定语作定语是修饰名词或代词之后，通常有动宾关系
The professor has a lot of letters to answer.
They have some questions to ask the teachers.
做状语，首先做目的状语
He came here to have a medical examination.
We started off early so as to (in order to) catch the first bus.
做结果状语
No one is too late to learn.
The child is old enough to go to school.
不定式做状语还有做原因状语，常用于口语
I'm pleased to meet you.
She'll be glad to help you.
不定式做宾补
Ask tell want order call on allow teach force permit promise
My father allowed me to learn swimming.
The commander order his men to fire.
感官动词要求不带to的做宾补
See hear watch notice feel make let have
We'll have someone carry the bag for you.
Let me do it.
九、主语和谓语的一致(agreement)
谓语动词要在人称和数上和主语保持一致
I am seventeen.
She is sixteen.
There is a desk in the room.
There are no chairs in it.
John gets up at six o'clock every morning.
The woman with a baby in her arms was waiting for a bus in the rain.
They have not come yet.
Nobody knows who is going to win the competition.
What is the latest news about the Olympic Games?
两个并列的主语用and连接的时候一般谓语动词要用复数，
集体名词group class family army enemy 视为整体用单数，视为个体用复数My family is a large one.
The family are sitting at the breakfast table.
Our group are reading the newspapers. 强调每一个组的成员
This group is having a meeting. 强调我们组的一个整体
当下列这些词做主语要用复数people police
There are many people there.
The police are looking for the thief.
不定代词anyone anybody anything everyone everybody everything someone somebody something no one nobody nothing each the other 要用单数
Is anybody going to tell him the news?
There is nobody in the house.
Everything is ready.
Someone wants to see you.
代词none neither 通常单数复数看说话人把它当成单数还是复数
None of them have arrived yet.
None of them has arrived yet. 都是可以的
Neither of them know the answer.
Neither of them knows the answer.
当一个句子由两个主语而他们又是由either...or ,neither..nor连接的时候，谓语动词通常与邻近的词保持一致
Either Ann or Jane is from New Zealand. 西兰岛，丹麦最大岛
Neither he nor I have finished the experiment. 实验
There here 就近原则
There is a lamp,two books and three pens on the desk.
Here are some envelops and paper for you.
数词做主语，通常把数词作为一个整体，谓语动词用单数
Two and ten is twelve.
Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money.
Twenty years is a long time.
十、名词性从句(noun clauses)
同学们在初中都学过了宾语从句，除了宾语从句外呢还有主语从句，表语从句，以及同位语从句，他们在复合句中的作用都相当于一个名词，可担任主语宾语介词宾语表语和同谓语等等成分，因此把他们统称为名词性从句，下面我们分别谈谈这些名词性从句，首先谈谈主语从句：主语从句在复合句中做主句的主句，引导主语从句的词有连词that whether 连接代词who what which whose when where why
主语从句常常把it作为形式主语放在句首，而把从句放在主句之后
That she was here made us very happy.
Whether they will go is still a question.
Who will do the job is not important.
What we need is more time.
It's strange that he was absent yesterday.
It's a pity that you missed such a fine talk.
学习主语从句注意一下几点，
1、以连词that引导的主语从句，放在句首的时候绝对不可以省略that
2、用连接代词who what which 或连接副词when where等等来引导的主语从句以及其他的名词性从句不能不能在用连词that
3、主语从句如果用what whatever whoever等等来引导的话表示一个具体的人或者东西，这种从句不能用it作为它的形式主语
宾语从句，位于主句谓语动词后面充当宾语可由that what how whether if 引出，
I hear that you have been to Beijing.
I don't know what he will do.
Do you know whether / if he is free today?
He often thinks of how he can do more for the people.
学习宾语从句的时候注意以下几点，
1、引导宾语从句的连词that在从句中不做成分，在口语中是可以省略的，其他引导词都不可以省略的
2、跟在介词后面的宾语从句，一般都不是由that来引导的，只有下面5个介词可以用that 来引导except in but besides save
His account is correct except that some details are omitted.
表语从句：在复合句中做主句的表语，放在联系动词的后面
That whether as if who what which when where why how
The trouble is that you can't come.
This is where I live.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
表语从句有时也用because引起一般用this (that it) is because...
Why didn't you phone me last night?
It's because I didn't want to disturb you. 表示这是因为或者这是由于什么什么的缘故
同位语从句：用作同位语的从句顾名思义就是同位语从句，一般用在抽象概念词后面
Idea news fact question thought promise decision that when where how
Here comes the news that we will go to the park next week.
I have no idea when she will come.
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
我们在学习名词性从句注意what用法，有些语法书中单独列出来，由what引导的从句表示所说的话，或所讲的事物，而不表示究竟说了什么，what从句中可以充当主语，宾语等等可以引出主语从句宾语从句表语从句当代语法归于关系代词，所以不要把关系单词中的what和联系词中的what想混淆
That's what he wants.
I don't know what he wants.
十一、省略(ellipsis)
为了避免重复往往省略句子中的一个或者几个成分，我们把这种语法现象叫做省略，我们先看一下省略主语
( I ) Beg your pardon.
( It ) Sounds like a good idea.
省略谓语，或者谓语的一部分
They learn French and we (learn) English.
(Is there)Anything I can do for you?
省略宾语
Is Mr.Li in his office?
Sorry, I don't know (whether he is or not).
省略主语或谓语，或者主语谓语的一部分
(come) This way,please. 省略谓语
What do you want to eat?
(I want) Some rice and vegetables. 省略了主语和谓语
不定式to后面省略动词原型
Would you like to come to the party?
I'd love to (come to the party).
They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).
十二、倒装(inversion)
在英语中，主语和谓语通常是主语在前，谓语在后，但有时谓语或者谓语的一部分提到了主语的前面，这种现象叫倒装，倒装的原因一个是为了语法结构的需要，一个是为了强调，英语中常见的倒装句有下面的几个
Is breakfast ready yet?
Have you finished your homework? 这是为了语法结构的倒装
There be 中
There are some books on the desk.
There will be a football match this afternoon.
Here there out in up down away 等副词开头的
谓语动词come go rush fly 表示强调
There goes the bell.
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the children.
A way went the boy.
主语为人称代词的时候，主语谓语的语序是不变的
Here it is.
Away he went.
在直接英语一部分，放在句首的时候，倒装
"if you die,who will get your money?"asked Holmes. 划线部倒装
Only then did I realize that I was wrong. Only 放句首时倒装
Only in this way can you learn from your friends.
Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.
含有否定，或者半否定意思的副词或连词
Hardly never not not only little
Never shall I forget it.
Not a single mistake did he make.
Not only was there no electricity,but also no water.
So 放在句首表示前面说的情况，也是用于另一人，另一物
He likes rice very well,so do I.
He can ride a bike,so can I.
We saw the film last week,so did they.
把neither(nor) be+(have, 助动词或情态动词）+主语表前面否定的内容也适用另一个人或
物
I have never been aboard,neither has he.
I didn't read the notice on the blackboard,nor did he. 我没有看到通知在黑板上,他也没有。
为了保持句子的平衡，或者为了强调句子的表语或状语或者使上下文紧密衔接，也用倒装They arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy.
In the lecture hall sat Professor Brown.
Hardly(scarcely)...when, no sooner..than 谓语动词或者谓语动词与部分要前置
Hardly had I reached the station when it began to rain.
No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang.
在表达某些祝愿的句子里，谓语动词或者谓语动词的一部分放在前面
May you succeed!
十三、状语从句（the adverbial clause)
初中英语中涉及过状语从句，这里我们把高中部分的状语从句跟大家讲一下
状语从句：在复合句中修饰主句中的动词形容词或者副词等从句根据所表达的意思表示原因地点目的结果让步比较方式条件
比较状语从句than as...as not as(so)...as
I think it is as hot as yesterday.
English is as important as match.
Jane is not as (so ) tall as her sister.
结果状语从句so that so...that such...that
She is ill,so that she can't go to school. 结果状语从句，用so that引导
He ran so quickly that he won the race.
He made such rapid progress that he soon began to write articles in English.
方式状语从句as as if 引导(犹如，好像）
We must do as he tells us.
It looks as if our class won't be able to win the match.
让步状语从句though / although no matter how (what ,who)
Although the sea breaks up the waste,beaches may become polluted.
No matter how pure the water looks,I prefer not to drink it. 不管水有多纯，我还是不想喝
十四、构词法(word formation)
当掌握了一定数量的单词以后，不难发现词的构成是有一定规律，这种构词的规律叫做构词法，英语的构词法有下面几种
1、合成：两个或者两个以上的词构成词的方法叫合成，这种方法组成的新词一般从字面上仍然能看出词义fisherman homework nobleman shorthand reading-room dining-room pick-pocket 扒手break-water
2、合成形容词cold-blooded good-tempered 好脾气funny-looking 看起来很好笑ordinary-looking 看起来很普通man-made 人造machine-made
3、合成动词overcome oversleep eardrop sleep-walk white-wash 粉刷blacklist
4、转化一种次类向另一种词类转化，不发生词性的变化。
1 名词转化为动词
2 study（名词）study（动词）work（名词）work（动词）
2 拼法相同，汉语意思不同cook(名词）炊事员cook（动词) water（名词）water（动词）empty(形容词）empty（动词）free（形容词）free（动词）形容词转化为名词
动词转化名词record
拼法不变读音有变use（动词）use（名词）excuse（动词）原谅excuse（名词）借口
读音和拼法都有变化
Advise（动词）advice（名词）
Believe（动词）相信belief （名词）信仰
5、派生在词根上加前缀后缀形成新词的方法，前缀一般指改变词义，后缀一般改变词类的，常见的前缀
a- dis-(否定）en-(使可能）in-(im- ir- il-)(不非）inter-（相互之间），mis-(误）re-（又再）tele-(远程）un-（不）
Asleep(sleep）
Disappear(appear)
Encourage(courage)
invisible(visible)
illegal(legal)
Impossible(possible)
Irregular(regular)
International(national)
Misunderstand(understand)
Rewrite(write)
Telephone(phone)
Unfit(fit)
常见的后缀
名词-er -ese -ian -ist -ment -ness -or -tion
形容词-al -an -ern -ful -ble -ish -ive -y -less
动词-en -fy -ize
副词-ly -ward(s)
数词-teen -ty -th
名词farmer(farm) Chinese(China) musician(music) artist(art) government(govern) illness(ill) visitor(visit) invention(invent)
形容词physical(physics) American(America) southern(south) helpful(help) reasonable(reason) foolish(fool) active(act) cloudy(cloud) careless(care)
动词widen (wide) beautify(beauty) apologize(apology)
副词badly (bad) forwards(to)
数词fourteen(four) forty(four) twelfth(twelve)
到此为止高中部分的语法就为大家讲解完了，希望大家能够活学活用，能够在英语学习中不断的进步，get the success
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
O(∩_∩)O~人教版高一英语词组Unit1 1.argue about 争论….. 2. be fond of 喜欢….. 3. all the time 一直，始终 4. make fire 生火 5. develop a friendship建立友谊 6. care about 关心，担心 7. in order to 为了…… 8. hunt for 搜寻；追寻；寻找 9. such as 例如 10. make friends交朋友 11. be regard as被当作….. 12. click …away 点击……发送 13. make a difference有所不同 14 .drop sb. a line给某人写信 15 keep in mind记住 16.at the end of 在…..的末尾 wake up醒来 wander off 漫步 most of the time 大部分时间 either…or… 或……或……
each other 互相 spend…(in)doing s th 花费时间做某事 be determined to do 决定做…… think about 看法 for example 举例子 work out 得出；解决 argue for 为……辩护 argue with 与……争论/争辩 argue against 争辩…… set up （具体）设置；安装/（抽象）建立do some research 做研究 choose to do sth. 宁愿、偏要、决定做某事catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意 care for 照顾 be intended for/to do 为……而准备、预定reach a doctor 找到医生 must have done 一定是；想必是 get a training 得到训练 as well as ……也 second to 次于 get sb. into使某人进入/陷入 story after story 一个故事接着一个
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
《高中英语语法大全》(word下载版) 本文件内容丰富，讲解详细，层次分明，重点突出，包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等，是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy 男孩，mother 母亲，news 消息，progress 进步，computer 计算机，Tom 汤姆，Paris 巴黎，Japan 日本，furniture 家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary 玛丽，Mr Green 格林先生，Beijing 北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl 女孩，pen 钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood 木头，meat 肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family 家庭，crowd 人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work 工作，happiness 幸福，等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾 -s： book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es： bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注：有些以 ch 结尾的名词，由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以―元音字母＋y‖结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building
《高中英语语法大全》 本文件内容丰富，讲解详细，层次分明，重点突出，包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等，是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy 男孩，mother 母亲，news 消息，progress 进步，computer 计算机，Tom 汤姆，Paris 巴黎，Japan 日本，furniture 家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary 玛丽，Mr Green 格林先生，Beijing 北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl 女孩，pen 钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood 木头，meat 肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family 家庭，crowd 人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work 工作，happiness 幸福，等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾 -s： book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es： bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注：有些以 ch 结尾的名词，由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙
英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。 如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或 代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如： Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。 通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我 的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible
个人整理切勿外传 按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn't matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn't matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn't matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
高中英语语法大全 一、词类和句子成分 1、词类：英语词类十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词 (n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如： 2、代词 (pron.) ：主要用来代替名词。如： 3、形容词 (adj..) ：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如： 4、数词 (num.) ：表示数目或事物的顺序。如： 5、动词 (v.)：表示动作或状态。如： 6、副词 (adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如： 7、冠词 (art..)：用在名词前 ,帮助说明名词。如： 8、介词 (prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如 9、连词 (conj.) ：用来连接词、短语或句子。如 10、感叹词 (interj..) 表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如： ※英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。 人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称主格I you he ,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 she it we you they 宾格me you him her it us you them 物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词形容词性my your ,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 his her its our your their 名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。是一种表示反射或强调的代词。 第一人第二人第三人称单数第一人称第二人称 第三人称复数称单数称单数男女物体复数复数 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 2、句子成分：8 种：主谓宾、定状补、表语和同位语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I ’ m Sarah. 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做 (什么 )”。主要由动词担任。如： Jack cleans the room everyday. 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语身份或特征。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：She is beautiful. 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word. 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物 ,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。如：He wrote me a letter. 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词担任。如： Shanghai is a big city. 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,说明时间，地点、原因，状态等通常由副词或介词短语担任。 如： He is standing in the classroom. 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面 ,进一步说明它的情况。如：Ma Yun, a great businessman, created Taobao Company. 二、简单句 1、简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语 )和一个谓语 (或并列谓语 )构成。 简单句五大句型 1）主谓： -I sleep. -In youth, we learn. 2）主谓宾： -Ilovebooks. 3）主谓 +双宾： - Mary give me an apple. -直接宾语是指与谓语动词直接发生联系的名词通常是物 -间接宾语是动作所指向的方向通常是人 give sb sth (sb 是间宾sth 是直宾 )=give sth to sb cook sb sth (sb 是间宾sth 是直宾 )=cook sth for sb 4)主+谓 +宾 +宾补 -I found the book easy. -He makes me cry.
句子成分 (M e m b e r s o f a S e n t e n c e) 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成（祁使句除外）——主语和谓语。主语是一个句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述的是什么，谓语则用以说明主语的情况，它在人称和单复数形式上应与主语保持一致。 除了主语和谓语，句子有时还需要其他的成分，如用在系动词后表明主语性质，特征，状态或身份的表语，用在及物动后，表示行为对象或结果的宾语，修饰或限定名词或代词的定语，修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或全句的状语以及对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，名词化的形容词，动词不定式，动名词或从句。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不能再接对象（即宾语），这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。 Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 2. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 4. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 5. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 6. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 7. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 系动词分三类：1）表示人或事物的身份特征或状态:appear, be, feel , look, seem, smell,sound, taste。例如look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻，taste good/尝起来不错； 2)表示状态的变化：become,come,fall,go,get, grow, turn,prove等；例如become cold/变冷，go grey/变灰白, (dreams) come true/（梦想）实现； 3)表示某种状态的延续或持续：continue，remain, stay, keep 等。例如keep silent/保持沉默，stay fine/仍然很好。
第一主题英语语法系统全解（一） 第1章动词时态 2-4楼 第2章被动语态 5-7 楼 第3章虚拟语气 9-11 楼 第4章情态动词 12-16楼 第5章动词不定式 17-20 楼 第6章动词的ing形式 21-24楼 第7章过去分词 25-27楼 第8章独立主格结构 28－30楼 第9章名词性从句 31－33楼 第10章定语从句 35－40楼 第11章状语从句（一） 40－45楼 第11章状语从句（二） 第12章直接引语和间接引语 第13章倒装 第14章强调 第15章省略 第16章主谓一致 动词时态－－一般时 第一章动词时态（一） 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。 一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。
A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。 “我’为开头做称呼的是第一人称 ‘你’怎么怎么样是第二人称 ‘他她它’是第三人称 第三人称就是第三人称转述。 例：小兰对妈妈说：“我要出去玩了” 第三人称：小兰对妈妈说，她要出去玩了。 第三人称，就是说是叙述性质的，没有人的语言，是旁白在记叙！ 以我的角度说，就是第一人称； 以和你说的角度说，就是第二人称； 站在事情外说事情，他怎么怎么样，那就是第三人称了 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
第一主题高中英语语法系统全解（一） 第1章动词时态2-4楼 第2章被动语态5-7 楼 第3章虚拟语气9-11 楼 第4章情态动词12-16楼 第5章动词不定式17-20 楼 第6章动词的ing形式21-24楼 第7章过去分词25-27楼 第8章独立主格结构28－30楼 第9章名词性从句31－33楼 第10章定语从句35－40楼 第11章状语从句（一）40－45楼 第11章状语从句（二） 第12章直接引语和间接引语 第13章倒装 第14章强调 第15章省略 第16章主谓一致 动词时态－－一般时 第一章动词时态（一） 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。 一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。
A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。 Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music.
超级全的高中英语语法总结，高一高二高三都要看！ 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as;so…as;the same…as;as…as 注意：the same…as表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时.
高中英语语法大全:表语从句 1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1)从属连词that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。(2)从属连词whether,as,as if。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：All this was over twenty years ago,but it's as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。如：It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词where,when,how,why。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释：1.连词because可引导表语从句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。 2高中英语语法大全:主语从句 1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1)从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词whether。如：Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词where,when,how,why。如：What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 3高中英语语法大全:宾语从句 1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类： (1)从属连词that。如：He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。 1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom 非常害怕。 2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。