一、英译
domestic business 国内贸易ecomomic globalisation 经济全球化host country 东道主国家
intellectual property 知识产权non-tariff barriers 非关税贸易壁垒portfolio investment 证券certificate deposit大额存单management contract 管理合同 contract manufacturing 承包生产
Turkey project 交钥匙工程wasted interests 既得利益 BO
BOT(build,operate,transfer)建设
personal advancement个人晋升service industry 服务产业National product 国民产值
per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值staple goods大路货 organization of economic and development 经济合作commonwealth of idpendent States 独立国家联合体 creditor country 债权国 ASEAN东南亚国家联盟 PPP（pu organization of petroleum exporting countries（OPEC）north 石油输出国组织 American free trade agre economic integration 经济一体化 common market 共同市场 sovereign state 主权国家 political entity day to day running 日常管理 the parent MNE 多国公司母公司 National economic welfare 国
self-sufficient 自给自足的 farm produce 农产品 the endowments of Nature 自然禀赋 pe
production capability 生产能力 consumption preference 消费偏好 cost advantage 成本优势
customs clearance 结关 EDI 电子数据交换 incoterms 国际贸易术语解释通则 destination po
trade fair 交易会 international trunk call 国际长途 the business line 业务范围 force
leverage 杠杆作用 trade credit account 贸易信贷往来账户 centrally planned economy 中央计划经济 com financial market 金融市场 vertically related 纵向关联的 procession trade 加工贸易 leasing trade 租to open account 开立账户 consignment transaction 寄售交易 a usance draft 远期汇票 documentary colle periodic payments 分期付款 clean draft 光票 insurance policy 保险单 documents against acceptance 承impeccable documents 正确无误单据 correspondent bank 往来行 advising bank 通知行 confirming bank 保credit-worthiness 信誉 opening bank 开证行 the paying bank 付款行 the negotitation 议付行 partial irrevocable credit 不可撤销的信用证 sight credit 及期信用证 deferred payment credit 推迟付款信用证face value 面值 net proceeds 净值 discount charges 贴现费 non-trade settlement 非贸易结算 revolving consignor 托运人 consular invoice 领事发票 notify party 被通知人 credit terms 信用证条款 terms of p time lag 时差 claim on goods 对货物的索赔 all risks 一切险 premium 保险费 insurer 保险人 common poo settlement of a claim 理赔 freight forwarder 货运代理行 utmost good faith 最大诚信原则 valued polic exchange rate 汇率 balance of payment 收支平衡 directo quote 直接标价 buying rate 买入价 financial gold standard 金本位制 gold par value 金平价 interaction of supply and demand 供求关系变化 foreig fixed exchange rate 固定汇率 par value 平价 the international bank of reconstruction and developm reserve currency 储备货币 the special drawing right 特别提款权 favorable balance of payment 贸易顺financial resources 资金 retained capital 预留资金 grace period 宽限期、优惠期 a specialized mand the international monetary fund 国际货币基金组织 IDA the international development association 国际private sector 私营经济 tax holiday 免税期 Greenfield strategy 绿地战略 customer mobility 客户流动 VER，voluntary export restriction 自动出口限制 after-sale service 售后服务 distribution network 销售government stock 政府债券 market maker 股票经营商 standing committee 常务委员会 underlying securit long-term capital 长期资本 fixed interest stocks 定息股 SEAQ（stock，exchange，automated，quotatio the domestic equity market 国内普通股市场 the gilt-edged market 金边证券市场 the trade options mark listed market 过牌证券交易市场 VAT（value added tax）增值税 institutional investors 事业机构投资商a uniform tariff system 统一关税体系 the optional use of the resources 资源的最佳利用 a provisional non-discriminate principle 非歧视原则 export subsidy 出口补贴 escape clause 豁免条款 a new economic UNGA（united nations general assembly）联合国大会 principle of a differential treatment 差别待遇原trade and development board 贸易发展理事会 income distribution 收入分配 infrastructure基础设施 for free trade area 自由贸易区 European union 欧盟 Asia-Pacific economic co-operation（OPEC）亚太经合组shareholder股东 manufacturing facilities 生产设施 international economic environment 国际经济环境 productive resources 生产资源 ready markets 现成的市场 continued survival 持续生存 the distributi the theory of comparative advantage 比较利益理论 the multual beneficial trade 互利贸易 the reserves CIF 肩负运费保险费货架 trade terms 贸易条款 amendment to the letter of credit 修改信用证 container bill of lading 提单 quotation 报价to make an offer 发盘 the validity periodi有效期 mode of payment付bilateral agreement双边协议 barter易货贸易 vertical combination垂直合并、纵向组合 hyperinflation极go bankrupt 破产 lead to loss of business 导致损失业务 open account 记账交易 commercial letter of c confirmed credit保兑信用证 usance credit远期信用证 face value票面价值 capital turnover资金周转 con port of shipment 装运港 commercial invoice商业发票 customs invoice海关发票 consular invoice 领事发 net weight 净重 Gross weight 毛重 primitive mode of production原始的生产方式 the free movement of commercial intercourse 商业交流 margin保证金 investment in stocks股票投资 cargo insurance货物保险 v
handmaiden 起服务作用的事物 subrogation代位追偿 the doctrine of proximate近因原则 ope
freight fowarder 运输代理行 utmost good faith 最大诚信（原则）life or personal accident insurance人world capital market世界资本市场 the cost of borrowing（lending）借贷成本 net earning净收入 equity IFC，international finance corporation 国际金融公司 official reserves 官方储备 voting power 投票权 stand by arrangement 备用（贷款）安排 mid-term loans 中期贷款 joint venture合资公司 acquisition并购sales volume 销售量 existing debts 现存的债务 backward equipment陈旧的设备 out-moded management pro the issue and trading of securities证券的发行与交易 a consultative mechanism协商机制 bilateral ne
multilateral trade system多边贸易体系 the general agreement on tariff and trade关税及贸易总协定 technology transfer技术转让 commodity agreement商品协议 preferential优惠关税 the new internation compensatory measures补偿措施 collaboration 合作
二、barrier——things that prevents or controls progress or movement；hindrance
licence——official document showing that permission has been given to own，use or do something；pe patent——the right to be the only maker and seller of article
profit——money left over as earning after all expences have been paid
franchise——formal permission to sell a company‘s goods or services in a particular area potentia——what sb. Or sth. Is capable of
clue——fact，idea，etc. that suggest a possible answer to a problem
spur——to urge or encourage
proximity——nearness
hemisphere——half a sphere；half the earth
witness——be present at and see；give evidence of
autonomy——self-government,freemdom
landmark——event，Discovery，change,etc. that marks a stage or turning-point
veto——right to reject or forbid something
commissioner——member of a commission，sep. one with particular duties
acclaim——welcome with shouts of approval；applaud loudly
adverse——unfavorable；contrary or hostile
controversial——likely to cause controversy
predominance——superiority in strength，numbers，etc.
intervene——interfere so as to prevent sth. Or change the result
distribution——the movement of goods and materials from place to place
define——state precisely the meeaning of
efficiency——competency in performance
scarce——insufficient in number or amount to meet a demand readily
endowment——money；property，etc. given to provide an income
perishable——esp.of food quickly or easy going bad
coincide——（of ideas,etc.）be in harmony or agreement
refund——pay back money to sb
concession——conceding,that which is conceded,esp. after discussion，a difference of
impose——lay or place tax,duty,etc. on
climate——a prevailing attitude，atmosphere，or conditions
degenerate——deteriorate
respective——belonging to each of those in questions
interpretation——explanation
revise——change
binding——compulsory
confirmation——approval
to set forth——to detail
claim——a demand for something that is legally due
refusal——turning down
drastically——violently
sophisticated——complex，complicated，intricate
phenomenon——a fact ,occurrence，or circumstance observed or observable concurrently——simultaneously，meanwhile，at the same time
literally——in accordance with the strict meaning of the Word or text
debtor——a person who owes money
draft——an unconditional order to someone to pay a sun of money
fluctuation——irregular movement of(prices,exchange rates etc.)
ban——prohibit，forbid
drawee——the person to whom a draft is drawn
credit-worthiness——being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment
applicant of an L/C——the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C beneficiary——the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export discrepancy——difference，absence of agreement
reimburse——pay back to somebody for the expense he has spent
impeccable——faultless
insolvent——unable to pay debts
maturity——becoming due
middle man——trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer
sustain——suffer
certificate of inspection——a document certifying that merchandise was in good condition at the ti shiping advice——a written notice from the exporter to the importer after shipment for taking deli certificate of weight——a document stating the weight of a shopment
conformity——action，behavior，in agreement with what is usually accepted or required
carrier——a personnel or organizations whose business is carrying goods from one place to another primitive——being the first or earliest of the kind
intercours——dealings or communications between individuals or between countries entrepreneur——a person who organize and manages an enterprise
limelight——a position at the center of public attention
shackle——a fastening or coupling device
compensation——sth. Given or received as an equivalent for loss
survey——to know or study in a comprehensive way
circumstance——existing conditions or state of affairs
client——customer
underwriter——insurance company，the insurer
crucial——vital or decisive importance
platinum——gray,untarnishable metal used for jewellery
negligent——careless and difference
diminish——to make or become smaller or less
brand-new——quite new，as if freshly stamped with a brand
peg——to keep fixed or unchanged
redeem——to repay or pay off,esp.loan stock,debentures and preference shares or stock settlement——the act of paying a bill,debt,charge,etc.
exchange rate——the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency fluctuation——upward and downward movements in the economic system
guarantee——a formal promise or assurance
charter——written description of an organization's function
mitigation——the act of making less serious
to sponsor——to put up the money for
convention——a formal agreement
acquisition——company expansion through the purchase of other business
rebate——reduce
tax holiday——a period of time which tax is not levied
return——the gain from an investment，either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the in access——a way by which a place，esp. property of other business
statue——a law enacted by the action of the legislature
practitioner——someone involved in a usually skilled job or activity
sophisticated——highly developed and complex
standard——of recognized and permanent value
expertise——expert skill，knowledge or judgment
draft——preliminary version
preamble——opening statement
unanimous——in complete agreement
optimal——best or most favourable
biennial——recurring every two yaers
perennial insistence——repeatedly demanding
exploitation——taking advantage of others for one's own benefit
to adapt to——to adjust to
cooperation——working together
colony——a country controlled politically by another powerful country
三、英对expertise——expert knowledge or skill
joint venture——a commercial undertaking by two or more people，differing from a partnership in th partnership——a contractual relationship between two or more people in a joint enterprise，who agr distribution——a person who sends goods from those who uuse them
portfolio——the entire collection of investment in the form of stocks，bonds，or certificate of de assess——to judge an amount or value
spur——to urge or encourage
infrastructure——large-scale public service，such as water and power supplies，road，rail and radi PPP——purchasing power parity
consumerism——considerable desire to make purchase for consumption
liberalize——of trade ,the act of government in lifting control over imports and expo detour——route that void a blocked road；deviation
erode——wear away ，eat into
integration——combine into a whole
envisage——pictures in the mind sa a future possibility；image
affliate MNC——it is associated or controlled by its parent MNVwithout losing its own identity profit——the money gained in a business deal,especially the difference between the amount earned a inflation——a general rise in prices within an economy,accompanied by a reduction of the value of revenue——the money received by a firm from selling its output of goods or servises or money earne host country——in international trade ,the country in which a multinational corporation is active，
international trade——the exchange of goods and services between countries through exports and imp absolute advantage——an advantage possessed by a country engaged in international trade when，usin specialization——to restrict one's economic activities to certain particular fields intuitive——relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or capital——the contribution to productive activity made by investment in physical capital and in hu
demand——the desire of consumers to obtain goods and services
economies of scale——the long run reduction in average costs that occurs as scale of the firm's ou cost——the amount of money paid a charged for goods or service
tariff——a form of tax that is levied on imports。
non-tariff barrier——all public regulations and government practices that introduce unequal treatm
incoterms——a set of international rules published by the international chamber of Chinese，Paris，EDI——an electronic system that sends specially-prepared documents direct from the computer of one
transport document can be transferred from oneperson
negotiable transport document——
FOB——
customs clearance——the formalities necessary to satisfy the customs officers before they will all
contract——a legally binding agreement made between two or more5people
transaction——the act of doing business or carrying out a business deal
terms of payment——the terms agreed upon between a seller and a buyer regarding a transaction with trade fair——a big exhibition where manufacturers and sellers of similar or related products displ arbitration——the setting of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a court of
barter——the direct exchange of goods for other goods without the use of money as a medium of exch hyperinflation——an extreme forma of inflation；the situation that exists in a economy when the mo buyback——an agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of th compensation trade——an agreement by which a company agrees to build a plant or to sell technology protectionism——the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relativel exchange rate——the radio between one currency unit and the number of units of another currency at bill of exchange——a signed document that orders a person or an organization，to pay a fixed sum o a sight draft——a bill of exchange that must be paid immediately is presented for payment usance——the time limited allowed on the payment of foreign bill of exchange
d ocuments ar
e handed over to the importer upon his accept
documents against acceptance——
letter of credit——a written instruction by a bank or some other financial institution.
a correspondent bank——a bank which acts as an agent for another bank
unit price——the price of an item
clause——part of legal document that deals with a particular item or condition in it
document credit——a letter of credit to which a number of other document sucn as shipping documen
irrevocable credit——a letter of credit that can only be cancelled with the agreement
confirmed credit——a letter of credit to which the paying bank has added its guarantee that paymen sight credit——a letter of credit where the beneficiary has the right to receive payment immediate discount——the amount by which the value of a draft is reduced if bought before it is due for paym
commission——the amount paid to an agent，which may be an individual，a broker，or a financial ins insurance policy——broadly,the entire written contract of insurance.More specifically，it is the b freight prepaid——words written on a bill of lading by the shipowner to record that the freight ha
productivity——the relation between the output or amount produced in a given period and one unit o intermediate products——goods that enter into the production of other goods
deregulation——the ending of a syetem of regulation ,esp.,by a government
final goods——those goods used for the purpose of consumption and not utilized inputs by firms in just-in-time inventory——making or ordering only just enough parts or materials for the factory's common pool——a fund contributed by all insured parties in the name of premium against certain ris claim——a demand made by an insured party on the insurer for the payment under an insurance policy premium——the money paid by the insured to the insurer in return for insurance cover or benefits p reserves——in a business，amount set aside from profit to meet contingencies or for future investm contribution——the share of a loss which will be borne by each insurer in proportion to the face v
gold reserves——the stock of gold coin and bullion held by a note-issuing bank in a cuuntry on the money circulation——money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services devaluation——the act of a government in a reducing bu law the exchange value of its currency in u offset——to set one value against another or as the same level
par——equal in level ,on the same level
grace period——an extra length of time given to a debtor to repay money owing
credit——a financial facility that enables a person or business to borrow money to purchanse and t equity investment——a type of investment by buying the ordinary shares of a company
capital infrastructure——the basic physical requirements，without which the industry cannot functi
quota——a limited placed by a government on the amount of iimputs or commodity
VER——an agreement by a country's exporters or government to limit their promoters of mergers synergy——cbenefits from combing different business，normally claimed by the promoters of mergers intellectual property——certain non-tangible assets held,principally covering the areas of patent joint venture——a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms stock exchang——a market where stocks and shares are bought and sold under fixed rules,but at pric stock——in UK,it refers to instruments where payment is by way of interest；in US，it
capital market——markets where corporations and government sell securities to investo
broker——a general term for a person who acts as a middleman between a buyer and sellers of goods option——a contractual agreement between a buyer and a seller to buy or sell a particular security most-favored nation clause——an understanding principle of the WTO whereby each country undertakes fair trade ——in international trade ,the pinciple that maintains that there should only be free t full empoyment——an economic situation in which all persons physically and mentally capable of doi international trade organization——conceived as a complement to the bretton woods institutions——the uruguay round——the round of multilateral trade negotiations under the GATT that commenced in
escape clouse——the GATT article XIX,also called "safeguard" article .
transfer of technology——a comlicated aspect of international business
special drawing rights——an international reserve asset introduced by the IME members that the ce terms of trade_——a measure of the trading success of a country by comparing the prices of its imp
preferential customs tarif——a lower tariff on a product from one country than is app
四、
1、国际贸易一般是指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂的多
1、international business refers to transaction between parties from different countries。It i
2、有形贸易是指将在一国生产或制造的商品，出口或进口到另一国消费、转售
2、Visible trade refers to exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one countr
3、外国直接投资，简称FDI。投资者通过控制其投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。
3、foreign direct investment or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enter 1、国民生产总值指一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值
1、GNP refers to the market value of goods and service produced by the property and labour owned
2、世界各国被世界银行分为三大类 ：高收入国家、中等收入国家、低收入国家
2、countries of the world are devided by the world bank into three categories of high-income,mid
3、日本和中国是重要的贸易合作伙伴，两国经济互补，又是一衣带水的近邻。中日贸易关系对两国都有重要的意 3、with mutually complementary economy，Japan and China are major trade partners,and the two cou
1、过去几十年，地区经济一体化的作用越来越重要。
2、1957年具有历史意义的《罗马条约》
、英译汉
道主国家
portfolio investment 证券投资GNP（Gross Nationalproduct国民生产总值
acturing 承包生产per capita income 人均收入
transfer)建设、经营、移交customs union 关税联盟
durable equipment 耐用设备European commission 欧盟委员会
and development 经济合作与发展组织dual-ministerial meeting 双部长会议
EAN东南亚国家联盟 PPP（purchasing，power，parity)购买力平价
American free trade agreement（NAFTA）北美自由贸易协定
主权国家 political entity 政治实体 board of directors 董事会
welfare 国家经济利益 the legal jurisdiction 法律管理范围
erfect competition 完全竞争 o output perman-year of labour 人均年产量
age 成本优势 large-scale production 大规模生产 international chamber of commerce国际商会
on port 目的港（cost and freight)成本加运费 binding obligation 有约束力的义务
务范围 force majeure 不可抗力 cross-border contact 进出口合同 clearing system 清算系统
economy 中央计划经济 competitive devaluations 竞争性贬值 protectionism 贸易保护主义
加工贸易 leasing trade 租赁贸易 counter trade 对销贸易 financial status 财务状况
远期汇票 documentary collection 跟单托收 fulfill obligation 履行责任 a sight draft 及期汇票
ents against acceptance 承兑交单 documents against payment 付款交单 letter of credit 信用证
通知行 confirming bank 保兑行 transportation clause 运输条款 physical delivery of the goods 实际交货
otitation 议付行 partial shipments 分批运输 carrying vessel 运载船只，载货船只 clean credit 光票信用证
ent credit 推迟付款信用证 non-transferable credit 不可转让信用证 maturity of the draft 汇票到期
ment 非贸易结算 revolving credit 循环信用证 freight prepaid 运费预付 prepare documents 缮制单据
rms 信用证条款 terms of payment 付款条件 shipping advice 装船通知 term of delivery 交货条件
insurer 保险人 common pool 共同基金 frame work 构架、组织 insurable interest 可保利益
最大诚信原则 valued policies 有价保单 follow principles 遵循原则
ing rate 买入价 financial policies 金融政策 international monetary system 国际货币体系
mand 供求关系变化 foreign exchange control 外汇管制 flexible exchange rate system 浮动汇率制
construction and development 国际复兴开发银行 the bretton woods conference 布雷顿森林会议
balance of payment 贸易顺差（deficit逆差） clean float 清洁浮动 dirty float 肮脏浮动
优惠期 a specialized mandate特殊使命 direct investment 直接投资 retained earnings 留存的盈余
elopment association 国际开发协会 world bank group 世界银行集团 hard loans 硬贷款
stomer mobility 客户流动 investment returns 投资回报 Start from scratch 白手起家
distribution network 销售网络 strategic Alliance 战略联盟 secondary capital market 二级资本市场
委员会 underlying securities 基础证券 the stock exchange 证券交易所 capital-raising market 资本筹集市场ange，automated，quotations system）证券交易自动报价系统 RIE（recognized investment exchange）制定投资交易所 场 the trade options market 期权交易市场 the foreign equities market 外国股票市场 income tax 所得税
investors 事业机构投资商 global trade rules 世界贸易规则 the reciprocal tariff concession list 互惠关税减让表源的最佳利用 a provisional treaty 临时条款 the generalized system of preference （GSP）普惠制
e 豁免条款 a new economic order 新经济秩序 trade concessions 贸易减让 preferential customs tariffs特惠税
ntial treatment 差别待遇原则 industrialization process 工业化 invisible trade 无形贸易
nfrastructure基础设施 foreign currency reserve 外汇储备 regional economic integration 区域经济一体化
peration（OPEC）亚太经合组织 council ministers 部长理事会 multinational enterprises 跨国企业
environment 国际经济环境 multi-polarization 多极化 economies of scale 规模经济 put into circulation 投入流通 持续生存 the distribution of natural resources 自然资源分配 the primary commodities 初级产品
ade 互利贸易 the reserves of natural resources 资源储备 technology innovation 技术创新 patterns of trade 贸易edit 修改信用证 container transport 集装箱运输 CPT运费付至 customs formalities 海关手续
di有效期 mode of payment付款方式 arbitration仲裁 an counter offer 还盘 net position实际头寸
纵向组合 hyperinflation极度通货膨胀 credit standing资信状况 exchange rate fluctuation 汇率浮动变化
易 commercial letter of credit商业信用证 the beneficiary受益人 transshipment转船 the uniform customs and prac tal turnover资金周转 consignee收货人 airway bill空运提单 certificate of origin产地证书 shipping marks 运输标票 consular invoice 领事发票 pro forma invoice形式发票 price terms 价格条款 commission 佣金
方式 the free movement of goods，capital and personnel货物、资本、人员的自由流动 common carriers 公共承运人cargo insurance货物保险 valued exposed to loss损失的价值 transpor multi-modal运输方式多种多样
近因原则 open policy预约保单 EPA平安险 WPA水渍险 written statements 书面形式 proposal form 提议形式
onal accident insurance人身险或人寿保险 pro rata 按比例 indirect quote间接标价 adjustable peg 可调整的钉住制 net earning净收入 equity investment产权（股票）投资 economic restructuring 经济结构调整
储备 voting power 投票权 design and implementation 制定并执行，设计并实施 ，cut across sectoral lines 超越部门e合资公司 acquisition并购 biogenetics生物遗传学 inventory 存货 the rates of investment returns投资回报率
out-moded management procedures落后的管理程序 compensation fund补偿基金 gilt金边债券
ism协商机制 bilateral negotiation双边谈判 the signatory countries签约国 full employment充分就业
d trade关税及贸易总协定 multilateral negotiations多边协商，多边谈判 international organizations国际组织
关税 the new international economic order国际经济新秩序 simple majority 简单多数 terms of trade 贸易条件、进
二、连线题
，use or do something；permission
particular area
e o
f opinion，an argument,etc.
ayment
ent of an L/C
good condition at the time of
shipment for taking delivery of the goods
or required
rom one place to anothers for a price called hire
stock
her currency
fit on the sale of the investment
、英对英
from a partnership in that it relates to the disposition of a single lot of goods or the termination of a sp joint enterprise，who agree to share,not necessarily equally，in the profits and losses of the organization nds，or certificate of deposits for purpose other than controlling
lies，road，rail and radio communication，etc.needed to support economic activities，esp.industry，trade and
rts and exports
sing its own identity
tween the amount earned and the amount spent
eduction of the value of money
r servises or money earned by government from taxation
al corporation is active，but which is not the home country of that corporation
s through exports and imports
national trade when，using a given resource input ，it is able to produce more output than other countries po lar fields
hing without reasoning or study
hysical capital and in human capital。
as scale of the firm's output is increased
introduce unequal treatment for domestic and foreign goods of the same or similar production
hamber of Chinese，Paris，for deciding the exact meanning of the chief terms
from the computer of one company to that of another，so avoiding delays and improving service to customs cers before they will allow goods to the cleared from customs for dispatch or delay elsewhere
arding a transaction with respect to the mode and timen-lable of payments
or related products display their goods，meet customers and each other
rather than by a court of law.
money as a medium of exchange and without the involvement of a third party
in a economy when the money supply is being increased very rapidly，resulting in an increase of over 20% in in the future part of the output produced by the goods as full or partial payment
ant or to sell technology into a country .
ports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers
ts of another currency at which it is possible to exchange the two at a given time
ion，to pay a fixed sum of money on demand or on a certain date to the person specified
nted for payment
on his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter，payment will be paid on a latter date
l institution.
ition in it
sucn as shipping document have been joined by the exporter to obtain payment from the bank
he agreement of the beneficiary
its guarantee that payment will be made against presentation of certain documents
receive payment immediately，either by presenting a sight draft or any negotiable document payable on present before it is due for payment
roker，or a financial institution，for communicating a transaction involving sale or purchase of assets or se specifically，it is the basic written or printed document，as well as thecoverage forms and eendorsement adde ecord that the freight has been paid in advance.
ven period and one unit of the products of the factors of production employed in a producing that output
lized inputs by firms in the process of production
erials for the factory's immediate needs，so avoiding the expense of keeping stocks
emium against certain risk，out of which the claims of those suffering losses are paid
under an insurance policy
rance cover or benefits payable under the conditions in an insurance policy
ies or for future investment
proportion to the face value or sum assured on their policies
bank in a cuuntry on the gold standard
y for goods and services
alue of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other cerrencies
money to purchanse and to pay for them over an extended time period.
a company
he industry cannot function effectively.
promoters of mergers
the promoters of mergers
ring the areas of patent protection，registered trade marks and designs，and copy right
between two or more firms
r fixed rules,but at prices controlled by supply and demand
S，it refers to ordinary share
vestors in order to raise funds for long or short periods
uyer and sellers of goods or service
ell a particular security or currency at a specific price within a pre-determined period of time
y each country undertakes to apply the same rate of tariff to all its trade partners
ere should only be free trade with those countrie which themselves extended free trade
d mentally capabl
e o
f doin
g some kind of work ,can be employment
on woods institutions——the IMF and World Bank ,the ITO was to provide international disciplines in the use e GATT that commenced in 1986 and was completed in 1994 with the creation of the WTO.
e IME members that the cerrent stock,and prospective with growth, o
f international reserves might not to be s in
g the prices of its imports wit
h the prices of its exports.
than is applied to imports from most countries
四、翻译
内贸易要复杂的多
different countries。It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business。anufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another
ugh controlling the enterprises or assets in a host country.
property and labour owned by the residents of an economy.
gories of high-income,middle-income,low-income economies.
贸易关系对两国都有重要的意义。
partners,and the two countries are close neighbours separated only by a strip of water.Sino-Japan relaition
实际交货
n credit 光票信用证
ft 汇票到期
ts 缮制单据
交货条件
二级资本市场
market 资本筹集市场
exchange）制定投资交易所
come tax 所得税
ession list 互惠关税减让表
）普惠制
ustoms tariffs特惠税
on 区域经济一体化
into circulation 投入流通
es 初级产品
新 patterns of trade 贸易方式
n 汇率浮动变化
uniform customs and practice统一惯例证书 shipping marks 运输标记
on carriers 公共承运人
l form 提议形式
table peg 可调整的钉住制
ss sectoral lines 超越部门界限
nt returns投资回报率
yment充分就业
organizations国际组织
erms of trade 贸易条件、进出口比价
rmination of a specific project ses of the organization
，esp.industry，trade and commerce
ther countries possession the sanme resouce input ng service to customs
increase of over 20% in the annual growth
th foreign producers
on a latter date
ayable on presentation
purchase of assets or services
rms and eendorsement added to it
roducing that output
riod of time
l disciplines in the use of trade policies
eserves might not to be sufficient to suppport the expansion of the world trade.