2012昆明理工大学考博英语

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The （）physicist has been challenged by others in his field.问题1选项A.respectableB.respectfulC.respectiveD.respecting【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A选项respectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的”；B选项respectful“尊敬的，有礼貌的”；C选项respective“各自的，分别的”；D选项respecting“尊敬，尊重”。

根据选项的意思，可知A选项最符合句意。

句意：这位受人尊敬的物理学家在他的领域受到了其他人的挑战。

2.单选题If only the committee （）the regulation and put them into effect as soon as possible.问题1选项A.approveB.will approveC.can approveD.would approve 【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。

if only表示“要是……就好了”，此处是对将来的虚拟，因此谓语动词用would/should/could/+动词原形，选D。

句意：如果委员会能批准这项条例并尽快付诸实施就好了。

3.单选题It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash. Virtually all financial（）will be conducted by computer.问题1选项A.transactionsB.transmissionsC.transitionsD.transformations【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash. Virtually all financial（）will be conducted by computer.问题1选项A.transactionsB.transmissionsC.transitionsD.transformations【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A选项transaction“业务，交易”；B选项transmission“传送，传播”；C选项transition“过渡，转变，变迁”；D选项transformation“变化，改观，转变”。

根据financial （财政的，金融的）可知A选项符合语境。

句意：由于人们不需要携带大量现金，走在街上会更安全，几乎所有的金融交易都将由计算机进行。

2.单选题It is rather（）that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today. 问题1选项A.misleadingB.boringC.embarrassingD.demanding【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项misleading“误导性的”；B选项boring“无聊的，无趣的”；C选项embarrassing“使人尴尬的，令人为难的”；D选项demanding“要求高的，要求极严的”。

句中的it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，由“we still do not know how many species there are in the world today（我们仍然不知道今天世界上有多少种物种）”可知C选项符合语境。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Some of the online services are free, while others（） a charge.问题1选项A.carryB.cashierC.coincideD.collect【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”；B选项cashier“开除，解雇”；C选项coincide“同时发生，相符，一致”；D选项collect“收集，收藏，收取”。

while表示对比关系，由Some of the online services are free（一些在线服务是免费的）可知其它一些是收费的，因此选D。

句意：有些在线服务是免费的，有些则收取费用。

2.单选题（）scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply.问题1选项teterttertely【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A选项late“晚的”；B选项later“后来的，以后，其后”；C选项latter“（刚提及的两者中）后者的，（系列中）最后的”；D选项lately“最近，近来”。

根据have observed可知句子为现在完成时，因此选D。

句意：最近，科学家们观察到供水中的污染增加了。

3.单选题If only the committee （）the regulation and put them into effect as soon as possible. 问题1选项A.approveB.will approveC.can approveD.would approve【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。

if only表示“要是……就好了”，此处是对将来的虚拟，因此谓语动词用would/should/could/+动词原形，选D。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Does using a word processor affect a writer’s style? The medium usually does do something to the message after all, even if Marshall McLuhan’s claim that the medium simply is the message has been heard and largely forgotten now. The question matters. Ray Hammond, in his excellent guide The Writer and the Word Processor, predicts that over half the professional writers in Britain and the USA will be using word processors by the end of 1985. The best-known recruit is Len Deighton, from as long ago as 1968, though most users have only started since the microcomputer boom began in 1980.Ironically word processing is in some ways psychologically more like writing in rough than typing, since it restores fluidity and provisionally to the text. The typist’s dread of having to get out the tippex, the scissors and paste, or of redoing the whole thing if he has any substantial second thoughts, can make him consistently choose the safer option in his sentences, or let something stand which he knows to be unsatisfactory or incomplete, out of weariness. In word processing the text is loosened up whilst still retaining the advantage of looking formally finished.This has, I think, two apparently contradictory effects. The initial writing can become excessively sloppy and careless, in the expectation that it will be corrected later. That crucial first inspiration is never easy to recapture, though, and therefore, on the other hand, the writing can become over-deliberated, lacking in flow and spontaneity, since revision becomes a large part of composition. However, these are faults easier to detect in others than in oneself. My own experience of the sheer difficulty of committing any words at all to the page means I’m grateful for all the help I can get.For most writers, word processing quite rapidly comes to feel like the ideal method (and can always be a second step after drafting on paper if you prefer). Most of the writers interviewed by Hammond say it has improved their style, (“immensely”，says Deighton). Seeing your own word on a screen helps you to feel cool and detached about them.Thus it is not just by freeing you from the labor of mechanical retyping that a word processor can help you to write. One author (Terence Feely) claims it has increased his output by 400%. Possibly the feeling of having a reactive machine, which appears to do things, rather than just have things done with it, accounts for this—your slave works hard and so do you.Are there no drawbacks? It costs a lot and takes time to learn—“expect to lose week s of work”，says Hammond, though days might be nearer the mark. Notoriously it is possible to lose work altogether on a word processor, and this happens to everybody at least once. The awareness that what you have written no longer exists anywhere at all, is unbelievably enraging and baffling.Will word processing generally raise the level of professional writing then? Does it make writers better as well as more productive? Though all users insist it has done so for them individually, this is hard to believe. But reliance happens fast. 1.What appears to be changing rapidly in Britain and the USA?2.Typing a manuscript in the conventional manner may make a writer（）.3.One effect of using a word processor may be that the ongoing revision of a text（）.4.It is claimed here that word processors create（）.5.As far as learning to use a word processor is concerned, the author of the passage feels that Hammond（）.问题1选项A.The style writers are employing.B.The way new writers are being recruited.C.The medium authors are using.D.The message authors are putting forward.问题2选项A.have a lot of second thoughtsB.become overcritical of his or her workC.make more mistakesD.take few risks问题3选项A.is done with too little attentionB.produces a sloppy effectC.fails to produce a fluent styleD.does not encourage one to pick up mistakes问题4选项A.a feeling of distance between a writer and his or her workB.the illusion that you are the servant of the machineC.a sensation of powerD.a reluctance in the author to express himself or herself问题5选项A.is understating the problemB.exaggerates one drawbackC.is too skeptical about the advantageD.overestimates the danger of losing text【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and（）to expressed thoughts.问题1选项A.countenancesB.dilemmasC.concessionsD.junctions【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项countenance“面容，面部表情”；B选项dilemma“（进退两难的）窘境，困境”；C选项concession“让步，迁就”；D选项junction“连接，接合”。

由eyes可知A选项符合语境，指眼睛和面部表情的反应。

句意：通过注意他们的眼睛和面部表情表达思想的即时和短暂的反应，我们可以更好地理解他人。

2.单选题They are considering（）the house before the prices go down.问题1选项A.sellingB.of sellingC.to sellD.over selling【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。

动词consider后可接名词或动名词，后接动词不定式时通常要带how、where、who之类的疑问词，因此选A。

句意：他们正考虑在价格下降之前卖掉房子。

3.单选题The terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a stunning reminder that in today’s wor ld, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger an instinctive response no matter how close or far away from home the vent happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morals of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether it’s a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren't limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images. What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is based upon inducing a climate of fear that is disproportionate with the actual threat.” says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bullie t of Columbia University. “Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violent becomes an important part of the act itself.”“There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person,” Bulliet tells WebMD. “The point is that it isn’t what you do, but it’s how it’s covered that determines the effect.” For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U.S. hostages were eventually released unharmed, but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evening’s newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group’s power rather than an individual criminal act. “You don’t have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. It’s an image of group power, and the forcebecomes generalized rather than perso nalized,” says Bulliet. “The randomness and the ubiquity （无处不在）of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities.”Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the U.S. Army Reserves in the first Gulf War andmore recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because it’s the only tactic they have available to them. “They don’t have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They don’t have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like k idnapping,” says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.“In psychological warfare, even one beheading（斩首）can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1.000 of the enemy,” Haroun tells WebMD. “You haven’t really harmed the enemy very much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, you’ve achieved a lot of demoralization.”1.What has changed the rules of psychological warfare?2.The goal of psychological warfare is to（）.3.According to Richard Bulliet, publicizing an act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself because（）.4.The Iranian hostage crisis shows that（）.5.In this passage the author（）.问题1选项A.Terrorist attacks.B.The increase of military conflicts.C.Advances in nuclear weapons.D.Prosperity of the media.问题2选项A.change the ideology of the opponentB.win a battle without military attacksC.generate a greater sense of fearD.bring about more physical damage 问题3选项A.psychological terrorism is a tacticB.terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threatC.the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threatD.publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat问题4选项A.means determines effectsB.hostage crises are prevalentC.psychological terrors remain harmlessD.the American media is effective问题5选项A.emphasizes the great impact of psychological warfareB.criticizes the violence of terrorismC.calls for an end to psychological warfareD.opposes the hostage crisis【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia（痴呆）in old age.This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development.They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs（痴呆）the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles. The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function. A command system directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind—like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.Why does the tussle（搏斗）between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed（磨炼）by the exercise of suppressing one language system: this suppression, it was thought, would help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page.The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals have to s witch languages quite often—you may talk to your father in one language and to your mother in another language,” says Albert Costa, a researcher at the University of Pompea Fabra in Spain. “It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way th at we monitor our surroundings when driving.” In a study comparing German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, indicating that they were more efficient at it.The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age, and there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life.1.According to the passage, the more recent and old views of bilingualism differ mainly in （）.2.The fact that interference is now seen as a blessing in disguise means that（）.3.What is the role of Paragraph Four in relation to Paragraph Three?4.Which of the following can account for better performance of bilinguals in doing non-inhibition tasks?5.What is the main theme of the passage?问题1选项A.its practical advantagesB.perceived language fluencyC.its role in cognitionD.its role in medicine问题2选项A.its potential benefits have remained undiscoveredB.it has led to unexpectedly favorable resultsC.its effects on cognitive development have been minimalD.only a few researchers have realized its advantages问题3选项A.It provides counter evidence to Paragraph Three.B.It offers another example of the role of interference.C.It serves as a transitional paragraph in the passage.D.It further illustrates the point in Paragraph Three.问题4选项A.An ability to ignore distractionsB.An ability to monitor surroundings.C.An ability to perform with less effort.D.An ability to exercise suppression.问题5选项A.Features of bilinguals and monolinguals.B.Interference and suppression.C.Bilinguals and monitoring tasks.D.Reasons why bilinguals are smarter【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Most states emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence, as a National （）area in national crime prevention strategies.问题1选项A.requirementB.dominanceC.prerequisiteD.priority【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项requirement“所需的东西，必要条件”；B选项dominance“支配，控制”；C选项prerequisite“先决条件，前提”；D选项priority“优先事项，首要事情，优先”。

由Most states emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence, as a National _______area in national crime prevention strategies.（大多数国家强调消除暴力，特别是家庭暴力，作为国家犯罪预防政策的______领域）可知D选项符合语境。

句意：大多数国家强调消除暴力，特别是家庭暴力，作为国家犯罪预防政策的优先领域。

2.单选题She was delirious last night, but she seems quite（）this morning.问题1选项A.insaneB.lucidC.patientD.messy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项insane“精神失常的，精神错乱的”；B选项lucid“表达清楚的，头脑清晰的，清醒的”；C选项patient“有耐心的，能忍耐的”；D选项messy“肮脏的，凌乱的”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题It is rather（）that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today. 问题1选项A.misleadingB.boringC.embarrassingD.demanding【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项misleading“误导性的”；B选项boring“无聊的，无趣的”；C选项embarrassing“使人尴尬的，令人为难的”；D选项demanding“要求高的，要求极严的”。

句中的it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，由“we still do not know how many species there are in the world today（我们仍然不知道今天世界上有多少种物种）”可知C选项符合语境。

句意：我们现在还不知道世界上有多少物种，这是相当令人尴尬的。

2.单选题（）scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply.问题1选项teterttertely【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A选项late“晚的”；B选项later“后来的，以后，其后”；C选项latter“（刚提及的两者中）后者的，（系列中）最后的”；D选项lately“最近，近来”。

根据have observed可知句子为现在完成时，因此选D。

句意：最近，科学家们观察到供水中的污染增加了。

3.单选题As we are on the point of some important business with them, we should like to know exactly about their credit（）.问题1选项A.transmittingB.transferringC.transactingD.transporting【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Plastic heart valves and other human “spare parts” have （）possible many recent developments in surgery.问题1选项A.made itB.been madeC.madeD.become【答案】C【解析】考查语态。

句子的主语为Plastic heart valves and other human “spare parts”（塑料心脏瓣膜和其他人体器官“零件”），宾语为many recent developments（最近许多的发展），主语与宾语之间为主动关系，故排除B选项。

句子的宾语在possible后面不需要形式宾语，故排除A选项。

have become possible表示“……成为可能”，have made possible表示“使……成为可能”，根据句意可知C选项符合语境。

句意：塑料心脏瓣膜和其他人体器官“零件”使最近许多的发展成为可能。

2.单选题Being impatient is（）with being a good teacher.问题1选项A.intrinsicB.ingeniousC.incompatibleD.inherent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项intrinsic“固有的，内在的，本身的”，强调事物本身的特性，多用于术语；B选项ingenious“精巧的，心灵手巧的”；C选项incompatible“（与某事物）不一致，不相配，（与某人）合不来”；D选项inherent“固有的，内在的”，有继承而来的，传下来的这种内在和固定，多用于一般词语。

由impatient（没有耐心的）可知C选项符合语境。

句意：没有耐心是不可能成为一名好老师的。

3.单选题The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased（）, a wide range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.问题1选项A.manipulationB.reproductionC.circulationD.penetration【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-昆明理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Neither of the two parties（）able to solve the problems of the poor.问题1选项A.areB.isC.have beenD.will have been【答案】B【解析】考查主谓一致。

neither of+复数名词，谓语动词通常用单数形式。

此处表示两个政党中没有哪一个能解决穷人的问题，此处是对客观事实的表述，故用一般现在时，因此选B。

句意：这两个政党都不能解决穷人的问题。

2.单选题One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about （）.问题1选项A.accordinglyB.accidentallyC.artificiallyD.additionally【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A选项accordingly“照着，相应地，因此”；B选项accidentally“偶然地，意外地，非故意地”；C选项artificially“人工的，人造的”；D选项additionally“此外”。

空格处副词修饰动词，B选项符合语境。

句意：关于科学的错误观念之一是许多科学发现是偶然发生的。

3.单选题Falling sales and rising overheads have oblige d the company to review each customer’s（）limit.问题1选项A.creditB.currencyC.checkD.certificate【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项credit“借贷，贷款，信誉”；B选项currency“货币”；C选项check“支票”；D选项certificate“证明，证明书”。