*
定语从句
定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起定语的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主语的全部内容。通常在被修饰的词语（即先行词）之后，由“关系词”引导。定语从句的三种功能：
1.连接功能：连接从句，引导一个定语从句
2.指代功能：指代先行词
3.语法功能：在定语从句中充当句子成分
(定语从句中的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种)
that which who whom whose when where why
注: 关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
1.关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略
~
① A plane is a machine which / that can fly . (作主语)
The dog which / that was lost has been found . (作主语)
② The number of people who / that lost homes reached 250,000 .
Here comes the girl who / that wants to see you .
2.关系代词在句中作宾语时可省略
① The noodles that / which I cooked were delicious .（作宾语）
This is the book that / which I want to read .
The letter that / which I received yesterday was from my father .
)
② The girl who / that we saw yesterday is Mary .
Mr Li is a man whom / who / that we should lear from .
Do you know the man whom / who / that is talking to
3.关系代词在从句中做定语
① The novel whose cover was broken blongs to me .
② Henery is the boy whose mother is our English teacher .
I know the person whose company produces computers .
This is the person whose story surprised everybody .
4.。
5.关系代词在句中作表语时可省略（只能用that）
She is not the girl that she was .
【定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择】
1.明确关系代词，关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用
关系代词which , that , who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语
关系副词when , where, why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语
2.分析句子结构，明确句法成分
?
关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等
关系副词（
1.when
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing .
We will never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm .
2.where
￥
This is the house where we lived last year .
The factory where his father works is in the west of the city .
After living in Pairs for fifty years , he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child .
3. why
There are several reasons why we can’t do that .
He could n’t give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school .
Is this the reason why ( for which ) he refused our offer
The reason why ( for which ) she was ill is that she had eaten bad meat .
，
4. 比较
I’ll never forget the days that / which I spent with my teacher .
I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you .
It is the house that / which was built two years ago .
It is the house where / in which I was born .
The reason which / that he gave was an excuse .
The reason why he was late was the rain .
Do you know the reason why he didn’t turn up
【
只能用that的定语从句
1. 先行词为不定代词【all everying nothing anything little much none】时或被这些词修饰时，关系代词只用that
All that can be done has been done .
2. 当先行词被【形容词的最高级】修饰时，只用that
This is the most beautiful park that I have visited .
The Titanic is the most dangerous film that I’ve ever seen .
The best one that I’ll choose will be you .
—
3. 当先行词被序数词【the first , the second , the last】等修饰时，只用that The first lesson that we have learned will never be easily forgotten . This is the last class that we will have this term .
4.当先行词被【the only , the very , the last】修饰时，只用that
( some ，any ，few ，much ，no ，very ，only )
The only student that may be elected is in our class .
I have no question that will be asked .
There was little that interested him at the meeting .
~
This is the very book that I am looking for .
5.当先行词既指【人】又指【物】时
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember .
The characters and the animals that are in the picture are very native .
The train ran over a boy and his dog that were just crossing the railroad .
6.当主语是以【who或which开头的疑问句】时，为避免重复而用that
Who is the girl that is standing there
Who is the boy that shook hands with you just now
；
Which is the hotel that you stayed at last month
7.当way做先行词时，关系代词可以有三种形式①that ②in which ③×
I don’t like the way that / in which / ×you speak to your mother like that .
8.先行词在句中作【表语】
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be .
定语从句练习1：
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father
-Yes，he’s our headmaster.
-
A. he
B. who
C. which
D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim
A. which
B. in which
C. that
D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day
A. that you bought
B. you bought it
C. that you bought it
D. which you bought it
-
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees
B. who agree
C. who agrees
D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that
B. it
C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s
B. whose
C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
：
A. which； is
B. whom； was
C. who； is
D. who； was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live
B. on which we live
C. where we live in
D. we live in
定语从句练习2:
*
1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that
B. who
C. whom
D. this
2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. whom
B. which
C. who
D. /
3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.
A. that
B. whose
C. which
D. as
4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday
A. the one
B. which
C. who
D. whom
\
6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
A. which
B. that
C. /
D. it
7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.
A. which
B. in which
C. that
D. all
9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.
A. which
B. whom
C. whose
D. this
10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. /
'
11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.
A. whom
B. who
C. /
D. he
13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.
A. who live next door
B. which lives next door
C. whom lives next door
D. that lives next door
14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.…
A. which
B. whom
C. that
D. who
15. The farm _____ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. at that
16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.
A. what
B. which
C. as
D. ./
17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.
A. in that
B. when
C. where
D. there
18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born
>
A. where
B. in that
C. that
D. which
19. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
20. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met
A. that
B. when
C. what
D. on that
21. October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.
A. when
B. that
C. where
D. in which
22. October 1, 1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. in which
23. Is this the sho p _____ sells children’s clothing
A. which
B. where
C. in which
D. what
25. I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where
26. Have you seen the girl _____
A. that I told
B. I told you of
C. whom I told
D. I told of
28. Finally the thief handed in everything _____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whatever
29. The lecture spoke of some writers and novels _____ were known to us all.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. what
30. I can still remember the sitting room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the
evening.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where
32. The only question _____ is to find our way home.
A. that mattered
B. that matters
C. which mattered
D. matter
34. The farmers used wood to build a house _____ grain can be stored.
A. with which
B. where
C. in that
D. which
参考答案：
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定语从句基本知识 所谓从句，就是一个主谓结构相当于整个句子(这样的句子叫复合句)的一个成分，因此，从句不能单独使用。在复合句中修饰名词或代词、作定语的句子叫定语从句。定语从句是中国人学英语的难点之一。 其实定语从句很有规律，总结如下: 在关系代词中that既可指人又可指物、既可作主语又可作宾语，因此，除了在非限定性定语从句中，用that一般不会出问题。 关系副词的用法比较单一，它们从句中只起状语的作用，表示时间的就用when，表示地点的就用where，而why只修饰一个词，即reason。 定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词： who，which，that作从句的主语 whom，which，that作从句的宾语(可省略) whose从句中作定语 关系副词： When, where, why 在从句中作状语 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. That:代表的先行词为人或物，在从句中做主语，宾语和表语。 He is the man that is good at English. There are some films that I’d like to see. He isn’t the boy that he used to be. 注意：that引导定语从句时： 1）作宾语时that可省略。 2）That前不可用介词。 在定语从句中，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which 1) 当先行词被all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both等修饰时，例如： This is all that I want to say at the meeting. 2) 当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。例如： This is the very pen that I am looking for. 3) 当先行词有序数词时。例如： You are the first person that I want to ask for. 4)当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时，例如： Everything that can be done has been done. 5) 先行词有最高级形容词修饰时，例如： Edison was one of the greatest inventors that ever lived. 6) 当先行词既指人又指物时。例如： The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them . 2.which: 代表的先行词为物，在从句中做主语，宾语 The film which I saw last night was wonderful. Guilin is a city which has a 200-year history. 注意：1）作宾语时，which可以省略。 2）Which 也可以代替前面的一个句子或句中的一部分
（英语）中考英语定语从句试题经典及解析 一、定语从句 1．﹣Look！This is the photo I took in Beijing World Gardening Expo（世界园艺博览会）in 2019． ﹣Wow，so great！ A．what B．who C．where D．that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：—看！这是我2019年在北京世界园艺博览会拍的照片。 考查定语从句的关系代词，what不用在定语从句中，who先行词为人，在从句中作主语或者宾语，where先行词为地点，在从句中作状语，that先行词为人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语，the photo为先行词，从句中缺宾语，句意理解为﹣﹣看！这是我2019年在北京世界园艺博览会上拍的照片．﹣﹣哇，很不错．故选D。 2． ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher? ---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A．he B．that C．whom D．which 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意:-和我们的英语老师说话的那个人是谁？-哦，是Baker先生，我们的数学老师。根据句意可知，这里考查的是定语从句。he只是一个代词，不能引导从句；which 引导定语从句时，先行词应是物，但是这里的先行词是the man，指的是人；whom引导定语从句时，先行词是人，在定语从句中做宾语，但是现在从句中缺少主语，因此whom也不行。故选that，that 引导定语从句时，先行词可以是人也可以是物，在从句中可以做主语和宾语。 考点：考查关系代词。 3．---How do you like the Sun Island？Is it worth visiting? ---Sure. It’s one of the best places I have ever been to. A．which B．that C．who 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：----你觉得太阳岛怎么样？值得一游吗？----当然。这是我去过的最好的地方之一。考查定语从句引导词。本句先行词places是物，引导词在定语从句中作宾语，可知用that或which引导此定语从句，但先行词有最高级修饰时，只能用that引导此定语从句。故选B。
初中英语定语从句试题经典及解析 一、定语从句 1． Most grandmas prefer the song Little Apple that they can dance their square dances to . A．that B．whose C．where D．How 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：大多数奶奶最喜欢小苹果这首歌，她们能跟着跳广场舞。A. that 那个；B. Whose谁的；C. Where在哪；D. How怎样；这里是that引导的宾语从句，先行词是物，用关系词that。根据题意。故选A。 考点：考查定语从句 2．One is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance（优雅）. A．which B．who C．how D．what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：一个学识渊博的人总是举止优雅。考查关系代词。A. which关系代词，引导定语从 句时，指代物；B. who关系代词，引导定语从句时，指代人；C. how关系副词；D. what不能引导定语从句。根据One is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance（优雅）.可知，先行词one指代人，所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句，同时在定语从句中作主语，结合选项可知B选项符合题意，故答案选B。 3．-Have you found the information about the famous people ______ you can use for the report? -Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet. A．who B．what C．whom D．which 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——你有没有找到一些能够用于报告的名人的信息？——还没有。我将在网上搜索 一些。 考查定语从句。本句先行词information是物，在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词which 或that引导定语从句，所以选D。 4．This is the most beautiful picture __________ I have ever seen. A．that B．which C．what D．who 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：这是我见过的最漂亮的画。考查定语从句。先行词被最高级修饰时，引导词应用
课后练习 专题：定语从句经典精讲（上） 题一All the neighbors admire this family, ________ the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. why B. where C. which D. that 题二A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 题三 The English song calls up the happy days ______ we spent together in our youth. A. in which B. that C. when D. who 题四 The old town has narrow streets and small houses ______ are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 题五Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 题六请给下面的选项排序。 1. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ________ ________ ________ car. A. American B. white C. large 2. Mr Smith is driving a _______ _______ _______ _______ car in the competion and I’m sure he will take the first place. A. sports B. new C. Japanese D. beautiful 题七Can you see a man and his horse ________are crossing the bridge? A. which B. who C. that D. whom 题八The wonderful time ______I spent in the country is unforgettable . A. whom B. which C. when D. where In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions members are confused or uncertain of their roles. A. which B. that C. when D. how 题九This is the best film ________ I have ever seen. A. that B. w hich C. when D. who His third novel ________ is very popular with readers was written by him in 2006. A. which B. what C. whom D. that He told me everything ________ he had seen in the traffic accident. A. who B. that C. as D. what This is the only book ________ I can find. A. that B. which C. it D. as 题十The house ____we put our tools in is going to be rebuilt. A. that B. / C. which D. whom The house in _____we put our tools is going to be rebuilt A. that B. / C. which D. whom 题十一 The woman _____ my brother spoke to just now is my teacher.
定语从句（一）关系代词The Attributive Clause---- Relative Pronoun 一、 定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰 的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。 二、关系词 定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 1. that 的用法 that 既可以指人，也可以指物，指人时可与who, whom 互换，指物时有时可与which 互换。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。 ①His father works in a factory that/which makes car. 他父亲在一家汽车制造厂工作。 作主语，指物 ②The lady I want to visit taught me French at that time.我要去 ③我们昨天参作宾语，指物 2. which 的用法 which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略（放在介词后除外）。Which 也可以指代这个主句。 ①字典就是讲解单词意思的书 作主语 ②这就③The sun heats the sun, which makes it possible for man to live.太阳给地球热量，这使得人类能够生存。 代替整个主句
3. who/whom的用法 Whom在从句中用作宾语，现在仅用于正式文体。用who代替whom在从句中做宾语，主语用于口语。如： ①The gentleman whom Rose encountered addressed her with courtesy. 罗斯遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。（正式文体） ②The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。（非正式文体） 在口语中，who, whom, which在从句中做动词宾语时，常常省去。如： ①I don’t like people who talk much but do little. 我不喜欢光说不练的人。 作主语 ②你认识我们在门口 遇见的那个年轻人吗 ③He didn’t become the person who his father wanted him to be.他没有成为他父亲希望的那种人。 作表语 注意：whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替。 I have many friends to whom I will send postcards. 我有许多需要寄贺卡的朋友。 4. whose的用法 whose在从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物。 ①这个女孩学习很 ②We have English classes in the classroom whose door is broken.我们在那个门坏了的教室上英语课。 指物 四、限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
【英语】英语定语从句试题经典含解析 一、定语从句 1．I really like the family photo ________ we took on my grandpa’s 80th birthday. A．who B．that C．what D．whose 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我真的很喜欢爷爷80岁生日时拍的全家福。本题考查定语从句。A. who指代人；B. that既可以指人又可以指物；C. what不能引导定语从句；D. whose指代某人/物的。根据题干可知本句中的先行词是photo，指物，所以B选项that符合题意，故答案选B。 2．-----Do you know the man ________ is reading the book over there? --------- Yes, he is Mr. Green, our P.E. teacher. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 【答案】D 【解析】 who代指the man引导定语从句。整句理解：你认识那边读书的那个男士吗？是的。他是我们的体育老师，Mr Green.所以选D. 3．I will never forget the people and the things_______ I saw on the Great Wall. A．who B．which C．whom D．that 【答案】D 【解析】 句意：我永远不会忘记我在长城看到的人和事。本句考察定语从句的关系词。A. who关系词，先行词为人；B. which关系词，先行词为物；C. whom关系词，先行词为人，在句中作宾语； D. that关系词，先行词为人或物。在定语从句中，当先行词既指人也指物时，如：the people and the things，关系词采用that。故选D。 4．One of the most delicious drinks _________ I like is orange juice. A．which B．that C．whose D．whom 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我喜欢的一种最美味的饮料是橘子汁。 考查定语从句。本句先行词drinks，先行词有形容词最高级修饰，可知用关系代词that引导此定语从句，故选B。 【点睛】 that在定语从句中做主语、表语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。（1）必须用that的情况：先
一、选择题 1．-Linda, can you tell me something about Mo Yan? -Sure. He is the writer _____________won the Nobel Literature Prize. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 2．—Do you know the man ________ is reading the book over there? —Sorry, I don’t know. A．which B．what C．whom D．who 3．Chaoyang Experimental School is the best school _______ Carl has visited in Chaoshan area. A．which B．that C．when D．where 4．Stephen Curry is a great basketball player ____is popular in the United States and even in China. A．which B．who C．what 5．Lily doesn’t know ________ she and her friends can do to help the little boy ________ parents have left their hometown for making money. A．what; whose B．how; who C．how; whose 6．-Have you found the information about the famous people ______ you can use for the report? -Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet. A．who B．what C．whom D．which 7．The film _____________ I like best is Frozen. A．who B．where C．which 8．Yuan Longping is a Chinese scientist __________ is leading a research to develop sea rice. A．whose B．which C．who 9．— Have you heard of the famous Huawei company? —Sure. It’s one of the greatest companies ________ make us Chinese proud. A．which B．that C．what D．who 10．Liu Xiang is the first player in Asia _________ won the gold prize in the 110-hurdle race in the 28th Olympic Games. A．which B．who C．whom D．that 11．Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut ___________went into space. A．which B．who C．whose D．whom 12．—Do you know the old man is talking to our head teacher? —Yes, he’s my grandfather. A．whom B．whose C．who D．which 13．I like the cartoon______has a happy ending and makes me___ A．which； to laugh B．that；to laugh C．whose； laughing D．that； laugh 14．This is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library. A．where B．which C．who D．when 15．Lots of people like Tale of Yanxi Palace, the most popular TV play________is based upon an
（英语）初中英语定语从句试题经典及解析 一、定语从句 1． Is there anything to you ? A． that is belong B． that belong C． that belongs D． which belongs 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：这还有属于你的东西吗？此题考查定语从句，因为是anything是不定代词，故用that,和固定短语belong to属于。belong是个动词，不能和is连用。还有that作主语，应按第三人称单数处理。根据句意，故选C。 【考点定位】考查定语从句的用法。 2．When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life_________ a group of people have in common. A．what B．who C．where D．that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：当我们说起文化的时候，我们指的是一群人共同拥有的生活方式。考查定语从句的引导词。根据句意：当我们说起文化的时候，我们指的是一群人共同拥有的生活方式。逗号后面的句中是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是 life，表示“物”，用引导词 that，在从句中做宾语。what 不能引导定语从句。先行词是“人”，引导词常用 who。where 在定语从句中做地点状语。故选D。 【点睛】 引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, whose, who, whom, as；关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。 3．Kids， I hope you’ll remember the good old days____we spent together in junior high though it’s time to say goodbye. A．who B．what C．which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：孩子们，虽然到了说再见的时候了，我希望你们将记住那些我们一起在初中度过的美好的旧时光。who关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；what什么，不能引导定语从句；which关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句子结构可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词是the good old days，从句中spent后缺少宾语，应用关系代词which引导，故应选C。