2020 年12 月大学英语四级救命班电子讲义
四级时间分配试卷结构测试内容测试题型题目数量分值比例考试时间写作写作短文写作1 15% 30 分钟听力理解短篇新闻选择题（单选）7 7% 25 分钟长对话8 8% 听力篇章10 20% 阅读理解词汇理解选词填空10 5% 40 分钟长篇阅读匹配10 10% 仔细阅读选择题（单选）10 20% 翻译汉译英段落翻译1 15% 30 分钟合计57 100% 125 分钟第一部分写作四级作文常见题型：图画图表谚语警句书信论说文句子的分类结构上分为简单句并列句复合句语序上分为倒装和正常语序语态上分为主动和被动一、短句的写法A man comes. He is attractive. I love him. I will give him a dog. It can make him happy.
二、被动很多人认为合作比个人能力更重要。Cooperation is claimed to be more crucial than personal ability. 人们普遍认为网购已经成为一种流行趋势。Online shopping is argued to be a popular trend among the young and the old. 在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生Various measures, in the past decades, have been taken to prevent disasters. 最近，中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Sciences ) 出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告An annual report about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year was recently published by Chinese Academy of Science. 三、并列句常见的逻辑关系词第一，表示因果（世界上最重要的一种关系就是因果关系） 1. 表示原因because ，in that，as ,since because of=be responsible for=due to=owing to=thanks to 2. 表示结果so=hence=therefore=thereby=thus=consequently=in consequence = as a result /consequence 、第二，表示对比1. 表示“相似性的”对比Likewise =similarly = equally= simultaneously =at the same time= in the meanwhile 2. 表示“差异性的”对比But, by contrast = conversely = alternatively = on the contrary = on the other hand = otherwise = while = whereas 第三，表示递进besides = also = in addition = moreover = furthermore = apart ∕aside from to put it another way = put another way = in other words 换句话说（有补充解释说明的作用）
第四，表示让步①Despite = in spite of = notwithstanding = although = though = as = while = even （if）= much as （用于句首）虽然= granting ∕granted that ②certainly = of course = indeed = it is true that …的确③undoubtedly = there is no doubt that …毫无疑问的是……④it may be true that …或许真实的是……⑤there is no denying that …不可否认的是……⑥In effect ∕fact ∕reality = indeed = virtually 实际上，事实上，的确第五，表示条件①if = providing ∕provided ∕suppose ∕supposing that 如果，假如②in case of = in the event of 万一……第六，表示目的to= in order to = so as to 第七，表示引出新对象①About = concerning = regarding = with regard to = as for ∕to = in respect of 关于②in terms of 就……而论，在……方面③when it comes to …当提到……时第八，表示强调①Above all = most important ②In effect ∕fact ∕reality = indeed = virtually 事实上，实际上，的确，其实第九，表示总结①On the whole = all in all =overall = in conclusion ∕summary ∕general = generally （speaking ）= as a whole =mainly = substantially = to sum up = conclude = come to the
conclusion 总的来说②in short ∕brief = in a word 简而言之③in any case = at any rate = anyway 总之，无论如何第十，表示举例①Like = such as = for instance ∕example = take
∕consider ∕think of ∕remember …（as an example ）= a good case in point is …=from …to …（to …）=to illustrate = as an illustration 1. 1. 在过去一千年里在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化,,是一座展现古文明的博物馆是一座展现古文明的博物馆。InIn the the past past thousand thousand years, years, tthhee water water system system and and tthhee lliiffee way way ooff Wuzhen Wuzhen have have nnoott gone gone through through many many changes. changes. Therefore, Therefore, iitt now now iiss the the museum museum toto show show anicent anicent civilization. civilization. 2.在山东潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志。In Weifang, Shandong, kites are not only for entertainment but also symbolizes the culture of the city. 3. 这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16 万多所中小学收益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。(2014 年四级）These funds are used to improve educational facilities, purchase books and more than 160 thousands primary schools and middle schools benefit from it. In addition, the fund is to be used for purchasing music and painting facilities. As a consequence, nowadays the children in the rural areas can have the music and painting classes as the same as the children in the coastal cities do. 4. 由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系依然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。As a result of this tradition, many young people continue to live with their parents after marriage. By contrast, today, the tradition is changing. With the improvement of housing conditions, an increasing number of young couples choose to live apart from their parents. Nevertheless, the connection between them remains strong. Many old people still have to look after their grandchildren. At the same time, young couples also get around to visit their parents，especially during the holidays, such as the spring festival and Mid-autumn Festival.
四、复合句 1. 主语从句大学教育极大地促进了社会的进步是显而易见的。It is beyond dispute that university education promotes the progress of our society obviously. 2. 同位语从句Garbage sorting, a necessary behavior to control pollution, proves quite crucial throughout china. Hunting for jobs, a hot topic among undergraduates, has become the public concern recently. Optimism, an active mentality, plays a key role in the general routine of everyday living. 3. 定语和定语从句I love this kind girl. I love the girl of kindness. I love the girl as kind as an angel. I love the girl being as kind as an angel. I love the girl who keeps so kind. ①中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen，which has become a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts after hundreds of years of continuous improvement. ②乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。Wuzhen, which is an ancient water town of Zhejiang province,locates near the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal，which is really a charming place with many ancient bridges, Chinese style hotels and restaurants there. ③功夫是中国武术的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人老年人都练。Kung Fu is the common name of Chinese martial arts which can be traced back to self-defense needs, hunting activities and military training in ancient China. Besides, it is a traditional Chinese
sport that both the young and the elderly can practise. ④剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流
行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。Paper cutting is one of the most popular arts in china which has a history of 1.5thound years and was quite famous in the Ming and Qing dynasties. ⑤中国人自古以来就在中秋节庆祝丰收，这与北美庆祝感恩节非常相似。Chinese have had the tradition to celebrate harvest in the Middle-Autumn, which proves quite similar with Thanks-Giving Day in North America. 4. 状语和状语从句1）I love my girlfriend. 2) keeping pets can cultivate the love heart of children although they sometimes bring much trouble for their owners. or because taking care of those little animals needs patience and care. or when there exists only a child in one family. or by taking a shower or talking with those little animals. 3) they are singing songs although they have had class for the whole day. they, a group of young men, who will take part in the examination of CET-6 are singing songs which were once popular when we were young. 5. 三大经典句型：1) 强调句型Nothing is more important than self-reliance in a competitive international environment 就是因为你，我没有通过六级考试。It is because of you that I failed in CET-6. 就是有很多的因素可以解释我的观点。There exist numerous factors to account for my argument. 2) 虚拟语气If you are a tear in my eyes, I will never shed it. 3）倒装①否定词位于句首时
我从来没有这样开心过Never have i been so happy. 在任何情况下我们绝不能忽略...的重要性/严重性；Under no circumstances can we fail to pour attention into…(gravity/ severity) ②含有so…that 结构的句子，将so 引导的部分位于句首时这个问题是如此重要以至于我们要给与足够的重视。The issue is so grave that we cannot fail to pour attention to it. So grave is the issue that ...... 生命如此短暂，以至于怎样度过都是一种浪费。Life is so short that it is a waste of time however we spend it. So short is life that it ...... 在大学校园中，浪费这个问题是如此的严重以至于不得不引起（arose）我们的注意了。So serious is waste that it has to arouse our attention. ③only 引出的状语位于句首时只有以这种方式，我们才能解决这个问题。Only in this way can we settle the issue/relieve the phenomenon. 6. 句子的改写和扩写①比如我绝不嫁给你。I will never marry you (初二水平）You are the last man I want to marry.（定语从句）Never will I marry you（倒装）By no means will I marry you. I will not marry you unless the sun rises in the west.(状语从句) If you were the last man in the world, I would go to temple (虚拟语气) If you married me, I would jump into the well ②自行车很重要Bicycles are important. Humans cannot live without bicycles.
be+ adj = be of +n bicycles are of great importance to us. Bicycles play an important part/role in our daily life. (写作尽量使用词组) It is the bicycle that plays an important part/role in our daily life Bicycles are as vital as air and water, which is essential to daily life. Bicycles to humans what the foundation is to a skyscraper/water is to fish/perfume to flowers. 句子扩写：I love liuxiaoyan. I, a university student from beijing, love liu who is the most graceful and elegant English teacher I have ever seen. Smile makes people love you. Smile, the best means for communicating, makes people who may look serious and distant love you at the first sight. Pollution keeps exceedingly serous . Pollution, a global issue which threatens almost every one, keeps exceedingly serous with the rapid urbanization. 四级2019 12 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Dear friend, I am delighted to know that you have a strong desire to learn Chinese in recent days.
therefore，the letter, to be honest, is to recommend a city to you. When the idea occurs to me, the first city flashing in my mind is Beijing, the capital of China. Firstly, there exists language environment which plays a key role in the process of language learning. As a result, as a modern city, it provides an excellent language environment for language learners. Besides, in one of the biggest cities, people are open-minded, hospitable, and inclusive. You will soon find that you can make friends with them quickly. Finally, I hope that you could take my suggestions into serious consideration, and I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. Good luck to you with all aspects of life. Yours sincerely, Li Ming
四级2020.7 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the use of translation apps. You can start your essay with the sentence "The use of translation apps is becoming increasingly popular. " You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. The use of translation apps is becoming increasingly popular, which has aroused a long-term discussion among the public. From my perspective, whether translation app is practical depends on the need of different individuals. Quite a few elements can account for my perspective. On one hand, there is no doubt that the use of translation app could be convenient and efficient when you read certain foreign materials including some professional papers. Besides, it is when people go abroad where they cannot speak native languages that using translation apps could make them communicate with natives more fluently. On the other hand, translation apps, after all, are operated by machines. thus, it is inevitable that some translation goes against original expression, and even worse, some grammar faults could be found in the translation. As a result, Just as a coin has two sides, translation apps are no exception. That is to say, when we download a translation app, we should distinguish its good from bad and use it within reason. Only in this way can we make translation apps exert a positive effect on our study and career. 四级2020.9 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on online dictionaries. You can start your essay with the sentence "The use of online dictionaries is becoming increasingly popular." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. In light of the rapid improvement of science and technology, the use of online dictionaries is becoming increasingly popular, which has been brought into the limelight under modern conditions. As far as I am concerned, we should attach importance to online dictionaries now and in the future. The popularity of online dictionaries, which really brings much convenience to the everyday life and study of youngsters, may be explained by many reasons. The main reason is that using online dictionaries can save us plenty of time, which proves in accord with people's pursuit for higher efficiency. Then more importantly, it is so convenient for us to look up words on the web because we can effortlessly and rapidly find what we want by tapping words or phrases and the answer comes in no more than several seconds. So why bother to take a thick dictionary whenever or wherever?
In short, it is a sound conclusion that can be drawn that the use of online dictionaries, to some extent, is beneficial to English learners. So it might the right time to download one to serve us in our daily life. 议论文第一段引出主题的句子：①Recently the issue /problem of…has been in the limelight （处于关注的中心）/ brought into focus/ brought to public attentive（留意的，关心的）concern…②Recently with the development /advance/progress of science and technology, the phenomenon of …has aroused wide concern. ③Nowadays, it is undeniable
that……has almost become the biggest concern of the present-day world. ④What is your idea as to …? ⑤There exist varying/ a variety of points concerning it. 第一段表示个人观点的表达: In my opinion/as far as i am concerned/ for my part/ from my perspective/ it keeps my perspective that 第二段分析原因的总起句: ①The majority of people would agree that sth has its deep roots. ②It is superficially a simple phenomenon, but when subjected to analysis, it has its fundamental reasons. ③There stand at least two reasons, from my perspective, for the present phenomenon . ④As we know, recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution. ⑤There exist numerous elements being responsible for the issue. ⑥The reason for this is not far to seek.
第三段总结措施段: 措施我们/政府/家长/学校举例：Students, from their early age, could be educated to cultivate the awareness that methods of learning are more important than learning itself. Authorities could broadcast the importance of community responsibility in public. 第二部分翻译翻译内容中国历史文化经济社会文章长度四级140—160 words 15 分 1. 评分标准本题满分为15 分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15 分、10-12 分、7-9 分、4-6 分、1-3 分和0 分。各档次的评分标准见下表：13-15 分译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。10-12 分译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。7-9 分译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。4-6 分译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。1-3 分译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。0 分未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。
2. 英汉差异对比汉语意合，英语形合什么是汉语的句子？什么是英语的句子？
逻辑关系词的使用两个以上的句子放在一起的规则（三个方法）
Similarly equally likewise at the same time nevertheless conversely on the contrary by contrast therefore consequently as a result besides furthermore moreover in addition 英语多被动汉语多主动何时用被动？何时无被动？在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。Various measures, in the past decades, have been taken to prevent disasters. 那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。At that time, yellow was designed to use for the emperor—the royal palace was painted yellow and the imperial robe was always yellow too. However, the ordinary people were not allowed to wear yellow clothes. 最近，中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Sciences ) 出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。An annual report about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year was recently published by Chinese Academy of Science. 英语多长句汉语多短句长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。（2017 四级）The Yangzi River, flowing through different ecological systems, keeps the habitat of plentiful endangered animals ,irrigating one fifth of Chinese land. 大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。Pandas which mainly live in the forest of southeast in China are the rarest members of the bear family.
中国人自古以来就在中秋节庆祝丰收，这与北美庆祝感恩节非常相似。Chinese have had the tradition to celebrate harvest in the Middle-Autumn, which proves quite similar with Thanks-Giving Day in North America. 功夫是中国武术的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自
卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人老年人都练。Kung Fu is the common name of Chinese martial arts which can be traced back to self-defense needs, hunting activities and military training in ancient China. Besides, it is a traditional Chinese sport that both the young and the elderly can practise. 总结：短句变长句的方法方法1 非谓语动词长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。（2017 四级）The Yangzi River, flowing through different ecological systems, keeps the habitat of plentiful endangered animals, irrigating one fifth of Chinnese land. 方法2 从句人们还会在门上粘贴对联（couplets）对联的主题有健康，发财和好运。(2013 6 级）Doors will be decorated with couplets whose topics are involved in health, wealth and good luck. 乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。Wuzhen, an ancient water town of Zhejiang province, is located near the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which is really a charming place with many ancient bridges, Chinese style hotels and restaurants there. 功夫是中国武术的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人老年人都练。Kung Fu is the common name of Chinese martial arts which can be traced back to self-defense needs, hunting activities and military training in ancient China. Besides, it is a traditional Chinese sport that both the young and the elderly can practise. 方法3 连词在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化,,是一座展现古文明的博物馆。是一座展现古文明的博物馆。InIn the the past past thousand thousand years, years, tthhee water water system system and and tthhee lliiffee way way ooff Wuzhen Wuzhen have have nnoott gone gone through through many many changes. changes. Therefore, Therefore, iitt now now iiss the the museum museum toto show show anicent anicent civilization. civilization.
在山东潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志（2016 四级）In Weifang, Shandong, kites are not only for entertainment but also symbolize the culture of the city. 这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16 万多所中小学收益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。(2014 年四级）These funds are used to improve educational facilities and purchase books, and more than 160 thousands primary schools and middle schools benefit from it. In addition, the funds are to be used for purchasing music and painting facilities. As a consequence, nowadays the children in the rurual areas can have the music and painting classes as the same as the children in the coastal cities do. 3. 翻译步骤以意群为单位读句子，确定句子的时态和语态确定句子的主干，非主干部分通过定语或状语的方式来翻译每一句话翻译完，看这句话与下句话之间的逻辑关系，加逻辑关系词月饼是我国各族人民喜爱的传统节日特色食品(specialty)。中秋节那天，人们一边赏月，一边吃月饼。一个圆圆的月饼全家分着吃，代表着家人团圆。吃月饼的习俗始于唐代(the Tang Dynasty)。当时月饼作为皇家祭品于中秋节所食，至明清时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties) 成为全民共同的饮食习俗。时至今日，月饼的品种繁多，风味也因地各异，其中广式月饼(Cantonese-style mooncake)和京式月饼广受欢迎。月饼是我国各族人民喜爱的传统节日特色食品(specialty)。Mooncakes keep our traditional specialties which are popular with all people in China. 中秋节那天，人们一边赏月，一边吃月饼。一个圆圆的月饼全家分着吃，代表着家人团圆。Chinese people eat mooncakes when they appreciate the moon on Mid-Autumn Day. And it is shared by the whole families, which symbolizes the union. 吃月饼的习俗始于唐代(the Tang Dynasty)。当时月饼作为皇家祭品于中秋节所食，至
明清时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties) 成为全民共同的饮食习俗。The custom of eating mooncakes can date back to the Tang Dynasty when the mooncakes were eaten as a royal sacrifice on the Mid-Autumn Day ,while it became a diet custom for the whole nation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 时至今日，月饼的品种繁多，风味也因地各异，其中广式月饼(Cantonese-style mooncake)和
京式月饼广受欢迎。Now, mooncakes are of numerous kinds, with different flavors in various regions. Among them, mooncakes of Cantonese-style and Beijing-style are widely popular. 第三部分阅读理解（一）传统阅读（仔细阅读） 1. 时间：8 分钟/篇 2. 指导原则：1) 先读第一段及第二段首句2）顺序原则出题顺序与行文顺序一致3. 题型分类：一、主旨题：2015 年6 月份Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long term exposure. There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in 22 reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.
Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat. 56. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen? A. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer. B. It will protect them from sunburn. C. It will keep their skin smooth and fair. D. It will work for people of any skin color. 57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen? A. It is ineffective in preventing melanomas. B. It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight. C. It is ineffective with long-term exposure. D. It is ineffective for people with fair skin. 58. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people? A. Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures. B High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen. C. Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good. D. Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas. 59. What does the author say about the second Australian study? A. It misleads people to rely on
sunscreen for protection. B. It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen. C. It is not based on direct observation of the subjects. D. It confirms the results of the first Australian study.
60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates? A. Using both covering up and sunscreen. B. Staying in the shade whenever possible. C. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.
D. Applying the right amount of sunscreen. 二、细节题1）方法定位a. 关键词定位b. 顺序定位2）正确答案特征
a. 位置：定位句＋前后句
b. 细节题的正确答案一定来自于定位句加前后句的某句话细节题：2015 年6 月四级第一套Question 61 to 65 are based on the following passage. Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-education well off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individual and society, are profound. The world is facing as astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. That even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity. Do not necessarily decline with age. 61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries? A. Younger people are replacing the elderly. B. Well-educated people tend to work longer. C. Unemployment rates are rising year after year. D. People with no college degree do not easily find work. 62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor? A. Longer life expectancies.
B. A rapid technological advance.
C. Profound changes in the workforce.
D. A growing number of the well-educated. 63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century? A. Economic growth will slow down. B. Government budgets will increase. C. More people will try to pursue higher education. D. There will be more competition in the job market.
64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries? A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early. B. More people have to receive in-service training. C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement. D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans. 65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century? A. Computers will do more complicated work. B. More will be taken by the educated young. C. Most
jobs to be done will be the creative ones. D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age. 作者态度题不选词：indifferent biased prejudiced detached neutral pessimistic subjective puzzled confused （二）长篇阅读解题步骤（15 分钟）1. 看大标题，小标题了解文章中心，推测文章大概内容及作者态度 2. 找题干中的定位词回头定位1）专有名词：时间地点数字人名地名国家名
2）固定概念：合成词、专业概念、特别说法、具体的名词eg. take-to-self pronoun 3）如以上定位线索没有，则是：常用动词、极端词、最高级、形容词、副词4）文章的中心词不能拿来定位3. 重叠选项，得出答案注意：找出明显定位词后，最好阅读一下该句子意思，和选项是否意思一致。4. 查漏补缺找不到定位的就最后再做读每段的重点句：1）段首段尾句2）段中转折词，因果词，递进词后注意：已对应两个句子的段落，可不用再阅读一般有7, 8 个左右句子可明显定位举例：17 6 36. Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action. [H]... .... the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. 37. Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations. D ...... His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting: decentralise authority to self-organising teams. 38. In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams. B ...... Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy (等级体制).
39. Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work. J ......Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction―employees routinely complain that they can't get their work done...... 40. Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture. G Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture....... （三）选词填空时间：7--8 分钟步骤： 1. 标注选项中单词的词性，归类； 2. 看文章首句，了解文章中心； 3. 根据每个空出现的位置判断需要填的单词的词性；4. 把对应词性的选项带入，符合意思一致即正确答案；举例：12. 6 A) accumulate I) households B) circling J) recession C) communities K) reported D) competition L) reviewed E) domestic M) serves F) financially N) surrounding G) formally O) survive H) gather One in six. Believe it or not, that’s the number of Americans who struggle with hunger. To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding America, the nation’s largest 36 hunger-relief organization, has chosen September as Hunger Action Month. As part of its 30 Ways in 30 Days program, it’s asking 37 across the country to help the more than 200 food banks and 61,000 agencies in its network provide low-income individuals and families with the fuel they need to 38 . It’s the kind of work that’s done every day at St. Andrew’s Episcopal Church in San Antonio. People who 39 at its front door on the first and third Thursdays of each month aren’t looking for God –they’re there for something to eat. St. Andrew’s runs a food pantry (食品室) that 40
the city and several of the 41 towns. Janet Drane is its manager. In the wake of the 42 , the number of families in need of food assistance began to grow. It is 43 that 49 million Americans are unsure of where they will find their next meal. What’s most surprising is that 36% of them live in 44 where at least one adult is working. “It used to be that one job was all you needed,”says St. Andrew’s Drane. “The people we see now have three or four part-time jobs and they’
re still right on the edge 45 .”第四部分听力1. 听力概述英式和美式发音速度：每分钟130 -- 150 词分值：35% 2. 题型：新闻三篇七道题7%分值长对话两篇八道题8%分值篇章三篇十道题20%分值3. 大纲要求：理解中心理解细节判断说话人态度推测隐含意思理解语句关系
主旨题选项多为名词、动名词和概括性的词3. A) Thefts of snowmobile dogs in Alaska. B) A series of injuries to snowmobile drivers. C) Attacks on some Iditarod Race competitors. D) A serious accident in the Alaska sports event. 数字题一般涉及到时间、金钱、数量1）大部分所听即所选2）需要推测观点态度题1）先进行一般性评价，然后再说出个人观点2）间接说出态度，比如说就这前人的态度，会说the same，me too 细节题1）所听即所选2）不明显的，就重点听一些地方2016 6 9. A）Talk big B）Talk at length C）Gossip a lot D）Forget herself What does the woman tend to do while she is on the phone? 对应句子If I call them, I will have to have a long conversation. 方法和技巧
1. 一定要预读1）to +v 2）by 方式3) 备选项it 开头，可能在问一个事情或事物4）备选项they 开头，可能会问一类人或事物5）he, she, the man, the woman, 在问具体的一个人的活动2017.6 1. A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad. C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed.
2. 寻找中心词，推测文章大概内容2017.6 四级二套16. A) They have small roots. B) They grow white flowers. C) They taste like apples. D) They come from Central Africa. 17. A) They turned from white to purple in color. B) They became popular on the world market. C) They became an important food for humans. D) They began to look like modern-day carrots.
3. 纵横对比，猜题目问题17.6 四级22. A) They have strong muscles. B) They live a longer life than horses. C) They eat much less in winter. D) They can work longer than donkeys. 23. A) It was a pet of a Spanish king. B) It was bought by George Washington.
C) It was brought over from Spain. D) It was donated by a U.S. Ambassador.
24. A) They met and exchanged ideas on animal breeding. B) They participated in a mule-driving competition. C) They showed and traded animals in the market. D) They fed mules with the best food they could find. 25. A) The wider use of horses. B) The arrival of tractors. C) A shrinking animal trade. D) A growing donkey population. 4. 听力重点所听即所选顺序原则开头结尾重点听逻辑关系词处：转折、条件、递进、原因、举例、列举特殊句型处数字信息处比较级，最高级处开头出题2017 12 四级1. A) Her grandfather. B) Her grandmother. C) Her friend Erika. D) Her little brother. Who did addison raise money for? A 9 year old girl in new mexico has raise more than 500 dollors for her little brother. 转折词后2017 12 6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks. B) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia. C) To identify the reasons for the lions' disappearance. D) To find evidence of the existence of the "lost lions".
What was the main purpose of the research? But scientists released a report Monday,documenting with hard evidence,the discovery of "lost lions". 递进的逻辑关系词13. A) They know when to stop. B) They know how to adapt. C) They know when to make compromises.
D) They know how to control their emotion. What does the man say may be the most important thing to asuccessful negotiator? ... and perhaps most importantly,they know when to stop. 举例处18. A) They are expensive to make. B) They are extremely accurate. C) They were first made in space. D) They were invented in the 1970s. For example, we have quartz crystal clocks and
watches accurate to within one minute a year.
大学英语四级考试语法：—定语从句 很多同学在大学英语四级考试中会存在一些误区，认为语法不那么重要，其实英 语语法是学习英语的指南，对我们帮助很大。以下是小编给大家整理的大学英语四级 考试语法：—定语从句，希望可以帮到大家 1、mary is a beautiful girl. 名词的扩展靠限定，最基本的就是在名词的前面增加一个形容词这样的定语，上 面的句子就是表语girl的前面加了一个形容词。显然，如果只是mary is a girl这样的 句子会让人觉得非常枯燥，没有什么意义，所传递的信息量极其有限。所以，名词前 面加定语，可以使被限定的名词更加生动，更加形象而富有生命。如果要对名词给出 更多限定，挖掘更多内部信息，我们可以在名词前面加多个定语来限定，如mary is a beautiful chinese girl. 放在名词前面起到限定作用的定语有很多种形式，形容词，名词，动词现在分词，动词过去分词等。虽然形式多样，但是这类定语还是比较好理解，只要顺着句子的顺序，就基本可以明白是怎么回事。 2、the computer that i bought yesterday works well. 有时候，我们需要对名词给出很多的说明，用大量的信息来限定名词。这时，如 果还是把长长的限定成分放在名词前面，就会头重脚轻，所以英语中会用跟在名词后 面的定语从句来限定前面的名词。根据定语的功能还可以分为限制性定语从句和非限 制性定语从句。两者的区别在于前者与被限定名词之间没有逗号，而后者则有逗号隔开;前者起到限定作用，不可或缺，后者起到补充作用，舍去后对剩余部分影响不大。 本句子通过“that i bought yesterday”这个that引导的定语从句，使得主语the computer得到限定而明确，是我昨天买的计算机而不是别的。如果明白了这个名词可 以通过后面加定语从句来扩展，我们的句子马上可以变得复杂起来，请看下例：another popular spectator sport, which is known as the sport of kings, is horse-racing, which is controlled by the jockey club. 译文：另一种以特大型运动著称的流行观赏运动是赛马，这种比赛由赛马总会控制。
A.从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束 B.从介词开始到动名词结束 C.从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束2018年12月大学英语四六级语法精讲课程讲义 一、识别句子成分必须记住的原理 1.衡量是否是一个句子的标准：是否有动词，有动词就是句子，反之不是句子。 2.英语构句原则规定：一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词 3.长难句的构成：主句、从句、介词短语、非谓语动词 （1）主句的辨识：谓语动词 （2）从句的辨识：连词+与之匹配的谓语动词 （3）介词短语： （4）非谓语动词：4.衡量长难句划分是否正确的标准：整个句子中谓语动词的个数比连词多一个 5.长难句划分方法：连动切割法 ·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基 础，断开主句和从句。 ·长难句划分的具体步骤： 【第一步】断开主句和从句 通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而 言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主 语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如 果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。） 动名词（doing ） 动词不定式（to do ） 现在分词（doing ） 过去分词（done ）
【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词 二、总结复习句子的主要成分 1、主语 （1）定义：主语是动作的发出者。 （2）位置：在谓语动词之前。 （3）什么可以充当主语： 2、谓语 （1）定义：述说主语的动作或状态。 （2）位置：在主语之后。（3）什么可以充当谓语：实意动词。 3、宾语 （1）定义：（2）位置： （3）什么可以充当宾语：4、表语 （1）定义：表述主语的身份特征，性质状态的 （2）位置：在系动词之后 （3）什么可以充当表语： A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子：A.动作的承受者B.介词所联系的对象，即介词宾语（简称介宾） A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子： A.名词： B.代词： C.形容词 D.介词短语： E.非谓语动词： F.句子：A.在谓语动词之后B.在非谓语动词之后C.在介词之后
历年大学英语四级翻译真试题及范文答案、、、、
12月大学英语四级考试翻译题目 许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不但被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，因此中餐既味美又健康。 Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skil l but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-look ing. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different place s of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to se ek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不论怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Info rmation Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not n ecessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of p eople think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern. "你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 "Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until th e 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of th e most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China b ut also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 中国结最初是由手工艺人创造的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚,中国结常常作为礼物交换
plete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务,或完 善、完整未完成的部分 gain 指需要做出比 obtain 更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止 finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完,强调 事情的了结、终止 7、4 、 accurate , correct , delicate , exact,precise 都含有一定的"正确,精确" 之意 acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,rec ognize 都含有一定的"承认"之意acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事accurate 准确的,精确的,指某人或某事 不仅不出错,而且与事实无出入,强调准 确性 admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,招供(事实,错误等)concede(不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败correct 正确的,指某人或某事合乎事实或 公认的标准或规则,没有错误 delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较 accurate 强, 指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或 标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准 确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密, 有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义 confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等8、affirm,assert,allege,claim 都含有一定的"宣称,断言"之意affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称5、accuse,charge,indict 都含有一定的 "指控,控告"之意 allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实根据情况下宣称,硬说accuseaccusesb.ofdoingsth. 为 … 指 责 某 人,控告某人 claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点chargechargesb.withdoingsth. 指 控 某 人… 英语四级温习资料 2(2006-12-1116:02:10)分类：大学英语四六级温习资料征服大学英语四级考试（阅读篇）（一）存在问题6、achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain 都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意 achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后 达到目标 第一,读不懂acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知 识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等 attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达 到完美境地所谓读不懂,就是考生拿过文章,满头雾水,即使硬着头皮读文章,也是一知半解。然后匆忙做体,仅凭感觉去蒙,因此做体准确率必然不高。
2014年12月大学英语四级考试备考资料《阅读理解》考前强化训练及答案 （第1-10篇） 第一篇 The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed, almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped an y postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of t he year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the r apid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 perc ent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income avail able for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1 950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dolla rs a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million w anted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was n ot sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketin g costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who w ere not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.
1. You would not have failed if you had followed my instructions/orders.(按照我的指令去做) 2. Despite the hardship he encountered Mark never gave up the pursuit of knowledge.( gave up pursueing knowledge(放弃对知识的追求) 3. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before we find the cure for cancer.(我们找到治愈癌症的方法) 4. Production has to be increased considerably to keep pace with the consumers’ growing demands.(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步) 5. The more exercise you take ,the less likely you catch a cold.(你越不 大可能得感冒) 6. Soon after he transferred to the new school ,Ali found that he had much difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates.(很难跟上班里的同学) 7. If she had returned an hour earlier ,Mary would not have been caught in the heavy rain.(就不会被大雨淋了) 8. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to put on weight.(更有可能增加体重) 9. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is closely related to the lack of (physical) exercise .(与缺乏锻炼密切相关) 10. What many people didn’t realize is that Simon is a lover of sports ,and football in particular.(很多人没有意识到的) 11. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that they haven’t found answers today.(他们至今还没有找到答案) 12. What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.(大多数父母所关心的) 13. You’d better take a sweater which you in case it turns cold.(in case of temperature drop以防天气变冷) 14. Throught the project,many people have received training and decided to start their own business(决定自己创业) 15. The anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor.(直到一名医生偶然发现了它) 16. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research could be applied to the development of the new technology.(能应用于新技术的开发)
2014年大学英语四级基础语法讲义8 My shoes are worn out. My shoes are worn out.我的鞋穿破了。 Be worn out 表示“穿破了”，这个词组看起来是被动形式，但并不强调被动，强调的是状态或者情况，可以理解为形容词短语。例如： My clothes are worn out and I have to mend them. 我的衣服穿破了，我得补一下。 You see,this glass is broken. 你瞧，这个杯子破了。 ★You'd better buy a new pair. You'd better buy a new pair.你最好买一双新的。 A pair of…表示“一对”，“一双”，指一起使用的两个相同的东西。例如： Have you bought a pair of shoes? 你买了一双鞋吗？ This pair of glasses is very good for me. . . . .
这副眼镜我戴很好。 ★That's a bit expensive. That's a bit expensive.价钱有点贵。 A bit 表示“一点儿”，“有些”，在句中作定语或者状语，相当形容词或者副词。与a little 是同义词。例如： It's a bit cold today;you'd better put on more clothes. 今天有点冷，你最好多些穿衣服。 If you study a bit hard,you can pass the exam. 如果你多一点努力学习，你就能考试及格。 Please give me a little water. 请给我一点儿水。 ★The shop was quite new,for it had opened only the week before. The shop was quite new,for it had opened only the week before.因上周才开的，所以商店很新。 For 表示“因为”，相当于because 和as.表明原因，三个词中，because语气最强，for 语气最弱。For 表明的原因要写在后面。例如： I want to go to bed,for I feel tired. 我想去睡觉，因为我感到累了。 . . . .
历年英语四级翻译真题 及答案 集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]
历年英语四级翻译真题及答案2012年6月翻译真题 87. Those flowers looked as if they __ ___________________________(好长时间没有浇水了). 88. Fred bought a car last week. It is __________________________(比我的车便宜一千英镑). 89. This TV program is quite boring. We might ______________________(不妨听听音乐). 90. He left his office in a hurry, with___________________________(灯亮着门开着). 91. The famous novel is said to _____________________(已经被翻译成多种语言). 2011年12月翻译真题 87. Charity groups organized various activities to ___________________________________(为地震幸存者筹款). 88. Linda __________________________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件) otherwise, she would have replied. 89. It’s my mother _____________________________(一直在鼓励我不要灰心)when I have difficulties in my studies.
大学英语四级考试语法指导 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反)： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反)： 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例： 1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)
大学英语四级备考资料下载汇总 大学英语四级真题试卷 历年大学英语四级真题试卷+答案+听力原文+MP3（1989-2010.6） 大家网2010年6月大学英语四六级真题+听力+答案解析大全 2009年12月大学英语四级真题WORD版+真题图片版+听力+答案解析 [在线题库]2008.6-2009.12大学英语四级真题测试及专题训练（含听力及答案） [原创]一字千金2009年6月20日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷(A卷) https://www.doczj.com/doc/f910950363.html,/thread-358727-1-1.html [原创][震撼：找一个错，给一千元！]大家版一字千金2007年6月大学英语四级试题 https://www.doczj.com/doc/f910950363.html,/thread-133758-1-1.html [原创][找一处错，给一千元！]大家版一字千金2007年12月大学英语四级cet4试题 https://www.doczj.com/doc/f910950363.html,/thread-166866-1-1.html 2010年更新书籍： [大家网首发]晨读英语美文100篇CET-4（第2版最新修订）（PDF+MP3含字幕）下载 《生而为赢——新东方英语背诵美文30篇》Mp3+原创文本书签版下载 冲刺！！《星火新题型大学英语4级考试一本全:2010年6月高分冲刺版(附MP3光盘1张)下载大家网首发-《大学英语四级考试710分新题型指南》PDF下载 大家网首发-大学英语4级考试710分词汇速记(2008年第2版)PDF下载 《生而为赢——我们都是有故事的人》第一大章文本及音频、桌面图片下载 2010新东方四级精品班资料完美分享下载 [新东方2010精品班资料]CET4写作高分班电子教材WORD下载 强烈推荐！！英语四级绝对实用的高频动词词组(高清版)下载 [新东方精品班资料]四级活跃动词高频词组WORD下载 大学英语四级常见的英语同义词50组(适用于写作和完形题)下载 [新东方精品班资料]刘一男4000新决以词雄（含音标）51页WORD下载 《胡敏读故事记单词--大学英语四级词汇》中国广播电视出版社（PDF+MP3）下载 模拟题 冲刺！！星火《新题型大学英语4级考试一本全:2010年6月高分冲刺版》预测卷二含听力 冲刺！！星火《新题型大学英语4级考试一本全:2010年6月高分冲刺版》预测卷一含听力2010年6月大学英语四级考试五套全真预测WORD下载 （解密版）2008年12月大学英语4级考试710分巅峰训练（PDF+MP3）下载 星火英语2008年6月版]四级全真优化与命题预测（3套真题+5套预测题） 王长喜08年12月新四级冲刺试卷10套（含MP3）汇总帖 大学英语四级备考词汇资料大汇总 词汇背诵安排表：
历年四级段落型翻译真题 Roger Li 2014 年6 月大学英语四级翻译 试卷一：中餐许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition) 。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 译文： Many people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is viewed as not only a skill but also a form of art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredients vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 信息技术(Information Technology) ，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。译文： As Chinese citizens are attaching increasing importance to the rapidly developing Information Technology, some colleges even set it as a compulsory course. In regard to this, people hold different opinions. Some people view it as unnecessary move, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Other thinks it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology arouses public concern. 试卷三：茶文化 " 你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties) 期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18 世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。译文： "Would you like tea or coffee?" That 's a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners would choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 试卷四：中国结 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里
大学英语四级常考语法总结 一、虚拟语气。应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往往采用“should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。 二、独立主格题。一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格结构。两种结构都做状语，不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。 三、时态。英语中共有16个时态。四级考试中出现最多的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。 四、名词性从句。形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点，用什么引导词，引导词前面的介词形式，引导词在从句中做什么成分，从句的语序等均有可能成为考点。此外，主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。 五、主谓一致。这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式，如people, poultry, militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则：主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。
六、倒装结构。分为全部倒装和部分倒装。那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句，部分倒装和全部倒装有和区别，as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。 七、非谓语动词。①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式，同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在现在分词一般式或过去分词;在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式;发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式;③表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。
2019年12月大学英语四六级语法讲义 一、识别句子成分必须记住的原理 1.衡量是否是一个句子的标准：是否有动词，有动词就是句子，反之不是句子。 2.英语构句原则规定：一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词。 3.长难句的构成：主句、从句、介词短语、非谓语动词。 （1）主句的辨识：谓语动词 （2）从句的辨识：连词+与之匹配的谓语动词 （3）介词短语：（4）非谓语动词：4.衡量长难句划分是否正确的标准：整个句子中谓语动词的个数比连词多一个5.长难句划分方法：连动切割法 ·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基础， 断开主句和从句。 ·长难句划分的具体步骤： 【第一步】断开主句和从句 通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而 言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主 语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如 果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。） 【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词 A.从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束 B.从介词开始到动名词结束 C.从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束动名词（doing ） 动词不定式（to do ） 现在分词（doing ） 过去分词（done ） 在进行第一步的时候注意以下5种情况： 1如果动词前没有任何（落单的）连词，那么该动词应该是主句的谓语。 2如果动词前有两个或两个以上的连词，那么动词和连词的匹配遵守就近原则。 3如果动词比连词多两个或两个以上，说明有连词省略了或者把过去分词错当 成谓语动词。 4切割嵌套的从句：从句往往从连词开始到从句中的第二个谓语动词出现之前 结束。 5有些词既可以是连词，也可以具有别的词性 例如：that ：既可以是连词，也可以是代词或者限定词； than 、before 、after 、until 等既可以是连词也可以是介词
英文书信的起首语 I was glad to receive your letter of May 4 ... With great delight I learn that ... I have the pleasure to tell you that... We have received with many thanks your letter of 20 May, and take the pleasure of sending you our latest catalog. I’m writing to… 英文书信的结束语 I hope to hear from you very soon. I look forward to your early reply (your reply at your earliest conv enience. Your early reply will be highly appreciated. I look forward to our next meeting. Please let us know if you want more information. Any other particulars required I shall be pleased to give you. We enclose two copies of... Enclosed is a resume of my background and experience. 如何完美表达书信中的“谢谢” I sincerely (deeply) (warmly) appreciate ...
Section ⅠGrammar Ⅰ名词 1．复合名词的复数形式 man或woman修饰名词构成复合名词变成复数形式，须把把组成该复合词的两个词都变成复数形式。如：man cook—men cooks，man servant—men servants，woman nurse—women nurses，woman singer—women singers，woman writer—women writers 2．英语中有些名词的复数形式的词义不同于单数形式 3．以-s结尾的不可数名词有以下几类 4．单复数同形的名词可以分为以下几类
5．只有复数形式的名词可以分为以下几类 5.名词在含有基数词的复合词中数的形式 在“基数词+ 名词”或“基数词+ 名词+形容词”形式的复合词中，名词一律用单数。如：a two-week vacation（两周的假期），a ten-year-old boy（10岁的男孩），a two-story house（一栋二层楼的房子） Ⅱ基数词的单数与复数的区别 ten, hundred, thousand, million, billion等词在表示确切数目时用单数形式，直接位于所修饰的名词之前。如：three thousand students，tem million dollars；在表示约略数目时用复数形式，在所修饰的名词之前须有介词for。如：billions of times，tens of thousands of elements，
thousands upon thousands of people。 Ⅲ时态 1．一般现在时 2．现在进行时 与always, constantly连用表示赞叹、埋怨、厌烦等情感，可译成“总是，老是”等。例如：My daughter is always watching TV after school. 我女儿放学后老是看电视。 3．一般将来时 ⑴在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如： If it rains tomorrow, the match will be canceled. 如果明天下雨，就取消这场比赛。 ⑵下列动词的进行时表示将来时 go, come, leave, arrive, drive, fly, see (= interview), visit, hear (= receive), feel (= touch), start, meet, stay, land, take等。例如： We are leaving for America tomorrow. 我们明天前往美国。 ⑶一般现在时表示预定的行为，如交通、电影院等时间、节目的安排等。例如： The visitors arrive at 8:30 a.m.. 客人们将在上午8：30到达。 ⑷to be going to do ⑸to be to do ⑹to be about to do 4．现在完成时 ⑴表示一个已经发生但对现在的情况有影响的动作，常与already, just, yet等时间状语连 用。例如： We have already reserved a room at Beijing Hotel for the 15th of October. 我们已在北京饭店预定了10月15日的房间。 ⑵表示从过去某时到现在这段时间中发生的事情，常与下列时间状语连用：up till now, so far, recently, this days, these term, in the past … years等。例如： We have learned 2000 English words this term. 这学期我们已经学了1000个英语单词了。 ⑶表示一个由过去某时继续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段的时间状语连用：for…, since…等。例如： I have lived here for 10 years. 我在这已经住了十年了。 ⑷用在表示时间或条件的状语从句中，表示将来某时业已完成的动作。例如： We’ll start at 5 o’clock if it has stopped raining by then. 我们5点动身，如果那时雨停得话。 5．过去完成时 表示一个动作在过去某一动作之前业已发生，或在过去某时间业已完成。 ⑴by + 过去时间：例如： By the end of last month, we had learned 2000 English words. 到上个月底为止，我们已经学了2000个英语单词了。 ⑵根据上下文判断：往往带有一个表示过去时间的状语从句。例如： When we got to the station, the train had already left. 我们到达火车站的时候，火车已经离开了。 6．将来完成时 表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作。