四级真题201106

【快速阅读】1.B)Its bad taste.2.A)an inadequate supply of food3.B)Its people cared more for quantity.4.C)all kinds of overseas visitors5.C)New ideas and persentations.6.D)maintain British traditional tastes7.B)They are produced on excellent organic farms.8.the local markets9.in a British way10.share their meals大家网版2011年6月四级快速阅读答案解析【听力理解】2011年6月18日大学英语四级真题听力mp3下载2011年6月英语四级真题听力原文完整版四级听力答案11. A He is careless about his appearance.12. A Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.13. A Training for the Mi-Atlantic Championship.14. D He has been having a hard time.15. D The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. C The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.17. C Jill wore the overcoat last week.18. B An imaginary situation.19. D. A sport he participates in.20. D He can’t decide whether to include the effort part of sk iing.21. A New ideas come up as you write.22. D Hostess of the weekly “Business World”.23. B He and his wife did everything by themselves.24. B He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.25. B The restaurant atmosphere.26. A There are many false notions about it.27. C It can lead to the loss of vision in children.28. D It can only be partly accomplished now.29. D They have jobs and other commitments.30. A They don’t want to use up all their life savings.31. C Be frank and seek help from others.32. A Health and safety conditions in the workplace.33. A Replace its out-dated equipment.34. A They requested to transfer to a safer department.35. C To protest against the poor working conditions.36. survive37. distant38. backward39. discovered40. scientific41. motion42. predicted43. introduced44. that move at a speed greater than light, and therefore, might serve as our passports to the past45. seems to have been a part of humanity for as long as human have existed46. used a definition of time for experimental purposes, as that which is measured by a clock【仔细阅读】SECTION A47. N) tend48. L) negative49. H) efficiently50. B) associated51. A) alert52. J) function53. F) definitely54. O) younger55. E) continuing56. G) different大家网原创]四级阅读【选词填空】答案精析SECTION BPASSAGE 157.D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.58.D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.59.A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.60.D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.61.A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.PASSAGE 262.B) Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming.63.A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.64.B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.65.D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.66.D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.大家网版2011年6月18日大学英语四级考试深度阅读Section B详细解析【完型填空】67.A) betweenB) throughC) insideD) to68.A) seriousB) splendidC) specialD) separate69.A) keyB) pointC) leadD) center70.A) strictB) differentC) typicalD) natural71.A) rescueB) preventC) forbidD) offend72.A) inB) uponC) forD) by73.A) turnB) putC) focusD) carry74.A) overB) alongC) withD) beyond75.A) otherB) betterC) ratherD) sooner76.A) conveyedB) consumedC) enteredD) exhausted77.A) vitalB) initialC) validD) radical78.A) disturbedB) depressedC) amazedD) amused79.B) containC) attainD) maintain80.A) interfereB) interactC) reckonD) rest81.A) atB) ofC) onD) within82.A) outB) intoC) offD) up83.A) EngageB) FillC) InsertD) Pack84.A) deleteB) hinderD) spoil85.A) notionB) hesitationC) reasonD) doubt86.A) outcomeB) functionC) impactD) commitment【翻译】87.and did not explain the reasons, either88. could be assigned to do another job89.risking his own life90. was answered by his assistant91. his father talked him into。

Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline givenbelow:1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议Online Shopping注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete thesentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston BlumenthaPs molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can betraced back to the Second World War. Before the War, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations (配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," T omes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up," says David T amlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restau-rants are modifying the recipes (菜谱) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes.T amlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards (牛奶蛋糊)we use Bird's Custard Powder," T amlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil T omes explains his passion for provenance (原产地)."Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."。

2011年6月份全国四级考试真题word绝情版Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words followingthe outline given below:1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议Online Shopping注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston BlumenthaPs molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the War, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations (配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes (菜谱) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards (牛奶蛋糊)we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2011年6月英语四级（CET4）真题有限冲击响应滤波器（FIR）算法实验一、实验目的1．掌握用窗函数法设计FIR数字滤波器的原理和方法；2．熟悉线性相位FIR数字滤波器特性；3．了解各种窗函数对滤波特性的影响。

二、实验设备计算机，CCS 3.1 版软件，E300实验箱，DSP仿真器，导线三、实验原理1．有限冲击响应数字滤波器的基础理论；2．模拟滤波器原理（巴特沃斯滤波器、切比雪夫滤波器、贝塞尔滤波器）；3．数字滤波器系数的确定方法。

四、实验步骤1．E300底板的开关SW4的第1位置ON，其余置OFF。

其余开关不用具体设置。

2．E300板子上的SW7开关的第1位置OFF，其余位置ON3．阅读本实验所提供的样例子程序；4．运行CCS软件，对样例程序进行跟踪，分析结果；5．填写实验报告。

6．样例程序实验操作说明A．实验前准备用导线连接“Signal expansion Unit”中2号孔接口“SIN”和“A/D单元”的2号孔接口“AD_IN0”。

（实验采用的是外部的AD7887模块）具体的采样数据请参看前面的“AD 实验样例”B．实验1.启动CCS 3.1，Project/Open打开“algorithm\02_fir”子目录下“fir.pjt”工程文件；2.双击“fir.pjt” 及“Source”可查看各源程序；加载“fir.out”；3.单击“Debug\Go main”进入主程序，在主程序最后“flag=0；”处，设置断点，4.单击“Debug \ Run”运行程序，程序将运行至断点处停止；5.用View / Graph / Time/Frequency打开一个图形观察窗口；设置观察图形窗口变量及参数为：采用双踪观察启始地址分别为x和y，长度为1024，这两个数组中分别存放的是经A/D转换后的输入混叠信号（输入信号）和对该信号进行FIR滤波的结果；设置如下：6.单击“Debug \ Animate”运行程序，或按F10运行程序；调整观察窗口并观察滤波结果，记录实验数据及波形；7.单击“Debug \ Halt”暂停程序运行，选择“fir.c”的编辑窗口；8.该程序为201阶FIR低通滤波器算法程序，采用矩形窗函数实现，数组h和xmid长度均为201，fs为采样频率，fstop为滤波器截止频率，可以修改以上参数来改变滤波器性能。

2011年6月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2. 网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3. 我的建议Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning ) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] . For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong’s smarte st British restaurants, Alfie’s by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say.“The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England,”the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realize that cooking —and eating—didn’t have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal’s molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish.“It’s no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he know s about food,”Tomes says.There was plenty ofroom for improvement. The problems with the nation’s cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the War, much ofBritain’s food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations (配给) .“As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food,”Tomes says.“And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens.”They weren’t looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they wer e looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritization of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with foo d that couldn’t compete with neighboring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital’s culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening ofAlfie’s in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong.“With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up,”says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai.“Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes.”Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes(菜谱) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp.“We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards (牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird’s Custard Powder,”Tamlyn says.“Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, suga r and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that.”Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes.“There are a lot of existing perception s about British food and so we can’t alter these too much.We’re a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged.”These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie’s, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the mo st gentlemen’s club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance (原产地).“Britain has started to become really proud of the food it’s producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high- quality meats.”However, the British don’t have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients.“We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK,” Tamlyn explains.“But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples.”The Phoenix, in Mid- Levels, o f ers the widest interpretation of“British cuisine”, while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets.“We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn’t perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish.”Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Britishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and“mixing it up”is not something co mmonly done inBritain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dishes to the table and o f er individual plates for each diner.“That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like,”Hill sa ys.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries (烤肉馆) , Tamlyn says.“Some tables will arrive on a Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them.”Some British traditions are too sacred (神圣的) to me ss with, however, Tomes says.“I’d never change a full English breakfast.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答； 8-10 题在答题卡 1 上.1． What is British food generally known for?[A] Its unique flavour. [C] Its special cooking methods.[B] Its bad taste. [D] Its organic ingredients.2． The Second World War led to ______ in Britain.[A] an inadequate supply of food [C] an increase in food import[B] a decrease of grain production [D] a change in people’s eating habits3．Why couldn’t Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in th e post-war decades?[A] Its food lacked variety. [C] It was short of well-trained chefs.[B] Its people cared more for quantity. [D] It didn’t have flavou rful food ingredients. 4．With culinary improvement in recent years, London’s restaurants are now able to appeal t o the tastes of ______.[A] most young people [C] all kinds of overseas visitors[B] elderly British diners [D] upper-class customers5． What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?[A] Authentic classic cuisine. [C] New ideas and presentations.[B] Locally produced ingredients. [D] The return of home-style dishes.6． While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ______.[A] benefit people’s health [C] be offered at reasonable prices[B] look beautiful and inviting [D] maintain British traditional tastes7． Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?[A] They appeal to people from all over the world.[B] They are produced on excellent organic farms.[C] They are processed in a scientific way.[D] They come in a great variety.8． Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from _____________________________________________.9． The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ______________________________.10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to __________________________________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.11. [A] He is careless about his appearance. [C] He changes jobs frequently.[B] He is ashamed of his present condition. [D] He shaves every other day.12. [A] Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.[B] Jane should have started a little earlier.[C] He knows what sort of person Jane is.[D] He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. [A] Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.[B] Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.[C] Collecting information about baseball games.[D] Analyzing their riva ls’on -field performance.14. [A] He had a narrow escape in a car accident.[B] He is hospitalized for a serious injury.[C] He lost his mother two weeks ago.[D] He has been having a hard time.15. [A] The woman has known the speaker for a long time.[B] The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.[C] The man is making a fuss about nothing.[D] The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. [A] He has difficulty making sense of logic.[B] Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.[C] The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.[D] Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. [A] Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill’s.[B] Jill missed her class last week.[C] Jill wore the overcoat last week.[D] She is in the same class as the man.18. [A] A computer game.[B] An imaginary situation.[C] An exciting experience.[D] A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] Beautiful scenery in the countryside.[B] Dangers of cross-country skiing.[C] Pain and pleasure in sports.[D] A sport he participates in.20. [A] He can’t find good examples to illustrate his point.[B] He can’t find a peaceful place to do the assignment.[C] He doesn’t know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.[D] He can’t decide whether to include the effort part of skiin g.21. [A] New ideas come up as you write.[B] Much time is spent on collecting data.[C] A lot of effort is made in vain.[D] The writer’s point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. [A] Journalist of a local newspaper.[B] Director of evening radio programs.[C] Producer of television commercials.[D] Hostess of the weekly“Business World”.23. [A] He ran three restaurants with his wife’s help.[B] He and his wife did everything by themselves.[C] He worked both as a cook and a waiter.[D] He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. [A] He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.[B] He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.[C] He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.[D] He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25. [A] The restaurant location.[B] The restaurant atmosphere.[C] The food variety.[D] The food price.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Its protection is often neglected by children.[B] It cannot be fully restored once damaged.[C] There are many false notions about it.[D] There are various ways to protect it.27. [A] It may make the wearer feel tired.[B] It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.[C] It can lead to the loss of vision in children.[D] It can permanently change the eye structure.28. [A] It can never be done even with high technology.[B] It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.[C] It is a major achievement in eye surgery.[D] It can only be partly accomplished now.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] They think they should follow the current trend.[B] Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.[C] Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.[D] They have jobs and other commitments.30. [A] They don’t want to use up all their life savings.[B] They fear they will regret it afterwards.[C] They would like to spend more time with them.[D] They don’t want to see their husbands poorly treated.31. [A] Provide professional standard care.[B] Be affectionate and cooperative.[C] Be frank and seek help from others.[D] Make full use of community facilities.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. [A] Health and safety conditions in the workplace.[B] Rights and responsibilities of company employees.[C] Common complaints made by office workers.[D] Conflicts between labor and management.33. [A] Replace its out-dated equipment.[B] Improve the welfare of affected workers.[C] Follow government regulations strictly.[D] Provide extra health compensation.34. [A] They requested to transfer to a safer department.[B] They quit work to protect their unborn babies.[C] They sought help from union representatives.[D] They wanted to work shorter hours.35. [A] To show how they love winter sports.[B] To attract the attention from the media.[C] To protest against the poor working conditions.[D] To protect themselves against the cold weather.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题在答题卡 2 上；请在答题卡 2 上作答.Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts (宇航员) somedaymay (36) _____________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37) _____________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38) _____________.Although no form of matter yet (39) _____________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40) _____________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41) _____________ causes a traveler’s time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42) _____________ this in 1905, when he (43) _____________the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44) _______________________________________________________.An obsession (沉迷) with time—saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it — (45) ____________________________________________________. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein ( 46 ) _____________________________________________________________________. Thus, time and time’s relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a (n) 48 effect on their brai n’s performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 if they slept for longer periods, he said.“The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.“It’s 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That’s 56 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.[A] alert [I] formally[B] associated[C] attracting[D] cling[E] continuing[F] definitely[G] different[H] efficiently [J] function [K] mixed [L] negative [M] sufficient [N] tend [O] youngerSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye—the only black student on his freshman year floor—said that“if you’re surrounded by whites, you have something to prov e.”Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely astwo white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings.“This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race,”she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.“One ofthe great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly,” said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley.“This is the definition of integration.”“I’ve experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes,” said one Penn resident advisor (RA) . The RA of two years added that while some conflicts“provided more mu lticultural acceptance a nd melding (融合) ,”there were also“jarring cultural confrontations.”The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答.57. What can we learn from some recent studies?[A] Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.[B] Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.[C] Interracial lodging does more harm than good.[D] Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.58. What does Sam Boakye’s remark mea n?[A] White students tend to look down upon their black peers.[B] Black students can compete with their white peers academically.[C] Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.[D] Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.59. What does the Indiana University study show?[A] Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.[B] Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.[C] Roommates of different races just don’t get along.[D] Assigning students’lodging randomly i s not a good polic y.60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the“definition of integration”?[A] Students of different races are required to share a room.[B] Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.[C] Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.[D] The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?[A] It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.[B] Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.[C] Students’racial backgroun d should be considered before lodging is assigned.[D] Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum’s report was“a methodological embarrassment”because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development invulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.” But the report, he said, “will harm the cause for action on both climate change an disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的) .”However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答.62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?[A] Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.[B] Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.[C] Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.[D] Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.63. What do we learn about the Forum’s report from the passage?[A] It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.[B] It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.[C] It was warmly received by environmentalists.[D] It caused a big stir in developing countries.64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum’s report?[A] Its statistics look embarrassing.[B] It is invalid in terms of methodology.[C] It deserves our closest attention.[D] Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.65. What is Soren Andreasen’s view of the report?[A] Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.[B] It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.[C] It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.[D] Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?[A] How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.[B] How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.[C] How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.[D] How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.。

2011年6月大学英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 3. Listening Comprehension 4. Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 5. Cloze 8. TranslationPart I Writing (30 minutes)1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚；2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题；3．我的建议……正确答案：Nowadays, online shopping has become one of the most fashionable life styles for modern people, especially young people. Certainly, online shopping is convenient. It helps us to save our valuable time, which can be invested into our work, leisure, and study. However, everything can be divided into two, and online shopping has no exception. It also has many problems. First cf all, most products have very poor quality. What’s worse, it will cause your financial insecurity, because the payment is done through the Internet. Therefore, your bank account or credit card numbers will be stolen and make you suffer a great loss. As far as I’m concerned, the benefits of online shopping greatly outweigh its drawbacks. People should make better use of shopping and bypass its negative effects. People can never be too careful when shopping online.解析：这是一篇有关社会热点的文章。

100个句子1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。

2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the t wenty-first century.2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial ex pressions.3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。

4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consum ers consider useful or desirable.5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disp osal of refuse.6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

2011年6月英语四级真题听力原文及答案Section A11. M: Shawn's been trying for months to find a job. But I wonder how he could get a job when he looks like that.W: Oh, that poor guy! He really should shave himself every other day at least and put on something clean.Q: What do we learn about Shawn?12. W: I wish Jane would call when sheknowshe'll be late. This is not the first time we've had to wait for her.M: I agree. But she does have to drive through very heavy traffic to get here. Q: What does the man imply?13. M: Congratulations! I heard your baseball team is going to the Middle Atlantic Championship.W: Yeah, we're all working real hard right now!Q: What is the woman's team doing?14. W: John's been looking after his mother in the hospital. She was injured ina car accident two weeks ago and still in critical condition.W：Oh, that's terrible. And you know his father passed away last year.Q: What do we learn about John?15.M: What a boring speaker! I can hardly stay awake.W: Well, I don't know. In fact, I think it's been a long time since I've heard anyone is good.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?16. W: I'm having a lot of trouble with logic and it seems my professor can't explain it in a way that makes sense to me.M: You know, there is a tutoring service on campus. I was about to drop statistics before they helped me out.Q: What does the man mean?17. M: This is a stylish overcoat. I saw you wearing it last week, did't I ?W: Oh, that wasn't me. That was my sister Joe. She's in your class.Q: What does the woman mean?18. M: Jane, suppose you lost all your money while taking a vacation overseas, what would you do?W: Well, I guess I'd sell my watch or computer or do some odd jobs till I could afford a return plane ticket.Q: What are the speakers talking about?Conversation OneM: Hello, Professor Johnson.W: Hello, Tony, so what shall we work on today?M: Well, the problem is that this writing assignment isn’t coming out right. What I thought I was writing on was to talk about what a particular sport means to me when I participate in.W: What sport did you choose?M: I decided to write about cross-country skiing.W: What are you going to say about skiing?M: That’s the problem. I thought I would write about how peaceful it is to be out in the country.W: So why is that a problem?M: I’d like to start describing how quite it is to be . I keep mentioning how much effort it takes to keep going. Cross-country skiing isn’t as simple as some people think. It takes a lot of energy, but that’s not heart of my paper, so I guess I should leave it out. But now I don’t know how to explain that feeling of peacefulness without explaining how hard you have to work for it. It all fits together. It’s not like just sitting down somewhere and watching the clouds rol l by. That’s different.W: Then you have to include that in your point. The peacefulness of cross-country skiing is the kind you earn by effort. Why leave that out? Part of the point you knew beforehand, but part you discovered as you wrote. That’s common, right?M: Yeah, I guess so.Q19. What is the topic of the man’s writing assignment?Q20. What problem does the man have while working on his paper?Q21. What does the woman say is common in writing papers?Conversation TwoW: Good evening and welcome to this week's Business World.It program for and about business people. Tonight we have Mr. Angeleno who came to the US six years ago, and is now an established businessman with three restaurants in town.Tell us Mr. Angeleno, how did you get started?M: Well I started off with a small diner. I did all the cooking myself and my wife waited on tables. It was really too much work for two people. My cooking is great. And word got around town about the food. Within a year, I had to hire another cook and four waitresses. When thatrestaurant became very busy, I decided to expand my business. Now with three placesmy main concern is keeping the business successful and running smoothly.W: Do you advertise?M: Oh yes. I don't have any TV commercials, because they are too expensive. But I advertise a lot on radio and in local newspapers. My children used to distributeads. in nearby shopping centres, but we don't need to do that anymore. W: Why do you believe you've been so successful?M: Em, I always serve the freshest possible food and I make the atmosphere as comfortable and as pleasant as I can, so that my customers will want to come back.W: So you always aim to please the customers?M: Absolutely!Without them I would at all.W: Thank you Mr.Angeleno.I think your advice will be helpfull to those just staring out in business.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. What is the woman’s occupation23. what do we learn about Mr.Angeleno’s business at its beginning24. what does Mr.Angeleno say about advertising his businesse.25. What does the man say contribute to his success?Section BPassage OneThere are many commonly held beliefs about eye glasses and eyesight that are not proven facts. For instance, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weakens the eyes. But there is no evidence to show that the structure of eyes is changed by wearing glasses at a young age. Wearing the wrong glasses, however, can prove harmful. Studies show that for adults there is no danger, but children can develop loss of vision if they have glasses inappropriate for their eyes.We have all heard some of the common myths about how eyesight gets bad. Most people believe that reading in dim light causes poor eyesight, but that is untrue. Too little light makes the eyes work harder, so they do get tired and strained. Eyestrain also results from reading a lot, reading in bed, and watching too much television. However, although eyestrain may cause some pain or headaches, it does not permanently damage eyesight. Another myth about eyes is that they can be replaced, or transferred from one person to another. There are close to one million nerve fibers that connect the eyeball to the brain, as of yet it is impossible to attach them all in a new person. Only certain parts of the eye can be replaced. But if we keep clearing up the myths and learning more about the eyes, some day a full transplant may be possible.26. What does the speaker want to tell us about eyesight?27. What do studies about wearing the wrong glasses show?28. What do we learn about eye transplanting from the talk?Passage TwoWhen people care for an elderly relative, they often do not use available community services such as adult daycare centers. If the caregivers are adult children, they are more likely to use such services, especially because they often have jobs and other responsibilities. In contrast, a spouse usually the wife, is much less likely to use support services or to put the dependent person in a nursing home. Social workers discover that the wife normally tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can in order not to use up their life savings. Researchers have found that caring for the elderly can be a very positive experience. The elderly appreciated the care and attention they received. They were affectionate and cooperative. However, even when care giving is satisfying, it is hard work. Social workers and experts on aging offer caregivers and potential caregivers help when arranging for the care of an elderly relative. One consideration is to ask parents what they want before they become sick or dependent. Perhaps they prefer going into a nursing home and can select one in advance. On the other hand, they may their adult children. Caregivers must also learn to state their needs and opinions clearly and ask for help from others especially brothers and sisters. Brothers and sisters are often willing to help, but they may not know what to do29. Why are adult children more likely to use community services to help care for elderly parents?30. Why are most wives unwilling to put their dependent husbands into nursing homes?31. According to the passage, what must caregivers learn to do?Passage ThreeSince a union representative visited our company to inform us about our rights and protections. My coworkers have been worrying about health conditions and complaining about safety hazards in the workplace. Several of the employees in the computer department, for example, claim to be developing vision problems from having to stare at a video display terminal for about 7 hours a day. The supervisor of the laboratory is beginning to get headaches and dizzy spells because she says it’s dangerous to breathe some of the chemical smoke there. An X-rays technician is refusing to do her job until the firm agrees to replace its out-dated equipment. She insists that it’s exposing workers to unnecessarily high doses of radiation. She thinks that she may have to contact the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and asked that government agency to inspect the department. I’ve heard that at a factory in the area twopregnant women who were working with paint requested a transfer to a safer department, because they wanted to prevent damage to their unborn babies. The supervisor of personnel refused the request. In another firm the workers were constantly complaining about the malfunctioning heating system, but the owners was too busy or too mean to do anything about it. Finally, they all met an agree to wear ski-clothing to work the next day. The owner was too embarrassed to talk to his employees. But he had the heating system replaced right away.32 What does the talk focus on?33 What did the X-ray technician ask her company to do?34 What does the speaker say about the two pregnant women working with paint?35 Why did the workers in the firm wear ski-clothing to work?Section CContrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts some day may survive so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the distant future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still, if you could move faster than light, your time would move backward.Although no form of matter yet discovered, moves as fast as or faster than light, scientific experiments has already confirmed that accelerated motion causes a traveler’s time to be stretched. Albert Einstein predicted this in 1905, when he introduced the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity.A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter that move at a speed greater than light. And therefore, might serve as our passports to the past. An obsession with time--saving, gaming, wasting, losing and mastering it-- seems to have been a part of humanity for as long as human have existed. Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein used a definition of time for experimental purposes, as that which is measured by a clock. Thus time and time’s relativity are measurable by any hour glass, alarm clock, or atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.答案11.A He is careless about his appearance.12.A Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.13.A Training for the Mi-Atlantic Championship.14.D He has been having a hard time.15.D The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16.C The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.17.C Jill wore the overcoat last week.18.B An imaginary situation.19.D. A sport he participates in.20.D He can’t decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21.A New ideas come up as you write.22.D Hos tess of the weekly “Business World”.23.B He and his wife did everything by themselves.24.B He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.25.B The restaurant atmosphere.26.A There are many false notions about it.27.C It can lead to the loss of vision in children.28.D It can only be partly accomplished now.29.D They have jobs and other commitments.30.A They don’t want to use up all their life savings.31.C Be frank and seek help from others.32.A Health and safety conditions in the workplace.33.A Replace its out-dated equipment.34.A They requested to transfer to a safer department.35.C To protest against the poor working conditions.36.survive37.distant38.backward39.discovered40.scientific41.motion42.predicted43.introduced44.that move at a speed greater than light, and therefore, might serve as our passports to the past45.seems to have been a part of humanity for as long as human have existeded a definition of time for experimental purposes, as that which is measured by a clock。

2011年6月份全国四级考试真题word绝情版Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words followingthe outline given below:1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议Online Shopping注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston BlumenthaPs molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance (原产地)."Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Britishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dishes to the table and offer individual plates for each diner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries (烤肉馆), Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on a Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred (神圣的)to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2011年6月英语四级（CET4）真题(1)1. I will hold your note until Christmas Day, ____C___ you certainly will have received your allowance.A. by that timeB. at that timeC. by which timeD. at which time2. The Prime Minister commanded that farmers __D______ loans from the government.A. would receiveB. receivedC. ought to receiveD. should receive3. They packed the instruments carefully __C__ they would be broken during transportation.A. so thatB. on condition thatC. for fear thatD. provided that4. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim __B______.A. may be hardly doubtedB. may be seriously doubtedC. may be hard doubtingD. may be doubted serious5. ___B___ hostels (客栈) may not offer the most comfortable quarters, they are convenient, inexpensive, and attractive to traveling students and young people.B. WhileC. Now thatD. If6. Were the wire of a smaller diameter (直径), its resistance ____D____.A. had been increasedB. was increasedC. might have been increasedD. would be increased7. He always prefers to start early rather than _____A___ everything to the last minute.A. leaveB. leavingC. leavesD. left8. Frank was advised to give the assignment to ____B____ he believed had a strong sense of responsibility.B. whoeverC. whomeverD. that9. Almost all the countries in the world hoped that the warring sides would ___B_____ a compromise.A. affectB. effectC. comeD. lead10. Our talk was completely ____D____out by the roar of the machines. As a result, we had to communicate with gestures.A. decreasedC. smashedD. drowned11. Can you __C____ furnishing your house luxuriously at a time when the company is losing so much money?A. verifyB. identifyC. justifyD. clarify12. There _____D__ new problems in respect of the relationship between the two countries in recent years.A. roseB. raisedC. liftedD. arose13. After the meeting the workers went back to their ___B_____ workshops.A. respectableB. respectiveC. respectfulD. respected14. His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any ___D_____ of it at all.A. interpretationB. meaningC. reasonD. sense15. It was such a(n) _____D___ to hear that Marta was found safe and well.A. concernB. anxietyC. expectationD. relief16. I think you should question their ___A_____ in offering to lend you the money.B. reasonsC. idealsD. initiatives17. The government is trying to __D___ public confidence in its management of the economy.A. recoverB. relieveC. preserveD. restore18. Unless you have a heated greenhouse we feel you will have difficulty in keeping the plant for very long indoors because they like a really warm and __C_____ atmosphere.A. vividB. amusedC. moistD. contaminated19. He won't succeed any way, ____D____ hard he tries.A. whateverB. no matterC. asD. however20. There's nothing on TV tonight, __D______ rubbish.A. rather thanB. more thanC. better thanD. other than(4)1. His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any __D______ of it at all.A. interpretationB. explanationC. meaningD. sense2. Two of the children have to sleep in one bed, but the other three have ___C_____ ones.A. completeB. singularC. separateD. different3. I remember seeing him some years ago, but I don't ___C_____ what he said.A. remindB. recognizeC. recallD. reflect4. If you think you can do my job better than I can, you are welcome to ___A_____.A. take it overB. take it offC. take it downD. take it in5. His results are not very ____C____. He does well one week and badly the next.A. invariableB. consequentC. consistentD. continuous6. Shortly after his retirement, the former president ____A____ gardening and hunting.A. took toB. took onC. took inD. took after7. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a ___B_____.A. scarcityB. minorityC. minimumD. shortage8. He looked ____A____, as if he'd missed a night's sleep.A. worn outB. worn offC. worn awayD. worn through9. They are well ____A____ with each other since they once studied in the same university.A. acquaintedB. recognizedC. acknowledgedD. identified10. ___C____ available annually to the University for publishing books are exhausted for the present.A. ExpensesB. CostsC. FundsD. Money11. ____A____ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.A. Had it not beenB. Weren't itC. It were notD. Had not it been12. We were greatly encouraged by the news of China __D_____ another man-made satellite.A. to have launchedB. to launchC. launchedD. having launched13. The revolutionary fighter would rather die with his head high than ___C__ with his knees bent.A. to liveB. livingC. liveD. lived14. Tim cannot but ____B____ his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty he has in doing his project.A. to askB. askC. askingD. asked15. ____B____, they have boldly undertaken the construction of a 26-story building.A. As they are youngB. Young as they areC. They are as youngD. As young as they are16. Don't worry about your son's illness. What he really needs is ____A____ a few days' rest.A. nothing butB. anything butC. something butD. everything but17. _____B___ you go on the earth, there is always gravity to keep you from falling off.A. WhenB. WhereverC. SinceD. Because18. The government is believed to be considering ___D___ a law making it a crime to import any kind of weapon.A. to passB. passedC. have passedD. passing19. The dictionary is to the student ___A_____ the tool is to the worker.A. whatB. thatC. as ifD. though20. ____C____ is a fact many smokers choose to ignore.A. To smoke is harmful to healthB. It is harmful to health to smokeC. That smoking is harmful to one's healthD. Smoking is harmful to health(5)1. Our talk was completely ___D_____ out by the roar of the machines. As a result, we had to communicate with gestures.A. decreasedB. reducedC. smashedD. drowned2. She was arrested for ___B_____ state secrets to a foreign reporter in return for her son going abroad.A. getting awayB. giving awayC. breaking awayD. putting away3. His health _____C___ as he ate too little and worked too hard for months on end.A. broke upB. broke throughC. broke downD. broke off4. After the meeting the workers went back to their _____B___ workshops.A. respectableB. respectiveC. respectfulD. respected5. His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any ____D____ of it at all.A. recognitionB. meaningC. intelligenceD. sense6. She ___C_____ the troubles ahead and took steps to avoid them.A. assumedB. proclaimedC. foresawD. claimed7. According to the _____C___ of the contract, tenants (房客) must give six months'notice if they intend to leave.A. lawsB. rulesC. termsD. details8. The government clearly had not the slightest ___D_____ of changing the legislation, in spite of the continued protest.A. desireB. ambitionC. willingnessD. intention9. When I got my case back, it had been damaged ___B_____ repair.A. aboveB. beyondC. overD. further10. He always ____A___ this town with his cousin.A. associatesB. remindsC. relatesD. accounts11. ____A____, I will not buy it.A. Much as I like itB. As I like it muchC. Much although I like itD. Though much I like it12. She ran back to the kitchen, eggs ____D____ carefully in her hands.A. holdingB. to be heldC. were heldD. held13. Many labor unions also have special funds ___B_____ workers can receive monthly checks when they retire or if they become disabled and cannot work.A. in thatB. from whichC. in caseD. in which14. The patient cannot but ____C____ the doctor's instructions, though he doesn't think it necessary.A. followingB. to followC. followD. followed15. She was glad that her success would ___A_____ for the women who wouldfollow.A. make things easierB. make her easierC. be easierD. be easier to make16. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ___D_____ and perfected right now.A. developedB. have developedC. will have been developedD. are being developed17. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ___A_____ after 11 o'clock at night.A. not be playedB. not to playC. were not playedD. did not play18. There ____A____ no further business, the meeting came toa stop.A. beingB. beenC. wasD. had been19. After the accident she suffered brain ___D_____ and couldn't speak.A. destructionB. diseaseC. harmD. damage20. George, together with some of his friends, ____C____ a race-horse.A. are buyingB. have boughtC. is buyingD. has been bought。

双语：奥巴马获胜演讲全文Below are Barack Obama's remarks as prepared for delivery tonight in Chicago:If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.It's the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen; by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the very first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different; that their voice could be that difference.It's the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Latino, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been a collection of Red States and Blue States: we are, and always will be, the United States of America.It's the answer that led those who have been told for so long by so many to be cynical, and fearful, and doubtful of what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.It's been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this day, in this election, at this defining moment, change has come to America.I just received a very gracious call from Senator McCain. He fought long and hard in this campaign, and he's fought even longer and harder for the country he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine, and we are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader. I congratulate him and Governor Palin for all they have achieved, and I look forward to working with them to renew this nation's promise in the months ahead.I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on that train home to Delaware, the Vice President-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last sixteen years, the rock of our family and the love of my life, our nation's next First Lady, Michelle Obama. Sasha and Malia, I love you both so much, and you have earned the new puppy that's coming with us to the White House. And while she's no longer with us, I know my grandmother is watching, along with the family that made me who I am. I miss them tonight, and know that my debt to them is beyond measure.To my campaign manager David Plouffe, my chief strategist David Axelrod, and the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what you've sacrificed to get it done.But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to it belongs to you.I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didn't start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington it began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston.It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give five dollars and ten dollars and twenty dollars to this cause. It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation's apathy; who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep; from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on the doors of perfect strangers; from the millions of Americans who volunteered, and organized, and proved that more than two centuries later, a government of the people, by the people and for the people has not perished from this Earth. This is your victory.I know you didn't do this just to win an election and I know you didn't do it for me. You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century. Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us. There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after their children fall asleep and wonder how they'll make the mortgage, or pay their doctor's bills, or save enough for college. There is new energy to harness and new jobs to be created; new schools to build and threats to meet and alliances to repair.The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even one term, but America I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there. I promise you we as a people will get there.There will be setbacks and false starts. There are many who won't agree with every decision or policy I make as President, and we know that government can't solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And above all, I will ask you join in the work of remaking this nation the only way it's been done in America for two-hundred and twenty-one years block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand.What began twenty-one months ago in the depths of winter must not end on this autumn night. This victory alone is not the change we seek it is only the chance for us to make that change. And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were. It cannot happen without you.So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism; of service and responsibility where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves, but each other. Let us remember that if this financial crisis taught us anything, it's that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers in this country, we rise or fall as one nation; as one people.Let us resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long. Let us remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House a party founded on the values of self-reliance, individual liberty, and national unity. Those are values we all share, and while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress. As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, 'We are not enemies, but friends…though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection.' And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn I may not have won your vote, but I hearyour voices, I need your help, and I will be your President too.And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of our world our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand. T o those who would tear this world down we will defeat you. To those who seek peace and security we support you. And to all those who have wondered if America's beacon still burns as bright tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from our the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity, and unyielding hope.For that is the true genius of America that America can change. Our union can be perfected. And what we have already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow.This election had many firsts and many stories that will be told for generations. But one that's on my mind tonight is about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta. She's a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old.She was born just a generation past slavery; a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky; when someone like her couldn't vote for two reasons because she was a woman and because of the color of her skin.And tonight, I think about all that she's seen throughout her century in America the heartache and the hope; the struggle and the progress; the times we were told that we can't, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes we can.At a time when women's voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes we can.When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs and a new sense of common purpose. Yes we can.When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. Yes we can.She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that 'We Shall Overcome.' Yes we can.A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination. And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change. Yes we can.America, we have come so far. We have seen so much. But there is so much more to do. So tonight, let us ask ourselves if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made?This is our chance to answer that call. This is our moment. This is our time to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace; to reclaim the American Dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth that out of many, we are one; that while we breathe, we hope, and where we are met with cynicism, and doubt, and those who tell us that we can't, we will respond with that timelesscreed that sums up the spirit of a people:Yes We Can. Thank you, God bless you, and may God Bless the United States of America. 以下是奥巴马(Barack Obama)为今晚在芝加哥演讲准备的讲稿：如果还有人对美国是否凡事都有可能存疑，还有人怀疑美国奠基者的梦想在我们所处的时代是否依然鲜活，还有人质疑我们的民主制度的力量，那么今晚，这些问题都有了答案。

2011年6月四级英语真题Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议Online Shopping注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with theinformation given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston BlumenthaPs molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the War, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations (配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes (菜谱) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others areusing better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards (牛奶蛋糊)we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance (原产地)."Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Britishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dishes to the table and offer individual plates for each diner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries (烤肉馆),Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on a Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred (神圣的)to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2021/4/9
6
III. Social Feature of the Feudal
England
▪ two classes: landlords and peasants. ▪ Black Death (1348-1349), and a third of the
population perished of this terrible plague. ▪ the war between England and France （ 40
years）. ▪ Rising of 1381 , its leaders were Wat Tyler and
John Ball. John Ball was a poor priest, whose saying ▪ “When Adam delved and Eve span ▪ Who was then the gentleman?”
2021/4/9
5
.
▪ Normans and English intermingled, English was once more the dominant speech in the country. But different from the old Anglo-Saxons.
▪ English "calf", "swine" and "sheep" for the animals, French "veal", "pork" and "mutton" for the flesh
2021/4/9
4ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
.
▪ The influence was great.

2009级大学英语期末练习1. The bridge was named ____A____ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A) after B) with C) by D) from2. There were no tickets _____D___ for Friday’s performance.A) preferable B) considerable C) possible D) available3. It wasn’t such a good dinner ____C____ she had promised us.A) that B) which C) as D) what4. They decided to chase the cow away ____C____ it did more damage.A) unless B) until C) before D) although5. ____B____ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A) Each B) Any C) Either D) One6 All ___D_____ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A) what is needed B) for our needsC) the thing needed D) that is needed7. ____A____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A) When compared B) CompareC) While comparing D) Comparing8. ____C____ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.A) That was from Stephen B) It was Stephen whomC) It was from Stephen that D) It was Stephen that9. We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have __A______ one this month.A) another B) moreC) the other D) other10. It was difficult to guess what her ____D____ to the news would be.A) impression B) reactionC) comment D) opinion11. I decided to go to the library as soon as I ____B____.A) finish what I didB) finished what I didC) would finish what I was doingD) finished what I was doing12. There were some ___A_____ flowers on the table.A) artificial B) unnaturalC) false D) unreal13. We are interested in the weather because it ____B____ us so directly-what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.A) benefits B) affectsC) guides D) effects14. Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class; she ____C____ have studied very hard.A) may B) should C) must D) ought to15. _____B___ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.A) During the 1960’s B) It was in the 1960’sC) That it was in the 1960’s D) It was the 1960’s16. He suggested ____D____ to tomorrow‟s exhibition together.A) us to go B) we went C) we shall go D) we go17. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to____A____.A) the other B) any other C) another D) other18. With agreement was reached I the discussion as neither side would give way to。

命题人：大学英语教研室试卷类别：_B 卷大学英语课程试卷2005至2006学年第二学期专业：非英语专业年级：05级姓名：_____ 学号：______成绩:_____ 考试形式：闭卷时间：100分钟Part I Vocabulary and StructureSection AChoose the correct item to complete each sentence. (0.5’ X 10)1. It is important to give children _________ to think for themselves.A. locationB. placeC. roomD. position2. He always ___________ the latest fashions.A. commentedB. appearedC. followedD. attempted3. The twins were dressed ________ in blue jeans so I couldn’t tell which was which.A. likeB. likelyC. alikeD. liking4. It’s wrong to leave a hotel without _______ all your bills.A. givingB. payingC. charging C. taking5. We should take pride ______ our great country.A. aboutB. inC. onD. at6. Their religion(宗教) is based on a respect for all _________ things.A. liveB. livingC. livedD. alive7. Nobody knows _______ will happen next.A. whenB. howC. ifD. what8. I could n’t find my dictionary, so I asked Mary ________ use hers.A. toB. if I couldC. can ID. could I9. He wondered ________ she would accept the offer or not.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. which10. The village was very small. There were only ________ houses.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a littleSection BComplete each sentence with the correct form of the word given. (1’ X 10)1.He drove so fast that I really felt my life was in (dangerous) ____________.2.Many young people are crazy about this handsome (act) _________.3.After her mother left for Beijing, her calls became less (frequently) __________.4.I have complete (confident) _____________ in my best friend.5.The lucky couple had a long and happy (marry) __________.6.Once again we were very (disappoint) _____________ at the outcome of the talks.7.The events were (faith) _________ recorded in her diary.8.By and by, she was getting (impatience) ______________ at having to wait so long.9.The proposed plan will not (satisfaction) ________________ everyone.10.The speech was so (humor) _____________ that the audience kept laughing all through it.Part II Reading ComprehensionDirection: This part is to test your reading ability. There are some tasks for you to fulfill. Y ou should read the reading material carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.T ask 1Y our Public Affairs Studies Course requires that you understand a major investigation（调查）on any topic of interest and it also requires that your draw together all the areas of your study. However, you do not need to give equal emphasis to each area. With this in mind, you can now start planning your project for investigation. Y our course of study will bring you in contact with many issues; some of these will be of more interest to you than others. Y our teacher or classmates may be able to make suggestions. Newspapers and magazines that you read carry issues of relevance (关联) to your studies; look at these carefully. Y ou are sure to find sources of ideas from them which you can adapt to form the basis of your report. Career interests are also a source for inspiration（灵感）, as you may have in mind a career which you wish to enter. Whatever you choose, it must be something that you are interested in. It should have some meaning to you, either now or in the future. Interest is of great importance because it helps to keep motivation (动力) or concentration.1. What is the course in the passage about?A. InvestigationsB. Career InterestsC. Public RelationsD. Public Affairs2. The course can help you to _______.A. select your career interestsB. make suggestions to your friendsC. design your investigationD. find solutions to many issues3. To get information related to your study, you’d better pay close attention to _____.A. newspapers and magazinesB. the problems and solutionsC. all the areas of your studyD. the suggestions of the teachers4. The topic of your investigation must be one ______.A. from which you can form your reportB. that you are interested inC. that your teacher approvesD. that you already have in your mind5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. If you like your career, you will be motivated to do it well.B. If you have chosen a good career, you will be interested in it.C. If you like your career, you must do it well.D. If you find it difficult to enter a good career, you must wait.Task 2Doctors estimated that about 40% of women over thirty in Britain are overweight. This figure may well be misleading as certainly large number of overweight people never seek medical advice.Many women are very worried about being overweight. They feel that it shows a lack of will-power or self-control on their part. In addition, fat women do not conform to the modern idealof beauty exemplified (作为例子) by fashion models and young films stars who are all incredibly （难以置信地）thin.Apart from aesthetic (审美的) reasons, there are strong medical grounds for not overeating. Overweight people are particularly more likely to get heart disease and are easily tired by physical activity. Losing weight would certainly make them feel healthier and increase their life expectancy (期望).Some women feel guilty about being fat and their guilt is repressed by eating more. It is a vicious (邪恶的) circle. On the other hand, there are women who unnecessarily lose weight in order to conform (使符合) to a model of social acceptability. Some of them end up by starving (挨饿) themselves to death! So perhaps it might be better to try to remove fat people’s unhappiness than to try to remove the fat.6. The best title for this passage would be _______.A. The percentage of overweightB. Overweight peopleC. Doctor’s estimationD. Losing weight7. Many women are worried about being overweight because _________.A. they would like to be fashion models.B. they would like to be film star.C. they want to follow the modern ideal beauty.D. they lack will-power.8. The author mentioned some medical grounds for not being overweight. Which of the followingis not included?A. Overweight people are easily tired by physical activity.B. Overweight people usually get heart disease.C. Losing weight would help overweight people increase their life expectancy.D. Being overweight doesn’t conform to the modern ideal of beauty.9. Some women lose weight by ________.A. refusing to eatB. overeatingC. getting rid of their happinessD. getting rid of their heart disease10. What is the author’s attitude towards losing weight?A. He is for this idea.B. He is against this idea.C. He is neutral.D. His attitude is not mentioned.T ask 3English for Cambridge ExaminationThis course prepares non-native speakers for the internationally recognized First Certificate in English.Syllabus (课程大纲)Speaking skills are taught as part of an integrated approach. Special emphasis is placed on the ability to communicate successfully at all levels. Listening skills are also taught as part of integrated approach. Extensive use is made of our modern language laboratory and video self-access center.Grammar practice is an essential part of the preparation for the examination. Student are introduced to word processing on computers.Integrated into our basic syllabus for speaking, listening and reading are regular classes onBritish life and institutions including the legal system, politics and the press. Literary (文学的) text form a part of all courses.Careers and future studyThe FCE is an intermediate qualification internationally recognized in commerce, industry and higher education.AdmissionApplication --- refer direct to the Language Center, University Brighton, Falmer, Brighton BN 19 PH for details and application form.ContactT ask 4A--- End Held CallB--- Read MessageC--- Last One CallD--- Fixed DialingE--- Call V oice-mailF--- Call WaitingG--- V oice DialingH--- Play V oice-notesI--- Call BarringJ--- Key Answer OnlyK--- Edit MessageL--- Call DivertingM--- End Current CallN--- Phone BookO--- Reply to Message16．（）结束当前通话（）只能用按键应答17．（）连接语音信箱（）最后一次通话18．（）固定号码拨号（）播放语音记事19．（）呼入转移（）禁止通话20．（）语音拨号（）编辑短消息T ask 5Directions: Read the following passage. After reading it, you are required to complete the statements below it. Y ou should write your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.Job-hunting Myths(误区)Don’t defeat yourself by accepting common myths, says the head of an international consulting(咨询)company.Myth 1: If there’s noting available in your field, switch careers.Fact1 : That’s one of the worst things you can do. Y ou compete against others with experience, and you will not approach your old salary level.Myth 2 : Lower your salary demands. Y ou’ll be more attractive to employers in an uncertain economy.Fact 2 : People who aks for less are viewed as “undesirable property”. If you are considered anything less than first-class, you are not likely to be hired.Myth 3 : If you are over 50, it will be very hard to find another job.Fact 3 : Workers over 50 win new jobs almost as quickly as youngsters do, Today’s employers place a premium(额外补贴) on experience.Myth 4 : Bring up salary as quickly as possible in the first interview.Fact 4 : That’s a fast way to be removed (取消)from consideration. It tells employers you are more concemed with yourself than with the company.Myth 5 : Y ou can only get interviews between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.on weekdays.Fact 5 : Employers are often available before and after regular hours when the office is quieter. If you get an interview then, you’ve got an employer’s concentrated attedtion.21. What is the disadvantage o changing your career?Y ou will not reach22. What will be the result if you are not considered as first-class?Y ou are less possible to23. What actually will experienced older people get?They are likely to get24. What will happen if you ask for a high salary in the first interview?It will make you the job.25. What is a better time for and interview?Not .Part III T ranslationPut the following into English:1. 他似乎以贬低别人为快.(speak poorly of )2. 他知道那项任务很难,但还是接受了. (be conscious of )3. 只要你经常锻炼,你又会变得健康起来.(as long as )4. 我们应该从失败中吸取教训,这是很重要的.(learn a lesson from)Put the following into Chinese1. My father often said that it was only because my grandmother was so economical that thewolves were kept at bay.2. These people are angry that the building is now in danger of being destroyed, along with theirmemories.3. It is more than just clothing and hairstyles that are in style one year and out of date the next; it isa whole way of living.4. Helen was in her 60s, had red hair, and tons of self-respect---something I was really lacking.Part IV WritingDirections:This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. Write an English schedule for Tom according to the information given below in Chinese. Some parts of it have been done for you. Remember to write it on the Composition/Translation Sheet.汤姆是公司销售部经理,工作繁忙，下面是他某一周的工作安排：周一上午写业务报告，下午和总经理讨论业务报告。

2011年6月大学英语四级真题Part I Writing (30 minutesOnline Shopping1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚。

2.网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题。

3.我的建议。

Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning (15 minutesBritish Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine(烹饪 has come of age in recent years as chefs(厨师 combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chef such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal's molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the war, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations(配给."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary(烹饪的 scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurant are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes(菜谱of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while other are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditional and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particulary. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards(牛奶蛋糊 we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples(主菜 that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance(原产地. "Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Brutishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dished to the table and offer individual plates for each dinner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries(烤肉馆, Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred(神圣的 to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never changea full English breakfast."1. What is British food generally known for?A Its unique flavor.B Its bad taste.C Its special cooking methodsD Its organic ingredients.2. The Second World War led to ____ in Britain.A an inadequate supply of foodB a decrease of grain productionC an increase in food importD a change in people's eating habits3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighboring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?A Its food lacked variety.B Its people cared more for quantity.C It was short of well-trained chefs.D It didn't have flavorful food ingredients.4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of ____.A most young peopleB elderly British dinersC all kinds of overseas visitorsD upper-class customers5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?A Authentic classic cuisine.B Locally produced ingredients.C New ideas and presentations.D The return of home-style dishes.6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ____.A benefit people's healthB look beautiful and invitingC be offered at reasonable pricesD maintain British traditional tastes7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?A They appeal to people from all over the world.B They are produced on excellent organic forms.C They are processed in a scientific way.D They come in a great variety.8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from ____________________.9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ________________.10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to ___________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes Section A11. A He is careless about his appearance.B He is ashamed of his present condition.C He changes jobs frequently.D He shaves every other day.12. A Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B Jane should have started a little earlier.C He knows what sort of person Jane is.D He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. A Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.B Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.C Collecting information about baseball games.D Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.14. A He had a narrow escape in a car accident.B He is hospitalized for a serious injury.C He lost his mother two weeks ago.D He has been having a hard time.15. A The woman has known the speaker for a long time.B The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.C The man is making a fuss about nothing.D The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. A He has difficulty making sense of logic.B Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.C The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.D Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. A Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's.B Jill missed her class last week.C Jill wore the overcoat last week.D She is in the same class as the man.18. A A computer game.B An imaginary situation.C An exciting experience.D A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A Beautiful scenery in the countryside.B Dangers of cross-country skiing.C Pain and pleasure in sports.D A sport he participates in.20. A He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.B He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.C He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.D He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21. A New ideas come up as you write.B Much time is spent on collecting data.C A lot of effort is made in vain.D The writer's point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A Journalist of a local newspaper.B Director of evening radio programs.C Producer of television commercials.D Hostess of the weekly "Business World".23. A He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.B He and his wife did everything by themselves.C He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. A He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.B He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.C He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.D He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25. A The restaurant location.B The restaurant atmosphere.C The food variety.D The food price.Section B Passage One26. A Its protection is often neglected by children.B It cannot be fully restored once damaged.C There are many false notions about it.D There are various ways to protect it.27. A It may make the wearer feel tired.B It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.C It can lead to the loss of vision in children.D It can permanently change the eye structure.28. A It can never be done with high technology.B It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.C It is a major achievement in eye surgery.D It can only be partly accomplished now.Passage Two29. A They think they should follow the current trend.B Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.C Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.D They have jobs and other commitments.30. A They don't want to use up all their life savings.B They fear they will regret it afterwards.C They would like to spend more time with them.D They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.31. A Provide professional standard care.B Be frank and seek help from others.C Be affectionate and cooperative.D Make use of community facilities.Passage Three32. A Health and safety conditions in the workplace.B Rights and responsibilities of company employees.C Common complaints made by office workers.D Conflicts between labor and management.33. A Replace its out-dated equipment.B Improve the welfare of affected workers.C Follow the government regulations strictly.D Provide extra health compensation.34. A They requested to transfer to a safer department.B They quit work to protect their unborn babies.C They sought help from union representatives.D They wanted to work shorter hours.35. A To show how they love winter sports.B To attract the attention from the media.C To protect against the poor working conditions.D To protect themselves against the cold weather. Section CContrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts(宇航员 someday may (36__________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37__________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38__________ .Although no form of matter yet (39__________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40__________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41__________ causes a traveler'stime to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42__________ this in 1905, when he(43__________ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter(44_________________________________________________________________________________________ .An obsession(沉迷with time-saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it-(45_____________________________________________________________________ ___________ ___________________________________ . Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein(46_______________________________________________________________________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth (25 minutesSection AThe popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n 48 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生 at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 if they slept for longer periods, he said."The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间 overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego."It's 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 56 from person to person, but theSection B Passage OneSeveral recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地 assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性 of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Roakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor-said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more likely toexperience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing."One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration.""I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA. The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studies and explained.57. What can we learn from some recent studies?A Conflicts between studies of different races are unavoidable.B Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.C Interracial lodging does more harm than good.D Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?A White students tend to look down upon their black peers.B Black students can compete with their white peers academically.C Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.D Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.59. What does the Indians Univerisity study show?A Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.B Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.C Roommates of different races just don't get along.D Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?A Students of different races are required to share room.B Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.C Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.D The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?A It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.B Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.C Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.D Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.Passage TwoGlobal warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, theformer United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate changewas raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良 and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was " a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的 regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention." But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的"However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming.C Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?A It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C It was warmly received by environmentalists.D It caused a big stir in developing countries.64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?A Its statistics look embarrassing.B It is invalid in terms of methodology.C It deserves our closest attention.D Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?A Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?A How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Part ⅤCloze (15 minutesWhen it comes to eating amart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term fixes and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift 67 your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that 68 amounts of individual nutrients (营养物 were the 69 to good health," says Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a 70 understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to 71 not only heart disease but disease 72 general," she adds.Scientists now 73 on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten 74 several days or a week 75 than on the number of milligrams (毫克 of this or that 76 at each meal. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds 77 for good health. "The more we learn, the more 78 we are by the wealth of essential substances they 79 ," Van Horn continues, "and how they 80 with each other to keep us healthy."You'll automatically be 81 the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make 82 three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. 83 in the restaurant one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs.The foods you choose to eat as well as those you choose to 84 clearly contribute to your well-being. Without a 85 , each of the small decisions you make in this realm can make a big 86 on your health in the years to come.67. A between B through C inside D to 68. A serious B splendid C specific D separate 69. A key B point C lead D center 70. A strict B different C typical D natural71. A rescue B prevent C forbid D offend 72. A in B upon C for D by73. A turn B put C focus D carry 74. A over B along C with D beyond75. A other B better C rather D sooner 76. A conveyed B consumed C entered D exhausted 77. A vital B initial C valid D radical 78. A disturbed B depressed C amazed D amused 79. A retain B contain C attain D maintain 80. A interfere B interact C reckon D rest81. A at B of C on D within 82. A out B into C off D up83. A Engage B Fill C Insert D Pack 84. A delete B hinder C avoid D spoil85. A notion B hesitation C reason D doubt 86. A outcome B function C impact D commitment Part VI Translation (5 minutes87.The university authorities did not approve the regulation,____________________________________ (也没有解释为什么.88. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she__________________________ __________________ (能被分配做另一项工作.89.John rescued the drowning child _____________________________________ (冒着自己生命危险.90.George called his boss from the airport but it_______________________________________ (接电话的却是他的助手.91.Although he was interested in philosophy, _______________________________ (他的父亲说服他 majoring in law.答案:Part I Writing 省略Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning1. B. Its bad taste2. A. an inadequate supply of production3. B. Its people cared more for quantity4. C. all kinds of overseas visitors5. C. New ideas and presentations6. D. maintain British traditional tastes7. B. They are produced on excellent organic farms 8. the local markets9. in a British way 10. share their mealsPart III Listening Comprehension Section A 8 Short Conversations11. A.He is careless about his appearance. 12. A.Jane maybe caught in a traffic jam.13. A.Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championship. 14. D.He has been having a hard time.15. DThe woman thinks highly of the speaker 16. C.The woman should seek help from tutoring services.。

4．5 经典解析一、选择题1．在数据库管理技术的发展过程中，经历了人工管理阶段、文件系统阶段和数据库系统阶段。

在这几个阶段中，数据独立性最高的是( )。

A)数据库系统 B)文件系统C)人工管理 D)数据项管理For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use【命题目的】考查数据库技术发展的几个阶段及各个阶段的特点。

【解题要点】数据库系统的3级体系结构中提供了子模式／模式和模式／内模式两级映射，保证了数据独立性的实现。

【错解分析】在人工管理阶段，数据无法共享，冗余度大，不独立，完全依赖于程序。

在文件系统阶段，数据共享性差，冗余度大，独立性也较差。

所以B)选项和C)选项均是错误的。

【考点链接】数据管理3个阶段各自的特点。

答案：A)2．数据库系统的核心是( )。

A)数据库 B)数据库管理系统C)数据模型 D)软件工具【命题目的】考查数据库系统的组成。

【解题要点】数据库系统由数据库(数据)、数据库管理系统(及其开发工具)、应用系统、数据库管理员、系统平台之一——硬件平台(硬件)、系统平台之二——软件平台(软件)五部分构成。

数据库管理系统(DataBase Management System，DBMS)是数据库的机构，它是一种系统软件，负责数据库中的数据组织、数据操作、数据维护、控制及保护和数据服务等。

【错解分析】数据库(DataBase，DB)是长期储存在计算机内、有组织的、可共享的大量数据集合。

数据库不是数据库系统的核心。

在数据库中用数据模型这个工具来抽象、表示和处理现实世界中的数据和信息。

通俗地讲数据模型就是现实世界的反映。

软件工具分为软件开发工具、软件维护工具、软件管理与软件支持工具。

这些工具用来辅助软件开发、运行、维护、管理、支持等过程中的活动。

【考点链接】数据、数据库、数据库管理系统的概念。

答案：B)3．数据库系统依靠( )支持数据的独立性。