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三相电机维护手册MaintenanceManual_e

三相电机维护手册MaintenanceManual_e
三相电机维护手册MaintenanceManual_e

THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS

MAINTENANCE MANUAL

Thank you very much for your kind patronage.

Well designed and manufactured, Tatung 3-phase induction motors function excellently and have the longest service life expectance. To provide you , our customers , with necessary technical know-how in examination, operation and maintenance of Tatung motors, we have prepared these instructions. In addition, your attention is also invited to the stipulations on the nameplate of the motor or in other concerned pamphlets. These instructions only apply to high-and low-voltage squirrel-cage motors of both drip-proof type and totally enclosed fan cooling type, no matter whether they are foot-mounted or flange-mounted. As to motors of special constructions or for special purposes, please refer to their respective attached booklets for information.Check on receipt Installation

2.1 Installation environment

2.2 Foundation and installation Means of coupling

3.1 Centering

3.2 Belt transmission Running

4.1 Check before starting

4.2 Starting Maintenance

5.1 Knock-down examination

5.2 Recording Bearing maintenance

6.1 Tip for maintenance

6.2 Construction, classification and application of bearings

6.3 Starting the motors for running after stopping running for more than 2 months

6.4 Grease Supply

6.5 Removal of grease

6.6 Problems of poor lubrication

6.7 Bearing diagnosis

6.8 Makers or brands for grease

6.9 Tips for assembling and disassembling

6.10 Sealed ball bearing Vibration Noise

8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1.

1.Check on receipt

Please check the following items on receipt.

Read carefully the testing records.

Check and see whether the motors are damaged or dirtied;and make

sure there is no part or accessory missing and no foreign body in the

motors.

Run the motor and make sure the direction of rotation agrees with that

indicated, if there is such an indication . The direction is always indicated

by an arrow plate attached on the motor.

Read carefully the ratings on the main nameplate and other plates or

attached pamphlets.

Rotate the shaft manually and make sure it rotates normally. (To prevent

against axial movement of rotors and damages to roller bearings, the

shafts of motors of 2 poles and motors with roller bearings are locked

during transport. Please unlock them before rotating .)

If there are some special requirements, such as, certain particular color,

paint, and accessories, please check to see whether they are satisfied.

In case there is any problem or discrepancy found , please contact Tatung

Company or its service station nearest to you , and give us the following

in-formation: The type, poles,output capacity, voltage and frequency shown on the nameplate; also the test number and manufacture number (they are either marked on nameplate or on the

endface of shaft).

If you are a machine manufacturer , Please pay your attention to the following :In case the rotors of Tatung motors you received have been locked for

above-stated purpose, you are required to lock the rotors again, either by the

F.E.D.C.B.A.

means described above or by the means shown below:

2.Installation

2.1 Installation environment

Since well selected environment contributes very much to proper

functioning of motors , you , therefore , must give your careful

consideration to this matter when you prepare your purchase

specifications . However , to insure operational safety , the following

items are listed for your information :

Environment temperature

For standard motors , environment temperature normally has to be

within the range from -15℃ to 40℃.

In case the environment temperature is too high , or excessive heat

is inflected on the motor , protective measures , such as cooling

measures or heat-insulating measures , should be taken ; or the load

which makes the motor over-heated reduced .

On the contrary , if the environment temperature is too low , heating

measures will also be necessary .

In case the motor is operated in the environment where the

temperature falls out of the range as stated above , either too low or

too high , design-wise re-consideration over the insulation , lead wire ,

lubrication , bearings fittings , steel parts and weldings of the motor is

deemed necessary .

Good ventilation

If the circulation of cooling air into the motor is broken or impeded ,

abnormal temperature rising will occur.

Please keep things at least 20cm off INTAKE AIR ports .

Poorly ventilated environment

If the motor is installed in poorly ventilated environment, improvement

steps have to be taken to guard the motor against being overheated .

If the motor is installed outdoor in moist or dripping environment, steps

have to be taken to guard the motor against being overheated .

Dust

In a very dusty environment , following problems may rise ; and periodical

dusting is recommended .

Open type

A large accumulation of dust on windings and ducts of the core

will result in over-heated windings . Moreover , dust and

moisture retained by it may cause an insulation breakdown . In

a.E.D.C.B.

b.a.A. d.

c.b.a.

case dust accumulated around rotors is not evenly distributed, ill

balance and , consequently , vibration may occur . If dust gets

into the bearings , they may become damaged .

Totally - enclosed type

A large accumulation of dust on fins of frame , their

heat-dispersing effect will be greatly reduced . In case the dust

accumulated on fan or transmission device is not evenly

distributed , ill balance and , consequently , vibration may occur .

Damaging gases and steam

In case damaging gases , such as corrosive gases , inflammable gases

and other chemical gases , or steam exist in the environment , motors of

explosion - proof type or anti-corrosion treated motors should be chosen ;

otherwise , protective or safety measures should be taken . Particular

attention should be placed on motor selection , when inflammable gases

or dust , or steam , which are all in CNS and standards of other countries

to make sure the explosion-proof motors you selected are constructionally

satisfactory .

Accessible site

Sites for installing motors should be accessible, i.e., in an open space so

that motors will be carried to the sites and installed there conveniently .

Moreover , the performance of jobs such as inspection , cleaning and

maintenance (especially greasing ) will not be handicapped .

Foundation invulnerable to vibration

Motors should be installed on a solid and hard foundation or floor

invulnerable to vibration from the environment .

Severe vibration from the environment may inflict on motors installed

there in the following damages:

Depressions on roller bearings may occur during the periods

when the motors are not running .

Windings may break.

The insulation of windings and their connecting wires may be

damaged .

The ground or foundation on which motors are installed must be hard and stable ; otherwise , the amplitude of vibration may become augmented

continuously , especially when coupled with machines of high vibratility ,

such as crusher and reciprocating compressor .

Vibration of large amplitude while the motor is running may bring about

the following failures:

The insulating on the windings may be damaged .

a.I.H.

b.a. 3.2.1.G.F. b.

The service life of bearings may become very short.

Parts may get loose or become displaced .

Cooling fan or other parts on rotor may fail due to fatigue .

Power supply

The supplied voltage should be stable , and the voltage drop should

be kept to the minimum under loaded condition .

When the motor has to be powered by different voltage and

frequency other than its rated ones , please refer to 4.2C and 5.2C

for information . if it is not absolutely necessary, please do not do

that , for motors may become over-heated and its performance may

become undesirable .

Altitude of installation site

In case the sites are more than 1,000 meters above sea level , the

temperature of the motors operated there will be 5 to 10℃ higher .

2.2 Foundation and installation

Foundation laying procedures will not be discussed here . As to

installation of motors , your attention is invited to the following

descriptions :

The base of motors should be buried into concrete or grout of

the foundation to enable the motors to run stably . Do not bend

or twist the base . Packers should be placed under the foot of

motors (weight-bearing parts) and bearing stands . It is also

necessary to place packers at both sides of base fastening bolts .All

the packers should be spaced 300 to 500mm from each other so

that they may share the weight on them evenly . It is better to

use shrinkage-resist mortar and grout . The base fastening bolts

could not be fastened until the mortar around them becomes

completely hardened . Then considerable amount of grout

should placed beneath the base so as to augment the stiffness

of the foundation .

Foundation and base for 2-pole motors

Since the synchronous speed of 2-pole motors reaches as

B. a.A.K.J. b.a.d.c.b.

high as 3,000 or 3,600rpm , if their foundation is not well

designed and constructed , resonance may be resulted in .

Be very careful , please .

Natural frequency and resonance

National frequencies of 2-pole motors are listed below : 

FIRST SECOND In 50Hz area

3,000cpm 6,000cpm In 60Hz area 3,600cpm 7,200cpm

If the natural frequency of any other object in the

installation equals or approximates any one of the values

listed above , resonance will be resulted in .

If natural frequency (fn) is considered in one free degree ,

it may be expressed as :

fn=1/2π×{(g×K)/W }^ (1/2)

where g=gravity acceleration

W=weight of coupling machine

K=elastic coefficient of the system

The values of W and K should be carefully chosen that the

value of fn will not equal or approximate any values listed

above . If resonance is noted or suspected when the motor

is running , please measure the natural frequency and

change it (see 7 for details ).

Please check the following items upon completion of foundation

and installation of motor base :

Check and make sure that the foundation has the stiffness

stated in 2.1H and 2.1I .

Make sure the foundation possesses the stiffness required

to keep the result vibration of the motor and its coupled

machine to the minimum .

Check and make sure the construction is strong enough that

sinking or distortion of the ground and foundation will not

happen .

Check and make sure the concrete constructions have

completed shrinkage or deformation .

Make sure the foundation and base have been leveled .Coupled

machines should be leveled to each other ; the allowance of

that should be kept under 0.2mm/IM .

C. e.d.c.b.a.b.

Make sure there are spaces for base bolts , cable wire , f.

thermometers , space heaters and distribution pipes for conductors ; and find out where they are .

3.Means of coupling

3.1 Centering

When the motor is directly coupled to driven machine particular

attention should be paid to centering . First of all , check the bottom

plane of the foot of motor with a level to make sure they are all at the

same level . Secondly , fasten the foot to the base with bolts for trial

installation . Thirdly , set the

dial indicator on the lateral

coupling device and rotate the

shaft of motor gently to obtain

precise dimension of A shown

in figure 6 . Fourthly , check the

inclination between the shaft of

motor and that of the coupled

machine by inserting the

thickness gauge into gap X

shown in figures 6 and make adjustment , by inserting liners , when

necessary to make every B around the disc of coupling device a

minimum value possible .

 

The allowance of A, B and X are listed below :

 Rigid Coupling

Device

Flexible Coupling Device

A0.03mm0.05mm B0.03mm0.04mm

X0The value designated by manufacturers

However , gear coupling or specially designed flexible coupling

devices may have greater allowances than those listed above .

Please contact the respective manufacturers for information .

3.2 Belt Transmission

Since V-belts are adopted as transmission means for motors of

medium capacities , we take these belts as an example for our

following discussion .

- The ratio of diameters of belt pulleys between motor and its

coupled machine is 8 : 1 .

- The speed of V-belt must be kept under 22 to 23 m/sec . If the belt runs at a speed over 25m/sec., its slip and vibration will be

increased and the belt itself will worn out much faster .

- In case the outer diameter of the pulley is too small , the bending

force on the shaft will be increased in inverse ratio . If this force goes

beyond the fatigue limit , a broken shaft is impending . in case a wide

pulley of small diameter has to be adopted for belt transmission ,

please consult Tatung sales- engineers when motors are ordered .

- As to belt transmission , the following procedures will apply .

To insure uniform quality , it is ideal to obtain the belts , for one

transmission device , from the same manufacture or the dimension

allowance between the belts be kept within 0.2%. Please remember that

when belts are selected. In case some of the belts on the same

transmission device are damaged or worn out , please replace all the

belts there on with new ones , not the damaged or worn ones only . Next ,

attention should be paid to pulley alignment , i.e. the shaft of motor

should be kept parallel with that of its coupled machine; or the shafts be

at right angle with belts or belt-pulleys.

Proper initial tension on the belts

If the tension is too large , a

damaged , even a broken shaft

may be resulted in . On the contrary, if the tension is too small . slip of the belts will occur ,

desirable power transmission could

not be achieved , and the belts and

pulleys will become worn out more

quickly.

The initial tension of the belts can

be found out easily by means described below : At the middle point

between the shafts of the two belt pulleys , as shown in figure 7 , a

weight P is hung on the belt to obtain h1 and h2 . The values h1 and

h2 are the differences between the deflections before and after the

weight is hung . The approximate values of .

e=2×L/(h1+h2) are shown in the following table .Shape of

V-belt

P (kg)e Transmission condition Speed of belts Output C

53516m/s 30Kw D

103525m/s 150Kw E 104525m/s 150Kw

You may adjust the adjusting bolts of the base to obtain the tension .

the values of e are correlated with the speeds of belts and values of

output, and adjustments of the values are necessary .

Another simpler way of measuring the tension is to measure the

elongation of the belt; i.e. when the belt is elongated 0.5%, it is

considered to have been mounted with proper initial tension . After

the motor has run for ten hours, tension of the belt should be

B.A.

checked once again . After the motor has run for one month , the

belt may become permanently elongated , and re-adjustment should

be made then .

Replacement of V-belts

When the V-belt is deteriorated it must be replaced; other-wise ,

desired transmission can not be obtained . Moreover, because of the

diminution of friction coefficient , the deflection strength of the shafts

will increase relatively . That will adversely affect the bearings .

Generally speaking, when the permanent elongation of the belts

reaches 1.5 - 2.5% , it should be replaced .

Special belts

Presently , nylon and steel wire belts are marketed in large quantities .

In case these belts of high initial tension are to be adopted , high

anti- flexion strength for motor shafts will be required . Please inform

Tatung when order is placed .

D.C.

4.Running

4.1 Check before starting

Attention should be paid to the following descriptions before starting .

Distribution line

Please check , against the power distribution diagram , the

power supply , magnetic switch and other protective device ,

Star-Delta Starter , reactor , compensator , lead wires for

space heater and thermometers , and the distribution line of

other driven machines .

Insulation Resistance

Make sure the wire connections are well fastened or welded ,

their insulation is in good condition , and the terminals are

properly spaced from each other .

Grounding

Check and make sure the frame or terminal box of the motor is

grounded .

Insulation Resistance

To test the stator and rotor windings by their terminal

connectors .

Testing device of 500V be used to test stator windings

below 3KV. Stator windings above 3KV be tested by 1000V

device . All rotor windings by 500V device .

Insulation resistance varies with rates output . and voltage .

insulation classification and rpm of the motor . However , it

also varies with the temperature , moisture , dust ridden

condition , service period , testing voltage and testing

period. Owing to the foregoing insulation resistance (R) can

not be measured . However , the following rule will apply .

3M ohm for rated voltage above 600V.

1M ohm for rated voltage below 600V.

or , formulae from JEC - 146 may apply ;

R ≧(rated voltage) /rated output(KW)+1000(M ohm)

R ≧{(rated voltage + rpm/3) / rated output (KW) +2000}

+ 0.5 (M ohm)

In case insulation resistance becomes low , the winding s must

be dried by hot air , by vacuum , or by electrical current (short

d.D.C.B. c.b.a.A.

circuit , low voltage when unloaded , and DC current ) as the

situation dictates . In case resistance can not be brought up to

desired level after drying , some defects may exist . Please

locate and repair the defects . In case , the job can not be done ,

please contact Tatung company or its service station nearest to

you .

Lubrication

Motors are well greased during assembly . However . it may be a

very long time from the completion of assembly in our plant to the

beginning of running in your factory ; it is necessary to make some

replenishment . Tatung motors are greased with SHELL ALVANIA

R3, when replenishment is made , please use the same or

comparable products . For motors of special types , the specification

and quantity of grease to be used are stipulated on respective

nameplates.

Check and make sure the coupled machine is in good condition . Coupling

condition , tension of the belts and fastening devices should also be

checked.

Rotors of 2-pole motors or motors with roller bearings have often been

locked during shipment , please make sure it can be rotated freely .

Check and make sure there is no foreign body left in or get into the motor

or its coupling machine during assembly or shipment .

4.2 Starting

Starting load

As a general rule , motors are started without load for test running .

Only after being proved normal it can be coupled with driven machine

for further test . Motors are usually started with light load and

switched to full load after full seed is reached , except otherwise

required .

Direction of rotation-when viewing from non-drive end clockwise rotation is

considered correct . After the terminal connectors U.V. and W (or 1,2 and

3) being connected to the connector R,S and T from power supply , the

motor rotates counter-clockwisely , interchange any 2 of the 3 connecting

leads . Most motors can rotate both way . However , 2- or 4-pole motors

with high rpm or 6-pole motors with large capacities , their direction of

rotation has to be limited to either clockwise or counter-clockwise . In this

case , a plate bearing an arrow to show the direction of rotation will be

attached to the motor.

Supplied voltage and current

make sure supplied voltage agrees with or within ±10% of that

shown on the nameplate . If the difference between rated

voltage of the motor and supplied voltage , the windings may

a.C.B.A.H.G.F.E.

become overheated .

Make sure supplied 3-phase voltages is in balanced condition

among phases. A little bit difference among them , unbalanced

currents of considerable values may be resulted in .

Make sure phase currents are balanced , otherwise windings will

be exceedingly overheated and torque can not be provided.

Sometimes , abnormal noise and severe vibration may be

accompanied .

Frequency

The maximum variation between rated and supplied frequencies

should be within 5% under the rated voltage . If both voltage and

frequency varies at the same time , the SUM of their absolute value

should be within 10% .

Starting

In case the first starting is a failure , restarting can be made .

However , as a principle , only two successive cold starting can be

made at a time . If both efforts are failed , a 30 minutes interval

should be allowed for primary and secondary conductors to get cold ,

which have been heated by starting current during these failed

startings .

Starting time and noise

In case GD^2 of coupling machine is large , a longer starting time

may required . However , if it is difficult to start or starting time is

excessively long , and sever noise is noted during start , please

contact Tatung or our nearby service activity .

Vibration

Determine the value of vibration with vibration meter or by feeling

and compare that obtained with the data shown in Section 7 -

Vibration . After this is completed, let the motor run alone. Then , run

without load and then , run with full load . If nothing wrong during

start , keep the motor running for 3 hours and take down the records

every 15 minutes as stipulated below (5.2). In case nothing abnormal

has been found , the motor will be kept on running and checks made

every few hours. Still, there is nothing abnormal , the motor is

considered serviceable and may be put into service .

G.F.E.D. c.b.

5.Maintenance

5.1 Knock-down examination

For motors running continuously day and night , a knock-down

examination should be made every 2 or 3 years. However , for

motors designed for special purposes , knock-down examinations

should be made in certain time periods prescribed respectively .

5.2 Records

Every day records

At what time (year, month, day and hour) and in what

weather the test is conducted .

Voltage. load current . frequency (see 5.2C).

Ambient temperature (room temperature).

Temperature and noise around bearings.

Temperatures in stator windings and on frame surface

(totally enclosed type). See 5.2C.

Abnormal vibrations and noise (see sections 7 and 8).

Records of periodical test and inspection

Insulation resistance and the relative humidity (see

4.1D).

Amplitude of vibration (see 5.2C and section 7).

The color and contents of grease discharged from

bearings.

Dirt lodged in and on the motor.

Coupling allowance of coupling device; the tension of

belts.

Fastening bolts for base . foot and other parts.

In case of oil lubrication , surface condition and

clearness of the oil should be recorded. At the same

time , check and make sure there is no leakage.

Some of the values obtained by above-listed tests and

inspections are variable; their variable ranges given below :

The variation of voltage must be within ±10% of rated

voltage. The variation of frequency must be within ±5%

a.C.g.f.e.d.c.

b.a.B. f.e.d.

c.b.a.A.

of rated value . when rated voltage is applied. when

voltage and frequency varies at the same time , the

result of absolute values of the two variations must be

within ±10%.

Temperature rise (maximum ambient temperature of

40℃) by TM and RM are listed below :

TM : THERMOMETER METHOD

RM : RESISTANCE METHOD Part

Insulation A Class E Class B Class F Class H Class Type TM RM TM RM TM RM TM RM TM RM Stator

Windings

Types other than TEFC 50606575708085100105125TEFC 55607075758090100110125Rotor

Windings Types other than TEFC

50606575708085100105125TEFC 55607075758090100110125

Bearing

40℃ when test is made at the outer surfaces.

45℃ when test is made by inserted thermometer.

However , when hot resist grease is used for

lubrication , the temperature rise can reach as high

as 55℃.Vibration (see Section 7 for detailed information)

Bearings : When their service life is compared with

that of windings , the allowable values , when

motors are running with load are listed below :

25 - 30μ for 2-pole motors

50 - 60μ for 4-pole motors

70 - 80μ 6-and -more-pole motors

In case the vibration measured exceeds the above

listed values , please check and find out the trouble ,

and corrective measures be adopted soonest .

5.3 In case periodical maintenance is necessary , it should be done in

accordance with the table attached at the end of this pamphlet .

c.b.

6.Maintenance of Bearings

If not particularly prescribed , rolling bearings lubricated with grease are usually adopted for motors. Except close-type ball bearings , all other bearings are of open

type so as to prevent from being over-greased by facilitating the injection and discharge of grease. Tips of maintenance are listed and explained below :

6.1 Tips for maintenance

6.2 Specifications , applications and constructions of ball and roller bearings

6.3 After stopping running for a long period (more than 2 months)

6.4 Grease supply

6.5 Removal of grease

6.6 Problems of poor lubrication

6.7 Bearing Diagnosis

6.8 Makers or brands of grease

6.9 Tips for assembling and disassembling

6.10 Sealed ball bearing 6.1 Tips for maintenance

Additional supply of grease should be given to the newly procured motors

before they are started running , or to the motors have stopped running

for more than 2 months before they are re-started for running.

After motors having started running . additional grease should be supplied

at intervals and according to the quantities shown on nameplate.The discharged grease should be removed timely .

6.2 Specifications , applications and constructions of ball and roller bearings .

The information is given in the following table , except that for specially

designed motors :Application

Non-drive end Drive end Foot-mounted and

belt coupled motors

Single shaft Deep grooved ball bearing 63 □ □ CM Roller bearing NU3 □ □ CM Foot-mounted motors

coupled by coupling

devices Deep grooved ball bearing 63 □ □ CM Deep grooved ball bearing 6.3 □ □ CM

C.B.A.

Vertical mounted

motors coupled by

coupling devices Without or with

light thrust

Deep grooved ball bearing

63 □

□ CM Roller bearing NU3 □ □ CM Small thrust

Deep grooved ball bearing 73 □ □ □Roller bearing NU3 □ □ CM Medium thrust Multiple-row bevel ball bearing 73 □ □ □

Roller bearing NU3 □ □ CM 1 Grease nipple 8 Rolling bearing 2

Grease injection pipe 9 Shaft 3

Outer bearing-cap 10 Grease exit cover 4

Lock washer 11 Cover set-screw 5

Lock nut 12 Bolt 6

Bearing bracket 13 Bearing housing

7 Inner bearing-cap 6.3 After stopping running for a long period (more than 2 months) :

Make sure checks described in item 1 and 4 have been completed .

After beginning running , grease should be injected at once . The quantity

to be injected is shown on nameplate .

Temperature rise around bearings after beginning running .

Loudness and tone of bearing noise .

Noise and vibration of the motor .

E.D.C.B.A.

F.

Vibration of the bearing .

6.4 Grease supply

Grease supply is considered the most important thing in bearing

maintenance . The primary purpose of grease supply :

- To keep the sliding surface lubricated .

- To maintain a grease film between rolling surfaces so as to facilitate

load-carrying and resist wear . No noise will be heard if grease film

is not broken and sliding surfaces properly lubricated .

- To wash out the deteriorated grease and particles from worn part .

- The existence of grease will make the bearing corrosion proof .

dust-proof and minimize the vibration and noise .

Make sure grease is supplied according the quantities and time intervals

indicated on the nameplate .

For motors which have stopped running for more than 2 months , a

supply of grease should be given when they are started to run again .

When too much grease is supplied , bearings will become overheated and

maintain in this condition continuously ; when too little grease is supplied ,

grease may not be able to circulate to the inner part of bearings .

interval between grease supplies

If the motor runs 24 hours every day , the interval between supplies

is indicated on name plate . If the motor runs 12 hours one day and 8

or 3 hours the other day , it will be considered as running 12 hours

every day for deciding the interval of grease supply so as to insure

good lubrication .

Table A Quantity And Interval of Grease Supply Ball bearing Bearing No.First filling (1)(g)Consecutive supplies (2)(g)Interval between grease supplies for Motors runs 24 hours everyday (in days) (3)2-p 4-p 6-p 8-p 10-p 12-p

6310,62105030120180180180180180

6311,621110030120180180180180180

D.C.B.A.

电动机运行维护规程

电动机运行维护规程 1总则 本规程适用于厂区内交流电动机的运行维护 对特别重大或大容量的电动机应逐步开展状态监测,以便使检修工作更有针对性,确保安全运行。 2电动机的一般要求 2.1 电动机及其附属器械上应有铭牌,并按现场规程编号; 2.2 应根据不同场所选择不同形式的电动机 2.2.1 有爆炸危险场所应安装防爆电动机,其它形式电动机在采取措施(如正压防爆通风、密封发生火花部分等)后,方可安装在有爆炸危险的场所内。 2.2.2 在有腐蚀性的蒸汽及气体的地方或潮湿场所,应采用封闭式电动机或有吹风装置的封闭式有耐酸性绝缘的电动机。 2.2.3 在多尘的场所,应采用封闭式可吹灰的电动机。 2.3 每台电动机必须有单独的操作机构。用于操作机构的开关设备,应能接通起动电流,切断全部工作电流。

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2.5、机座、端盖、接线盒、风罩和挡风板等应完好,无损伤和严重变形磨损。否则应采用镶套、烧焊、电镀或更换等方法进行处理。 2.6、绝缘电阻不符合要求的受潮电动机,应采取吹灰、清擦、干燥等方法进行处理。 3、转子检修及检查标准 3.1、转子铁心应紧密平整,无过热、生锈、松动、变形和断齿等现象,槽楔应紧固完整,无空洞声。通风沟应畅通。转子撑铁和锁键无脱焊松动。 3.2、大轴无弯曲或裂纹,与铁心的配合良好,轴颈应完整无磨损、无毛刺。 3.3、转子风扇固定牢固,无松动裂纹,与轴的配合良好。平衡块无松动位移,顶丝锁紧可靠。 3.4、靠背轮无裂纹,内孔配合面与找正面光洁,轴孔键三者配合符合要求,对轮配合螺丝正确并可靠锁紧。 3.5、松动的转子部件,经处理或更新后,应作静平衡,必要时做动平衡试验。 4、轴承的检修及质量标准 4.1、轴承清洗后应无裂纹,表面无金属剥落、锈蚀、麻点和过热等现象,夹持器不应出现松动、变形、卡涩和严重磨损等现象,否则应予以更换。 4.2、轴承间隙合适,转动灵活,无明显晃动或过热现象,一般轴承的间隙应符合下表: 4.3、当轴承不符合上述要求时,或使用寿命到期、运行中有异音等,应更换新轴承,新轴承的型号与原轴承相同,精度及结构等应符合要求。 4.4、新装轴承必须用油或轴承加热器均匀加热,温度不宜超过100℃,装轴

两相步进电机产品手册

运动系统控制产品
使用手册
上海昀研自动化科技有限公司
二〇〇九年七月第三版

两相步进电机
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■ 20mmHB 系列两相步进电机
步 距 角(Step Angle) 步距精度(Step Accuracy) 温 升(Temperature Rise) 环境温度(Ambient Temperature Range) 绝缘等级(Insulation Class) 绝缘电阻(Insulation Resistance) 绝缘强度(Dielectric Strength) 径向跳动(radial runout) 轴向间隙(axial clearance) 1.8° ±5% 75℃ Max -20℃~+50℃ B 500VDC 100MΩ Min 500VAC 50Hz 1Ma Minute 0.02mmMax(450g 负载) 0.08mmMax(450g 负载)
技术参数(Specifications) 技术参数
型号 Model 步距角 机身长 额定电流 相电阻 相电感 保持转矩 转动惯量 重量 Weight (kg) 0.06 0.06 0.08 Step Angle Length Current Resistance Inductance Holding torque Rotor inertia O 2 () L(mm) (A/phase) (Ω/phase) (mH/phase) (N.m) (kg.cm ) 6.5 6.5 5.4 1.7 1.7 1.5 0.018 0.018 0.03 2 2 3

20HB30-064 1.8 30 0.6 20HB33-064 1.8 33 0.6 20HB42-084 1.8 42 0.8 以上仅为代表性产品,可按要求另行制作.
外形尺寸(Dimension) 外形尺寸(Dimension)
接线图(Connections) 接线图(Connections)
力矩测试数据(仅供参考) 力矩测试数据(仅供参考)
电机型号 测试条件 转速 转/分 20HB30-064 20HB33-064 20HB42-084 20HB30-064,20HB33-064,20HB42-084 驱动电压: DC28V 30 0.014N.m 0.014N.m 0.025N.m 60 0.014N.m 0.014N.m 0.027N.m 90 0.014N.m 0.014N.m 0.027N.m 驱动器设为 400 步/转 120 0.013N.m 0.013N.m 0.027N.m 180 0.0125N.m 0.0125N.m 0.027N.m 240 0.012N.m 0.012N.m 0.026N.m 300 0.013N.m 0.013N.m 0.025N.m 360 0.012N.m 0.012N.m 0.023N.m 400 0.010N.m 0.010N.m 0.020N.m 配套驱动器型号 YK2204MA
注意: ▲ 注意:
电机特性数据和技术数据都是在匹配我公司驱动器驱动的情况下测得,测试电压为 28VDC. 电机安装时务必用电机前端盖安装止口定位,并注意公差配合,严格保证电机轴与负载轴的同心度. 电机与驱动器连接时,请勿接错相.
1

步进电机的种类、结构及工作原理

步进电机的种类、结构及工作原理 步进式伺服驱动系统是典型的开环控制系统。在此系统中,执行元件是步进电机。它受驱动控制线路的控制,将代表进给脉冲的电平信号直接变换为具有一定方向、大小和速度的机械转角位移,并通过齿轮和丝杠带动工作台移动。由于该系统没有反馈检测环节,它的精度较差,速度也受到步进电机性能的限制。但它的结构和控制简单、容易调整,故在速度和精度要求不太高的场合具有一定的使用价值。 1.步进电机的种类 步进电机的分类方式很多,常见的分类方式有按产生力矩的原理、按输出力矩的大小以及按定子和转子的数量进行分类等。根据不同的分类方式,可将步进电机分为多种类型,如表5-1所示。 表5-1 步进电机的分类 2.步进电机的结构

目前,我国使用的步进电机多为反应式步进电机。在反应式步进电机中,有轴向分相和径向分相两种,如表5--1所述。 图5--2是一典型的单定子、径向分相、反应式伺服步进电机的结构原理图。它与普通电机一样,分为定子和转子两部分,其中定子又分为定子铁心和定子绕组。定子铁心由电工钢片叠压而成,其形状如图中所示。定子绕组是绕置在定子铁心6个均匀分布的齿上的线圈,在直径方向上相对的两个齿上的线圈串联在一起,构成一相控制绕组。图5--2所示的步进电机可构成三相控制绕组,故也称三相步进电机。若任一相绕组通电,便形成一组定子磁极,其方向即图中所示的NS极。在定子的每个磁极上,即定子铁心上的每个齿上又开了5个小齿,齿槽等宽,齿间夹角为9°,转子上没有绕组,只有均匀分布的40个小齿,齿槽也是等宽的,齿间夹角也是9°,与磁极上的小齿一致。此外,三相定子磁极上的小齿在空间位置上依次错开1/3齿距,如图5--3所示。当A相磁极上的小齿与转子上的小齿对齐时,B相磁极上的齿刚好超前(或滞后)转子齿1/3齿距角,C相磁极齿超前(或滞后)转子齿2/3齿距角。 图5-2 单定子径向分相反应式伺服步进电机结构原理图

DY3E系列三相混合式步进电机驱动器使用手册(EV1.3)

在本使用手册中,我们将尽力叙述各种与该驱动器操作相关的事项。限于篇幅限制及产品具体使用等原因,不可能对驱动器中所有不必做和/或不能做的操作进行详细的叙述。因此,本使用手册中没有特别指明的事项均视为“不可能”或“不允许”进行的操作。 本使用手册的版权,归广州数控设备有限公司所有,任何单位与个人进行出版或复印均属于非法行为,广州数控设备有限公司将保留追究其法律责任的权利。

公司简介 广州数控(GSK)——广州数控设备有限公司,目前中国数控系统产销量最大的企业,中国南方的数控产业基地,国家863《中档数控系统产业化支撑技术》重点项目承担企业,广东省20家重点装备制造企业之一。十几年来致力于专业研发、设计及制造机床数控系统(数控装置、驱动单元与伺服电机)等产品,推进数控机床普及化,开展数控机床贸易,现已发展成为一家集科、教、工、贸于一体的大型高新技术企业。公司现有员工1400多名,其中博士4名、硕士研究生50多名,工程技术人员500多名,其中高级职称50多名。GSK系列产品以高的性能价格比畅销全国,远销东南亚。2000年至2006年,市场占有率连续七年全国第一,产品产销量连续七年居国内同行业首位,为全国最大的机床数控系统生产基地。 公司主要产品有:GSK系列车床、铣床、加工中心数控系统,DA98、DA98A、DA98B、DA98D系列全数字式交流伺服驱动单元,DY3E系列混合式步进电机驱动器,DS3系列双轴混合式步进电机驱动器,DF3系列反应式步进电机驱动器,GSK SJT系列交流伺服电动机,CT-L数控滑台等数控设备与装置。产品全面贯彻现行的国家标准(国际标准)、行业标准以及作为完善补充的企业标准(或企业内控标准),广州数控设备有限公司拥有雄厚的技术开发力量及完善的生产及质量保障体系,以稳定可靠的产品质量满足广大用户的需求。公司健全完善的服务机制与在国内多个省市及国外设立的十几个服务办事处,可保证在24~48小时内提供快捷便利的技术支持和服务。“优异的产品、卓越的服务”成就了广州数控辉煌的今天,广数人以“打造百年企业、铸就金质品牌”作为企业的经营理念,为打造中国南方的数控产业基地、推动民族数控产业而不懈努力。

高压电动机检修工艺及标准

高压电机检修工艺 2008-10-18 下午 04:58 1、检修前的准备工作: 检修前应认真作好检修各项准备工作,仔细讨论检修计划和各项措施,明确检修任务和质量要求,安排好项目检修进度,准备好检修的材料、工具、备品以及检修场地,搬运道路、车辆等.

第一章、电动机维护检修规范 1、电动机完好标准 1.1零部件质量 1.1.1外壳完整,无明显缺陷,表面油漆色调一致,铭牌清晰。 1.1.2润滑油脂质量符合要求,油量适当,不漏油。 1.1.3电动机内部无积灰和油污,风道畅通。 1.1.4外壳防护能力或防爆性能良好,既符合电动机出厂标准,又符合周围环境的要求。1.1.5定转子绕组及铁芯无老化、变色和松动现象,槽楔、端部垫块及绑线齐全紧固。1.1.6定转子间的间隙符合要求。 1.1.7风扇叶片齐全,角度适合,固定牢固。 1.1.8外壳有良好而明显的接地(接零)线。 1.1.9各部件的螺栓、螺母齐全紧固,正规合适。 1.1.10埋入式温度计齐全,接线完整,测温表计指示正确。 1.1.1l起动装置好用,性能符合电动机要求。 1.1.12通风系统完整,防锈漆无脱落,风道不漏风,风过滤器、风冷却器性能良好,风机运行正常。 1.1.13励磁装置运行稳定可靠,直流电压、电流能满足电动机要求。 1.1.14操作盘油漆完好,部件齐全,接线正规,标示明显。 1.1.15保护、测量、信号、操作装置齐全,指示正确,动作灵活可靠。 1.1.16电动机基础完整无缺。 1.1.17 电源线路接线正确牢固,相序标志分明,电缆外皮有良好的接地(接零)线。 1.2运行状况 1.2.1在额定电压下运行,能达到铭牌数据要求,各部位温升不超过表1所列允许值。表1 电动机的最高允许温升(环境温度为40~C时) ℃ 绝缘等级A级绝缘E级绝缘B级绝缘F级绝缘H级绝缘 测量方法温度计法电阻法温度计法电阻法温度计法电阻法温度计法电阻法温度计法电阻法 与绕组接触的铁芯及其他部件60 —— 75 —— 80 —— 100 —— 125 —— 集电环或整流子60 —— 70 —— 80 —— 90 —— 100 —— 滑动轴承40 —— 40 —— 40 —— 40 —— 40 —— 滚动轴承55 —— 55 —— 55 —— 55 —— 55 —— 电动机绕组50 60 65 75 70 80 85 100 105 125 1.2.2电动机的振动值(两倍振幅值),一般应不大于表2的规定。对于Y系列电动机,空载振动、速度的有效值应不超过表3所列数据。 表2电动机的允许振动值 转速,r/min 3000 2000 1500 1000 750及以下 两倍振幅值,mm 0.06 0.085 0.10 0.13 0.16 表3 Y系列电动机空载振动、速度允许值 安装方式弹性刚性 轴中心高H,mm 56≤H≤132 132≤H≤225 225≤H≤400 400≤H≤630 转数n,r/min 600≤n≤1800 1800

三相六拍步进电机FX2NPLC控制

电气工程学院课程设计说明书 设计题目: 系别: 年级专业: 学号: 学生姓名:

指导教师: 电气工程学院《课程设计》任务书课程名称:电气控制与PLC课程设计 基层教学单位:电气工程及自动化系指导教师:

2、学生那份任务书要求装订到课程设计报告前面。 电气工程学院教务科 摘要 PLC是一种专门在工业环境下应用而设计的数字运算操作的电子装置。它采用可以编制程序的存储器,用来在其内部存储执行逻辑运算、顺序运算、计时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令,并能通过数字式或模拟式的输入和输出,控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。本设计是用PLC做三相六拍步进电机的控制核心,用按钮开关来实现对步进电机正、反转运行控制,而且正、反转切换无须经过停车步骤。其次可以通过对按钮的控制来实现对高、低速度的切换控制。 关键词:PLC控制三相六拍正反转运行高低速运行

目录 封皮 (1) 任务书 (2) 摘要 (3) 目录 (4) 第一章三相六拍步进电机的PLC控制及要求 (5) 1.1步进电机的工作原理 (5) 1.2三相六拍步进电机控制要求 (5) 1.3 步进电机的驱动 (6) 第二章参数选择 (7) 2.1 三相六拍步进电机的参数选择 (7) 2.2 PLC的选择 (7) 2.3 功率放大电路参数选择 (7) 第三章整体设计 (7)

3.1 PLC的I/O端口分配表 (7) 3.2 硬件接线图 (8) 3.3 程序流程图 (8) 3.4 状态转移图 (9) 3.5 步进梯形图 (10) 3.6 时序图 (12) 总结 (13) 参考文献 (14) 评审意见表 (15) 第一章三相六拍步进电机的PLC控制及要求 1.1步进电机的工作原理 电机的定子上有六个均布的磁极,其夹角是60o。各磁极上套有线圈,连成A、B、C三相绕组。转子上均布40个小齿。所以每个齿的齿距为θE=360o/40=9o,而定子每个磁极的极弧上也有5个小齿,且定子和转子的齿距和齿宽均相同。由于定子和转子的小齿数目分别是30和40,其比值是一分数,这就产生了所谓的齿错位的情况。若以A相磁极小齿和转子的小齿对齐,那么B相和C相磁极的齿就会分别和转子齿相错三分之一的齿距,即3o。因此,B、C极下的磁阻比A磁极下的磁阻大。若给B相通电,B相绕组产生定子磁场,其磁力线穿越B相磁极,并力图按磁阻最小的路径闭合,这就使转子受到反应转矩(磁阻转矩)的作用而转动,直到B磁极上的齿与转子齿对齐,恰好转子转过3o;此时A、C磁极下的齿又分别与转子齿错开三分之一齿距。接着停止对B相绕组通电,而改为C相绕组通电,同理受反应转矩的作用,

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