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William Shakespeare William Shakespeare (26 April 1564- 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright. He was widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. His surviving works, including some collaboration, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the famous works. Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. In the 20th century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world. （Sonnet1 和sonnet5的相关资料由张文瑞提供） Sonnet 1
Finaly Paper For English Literature CLASS: 0902 ID :09091028 Name:冯静 illianm Shakespeare,the greatest and the most famous of all W english author,has been regarded as one of the rare geniuses of mankind who have become landmarks in the history of world culture. Shakespear was born in Stratford-On-Awn,a charming little villiage in warwickshine.There is no record of his birth,but his baptism was recorded by the church,thus his birthday is assumed to be the 23 of April ,1564.Goethe once made a judgement on Shakespeare when he wrote，“I don?t remember that any book or person or event in my life ever made so great an impression upon me as the plays of Shakespeare.”However, we know little about the man shakespeare.The facts of shakespeare?s life come down from three source:church and legal records,flok traditiohns,and the comments of his contemporaries.These sourses make it possible today for us to collect some information to make a skethch of his life. Maybe three is the lucky number of Shakespeare.because his life also can be devided into there periods;The first 20 years in Stratford,which included his schooling,early marriage,and featherhood.at the age of seven william was sent to the grammars school which he picked up small latin and less Greek.this was the only chance for william to receive formal schooling.At the age of fourteen,his father felt into debt,so he has to drop from school.In 1582 Shakespear married Ann Hathway,and has three children. The next 25 years shakespear left his hometown for London .the reason why he moved here that comes from a legendary saying.Once,shakespeare had poached on the lands of a certain sir Thomas Lucy,a rich landlord,Then he was caught by the landlord?s keepers and severely punished.Shakespeare avenged himself by
威廉·莎士比亚经典语录 导读：经典语录威廉·莎士比亚经典语录 1、以不义开始的事情，必须用罪恶使它巩固。 2、生如痴人说梦，充满着喧哗与骚动，却没有任何意义。 3、即使被关在果壳之中，我仍是无限宇宙之王。 4、离开了阳光赫弈，像一场梦境幽凄，追随黑暗的踪迹。 5、不速之客只在告辞以后才最受欢迎。 6、和一个男人相处，多了解他而不必太爱他；和一个女人相处，应多爱她，别试图完全了解她。 7、人若神经紧张，说东道西，就会犹豫不定，反把事情耽误了。耽误的结果是叫人丧志乞怜，寸步难移。 8、时间会刺破青春表面的彩饰，会在美人的额上掘深沟浅槽；会吃掉稀世之珍！天生丽质，什么都逃不过他那横扫的镰刀。
9、可是我就好比一个淘气的女孩子，像放松一个囚犯似的让她心爱的鸟儿暂时跳出她的掌心，又用一根丝线把它拉了回来，爱的私心使她不愿意给它自由。 10、爱你自己要爱在最后，珍爱那些恨你的人，诚实比起腐败会给你赢得列多的好处。在你的右手里永远举着温顺的和平枝，免得嫉妒之徒说闲话。作人要公正，不要怕；你所要达到的一切目的应该是你的国家、上帝和真理所要达到的目的。 11、真实爱情的途径并不平坦。 12、在悲哀里度过的时间似乎是格外长的。 13、一个骄傲的人，结果总是在骄傲里毁灭了自己。 14、少量的邪恶足以抵销全部高贵的品质，害得人声名狼藉。 15、唉！一个人外表可以装得像天使，但却可能把自己掩藏在内心深处！ 16、我不喜欢看见微贱的人做他们力量所不及的事，忠诚因为努力的狂妄而变成毫无价值。
17、要和一个男人相处的快乐，你应该多多了解他而不必太爱他；要和一个女人相处的快乐，你应该多爱她，却别想要了解她！ 18、世间的任何事物，追求时候的兴致总要比享用时候的兴致浓烈。一艘新下水的船只扬帆出港的当儿，多么像一个娇养的少年，给那轻狂的风儿爱抚搂抱！可是等到它回来的时候，船身已遭风日的侵蚀，船帆也变成了百结的破衲，它又多么像一个落魄的浪子，给那轻狂的风儿肆意欺凌！ 19、质朴却比巧妙的言辞更能打动我的心。 20、我愿意把我整个的心灵，赔偿你这一个身外的空名。 21、外观往往和事物的本身完全不符，世人都容易为表面的装饰所欺骗。 22、当我们生下地来的时候，我们因为来到了这个全是些傻瓜的广大的舞台之上，所以禁不住放声大哭。 23、你说你喜欢雨，但是下雨的时候你打伞；你说你喜欢太阳，但是当太阳照射的时候你会去找阴凉处，你说你喜欢风，但是起风的
William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is an excellent playwright、poet and also a representative of humanism literature during the Renaissance, who is still remembered by all the world. Shakespeare was born in a relative rich family in central England on 2 April, 1564. His father is a successful businessman dealing with wool﹑grain and leather making. In his childhood, he studied in a Literature school, mainly teaching Latin, from where he mastered the basic skills of writing and some other literature knowledge. However, unfortunately, because of his father’s breaking down, he was forced to leave the uncompleted school and make a hard living by himself. At a certain time, he made himself as an apprentice of a butcher, working as a teacher in a village school and some other kinds of tough jobs, all of which largely increased his social experience and then laid a good foundation for his later creating. When he was twenty, he came into London, working successively as a groom﹑a handyman in a theatre. However, his light can not be hidden, though in these regarded menial jobs. His role in the theatre began to change little by little, actor, director, screenwriter, and finally an important shareholder of the theatre. His writing career was started around 1588. At first, he can only modify the plays written by other people, but after a period of time, he began to create independently. But at that time in London, the “dramatic world”was dominated by the people who has some relationship with Cambridge or Oxford. Not having the chance to enter the college in his early years, Shakespeare was ridiculed as a “vulgar civilian”. Though in this condition, he and his works won the popularity among the audiences, including the organizations of the college students, who has played some of his plays in college in their spare time, such as Hamlet and The Tragedy of Error. Mills once praised that “both Shakespeare’ comedies and tragedies are incomparable” in his The Wisdom of Treasure. What a pity, his works were not published until his death. During 1590～1612, Shakespeare created 37 dramas, 2 long poems and 154 sonnets. On one hand, most of his dramas were based on the existing historical materials﹑novels﹑folk legends and the old dramas, on the other hand, these works also caught up with the development of society closely, advocating the humanitarian thought and reflecting the social reality that feudalism was transitioning into the capitalism. Basing on the two points, Shakespeare created many vivid images and describe colorful pictures of social life in his works. Shakespeare’s creation of drama can be divided into three periods. In the first period（1590～1600）, Shakespeare mainly wrote historical plays and comedies, including 9 historical plays and 10 comedies. King John﹑Henry VI﹑Richard III﹑Henry IV﹑Henry V are all the famous historical ones, all of which revealed the unrest of English in more than 100 years. In these plays, he created many images of monarchs, including the positive ones and negative ones, from which we can know that Shakespeare opposed feudal separation, supported centralization, hoping the monarch could carry out the top-down reform and then achieve the ideal of establishing a harmonious society. The ten comedies—The Comedy of Errors﹑The Taming of the Shrew﹑The Two Gentlemen of Verona﹑love in vain﹑Midsummer night's dream﹑The merchant of Venice﹑The Merry Wives of Windsor﹑make trouble out of nothing﹑Everybody's happy and Twelfth night are mostly around the theme—love﹑friendship and marriage. Protagonists in these comedies are young people with the wisdom of humanism. By their pursing freedom and happiness, Shakespeare
Shakespeare 莎士比亚生平及成就 When I was a little child, I was attracted by literature. I like Hans Christian Andersen’s stories very much at that time. Later, I started to read Four Great Classical Novels and other foreign masterpieces. So, I met him someday. In western literary history, only very individual writers were qualified to be judged as “without him, the literary will become another way”. He is one of them, the greatest playwright and poet in the history. He is also a time spirit, and belongs to all but not belong to the century. Who is he? He is Shakespeare, the greatest man in my heart. Shakespeare was born in a wealthy family in Britain. He was studied in “literary school" when he was young. But because his father went bankrupt, he failed to graduate and had to go alone on the road to earn a living.He worked as a butcher's apprentice, taught in rural schools, and also worked in other occupations, which made him accumulate a lot of social experience. When he was 20 year old, he entered the theater and worked as an actor, director and screenwriter. He started to write in 1588, first is recomposing the previous script, but soon began to independent creation.Shakespeare entered the aristocratic culture salon later, which expanded his vision of life. It also provided a rich source for his creation. Generally, Shakespeare's drama creation can be divided into three periods:
英语名篇名段背诵精华07 Shakespeare Shakespeare is above all writers, at least above all modern writers, the poet of nature; the poet that holds up to his readers a faithful mirror of manners and of life. His characters are not modified by the customs of particular places, unpractised by the rest of the world; by the peculiarities of studies or professions, which can operate but upon small numbers; or by the accidents of transient fashions or temporary opinions: they are the genuine progeny of common humanity, such as the world will always supply, and observation will always find. His persons act and speak by the influnce of those general passions and principles by which all minds are agitated, and the whole system of life is continued in motion. In the writings of other poets a character is too often an individual; in those of Shakespeare it is commonly a species. Except from The Major Works by Sammuel Johnson 参考译文 莎士比亚的才华高于一切作家，至少高于当今的所有作家。他是一位自然的诗人，他的作品将人间百态真实地展现在读者眼前。他的人物塑造并不拘泥于只为一部分人所遵循的某个特定地区的习俗，也不局限于一小部分人所从事的特定的研究或职业，也不追随短暂的潮流或暂时的思想观点：他们据有人们一贯具备的、普遍的人性特点。就像世界能永不竭地供应，眼睛能永不停地发现。他笔下人物的一言一行都受那些能够触动所有人的大众化的情感和能使整个生命体系得以延续的普遍原则所影响。在其他诗人的作品中，一个人物往往就是一个个体，而莎翁笔下的人物通常代表着一类人。
William Shakespeare 莎士比亚 Of all the famous English writers,probably the bestknown is William Shakespe are. 在所有举世闻名的英文作家中，最著名的的也许要数莎士比亚了。 He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 on Aprilthe 23rd. 莎士比亚于1564年4月23日出生在埃文河畔的斯特拉特福德镇。 His father was an important man in town so Shakespeare had a good upbringi ng. 其父亲在该镇是个重要人物，所以他接受过良好的教育。 Shakespeare probably went to school(although no records survive to prove t his) but notuniversity. 莎士比亚很可能上过学，尽管没有记录能考证这点，但没有上过大学。 He got married when he was 18 to Anne Hathaway and the couple had 3 child ren. 他18岁时和安妮?海瑟薇结婚，婚后育有3个孩子。 Shakespeare wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets. 莎士比亚写了38部戏剧和154首十四行诗。 He began working in his home town of Stratford but by 1592 was writing in L ondon. 他在自己的家乡斯特拉特福德镇开始工作，但到1592年他去了伦敦开始写作。 He became rich enough to buy a housein the capital and one in Stratford. 他富裕起来后就在首都和斯特拉特福德买了房子。 He wrote sad stories called tragedies,like Romeo and Juliet,funny stories or co medies, romantic stories and stories about historical figures such as Julius Ca esar. 莎士比亚写的悲惨故事，被称为悲剧，如《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，他还写有趣的故事或喜剧，浪漫的故事以及有关历史人物的历史剧，如《尤里乌斯·恺撒》。 Shakespeare died on his birthday in 1616,almost 400 years ago. 莎士比亚死于400年前，也就是1616年他生日那天。 But why is his work still popular today? 但为何他的作品如今仍受欢迎呢？ His work looked at common human themes,such as betrayal, murder, lust, p ower, ambition and love. 莎翁的作品着眼于大众主题，诸如背叛，谋杀，性欲，权力，野心以及爱情。
英国戏剧家“威廉·莎士比亚”著名传记等 原文抄录 1.生存还是毁灭 生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得的结局。死了；睡着了；睡着了也许还会做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿：因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故；谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生？谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国，是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。 ——威廉·莎士比亚《哈莫雷特》 2.君与臣 真正的希望如飞翔的燕子那样快；有了希望，君王可以成神明，平民可以成君王。——威廉·莎士比亚《理查三世》 3.书的作用 读书可以帮助你忘记你的悲哀。——威廉·莎士比亚《泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯》 4.爱情 爱的力量是和平，从不顾理性、成规和荣辱，它能使一切恐惧、震惊和痛苦在身受对化作甜蜜。——威廉·莎士比亚《情女怨》 5.嫉妒 您要留心嫉妒啊；那是一个绿眼的妖魔，谁做了它的牺牲，就要受它的玩弄。——威廉·莎士比亚《奥赛罗》 6.知识的力量 知识就是我们借以飞上天堂的羽翼。——威廉·莎士比亚《亨利六世第二部》 7.人与神 人是多么了不起的一件作品！理性是多么高贵，力量是多么无穷！仪表和举止是多么端正、多么出色，论行动，多么像天使！论了解，多么像天神！宇宙的精华，万物的灵长！——威廉·莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》 8.临终 一个人的临死遗言，就像深沉的音乐一般，有一种自然吸引注意的力量；到了奄奄一息的时候，他的话决不会白费，因为真理往往是在痛苦呻吟中说出来的。一个从此以后不再说话的人，他的意见总是比那些少年浮华之徒的甘言巧辩能被
1.Shakespeare: The people may control their destiny, if we are under the control of others, that wrong not in destiny , but in us! （人们可支配自己的命运，若我们受制於人，那错不在命运，而在我们自己！） 2.The poor man must have hateful place （可怜人必有可恨之处） 3.Shakespeare：To be or not to be. That is a question. 4.The impressive on the outside but lacking substance woman, looks like Jin Huandai on the pig nose! （虚有其表的女人，就像金环戴在猪鼻上！） 5.Dizzy when must revolve, oneself are in deep sorrow the sadness, by others' sadness, can cure. （目眩时更要旋转，自己痛不欲生的悲伤，以别人的悲伤，就能够治愈。） 6.The woman woman, man's stage, you forever stand outside the aperture and the applause. （女人啊女人，男人的舞台，你们永远是站在光圈和掌声以外的。） 7.Tagore: “possible” to ask that “is impossible” you to live in any place, “is impossible” to reply, in tha t helpless dreamland! （泰戈尔：「可能」
William Shakespeare背景知识 I. Basic Info. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was born to John Shakespeare and mother Mary Arden some time in late April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. There is no record of his birth, but his baptism was recorded by the church, thus his birthday is assumed to be the 23 of April. His father was a prominent and prosperous alderman in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon, and was later granted a coat of arms by the College of Heralds. All that is known of Shakespeare's youth is that he presumably attended the Stratford Grammar School, and did not proceed to Oxford or Cambridge. The next record we have of him is his marriage to Anne Hathaway in 1582. The next year she bore a daughter for him, Susanna, followed by the twins Judith and Hamlet two years later. Seven years later Shakespeare was recognized as an actor, poet, and playwright, when a rival playwright, Robert Greene, referred to him as "an upstart crow" in "A Groatsworth of Wit." A few years later he joined up with one of the most successful acting troupes in London: "The Lord Chamberlain's Men." When, in 1599, the troupe lost the lease of the theatre where they performed (appropriately called "The Theatre"), they were wealthy enough to build their own theatre across the Thames, south of London, which they called "The Globe." The new theatre opened in July of 1599, built from the timbers of "The Theatre", with the motto "Touts minds gait histrionic" (A whole world of players). When James I came to the throne (1603) the troupe was designated by the new king as the "King's Men" (or "King's Company"). The Letters Patent of the company specifically charged Shakespeare and eight others "freely to use and exercise the art and faculty of playing Comedies, Tragedies, Histories, Interludes, Morals, Pastorals, stage plays ... as well for recreation of our loving subjects as for our solace and pleasure." Shakespeare entertained the King and the people for another ten years until June 19, 1613, when a canon fired from the roof of the theatre for a gala performance of
William Shakespeare The first period dates from 1590 ----1600. In this period he wrote most of his historical plays and comedies, and a few early tragedies, and these plays are imbued with an optimistic atmosphere of humanism. Among the best known of this period are Romeo and Juliet(1594) and the Merchant of Venice(1596). The second period, from 1601 ---- 1608, includes chiefly his great tragedies: Hamlet(1601), Othello(1604), King Lear(1605), Macbeth(1605) and Timon of Athens(1609). The outstanding tragi-comedy Measure for Measure(1604) also belong to this period. In the above-mentioned plays are reflected the social contradictions of the age. The third period dates from 1609----1612. In this period Shakespeare chiefly wrote three tragi-comedies, of which The Tempest(1612) is the most significant. In these last plays we see Shakespeare’s optimistic faith in the future of humanity, at the same time we also see the dramatist’s Utopianism. Shakespeare’s masterpiece s are as the following: Four tragedies: Hamlet, Prince of Denmark; Othello); King Lear; Macbeth） Four comedies: Twelfth night; A midsummer night's dream; The merchant of Venice; Much ado about nothing（人教版教材称As you like it） Historical plays: King Henry Ⅳ;The life of King Henry Ⅴ;The life and death of King Richard Ⅱ The Sonnets; Two long poems: The Rape of Lucrece鲁克丽丝失贞记Venus and Adonis 维纳斯和阿多尼斯 Ben Johnson’s comment on Shakespeare is ―He was not of an age, but for all time, 说他―不属于一个时代而属于千秋万代‖。 英国古典主义者德莱登(John Dryden，1631-1700) 认为―莎士比亚有一颗通天之心．能够了解一切人
关于莎士比亚之前的英国文学 (2011-10-11 12:21:39) 转载▼ 标签： 杂谈 英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵循自身规律，而在莎士比亚之前历经盎格鲁—撒克逊和文艺复兴两个阶段。而盎格鲁—撒克逊阶段，也可以说是中世纪文学阶段。 一，中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485） 英国最初的文学同其他国家最初的文学一样，不是书面的，而是口头的。故事与传说口头流传，并在讲述中不断得到加工、扩展，最后才有写本。比较著名的代表人物有：公元5世纪中叶，盎格鲁、撒克逊、朱特三个日耳曼部落开始从丹麦以及现在的荷兰一带地区迁入不列颠。盎格鲁—撒克逊时代给我们留下的古英语文学作品中，最重要的一部是《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf），它被认为是英国的民族史诗。《贝奥武甫》讲述主人公贝尔武甫斩妖除魔、与火龙搏斗的故事，具有神话传奇色彩。这部作品取材于日耳曼民间传说，随盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵传入今天的英国，现在我们所看到的诗是8世纪初由英格兰诗人写定的，当时，不列颠正处于从中世纪异教社会向以基督教文化为主导的新型社会过渡的时期。因此，《贝奥武甫》也反映了7、8世纪不列颠的生活风貌，呈现出新旧生活方式的混合，兼有氏族时期的英雄主义和封建时期的理想，体现了非基督教日耳曼文化和基督教文化两种不同的传统。 公元1066年，居住在法国北部的诺曼底人在威廉公爵率领下越过英吉利海峡，征服英格兰。诺曼底人占领英格兰后，封建等级制度得以加强和完备，法国文化占据主导地位，法语成为宫廷和上层贵族社会的语言。这一时期风行一时的文学形式是浪漫传奇，流传最广的是关于亚瑟王和圆桌骑士的故事。《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 1375-1400）以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题材，歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德，是中古英语传奇最精美的作品之一。传奇文学专门描写高贵的骑士所经历的冒险生活和浪漫爱情，是英国封建社会发展到成