2016 年英语专业四级真题及详解
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)
-GRADE FOUR-
TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN
PART Ⅰ DICTATION [10 MIN]
Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which
will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will
be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal
speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work
once more.
Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
【答案与解析】
Think Positive and Feel Positive
①Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? ②Do you react positively or negatively? ③The answer may
depend in part on whom you‘re around. ④A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases.
⑤For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates. ⑥They measured each roommate‘s tendency towards
negative thinking. ⑦It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious. ⑧Students with a negative thinking roommate
became more depressed themselves, ⑨and students with more positive thinking roommates ⑩were more likely to become
more positive as well.
【难点点评】
（1） 句①中，注意“insecure”的拼写，同时注意本句为一个一般疑问句，所以需以问号结尾。
（2） 句②也是一个一般疑问句，以问号结尾，注意“react”一词的听写。
（3） 句③中，“in part”表示“部分地，某种程度地”，注意不要遗漏介词“in”，同时注意“around”一词的听写，不要误听为“round”。
（4） 句④中，注意“contagious”一词的拼写，其意思为“感染性的；会蔓延的”。
（5） 从句④到句⑩，都是在介绍一项研究发现，注意，在描述观点时使用的是一般现在时，而在描述这项研究本身的情况时使用的是一般过去时。听写时尤其需要注意一般过去时态和一般现在时态的切换。
（6） 句⑥中，注意“roommate‘s”使用了所有格的形式。“tendency”表示“倾向，趋势；癖好”。
（7） 句⑧中，注意“depressed”一词的拼写。“depressed”在这里表示“沮丧的”。
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]
SECTION A TALK
In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER
SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both
grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work.
What Is Grit?
【答案与解析】
1. success
(录音一开始演讲者就提到，要讨论的主题是“my research project concerning the key to success”，即讲座围绕“成功的关键”展开，故该空填入 success。)
2. challenging settings
(录音中演讲者介绍到，自己在发现问题后决定研究孩子和成年人在各种具有挑战性的场景下的表现，因此本题填入 challenging settings。)
3. National Spelling Contest
(演讲者介绍了进行调查的三个地方，即“West Point Military Academy”“National Spelling Contest”和“private
companies”。因此本题答案为 National Spelling Contest。)
4. passion and
perseverance (演讲者通过调查得出结论，能够预测成功的品质是 grit，接着作者开始解释道“grit is passion and
perseverance for very long-term goals”因此可知，本题填入 passion and perseverance。)
5. future a reality
(演讲者提到，毅力就是年复一年“working really hard to make future a reality”，也就是说持之以恒，努力使自己对未来的展望成真。注意不要遗漏不定冠词 a。)
6. marathon
(录音中明确提到“Grit is living your life like it‘s a marathon, not a sprint”，即把生活当作一场马拉松，而不是短跑，因此填入 marathon。)
7. grittier
(演讲者在介绍自己几年前开展的关于“毅力”的调查时说道“It turned out that grittier kids were significantly more
likely to graduate”，由此可知，更有毅力的学生更容易毕业，故答案为 grittier。)
8. measures of talent
(关于如何增强毅力，演讲者首先分析了相关数据，并提到“根据数据，毅力与衡量才华的标准通常无关”，因此填入
measures of talent。)
9. not fixed/ changeable
(录音中提到“Growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort ”， 成长型思维模式认为学习的能力不是固定的，会随着你的努力改变，因此答案为 not fixed 或 changeable。)
10. a temporary condition
(关于增强毅力，录音最后还提到“Kids with grit are much more likely to persevere ... because they don‘t believe
that failure is a permanent condition.”有毅力的孩子不会把失败看成是一种长期不变的状态，也就是说他们把失败看成是暂时的，因此本题填入 a temporary condition。)
【录音原文】
What Is Grit?
Good afternoon, everyone. [1]Today, I would like to talk about my research project concerning the key to success. I
would like to start my topic with my own story.
When I was 27 years old, I left for a demanding job—teaching seventh graders math in the New York City public
schools. And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests. I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back, I
calculated grades.
What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students. Some of my
strongest performers did not have super IQ scores. Some of my smartest kids weren‘t doing so well. Then, I felt very
interested in knowing the reason why the students‘ math performance is not that closely related to their IQ scores. [2] I started
studying kids and adults in all kinds of challenging settings, and in every study my question was, who is successful here
and why. My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy. We tried to predict which students would stay in
military training and which would drop out. [3]We went to the National Spelling Contest and tried to predict which children
would advance furthest in competition. We worked with private companies, asking which of these salespeople is going to
keep their jobs, and who‘s going to earn the most money. We went to many places and finally, one characteristic emerged
as a significant predictor of success. And it wasn‘t social intelligence. It wasn‘t good looks, physical health, and it wasn‘t
IQ. It was grit.
What is grit? Well, [4]grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. [5]Grit is sticking with your future,
day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years, and working really hard to make future a reality.
[6]Grit is living your life like it‘s a marathon, not a sprint.
A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools. I asked thousands of high school juniors to take
grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate. [7]It turned out that grittier kids
were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like
family income, test scores, and so on.
To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows, about building it. Every day,
parents and teachers ask me, ―How do I build grit in kids? How do I keep them motivated for the long run?‖
Our data shows very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their
commitment. [8]In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated to measures of talent.
So far, the best idea I‘ve heard about building grit in kids is something called ―growth mindset‖. [9]Growth mindset
is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort. [10]Kids with grit are much more likely
to persevere when they fail, because they don‘t believe that failure is a permanent condition.
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And that‘s where I ‘m going to end my talk,
because that‘s where we are. That‘s the work that stands before us. We have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over
again with lessons learned.
As a conclusion, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier. Next time, I would like to share with you my
experience in building up students‘ grit.
SECTION B CONVERSATIONS
In this section, you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about
what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a
ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each
question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
You have thirty seconds to preview the questions.
Now, listen to the conversations.
