2016 年英语专业四级真题及详解
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)
-GRADE FOUR-
TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN
PART ⅠDICTATION [10 MIN]
Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more.
Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
【答案与解析】
Think Positive and Feel Positive
①Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? ②Do you react positively or negatively? ③The answer may depend in part on whom you‘re around. ④A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases.
⑤For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates. ⑥They measured each roommate‘s tendency towards negative thinking. ⑦It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious. ⑧Students with a negative thinking roommate became more depressed themselves, ⑨and students with more positive thinking roommates ⑩were more likely to become more positive as well.
【难点点评】
（1）句①中，注意“insecure”的拼写，同时注意本句为一个一般疑问句，所以需以问号结尾。
（2）句②也是一个一般疑问句，以问号结尾，注意“react”一词的听写。
（3）句③中，“in part”表示“部分地，某种程度地”，注意不要遗漏介词“in”，同时注意“around”一词的听写，不要误听为“round”。
（4）句④中，注意“contagious”一词的拼写，其意思为“感染性的；会蔓延的”。
（5）从句④到句⑩，都是在介绍一项研究发现，注意，在描述观点时使用的是一般现在时，而在描述这项研究本身的情况时使用的是一般过去时。
听写时尤其需要注意一般过去时态和一般现在时态的切换。
（6）句⑥中，注意“roommate‘s”使用了所有格的形式。
“tendency”表示“倾向，趋势；癖好”。
（7）句⑧中，注意“depressed”一词的拼写。
“depressed”在这里表示“沮丧的”。
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]
SECTION A TALK
In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work.
What Is Grit?
【答案与解析】
1.success
(录音一开始演讲者就提到，要讨论的主题是“my res earch project concerning the key to s ucce ss”，即讲座围绕“成功的关键”展开，故该空填入success。
)
2.challenging settings
(录音中演讲者介绍到，自己在发现问题后决定研究孩子和成年人在各种具有挑战性的场景下的表现，因此本题填入challenging settings。
)
3.National Spelling Contest
(演讲者介绍了进行调查的三个地方，即“Wes t P oint M ilitary A cademy”“N ational S pelling Conte s t”和“private companie s”。
因此本题答案为N ational S pelling Conte s t。
)
4.passion and
perseverance (演讲者通过调查得出结论，能够预测成功的品质是grit，接着作者开始解释道“grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals”因此可知，本题填入passion and perseverance。
)
5.future a reality
(演讲者提到，毅力就是年复一年“working really hard to make future a reality”，也就是说持之以恒，努力使自己对未来的展望成真。
注意不要遗漏不定冠词a。
)
6.marathon
(录音中明确提到“Grit is living your life like it‘s a marathon, not a sprint”，即把生活当作一场马拉松，而不是短跑，因此填入marathon。
)
7.grittier
(演讲者在介绍自己几年前开展的关于“毅力”的调查时说道“It turned out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate”，由此可知，更有毅力的学生更容易毕业，故答案为grittier。
)
8.measures of talent
(关于如何增强毅力，演讲者首先分析了相关数据，并提到“根据数据，毅力与衡量才华的标准通常无关”，因此填入measures of talent。
)
9.not fixed/ changeable
(录音中提到“Growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort ”，
成长型思维模式认为学习的能力不是固定的，会随着你的努力改变，因此答案为not fixed 或changeable。
)
10.a temporary condition
(关于增强毅力，录音最后还提到“Kids with grit are much more likely to persevere ... because they don‘t believe that failure is a permanent condition.”有毅力的孩子不会把失败看成是一种长期不变的状态，也就是说他们把失败看成是暂时的，因此本题填入 a temporary condition。
)
【录音原文】
What Is Grit?
Good afternoon, everyone. [1]Today, I would like to talk about my research project concerning the key to success. I would like to start my topic with my own story.
When I was 27 years old, I left for a demanding job—teaching seventh graders math in the New York City public schools. And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests. I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back, I calculated grades.
What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students. Some of my strongest performers did not have super IQ scores. Some of my smartest kids weren‘t doing so well. Then, I felt very interested in knowing the reason why the students‘ math performance is not that closely related to their IQ scores. [2] I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of challenging settings, and in every study my question was, who is successful here and why. My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy. We tried to predict which students would stay in military training and which would drop out. [3]We went to the National Spelling Contest and tried to predict which children would advance furthest in competition. We worked with private companies, asking which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs, and who‘s going to earn the most money. We went to many places and finally, one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. And it wasn‘t social intelligence. It wasn‘t good looks, physical health, and it wasn‘t IQ. It was grit.
What is grit? Well, [4]grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. [5]Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years, and working really hard to make future a reality.
[6]Grit is living your life like it‘s a marathon, not a sprint.
A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools. I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate. [7]It turned out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, test scores, and so o n.
To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows, about building it. Every day, parents and teachers ask me, ―How do I build grit in kids? How do I keep them motivated for the long run?‖Our data shows very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitment. [8]In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated to measures of talent.
So far, the best idea I‘ve heard about building grit in kids is something called ―growth mindset‖. [9]Grow th mi nds et is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort. [10]Kids with grit are much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don‘t believe that failure is a permanent condition.
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And that‘s where I ‘m going to end my talk, because that‘s where we are. That‘s the work that stands before us. We have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned.
As a conclusion, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier. Next time, I would like to share with you my experience in building up students‘ grit.
SECTION B CONVERSATIONS
In this section, you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
You have thirty seconds to preview the questions.
Now, listen to the conversations.
Conversation One
1.A. To tell the man that he has been short listed for interview.
B.To ask the man a few questions about his interview.
C.To explain to the man how to make a presentation.
D.To tell the man the procedure of the interview.
2.A. Questions related to the job.
B.General questions about himself.
C.Specific questions about his CV.
D.Questions about his future p lan.
3.A. Questions from the interviewers.
B.Questions from the interviewee.
C.Presentation from the interviewee.
D.Requests from the interviewee.
4.A. Educational and professional background.
B.Problems he has faced and solved.
C.Major successes in his career so far.
pany future and his contribution.
5.A. 11 a. m., next Tuesday.
B.11 a. m., next Thursday.
C.9 a. m., this Tuesday.
D.9 a. m., this Thursday.
【答案与解析】
1.D 考点：细节题。
录音中女士给男士打电话，首先提到男士已经入围面试名单，然后说道“I just want to talk you
through the procedure for the day”，因此女士打电话的目的是告知男士当天的面试流程，因此选D项。
2.A 考点：细节题。
录音中，女士提到，男士有机会问问题，问题主要是“about the job itself, or ABC Company in
general”，因此A项正确。
3.C 考点：细节题。
关于面试的流程，女士最后介绍了一点，即在男士提问环节后，“we‘d like you to give a short
pres entation”，也就是希望男士能够进行一个简短的展示，因此C 项正确。
4.D 考点：细节题。
关于展示的内容，女士提到是“how you see ABC as a company progressing, and how you see
your s elf taking us there”，即希望男士在展示中陈述他对A BC 公司发展的看法，和他可以为公司的发展做出的贡献，因此选D 项。
5.B 考点：细节题。
录音最后，女士说道“I‘ll see you at 11 a. m., Thursday next week.”因此面试时间为下周四
上午11 点。
因此选B 项。
【录音原文】
W: Hello, this is Kate Smith. I‘m calling from ABC Company.
M: Oh, hello, Kate. Great to hear from you.
W: You‘ve already been told that you‘ve been shortlisted for interview.
M: Oh, yes.
W: Well, we are very excited about meeting you. OK, [1]I just want to talk you through the procedure for the day.
Someone will meet you when you arrive, and then bring you up to meet myself and Arthur Miller, the CEO.
M: OK, sounds good. So will you be the only members of the interview panel there then?
W: Yes, it‘ll be just me and Arthur who will talk to you. The interview will be in three parts. First of all, we‘ll ask you some general questions about yourself and your educational and professional background, and then we‘ll move on to specifics.
M: Oh, er, specifics? Well, er ... what kind of questions will you be asking?
W: Well, it‘ ll be very similar to the personal statement you submitted with your CV. We‘ll be expecting you to ... to give actual examples of problems you‘ve faced and solved, and of what you feel are the major successes in your career so far.
M: OK, well. Yeah, that sounds great. Can‘t wait!
W: [2]Then there‘ll be a chance for you to ask us any questions—about the job itself, or ABC Company in general.
M: Oh, um ... OK. I‘ll think of something!
W: [3][4]After that, we‘d like you to give a short presentation on how you see ABC as a company progressing, and how you see yourself taking us there.
M: OK, so will I be expected to give like a formal style presentation?
W: It can be as formal or informal as you like. There‘ll be a computer and a data projector there available. If you need anything else, just let us know.
M: Oh, um ... OK, a presentation! I'll think of something. I haven‘t done one of those in a while.
W: Is that all clear?
M: Yes.
W: [5]Great. So, Daniel, I‘ll see you at 11 a. m., Thursday next week.
M: OK, great. I look forward to meeting you! Thanks, bye.
W: Bye.
1.Why does the woman call the man?
2.What kind of questions can the man ask in the interview?
3.Which is the last part of the interview?
4.What might be expected from the man‘s presentation?
5.When is the interview scheduled?
Conversation Two
6.A. The disadvantages of college loans.
ernment financing in college education.
C.How to handle the problem of college loans.
D.How college students pay for their education.
7.A. It has increased by 6 to 8%.
B.It has increased by 8 to 10%.
C.It has decreased by 6 to 8%.
D.It has decreased by 8 to 10%.
8.A. Student‘s family income.
B.First year salary after graduation.
C.A fixed amount of 30,000 dollars.
D.Payment in the next ten years.
9.A. Students can borrow money first.
B.Students pay no tax on savings.
C.Students pay less tax after graduation.
D.Students withdraw without paying tax.
10.A. Giving up charitable or volunteer work.
B.Neglecting their study at college.
C.Giving up further education.
D.Neglecting high salary in job-seeking.
【答案与解析】
6.C 考点：主旨题。
录音一开始女士的开场白就提到了学生债务问题，并且在接下来的讨论中也紧紧围绕这一主
题展开，比如“good debt”和“bad debt”，比如贷款多少的评估、多种贷款的方式及减轻负债的一些途径等等，由此可知，本题选C 项。
7.A考点：细节题。
录音中男士提到“the co s t of college s ha s been going up at 6 to 8 percent a year”，也就是说大学
教育费用每年会上涨6%-8%，故选A 项。
8.B 考点：细节题。
录音中男士说道“Well, one guideline is that you look at the f i rst year salary in your field after
graduation”，由此可知，判断学生贷款的一个指导原则就是参照你所在行业毕业后第一年的薪水，由此可知，B 项正确。
9.D考点：细节题。
录音中提到其他的贷款方式，其中男士提到了“a college s avi ngs plan”，并且提到这种高校储蓄计
划“let you s ave on a tax advantage ba s i s”，并解释道“S o you can put money a w ay in the s e account s and
w ithdra w tax-free to pay for that education”，也就是说不用缴纳税款就可以取款，因此D项正确。
10.A 考点：推断题。
当女士提到慈善和志愿工作时，男士说这是社会成本，并且解释说人们会放弃慈善机构
或非盈利组织中的工作，因为他们必须获得更高的薪水来还债，由此可知，A 项正确。
pass up 拒绝，放弃。
【录音原文】
W: It says a growing number of students are making a major hole from the minute they enter the real world because they are already, some of them, more than 100,000 dollars in debt. With us now is Mark Spenser. He is the senior financial analyst from SBC Bank. Welcome to you.
M: Thank you. Nice to be with you.
W: Now, I guess there are two kinds of debts, good debt and bad debt. Where does this go?
M: [7]Well, student loan debt is traditionally considered good debt, but the problem for many students and their families is that the cost of colleges has been going up at 6 to 8 percent a year, far faster than the income, far faster than the standard of living. That means debt‘s taking on a bigger and bigger role in financing education.
W: How much debt is too much debt for ... for one student?
M: [8]Well, one guideline is that you look at the first year salary in your field after graduation, and use that as a barometer, but even then ...
W: Is that right?
M: Well, you are talking big payments even in that instance, for example, 30,000 dollars worth of debt. If you are gonna repay that over 10 years, you are talking more than 300 dollars a month that, in payments every month for 10 years. W: But there is surely more than one way to get a loan for college. There are government programs. There are so many kinds of grants. What‘s ... what‘s the best advice for people who are looking for these loans to try to keep themselves from going under?
M: I understand that loans are just one way of college finance. Take advantage of the other opportunities. [9]Things like
a college savings plan let ... let you save on a tax advantage basis. So you can put money away in these accounts
and withdraw tax-free to pay for that education.
W: So, it‘s important to start e arly and that really reduces that reliance on debt later.
M: Another thing, leave no stone unturned, looking at grants, scholarships, even on-campus jobs. I mean every dollar you get that way is seen as another dollar you don‘t have to borrow later.
W: The kinds of jobs that so many students, fresh off students, like to go into, er, charity stuff, volunteer work. This debt is eliminating a lot of that, isn‘t it?
M: [10]I think that‘s the social cost. Really, I mean ... you know, when you consider that, you know, people may pass up
a rewarding career in charitable work, or non-profit organization because they have to get a higher salary someplace
else to pay off that debt.
W: Yeah, that‘s for sure. Mark Spenser, senior financial analyst from SBC Bank. Mark, good you could be here.
M: Thank you.
6.What is the interview mainly about?
7.How does the cost of college education change every y ear?
8.What is used to measure student loan debt as a guideline?
9.What is the advantage of joining a college savings plan?
10.What is the possible social cost of a college loan?
PART Ⅲ LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE [10 MIN]
There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statement s marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
11.How can I concentrate if you continually me with silly questions?
A.have ... interrupted
B.are ... interrupted
C.had ... interrupting
D.were ... interrupting
【答案】A
【解析】考点：时态语态。
句意：如果你不断地用这些愚蠢的问题来打扰我，我怎么能够集中注意力呢？本题中if 后面引导条件状语从句，从“continually”一词可知，从句中也应该使用现在时态，因此排除C、D 两个选项。
由于这里表示“你打扰我”，故应为主动语态，B 项排除。
A项使用了现在完成时态，表示“打扰”这一动作持续了一段时间，并对现在造成影响，符合题意，因此选A 项。
12.Among the four sentences below, Sentence expresses the highest degree of possibility.
A.It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.
B.It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.
C.It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.
D.It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.
【答案】D
【解析】考点：情态动词。
题目要求选出暗含可能性最高的选项。
分析四个选项中的句子，主要区别在于使用的情态动词不同。
情态动词语气从弱到强的顺序为：might＜may＜could＜can＜should＜ought to＜would＜must。
故选D 项。
13.She is a better speaker than _ in the class.
A.any boy
B.the other boys
C.other any girl
D.all
【答案】A
【解析】考点：限定词。
句意：她比班上任何男孩都要擅长演讲。
any boy 指的是任何一个男孩，即把她是和班上所有的男孩进行比较，符合语境，因此选A 项。
the other boys 指的是其他男孩们，言下之意，主语应当是the boy。
C 项应该为“any other girl s”。
D项中的“all”包括主语“s he”，所以二者之间不能进行比较。
14.Nobody heard him sing, ?
A.did one
B.did he
C.didn‘t they
D.did they
【答案】D
【解析】考点：反意疑问句。
句意：没有人听见他唱歌，是吗？陈述部分使用了表示否定的“nobody”，反意疑问部分的助词应该使用肯定的形式，同时当陈述部分的主语是s omebody，s omeone，everybody，everyone 和nobody等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语用“they”，因此选D项。
15.I can‘t put up with .
A.that friend of you
B.that friend of yours
C.the friend of you
D.the friend of yours
【答案】B
【解析】考点：限定词。
句意：我无法忍受你的那位朋友。
该句中使用了双重所有格，表示“你的朋友中的那一个”，因此“of”后面需要接名词性物主代词“your s”，所以排除A、C 两个选项。
由于这里特指“那一个朋友”，因此选B 项。
16.There has been an increasing number of in primary schools in the past few years.
A.man teacher
B.men teacher
C.man teachers
D.men teachers
【答案】D
【解析】考点：名词作定语。
句意：过去几年里，小学中的男教师数量不断增加。
这里教师不止一个，所以应该使用“teacher s”，A项和B 项排除。
一般情况下，不管被修饰的词是单数名词还是复数名词，作定语的名词都需要使用单数形式，但是“man”或“w oman”作定语时，当后面的名词是单数时，“man”或“w oman”使用单数形式，当后面的名词是复数时，需使用复数形式，故选D 项。
17.This is one of the issues that deserve .
A.being mentioned
B.mentioning
C.to mention
D.for mention
【答案】B
【解析】考点：非谓语动词。
句意：这是值得提到的问题之一。
sth. deserve doing 和sth. deserve to be done 均表示被动意义，意思为“某事值得做”，因此B 项正确。
同样用法的词还有need，w ant 和require 等。
18.The audience excited on seeing favorite star glide onto the s tage.
A.were ... their
B.were ... its
C.was ... their
D.was ... one‘s
【答案】A
【解析】考点：主谓一致。
句意：当看到他们最最喜爱的明星走上舞台时，观众们非常兴奋。
audience 属于集体名词，在这里强调所有的观众人员，表示复数意义，谓语动词使用复数，相应的后面的代词应该使用“their”，因此本题选A 项。
19.your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.
A.Hadn‘t it been for
B.Had it not been f or
C.Had it been for
D.Had not it been f or
【答案】B
【解析】考点：虚拟语气。
句意：要不是你的建议，我可能已经做出了错误的决定。
这里表示对过去事实的虚拟，因此if 引导的虚拟条件句中，应该使用过去完成时态。
同时，在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，助动词were、should 或had 可以提前，构成倒装结构。
因此选B 项。
否定词not 应置于主语之后，因此排除A 项和D 项。
C 项不符合题意，排除。
20.The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money expresses the speaker‘s .
A.hope
B.joy
C.regret
D.relief
【答案】C
【解析】考点：虚拟语气。
题目询问该句子表达了说话人的什么感情。
本句中，“w i s h”后面使用了过去完成时态“had been”，这表示对过去事实的虚拟，是对与过去事实相反的愿望，表达了对过去发生的事情的后悔或者遗憾，因此C 项正确。
21.The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown‘s body, seeking to the family and community there
would be a thorough investigation into his death.
A.ensure
B.insure
C.assure
D.ascertain
【答案】C
【解析】考点：近义词辨析。
句意：司法部长命令联邦相关部门对布朗的遗体进行尸检，试图让其家人及社区放心，会对其死亡进行彻底调查。
assure 和ensure 都有“保证，确保”的意思，但是前者有“让人放心”的意思，而后者侧重于表示某事一定会发生，而且其后面往往不跟间接宾语“s b.”，因此C项符合题意。
i nsure 投保。
as certain查明，弄清楚。
22.The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed man and its handling of the
.
A.consequence
B.outcome
C.result
D.aftermath
【答案】D
【解析】考点：近义词辨析。
句意：警察局受到强烈谴责，原因是一位手无寸铁的男子的死亡以及对其的善后工作的处理。
四个选项意思相近，均有“结果，后果”的意思。
consequence 多指随某一事件引起的，必然或自然的不良结果。
outcome 指预先不知道的结果或结局。
result 指做某事产生的直接结果。
aftermath 强调天灾人祸之后随之而来的不良的，甚至更严重的后果或余波。
本题主要指男子死亡事件后续工作的处理，而不是男子死亡造成的结果，因此D 项符合题意，选D 项。
23.The Foreign Secretary tried to doubts about his handling of the crisis.
A.dispel
B.expel
C.repel
D.quell
【答案】A。
【解析】考点：形近词辨析。
句意：外交部长试图消除关于他处理这次危机的质疑。
dispel 驱逐；消除（烦恼等）
expel 驱逐；开除。
repel 抵制；使……厌恶。
quell 制止；平息；镇压。
因此本题选A 项。
24.Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don‘t want to take the time to study stocks in detail or who the
resources to build a portfolio.
A.deprive
ck
C.yearn
D.attain
【答案】B
【解析】考点：动词辨析。
句意：因此，共同基金最适合那些不想花时间详尽研究股票的投资者或者那些想要投资但是缺乏资源的投资人来创建投资组合。
lack 意为“缺乏；不足；没有”，符合题意，故选B 项。
deprive 使丧失，剥夺。
yearn 渴望。
attain 得到，获得。
25.Chris ran John at a sporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck an easy rapport.
A.into ... up
B.on ... into
C.across ... on
D.against ... into
【答案】A
【解析】考点：动词词组。
句意：Chris 在一次体育用品贸易展上偶然遇见了John，这两个人迅速建立了融洽的关系。
run into 偶然遇见；撞上。
strike up 使开始；建立起；开始演奏。
因此本题选A 项。
run on 继续，继续
下
去。
run across 偶然遇见；跑着穿过。
run against 偶然遇见；与……竞选。
strike into 突然进入；突然开始。
strike on 发现；想出。
26.―I am leaving the country soon,‖ he told a convened group of reporters.
A.especially
B.particularly
C.specially
D.specifically
【答案】C
【解析】考点：副词辨析。
句意：“我很快就要离开这个国家了，”他告诉专门被召集的一群记者。
s pecially 意为
“特意地，专门地”，符合题意，因此选C 项。
e s pecially 尤其，特别是。
particularly 特别地，独特地。
s pecifically明确地，具体地。
27.Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the ceasefire by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at
midnight.
A.contemporary
B.makeshift
C.spontaneous
D.temporary
【答案】D
【解析】考点：形容词辨析。
句意：以色列和哈马斯已达成协议，延长临时停火时间24 小时，直至周二午夜。
temporary 意为“临时的，暂时的”，符合题意，选D 项。
contemporary 当代的，同时代的。
makeshift 权宜之计的；凑合的。
spontaneous 自发的，自然的。
28.to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting your ability to wake on time on your own, you should probably ease
yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule for several weeks.
A.Due
B.Prior
C.Related
D.Thanks
【答案】B
【解析】考点：固定词组。
句意：在关掉闹钟相信自己能准时醒来之前，你可能应该通过几周较有规律的作息来让自己逐步适应新的安排。
prior to 意为“在……之前”，符合题意，选B 项。
due to 由于。
related to 与……有关。
thanks to 由于，幸亏。
29.If you are an athlete, strong abdominal muscles help you ensure a strong back and freedom from injury during
upper-body movement.
A.valiant
B.variable
C.vigilant
D.vigorous
【答案】D
【解析】考点：形容词辨析。
句意：如果你是一名运动员，强壮的腹肌能够帮助你在剧烈的上半身运动中确保你拥有结实的后背并免于受伤。
valiant 英勇的，勇敢的。
variable 多变的，易变的。
vigilant 警惕的，警醒的。
vigorous 强有力的；精力充沛的。
D 项符合题意，选D 项。
30.Finning is a cruel in which the shark‘s fins are lopped off, and the live shark is thrown back to sea.
A.reality
B.truth
C.practice
D.skill
【答案】C
【解析】考点：名词辨析。
句意：猎取鱼鳍是非常残忍的行为，鲨鱼的鱼鳍被割下后再把还活着的鲨鱼扔回大海。
practice 意为“做法；行为”，符合语意，因此选C 项。
reality 用作可数名词时，意为“事实；实际经历”。
truth
真理。
skill 技能，技术。
PART Ⅳ CLOZE [10 MIN]
Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
A. ample
B. combinations
C. directly
D. disseminated
E. generations
F. genuinely
G. instead
H. lists
I. promulgated
J. publicized
K. scant L. shaped M. sophisticated N. transplanted O. virtual Imagine a world without writing. Obviously there would be no books: no novels, no encyclopedias, no cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides. There would be no ball-points, no typewriters, no computers, no Internet, no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no newspapers, no tax returns. But such (31)
of objects almost miss the point. The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word, (32) by the technology of writing over thousands of years. Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and (33)
their laws in writing. Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies. Religious traditions were passed on through (34) , and spread to others, in writing. Scientific and technological progress was achieved and (35) through writing. Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing. Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing. A world without writing would bear (36) resemblance to the one we now live in. Writing is a (37)
necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations. A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization, by its construction of cities and large public buildings, and by the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not (38) involved in food procurement or production. A civilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade and its public works, requires a (39) system of record keeping. And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all developed a system of writing. Only the Peruvian civilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but (40) invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known as quipu.
【答案与解析】
31.H li s t s。
考点：名词。
空格前面是限定词“s uch”，后面是介词“of”，因此空格处应该填入名词。
上文提到假如
没有文字，世界上很多东西将不存在，根据列举的这一长串的将不存在的事物名单可知，空格处应填入li s t s。
li s t s 意为“清单”，故选H项。
32.L shaped。
考点：分词作定语。
空格前面为完整的被动句，空格后面的成分作句子的状语或者定语。
根据句意，这里指
文字是由几千年的文字的技术塑造而成，因此填入shaped，作“the written word”的后置定语。
s hape 意为“形成；塑造”，符合题意，故选L 项。
33.I promulgated。
考点：谓语动词。
空格部分与前面的“proclaimed their authority”通过“and”连接，构成并列
的谓语，因此空格处应该填入过去式形式的谓语动词。
promulgate 意为“颁布，公布”，与后面的“their laws”搭配符合题意，因此选I 项。
34.E generations。
考点：名词。
空格处接在介词“through”的后面，因此应该填入名词或者名词短语。
分析上下文
句意可知，这里指宗教传统世代相传，通过文字传播给他人。
因此选E 项。
35.D disseminated。
考点：动词过去分词。
空格处与“achieved”并列，并与系动词“was”一起构成被动语态，因此
空格处应该填入与“achieved”并列的动词过去分词。
科技进步通过文字实现和传播。
disseminate 意为“宣传；传播”，符合题意，因此选D项。
36.K s cant。
考点：形容词。
空格处修饰“re s emblance”，前面为动词“bear”，因此可知，空格处应该为形容词作定语。
通过上下文句意可知，如果没有文字，世界将与现在的样子大不一样，因此此处填入scant。
scants 意为“不足的；缺乏的”，表示没有多少相似之处。
故选K项。
37.O virtual。
考点：形容词。
空格处前面为不定冠词“a”，后面是名词“nece ss ity”，所以空格处应该填入非元
音音素开头的形容词。
文字是社会文明实际必需的。
virtual 虚拟的；实质上的，事实上的。
故选O 项38. C directly。
考点：副词。
空格处所在的从句结构完整，因此空格处应该填入副词。
根据句意，很多社会成
员并不是直接参与食品采购或生产。
directly 意为“直接地”，符合题意，故选C 项。
39.M s ophi s ticated。
考点：形容词。
空格部分前面为不定冠词“a”，后面为名词“s y s tem”，所以空格处应该填入
非元音音素开头的形容词。
s ophi s ticated 意为“复杂的”，符合题意，指这里指需要一个复杂的系统来保存记录。
故选M 项。
40.G instead。
考点：副词。
空格前面提到印加人和他们的先辈创造的秘鲁文明没有使用文字，空格后面提到发明了“结绳记
事系统”。
i ns tead 意为“代替；反而”，填在此处符合上下文语境。
故选G项。
【全文翻译】
想象一个没有文字的世界。
显然将没有书本：没有小说，没有百科全书，没有食谱，没有课本，没有电话簿，没有经典著作，没有日记，没有旅游指南。
不会有圆珠笔、打字机、电脑、网络、杂志、电影、购物清单、报纸和纳税申报单。
但这样的对象列表几乎都错过了一点。
我们生活的世界已经打上了不可磨灭的文字的烙印，而文字是由几千年的文字技术塑造而成。
古代国王宣布了他们在文字方面的权威，并颁布相关法律。
作者用文字来管理伟大的帝国，他们记录和检索信息的知识对于管理复杂社会至关重要。
宗教传统世代相传，通过文字传播给他人。
科技进步是通过文字来实现和传播的。
因为文字，贸易和商业的账户得以保留。
文明的每一步几乎都有文字这一中介。
一个没有文字的世界将与我们现在所生活的世界大相径庭。
文字是人类学家称之为文明的社会的一种实际必需品。
一个文明区别于其他社会，在于其社会组织的复杂性、城市的建设和大型公共建筑，还在于社会成员的经济专业化，其中许多人是不直接参与食品采购或生产的。
一个文明，包括它的税收和朝贡体系，它的贸易和公共工程，需要一个复杂的系统来保存记录。
所以埃及、中国和（可能的）印度的早期文明都发展了一种文字系统。
只有印加人和他们的先辈创造的秘鲁文明没有使用文字，取而代之，他们发明了一种在颜色编码的线上打结的方法，即“结绳记事系统”来保存记录。
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section, there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each questions, there are four suggested answers marked A，B , C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
When I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker ‘s clerk in San Francisco, and an expert in all the details of stock traffic. I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small ship which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter.
About ten o‘clock on the following morning, dirty and hungry, I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a big pear—minus one bite—into the gutter. I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being begged for it. But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn‘t been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn‘t get the pear.
I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and
a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: ―Step in here, please.‖
I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me. I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but as I was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best as I could.
Now, something had been happening there a little before, which I did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now. Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way of settling everything.
You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used for a。
