2016 年英语专业四级真题及详解
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016)
-GRADE FOUR-
TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN
PART ⅠDICTATION [10 MIN]
Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more.
Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.
【答案与解析】
Think Positive and Feel Positive
①Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? ②Do you react positively or negatively? ③The answer may depend in part on whom you‘re around. ④A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases.
⑤For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates. ⑥They measured each roommate‘s tendency towards negative thinking. ⑦It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious. ⑧Students with a negative thinking roommate became more depressed themselves, ⑨and students with more positive thinking roommates ⑩were more likely to become more positive as well.
【难点点评】
（1）句①中，注意“insecure”的拼写，同时注意本句为一个一般疑问句，所以需以问号结尾。
（2）句②也是一个一般疑问句，以问号结尾，注意“react”一词的听写。
（3）句③中，“in part”表示“部分地，某种程度地”，注意不要遗漏介词“in”，同时注意“around”一词的听写，不要误听为“round”。
（4）句④中，注意“contagious”一词的拼写，其意思为“感染性的；会蔓延的”。
（5）从句④到句⑩，都是在介绍一项研究发现，注意，在描述观点时使用的是一般现在时，而在描述这项研究本身的情况时使用的是一般过去时。听写时尤其需要注意一般过去时态和一般现在时态的切换。
（6）句⑥中，注意“roommate‘s”使用了所有格的形式。“tendency”表示“倾向，趋势；癖好”。
（7）句⑧中，注意“depressed”一词的拼写。“depressed”在这里表示“沮丧的”。
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]
SECTION A TALK
In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work.
What Is Grit?
【答案与解析】
1.success
(录音一开始演讲者就提到，要讨论的主题是“my res earch project concerning the key to s ucce ss”，即讲座围绕“成功的关键”展开，故该空填入success。)
2.challenging settings
(录音中演讲者介绍到，自己在发现问题后决定研究孩子和成年人在各种具有挑战性的场景下的表现，因此本题填入challenging settings。)
3.National Spelling Contest
(演讲者介绍了进行调查的三个地方，即“Wes t P oint M ilitary A cademy”“N ational S pelling Conte s t”和“private companie s”。因此本题答案为N ational S pelling Conte s t。)
4.passion and
perseverance (演讲者通过调查得出结论，能够预测成功的品质是grit，接着作者开始解释道“grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals”因此可知，本题填入passion and perseverance。)
5.future a reality
(演讲者提到，毅力就是年复一年“working really hard to make future a reality”，也就是说持之以恒，努力使自己对未来的展望成真。注意不要遗漏不定冠词a。)
6.marathon
(录音中明确提到“Grit is living your life like it‘s a marathon, not a sprint”，即把生活当作一场马拉松，而不是短跑，因此填入marathon。)
7.grittier
(演讲者在介绍自己几年前开展的关于“毅力”的调查时说道“It turned out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate”，由此可知，更有毅力的学生更容易毕业，故答案为grittier。)
8.measures of talent
(关于如何增强毅力，演讲者首先分析了相关数据，并提到“根据数据，毅力与衡量才华的标准通常无关”，因此填入measures of talent。)
9.not fixed/ changeable
(录音中提到“Growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort ”，
成长型思维模式认为学习的能力不是固定的，会随着你的努力改变，因此答案为not fixed 或changeable。)
10.a temporary condition
(关于增强毅力，录音最后还提到“Kids with grit are much more likely to persevere ... because they don‘t believe that failure is a permanent condition.”有毅力的孩子不会把失败看成是一种长期不变的状态，也就是说他们把失败看成是暂时的，因此本题填入 a temporary condition。)
【录音原文】
What Is Grit?
Good afternoon, everyone. [1]Today, I would like to talk about my research project concerning the key to success. I would like to start my topic with my own story.
When I was 27 years old, I left for a demanding job—teaching seventh graders math in the New York City public schools. And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests. I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back, I calculated grades.
What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students. Some of my strongest performers did not have super IQ scores. Some of my smartest kids weren‘t doing so well. Then, I felt very interested in knowing the reason why the students‘ math performance is not that closely related to their IQ scores. [2] I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of challenging settings, and in every study my question was, who is successful here and why. My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy. We tried to predict which students would stay in military training and which would drop out. [3]We went to the National Spelling Contest and tried to predict which children would advance furthest in competition. We worked with private companies, asking which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs, and who‘s going to earn the most money. We went to many places and finally, one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. And it wasn‘t social intelligence. It wasn‘t good looks, physical health, and it wasn‘t IQ. It was grit.
What is grit? Well, [4]grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. [5]Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years, and working really hard to make future a reality.
[6]Grit is living your life like it‘s a marathon, not a sprint.
A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools. I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate. [7]It turned out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, test scores, and so o n.
To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows, about building it. Every day, parents and teachers ask me, ―How do I build grit in kids? How do I keep them motivated for the long run?‖Our data shows very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitment. [8]In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated to measures of talent.
So far, the best idea I‘ve heard about building grit in kids is something called ―growth mindset‖. [9]Grow th mi nds et is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort. [10]Kids with grit are much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don‘t believe that failure is a permanent condition.
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And that‘s where I ‘m going to end my talk, because that‘s where we are. That‘s the work that stands before us. We have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned.
As a conclusion, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier. Next time, I would like to share with you my experience in building up students‘ grit.
SECTION B CONVERSATIONS
In this section, you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
You have thirty seconds to preview the questions.
Now, listen to the conversations.
Conversation One
1.A. To tell the man that he has been short listed for interview.
B.To ask the man a few questions about his interview.
C.To explain to the man how to make a presentation.
D.To tell the man the procedure of the interview.
2.A. Questions related to the job.
B.General questions about himself.
C.Specific questions about his CV.
D.Questions about his future p lan.
3.A. Questions from the interviewers.
B.Questions from the interviewee.
C.Presentation from the interviewee.
D.Requests from the interviewee.
4.A. Educational and professional background.
B.Problems he has faced and solved.
C.Major successes in his career so far.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f88217234.html,pany future and his contribution.
5.A. 11 a. m., next Tuesday.
B.11 a. m., next Thursday.
C.9 a. m., this Tuesday.
D.9 a. m., this Thursday.
【答案与解析】
1.D 考点：细节题。录音中女士给男士打电话，首先提到男士已经入围面试名单，然后说道“I just want to talk you
through the procedure for the day”，因此女士打电话的目的是告知男士当天的面试流程，因此选D项。
2.A 考点：细节题。录音中，女士提到，男士有机会问问题，问题主要是“about the job itself, or ABC Company in
general”，因此A项正确。
3.C 考点：细节题。关于面试的流程，女士最后介绍了一点，即在男士提问环节后，“we‘d like you to give a short
pres entation”，也就是希望男士能够进行一个简短的展示，因此C 项正确。
4.D 考点：细节题。关于展示的内容，女士提到是“how you see ABC as a company progressing, and how you see
your s elf taking us there”，即希望男士在展示中陈述他对A BC 公司发展的看法，和他可以为公司的发展做出的贡献，因此选D 项。
5.B 考点：细节题。录音最后，女士说道“I‘ll see you at 11 a. m., Thursday next week.”因此面试时间为下周四
上午11 点。因此选B 项。
【录音原文】
W: Hello, this is Kate Smith. I‘m calling from ABC Company.
M: Oh, hello, Kate. Great to hear from you.
W: You‘ve already been told that you‘ve been shortlisted for interview.
M: Oh, yes.
W: Well, we are very excited about meeting you. OK, [1]I just want to talk you through the procedure for the day.
Someone will meet you when you arrive, and then bring you up to meet myself and Arthur Miller, the CEO.
M: OK, sounds good. So will you be the only members of the interview panel there then?
W: Yes, it‘ll be just me and Arthur who will talk to you. The interview will be in three parts. First of all, we‘ll ask you some general questions about yourself and your educational and professional background, and then we‘ll move on to specifics.
M: Oh, er, specifics? Well, er ... what kind of questions will you be asking?
W: Well, it‘ ll be very similar to the personal statement you submitted with your CV. We‘ll be expecting you to ... to give actual examples of problems you‘ve faced and solved, and of what you feel are the major successes in your career so far.
M: OK, well. Yeah, that sounds great. Can‘t wait!
W: [2]Then there‘ll be a chance for you to ask us any questions—about the job itself, or ABC Company in general.
M: Oh, um ... OK. I‘ll think of something!
W: [3][4]After that, we‘d like you to give a short presentation on how you see ABC as a company progressing, and how you see yourself taking us there.
M: OK, so will I be expected to give like a formal style presentation?
W: It can be as formal or informal as you like. There‘ll be a computer and a data projector there available. If you need anything else, just let us know.
M: Oh, um ... OK, a presentation! I'll think of something. I haven‘t done one of those in a while.
W: Is that all clear?
M: Yes.
W: [5]Great. So, Daniel, I‘ll see you at 11 a. m., Thursday next week.
M: OK, great. I look forward to meeting you! Thanks, bye.
W: Bye.
1.Why does the woman call the man?
2.What kind of questions can the man ask in the interview?
3.Which is the last part of the interview?
4.What might be expected from the man‘s presentation?
5.When is the interview scheduled?
Conversation Two
6.A. The disadvantages of college loans.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f88217234.html,ernment financing in college education.
C.How to handle the problem of college loans.
D.How college students pay for their education.
7.A. It has increased by 6 to 8%.
B.It has increased by 8 to 10%.
C.It has decreased by 6 to 8%.
D.It has decreased by 8 to 10%.
8.A. Student‘s family income.
B.First year salary after graduation.
C.A fixed amount of 30,000 dollars.
D.Payment in the next ten years.
9.A. Students can borrow money first.
B.Students pay no tax on savings.
C.Students pay less tax after graduation.
D.Students withdraw without paying tax.
10.A. Giving up charitable or volunteer work.
B.Neglecting their study at college.
C.Giving up further education.
D.Neglecting high salary in job-seeking.
【答案与解析】
6.C 考点：主旨题。录音一开始女士的开场白就提到了学生债务问题，并且在接下来的讨论中也紧紧围绕这一主
题展开，比如“good debt”和“bad debt”，比如贷款多少的评估、多种贷款的方式及减轻负债的一些途径等等，由此可知，本题选C 项。
7.A考点：细节题。录音中男士提到“the co s t of college s ha s been going up at 6 to 8 percent a year”，也就是说大学
教育费用每年会上涨6%-8%，故选A 项。
8.B 考点：细节题。录音中男士说道“Well, one guideline is that you look at the f i rst year salary in your field after
graduation”，由此可知，判断学生贷款的一个指导原则就是参照你所在行业毕业后第一年的薪水，由此可知，B 项正确。
9.D考点：细节题。录音中提到其他的贷款方式，其中男士提到了“a college s avi ngs plan”，并且提到这种高校储蓄计
划“let you s ave on a tax advantage ba s i s”，并解释道“S o you can put money a w ay in the s e account s and
w ithdra w tax-free to pay for that education”，也就是说不用缴纳税款就可以取款，因此D项正确。
10.A 考点：推断题。当女士提到慈善和志愿工作时，男士说这是社会成本，并且解释说人们会放弃慈善机构
或非盈利组织中的工作，因为他们必须获得更高的薪水来还债，由此可知，A 项正确。pass up 拒绝，放弃。
【录音原文】
W: It says a growing number of students are making a major hole from the minute they enter the real world because they are already, some of them, more than 100,000 dollars in debt. With us now is Mark Spenser. He is the senior financial analyst from SBC Bank. Welcome to you.
M: Thank you. Nice to be with you.
W: Now, I guess there are two kinds of debts, good debt and bad debt. Where does this go?
M: [7]Well, student loan debt is traditionally considered good debt, but the problem for many students and their families is that the cost of colleges has been going up at 6 to 8 percent a year, far faster than the income, far faster than the standard of living. That means debt‘s taking on a bigger and bigger role in financing education.
W: How much debt is too much debt for ... for one student?
M: [8]Well, one guideline is that you look at the first year salary in your field after graduation, and use that as a barometer, but even then ...
W: Is that right?
M: Well, you are talking big payments even in that instance, for example, 30,000 dollars worth of debt. If you are gonna repay that over 10 years, you are talking more than 300 dollars a month that, in payments every month for 10 years. W: But there is surely more than one way to get a loan for college. There are government programs. There are so many kinds of grants. What‘s ... what‘s the best advice for people who are looking for these loans to try to keep themselves from going under?
M: I understand that loans are just one way of college finance. Take advantage of the other opportunities. [9]Things like
a college savings plan let ... let you save on a tax advantage basis. So you can put money away in these accounts
and withdraw tax-free to pay for that education.
W: So, it‘s important to start e arly and that really reduces that reliance on debt later.
M: Another thing, leave no stone unturned, looking at grants, scholarships, even on-campus jobs. I mean every dollar you get that way is seen as another dollar you don‘t have to borrow later.
W: The kinds of jobs that so many students, fresh off students, like to go into, er, charity stuff, volunteer work. This debt is eliminating a lot of that, isn‘t it?
M: [10]I think that‘s the social cost. Really, I mean ... you know, when you consider that, you know, people may pass up
a rewarding career in charitable work, or non-profit organization because they have to get a higher salary someplace
else to pay off that debt.
W: Yeah, that‘s for sure. Mark Spenser, senior financial analyst from SBC Bank. Mark, good you could be here.
M: Thank you.
6.What is the interview mainly about?
7.How does the cost of college education change every y ear?
8.What is used to measure student loan debt as a guideline?
9.What is the advantage of joining a college savings plan?
10.What is the possible social cost of a college loan?
PART Ⅲ LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE [10 MIN]
There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statement s marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
11.How can I concentrate if you continually me with silly questions?
A.have ... interrupted
B.are ... interrupted
C.had ... interrupting
D.were ... interrupting
【答案】A
【解析】考点：时态语态。句意：如果你不断地用这些愚蠢的问题来打扰我，我怎么能够集中注意力呢？本题中if 后面引导条件状语从句，从“continually”一词可知，从句中也应该使用现在时态，因此排除C、D 两个选项。由于这里表示“你打扰我”，故应为主动语态，B 项排除。A项使用了现在完成时态，表示“打扰”这一动作持续了一段时间，并对现在造成影响，符合题意，因此选A 项。
12.Among the four sentences below, Sentence expresses the highest degree of possibility.
A.It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem.
B.It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem.
C.It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem.
D.It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem.
【答案】D
【解析】考点：情态动词。题目要求选出暗含可能性最高的选项。分析四个选项中的句子，主要区别在于使用的情态动词不同。情态动词语气从弱到强的顺序为：might＜may＜could＜can＜should＜ought to＜would＜must。故选D 项。
13.She is a better speaker than _ in the class.
A.any boy
B.the other boys
C.other any girl
D.all
【答案】A
【解析】考点：限定词。句意：她比班上任何男孩都要擅长演讲。any boy 指的是任何一个男孩，即把她是和班上所有的男孩进行比较，符合语境，因此选A 项。the other boys 指的是其他男孩们，言下之意，主语应当是the boy。C 项应该为“any other girl s”。D项中的“all”包括主语“s he”，所以二者之间不能进行比较。
14.Nobody heard him sing, ?
A.did one
B.did he
C.didn‘t they
D.did they
【答案】D
【解析】考点：反意疑问句。句意：没有人听见他唱歌，是吗？陈述部分使用了表示否定的“nobody”，反意疑问部分的助词应该使用肯定的形式，同时当陈述部分的主语是s omebody，s omeone，everybody，everyone 和nobody等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语用“they”，因此选D项。
15.I can‘t put up with .
A.that friend of you
B.that friend of yours
C.the friend of you
D.the friend of yours
【答案】B
【解析】考点：限定词。句意：我无法忍受你的那位朋友。该句中使用了双重所有格，表示“你的朋友中的那一个”，因此“of”后面需要接名词性物主代词“your s”，所以排除A、C 两个选项。由于这里特指“那一个朋友”，因此选B 项。
16.There has been an increasing number of in primary schools in the past few years.
A.man teacher
B.men teacher
C.man teachers
D.men teachers
【答案】D
【解析】考点：名词作定语。句意：过去几年里，小学中的男教师数量不断增加。这里教师不止一个，所以应该使用“teacher s”，A项和B 项排除。一般情况下，不管被修饰的词是单数名词还是复数名词，作定语的名词都需要使用单数形式，但是“man”或“w oman”作定语时，当后面的名词是单数时，“man”或“w oman”使用单数形式，当后面的名词是复数时，需使用复数形式，故选D 项。
17.This is one of the issues that deserve .
A.being mentioned
B.mentioning
C.to mention
D.for mention
【答案】B
【解析】考点：非谓语动词。句意：这是值得提到的问题之一。sth. deserve doing 和sth. deserve to be done 均表示被动意义，意思为“某事值得做”，因此B 项正确。同样用法的词还有need，w ant 和require 等。
18.The audience excited on seeing favorite star glide onto the s tage.
A.were ... their
B.were ... its
C.was ... their
D.was ... one‘s
【答案】A
【解析】考点：主谓一致。句意：当看到他们最最喜爱的明星走上舞台时，观众们非常兴奋。audience 属于集体名词，在这里强调所有的观众人员，表示复数意义，谓语动词使用复数，相应的后面的代词应该使用“their”，因此本题选A 项。
19.your advice, I would have made the wrong decision.
A.Hadn‘t it been for
B.Had it not been f or
C.Had it been for
D.Had not it been f or
【答案】B
【解析】考点：虚拟语气。句意：要不是你的建议，我可能已经做出了错误的决定。这里表示对过去事实的虚拟，因此if 引导的虚拟条件句中，应该使用过去完成时态。同时，在if 引导的虚拟条件句中，助动词were、should 或had 可以提前，构成倒装结构。因此选B 项。否定词not 应置于主语之后，因此排除A 项和D 项。C 项不符合题意，排除。
20.The sentence I wish I had been more careful in spending money expresses the speaker‘s .
A.hope
B.joy
C.regret
D.relief
【答案】C
【解析】考点：虚拟语气。题目询问该句子表达了说话人的什么感情。本句中，“w i s h”后面使用了过去完成时态“had been”，这表示对过去事实的虚拟，是对与过去事实相反的愿望，表达了对过去发生的事情的后悔或者遗憾，因此C 项正确。
21.The Attorney General ordered a federal autopsy of Brown‘s body, seeking to the family and community there
would be a thorough investigation into his death.
A.ensure
B.insure
C.assure
D.ascertain
【答案】C
【解析】考点：近义词辨析。句意：司法部长命令联邦相关部门对布朗的遗体进行尸检，试图让其家人及社区放心，会对其死亡进行彻底调查。assure 和ensure 都有“保证，确保”的意思，但是前者有“让人放心”的意思，而后者侧重于表示某事一定会发生，而且其后面往往不跟间接宾语“s b.”，因此C项符合题意。i nsure 投保。as certain查明，弄清楚。
22.The police department came under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed man and its handling of the
.
A.consequence
B.outcome
C.result
D.aftermath
【答案】D
【解析】考点：近义词辨析。句意：警察局受到强烈谴责，原因是一位手无寸铁的男子的死亡以及对其的善后工作的处理。四个选项意思相近，均有“结果，后果”的意思。consequence 多指随某一事件引起的，必然或自然的不良结果。outcome 指预先不知道的结果或结局。result 指做某事产生的直接结果。aftermath 强调天灾人祸之后随之而来的不良的，甚至更严重的后果或余波。本题主要指男子死亡事件后续工作的处理，而不是男子死亡造成的结果，因此D 项符合题意，选D 项。
23.The Foreign Secretary tried to doubts about his handling of the crisis.
A.dispel
B.expel
C.repel
D.quell
【答案】A
。
【解析】考点：形近词辨析。句意：外交部长试图消除关于他处理这次危机的质疑。dispel 驱逐；消除（烦恼等）
expel 驱逐；开除。repel 抵制；使……厌恶。quell 制止；平息；镇压。因此本题选A 项。
24.Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don‘t want to take the time to study stocks in detail or who the
resources to build a portfolio.
A.deprive
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f88217234.html,ck
C.yearn
D.attain
【答案】B
【解析】考点：动词辨析。句意：因此，共同基金最适合那些不想花时间详尽研究股票的投资者或者那些想要投资但是缺乏资源的投资人来创建投资组合。lack 意为“缺乏；不足；没有”，符合题意，故选B 项。deprive 使丧失，剥夺。yearn 渴望。attain 得到，获得。
25.Chris ran John at a sporting-goods trade show and the two quickly struck an easy rapport.
A.into ... up
B.on ... into
C.across ... on
D.against ... into
【答案】A
【解析】考点：动词词组。句意：Chris 在一次体育用品贸易展上偶然遇见了John，这两个人迅速建立了融洽的关系。run into 偶然遇见；撞上。strike up 使开始；建立起；开始演奏。因此本题选A 项。run on 继续，继续
下
去。run across 偶然遇见；跑着穿过。run against 偶然遇见；与……竞选。strike into 突然进入；突然开始。strike on 发现；想出。
26.―I am leaving the country soon,‖ he told a convened group of reporters.
A.especially
B.particularly
C.specially
D.specifically
【答案】C
【解析】考点：副词辨析。句意：“我很快就要离开这个国家了，”他告诉专门被召集的一群记者。s pecially 意为
“特意地，专门地”，符合题意，因此选C 项。e s pecially 尤其，特别是。particularly 特别地，独特地。s pecifically明确地，具体地。
27.Israel and Hamas had reached a deal on extending the ceasefire by an extra 24 hours until Tuesday at
midnight.
A.contemporary
B.makeshift
C.spontaneous
D.temporary
【答案】D
【解析】考点：形容词辨析。句意：以色列和哈马斯已达成协议，延长临时停火时间24 小时，直至周二午夜。temporary 意为“临时的，暂时的”，符合题意，选D 项。contemporary 当代的，同时代的。makeshift 权宜之计的；凑合的。spontaneous 自发的，自然的。
28.to unplugging the alarm clock and trusting your ability to wake on time on your own, you should probably ease
yourself into the new arrangement by keeping a very regular schedule for several weeks.
A.Due
B.Prior
C.Related
D.Thanks
【答案】B
【解析】考点：固定词组。句意：在关掉闹钟相信自己能准时醒来之前，你可能应该通过几周较有规律的作息来让自己逐步适应新的安排。prior to 意为“在……之前”，符合题意，选B 项。due to 由于。related to 与……有关。thanks to 由于，幸亏。
29.If you are an athlete, strong abdominal muscles help you ensure a strong back and freedom from injury during
upper-body movement.
A.valiant
B.variable
C.vigilant
D.vigorous
【答案】D
【解析】考点：形容词辨析。句意：如果你是一名运动员，强壮的腹肌能够帮助你在剧烈的上半身运动中确保你拥有结实的后背并免于受伤。valiant 英勇的，勇敢的。variable 多变的，易变的。vigilant 警惕的，警醒的。vigorous 强有力的；精力充沛的。D 项符合题意，选D 项。
30.Finning is a cruel in which the shark‘s fins are lopped off, and the live shark is thrown back to sea.
A.reality
B.truth
C.practice
D.skill
【答案】C
【解析】考点：名词辨析。句意：猎取鱼鳍是非常残忍的行为，鲨鱼的鱼鳍被割下后再把还活着的鲨鱼扔回大海。
practice 意为“做法；行为”，符合语意，因此选C 项。reality 用作可数名词时，意为“事实；实际经历”。truth
真理。skill 技能，技术。
PART Ⅳ CLOZE [10 MIN]
Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
A. ample
B. combinations
C. directly
D. disseminated
E. generations
F. genuinely
G. instead
H. lists
I. promulgated
J. publicized
K. scant L. shaped M. sophisticated N. transplanted O. virtual Imagine a world without writing. Obviously there would be no books: no novels, no encyclopedias, no cookbooks, no textbooks, no telephone books, no scriptures, no diaries, no travel guides. There would be no ball-points, no typewriters, no computers, no Internet, no magazines, no movie credits, no shopping lists, no newspapers, no tax returns. But such (31)
of objects almost miss the point. The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word, (32) by the technology of writing over thousands of years. Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and (33)
their laws in writing. Scribes administered great empires by writing, their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies. Religious traditions were passed on through (34) , and spread to others, in writing. Scientific and technological progress was achieved and (35) through writing. Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing. Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing. A world without writing would bear (36) resemblance to the one we now live in. Writing is a (37)
necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations. A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization, by its construction of cities and large public buildings, and by the economic specialization of its members, many of whom are not (38) involved in food procurement or production. A civilization, with its taxation and tribute systems, its trade and its public works, requires a (39) system of record keeping. And so the early civilizations of Egypt, China, and (probably) India all developed a system of writing. Only the Peruvian civilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but (40) invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known as quipu.
【答案与解析】
31.H li s t s。考点：名词。空格前面是限定词“s uch”，后面是介词“of”，因此空格处应该填入名词。上文提到假如
没有文字，世界上很多东西将不存在，根据列举的这一长串的将不存在的事物名单可知，空格处应填入li s t s。li s t s 意为“清单”，故选H项。
32.L shaped。考点：分词作定语。空格前面为完整的被动句，空格后面的成分作句子的状语或者定语。根据句意，这里指
文字是由几千年的文字的技术塑造而成，因此填入shaped，作“the written word”的后置定语。
s hape 意为“形成；塑造”，符合题意，故选L 项。
33.I promulgated。考点：谓语动词。空格部分与前面的“proclaimed their authority”通过“and”连接，构成并列
的谓语，因此空格处应该填入过去式形式的谓语动词。promulgate 意为“颁布，公布”，与后面的“their laws”搭配符合题意，因此选I 项。
34.E generations。考点：名词。空格处接在介词“through”的后面，因此应该填入名词或者名词短语。分析上下文
句意可知，这里指宗教传统世代相传，通过文字传播给他人。因此选E 项。
35.D disseminated。考点：动词过去分词。空格处与“achieved”并列，并与系动词“was”一起构成被动语态，因此
空格处应该填入与“achieved”并列的动词过去分词。科技进步通过文字实现和传播。disseminate 意为“宣传；传播”，符合题意，因此选D项。
36.K s cant。考点：形容词。空格处修饰“re s emblance”，前面为动词“bear”，因此可知，空格处应该为形容词作定语。
通过上下文句意可知，如果没有文字，世界将与现在的样子大不一样，因此此处填入scant。scants 意为“不足的；缺乏的”，表示没有多少相似之处。故选K项。
37.O virtual。考点：形容词。空格处前面为不定冠词“a”，后面是名词“nece ss ity”，所以空格处应该填入非元
音音素开头的形容词。文字是社会文明实际必需的。virtual 虚拟的；实质上的，事实上的。故选O 项38. C directly。考点：副词。空格处所在的从句结构完整，因此空格处应该填入副词。根据句意，很多社会成
员并不是直接参与食品采购或生产。directly 意为“直接地”，符合题意，故选C 项。
39.M s ophi s ticated。考点：形容词。空格部分前面为不定冠词“a”，后面为名词“s y s tem”，所以空格处应该填入
非元音音素开头的形容词。s ophi s ticated 意为“复杂的”，符合题意，指这里指需要一个复杂的系统来保存记录。
故选M 项。
40.G instead。考点：副词。空格前面提到印加人和他们的先辈创造的秘鲁文明没有使用文字，空格后面提到发明了“结绳记
事系统”。i ns tead 意为“代替；反而”，填在此处符合上下文语境。故选G项。
【全文翻译】
想象一个没有文字的世界。显然将没有书本：没有小说，没有百科全书，没有食谱，没有课本，没有电话簿，没有经典著作，没有日记，没有旅游指南。不会有圆珠笔、打字机、电脑、网络、杂志、电影、购物清单、报纸和纳税申报单。但这样的对象列表几乎都错过了一点。我们生活的世界已经打上了不可磨灭的文字的烙印，而文字是由几千年的文字技术塑造而成。古代国王宣布了他们在文字方面的权威，并颁布相关法律。作者用文字来管理伟大的帝国，他们记录和检索信息的知识对于管理复杂社会至关重要。宗教传统世代相传，通过文字传播给他人。科技进步是通过文字来实现和传播的。因为文字，贸易和商业的账户得以保留。文明的每一步几乎都有文字这一中介。一个没有文字的世界将与我们现在所生活的世界大相径庭。文字是人类学家称之为文明的社会的一种实际必需品。一个文明区别于其他社会，在于其社会组织的复杂性、城市的建设和大型公共建筑，还在于社会成员的经济专业化，其中许多人是不直接参与食品采购或生产的。一个文明，包括它的税收和朝贡体系，它的贸易和公共工程，需要一个复杂的系统来保存记录。所以埃及、中国和（可能的）印度的早期文明都发展了一种文字系统。只有印加人和他们的先辈创造的秘鲁文明没有使用文字，取而代之，他们发明了一种在颜色编码的线上打结的方法，即“结绳记事系统”来保存记录。
PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]
SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
In this section, there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each questions, there are four suggested answers marked A，B , C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
When I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker ‘s clerk in San Francisco, and an expert in all the details of stock traffic. I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation; but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect. My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to putting it in on a little sail-boat on the bay. One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea. Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small ship which was bound for London. It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor. When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket. This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours. During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter.
About ten o‘clock on the following morning, dirty and hungry, I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a big pear—minus one bite—into the gutter. I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being begged for it. But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent and pretended that I hadn‘t been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn‘t get the pear.
I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and
a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: ―Step in here, please.‖
I was admitted by a man servant, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting. They sent away the servant, and made me sit down. They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me. I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but as I was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best as I could.
Now, something had been happening there a little before, which I did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now. Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way of settling everything.
You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used for a
special purpose connected with some public transaction with a foreign country. For some reason or other only one of these had been used and canceled; the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank. Well, the brothers chatting along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his being in possession of it. Brother A said he would starve to death; Brother B sa id, he wouldn‘t. Brother A said he couldn‘t offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on the spot. So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty days, anyway, on that million, and keep out of jail, too. Brother A took him up. Brother B went down to the Bank and bought that note. Then he dictated a letter, which one of his clerks wrote out in a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to.
I finally became the pick of them.
41.In Para. 1, the phrase ―set my feet‖ probably means .
A.put me aside
B.prepare me
C.let me w alk
D.start my journey
42.It can be concluded from Para. 2 that .
A.the man wanted to maintain dignity though starved
B.the man could not get a proper chance to eat the pear
C.the man did not really want the pear since it was dirty
D.it was very difficult for the man to get the p ear
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f88217234.html,pared with Brother A, Brother B was more towards the effect of the one-million-pound bank-note on a
total stranger.
A.neutral
B.negative
C.reserved
D.positive
【文章导读】
）
。选文部分主要介绍了故事的缘起：一位文章选自马克·吐温的短篇小说T he Million Pound Note（“百万英镑”
美国穷小子流落伦敦街头，并且由于两位富商的打赌而被借予一张无法兑现的百万大钞。
【答案与解析】
41.B 考点：语义题。第一段第二句中提到了“these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was
content w ith the pro s pect”，通过上文可知，这里的“the s e”指的上文中提到的“我是只身混世界，除了自己的聪明才智和一身清白，就再也没什么可依靠的了”，从基本上什么都没有到“eventual fortune”，可知此处作者使用了暗喻的手法，是在说“我”奔赴前程，B 项“让我准备走向最后的成功”符合题意，因此选 B 项。这里不是指走路或者旅行，因此C、D项排除。put a s ide 意为“储存，暂不考虑”，不符合题意。
42. A 考点：推断题。第二段主要描述了“我”流落伦敦街头后，关于要不要去捡别人丢弃的一个梨的内心挣扎。
虽然“我”很饿，渴望着有这个梨来裹腹，但是每次打算去捡梨时都会因为感到别人在看向自己而退缩。
由此可推测，“我”不想被人看到捡别人丢弃的肮脏的食物吃，是为了维持自己的自尊。A项正确。
43.D 考点：态度题。通过关键词“Brother A”和“Brother B”定位到最后一段。由最后一段第四、五句可知。兄弟
A 认为那个人会饿死，兄弟
B 认为不会，由此可知，兄弟B 态度更加积极乐观。因此D 项正确。
【全文翻译】
二十七岁那年，我正给旧金山的一个矿业经济人打工，把证券交易所的门槛摸得清清楚楚。我是只身混世界，除了自己的聪明才智和一身清白，就再也没什么可依靠的了；不过，这反倒让我脚踏实地，不做那没影儿的发财梦，死心塌地奔自己的前程。每到星期六下午股市收了盘，时间就全都是我自己的了，我喜欢弄条小船到海湾里去消磨这些时光。有一天我驶得远了点儿，漂到了茫茫大海上。正当夜幕降临，眼看就要没了盼头的时候，一艘开往伦敦的双桅帆船搭救了我。漫漫的旅途风狂雨暴，他们让我以工代票，干普通水手的活儿。到伦敦上岸的时候，我鹑衣百结，兜里只剩了一美元。连吃带住，我用这一美元顶了二十四个小时。再往后的二十四个小时里，我就饥肠辘辘，无处栖身了。
第二天上午大约十点钟光景，我破衣烂衫，饿着肚子正沿波特兰大道往前蹭。这时候，一个保姆领着孩子路过，那孩子把手上刚咬了一口的大个儿甜梨扔进了下水道。不用说，我停了下来，满含欲望的眼光罩住了那个脏兮兮的宝物儿。我口水直淌，肚子里都伸出手来，全心全意地乞求这个宝贝儿。可是，只要我刚一动弹，想去拣梨，总有哪一双过路的火眼金睛明察秋毫。我自然又站得直直的，没事人一样，好像从来就没在那个烂梨身上打过主意。这出戏演了一回又一回，我就是得不着那个梨。
我受尽煎熬，正打算放开胆量、撕破脸皮去抓梨的时候，我身后的一扇窗子打开了，一位先生从里面发话：“请到这儿来。”
一个衣着华丽的仆人把我接了进去，领到一个豪华房间，里头坐着两位上了岁数的绅士。他们打发走仆人，让我坐下。他们刚刚吃了早餐，看着那些残羹剩饭，我简直透不过气来。有这些吃的东西在场，我无论如何也集中不了精力，可是人家没请我品尝，我也只好尽力忍着。
这里刚刚发生过的事，我是过了好多天以后才明白的，不过现在我就马上说给你听。这对老兄弟为一件事已经有两天争得不可开交了，最后他们同意打个赌来分出高低——无论什么事英国人靠打赌都能一了百了。
你也许记得，英格兰银行曾经发行过两张一百万英镑的大钞，用于和某国公对公交易之类的特殊目的。不知怎么搞的，这两张大钞只有一张用过后注销了；另一张则一直躺在英格兰银行的金库里睡大觉。且说这两兄弟聊着聊着，忽发奇想：假如一位有头脑、特诚实的外地人落难伦敦，他举目无亲，除了一张百万英镑的大钞以外一无所有，而且他还没法证明这张大钞就是他的——这样的一个人会有怎样的命运呢？大哥说这人会饿死；弟弟说饿不死。大哥说，别说去银行了，无论去哪儿这人也花不掉那张大钞，因为他会当场被抓住。兄弟两个就这样争执不下，后来弟弟说他愿出两万镑打赌，这人靠百万英镑大钞无论如何也能活三十天，而且进不了监狱。大哥同意打赌，弟弟就到英格兰银行把大钞买了回来。然后，他口述一信，叫一个文书用漂亮的楷体字誊清；然后，两兄弟在窗前坐了整整一天，巴望来一个能消受大钞的合适人选。
我最终被他们选中。
PASSAGE TWO
The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons—that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let‘s look at a few of them.
The dove
The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.
There was a tradition in Europe that if a dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that the devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian art, the dove was used to symbolize the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ‘s head.
But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949.
The rainbow
The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical f lood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after the rain.
Mistletoe
This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya‘s son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship.
The ancient Druids believed that hanging mistletoe in your doorway protected you from evil spirits. Tribes would
stop fighting for a period of time if they found a tree with mistletoe. But you will never see mistletoe in a Christian church—it is banned because of its associations with pagan religion and superstition.
The olive branch
The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympic Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit, so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol.
The ankh
The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the ―afterworl d‖. The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water.
44.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.Concept of Peace.
B.Popular Peace Symbols.
C.Origin of Peace Symbols.
D.Cultural Difference of P eace.
45.The rainbow represents the connection between human beings and their gods in all the following countries EXCEPT
.
A.Sweden
B.Greece
C.Finland
D.China
46.In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate .
A.friendship
B.love
C.kinship
D.honour
47.The origin of the ankh can date back to .
A.the Nile
B.the ―afterworl d‖
C.the hippie movement
D.ancient Egypt
【文章导读】
“异曲同声盼和平福音”）。主要介绍了与象征和本文内容部分节选自Linda Baxter 的“D ifferent S ign Equal V alue s”
（
平的几个标志：鸽子、彩虹、槲寄生枝、橄榄枝和十字章。
【答案与解析】
44.B 考点：主旨题。本文一开始讲到和平的概念在全世界不同文化中非常重要，从而引出象征和平的标志这
一话题，并且在第一段最后指出“And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures
recognize as representing peace. Let‘s look at a few of them”，接着文章的主体部分重点介绍了五种不同的象征和平的标志。由此可知，B 项“流行的和平的象征”与本文主旨相呼应。故选B 项。
45.D 考点：推断题。根据“rainbow”定位到对应的子标题下的段落，从第二句话开始，该段落介绍了彩虹在不
同文化中的语意。在希腊神话、斯堪的纳维亚神话中，都提到了“gods”或者“goddess”及其与人类的联系，并且在文化概念上瑞典和芬兰均属于斯堪的纳维亚，因此A、B、C 项排除。只有在中国传统中，彩虹象征着婚姻，没有提到神与人的联系，因此本题选D 项。
46.A 考点：细节题。根据“mistletoe”定位到对应子标题下的两个段落，其中的第一个段落最后一句提到“It was
often hung in doorw a ys a s a s ign of frie nds hip”也就是说，槲寄生悬挂在门口是友谊的象征，通过上文可知，这一传统来源于斯堪的纳维亚神话，属于北欧地区，因此本题选A 项。
47.D 考点：细节题。根据关键词“ankh”定位到原文最后一段。最后一段第二句中提到“It was found in many
As ian culture s, but i s generally a ss ociated w ith ancient Egypt”，可知，埃及被普遍认为与十字章的传统相联系，因此本题选D 项。最后一段首句提到十字章在20 世纪60 年代被嬉皮士运动采用，但这并不是其来源，因此
C 项不符合题意。“尼罗河”和“死后的世界”是和十字章相联系的一些意象，并不是其来源，因此排除A 项和B
项。
【全文翻译】
和平的概念在全世界所有文化中都很重要。想一想我们向他人问候的样子吧。在一些语言中，问候语包含了和平的字眼。在有些文化里，人们用握手或者做其他手势来表示问候，以显示我们没有携带武器——我们是为和平而来。不同文化的人们有各自独特的代表和平的象征，让我们来看看其中几个和平象征的起源。
鸽子
在许多不同的文化中，将鸽子作为和平及清白的象征已有数千年的历史。在古希腊神话中，它象征着爱及生命的重生。在古代日本，佩剑的鸽子则象征战争的结束。
在欧洲有一种传说：如果鸽子在临终者的屋子上空盘旋，则表示他们的灵魂将会得到安息。在一些民间传说里，恶魔可以将自己变成任何一种鸟，但鸽子除外。在基督教艺术中，鸽子被用作圣灵的象征，常常被画在耶稣头像的上方。
但使鸽子成为现代和平象征的人是毕加索，他于1949 年将鸽子画在了世界和平大会的海报上。
彩虹
彩虹是另外一种古老而普遍的符号，常常代表人类与众神之间的联系。在希腊神话中，彩虹与带来奥林匹亚山上众神旨意的女神伊利斯相联系。在斯堪的纳维亚神话中，彩虹是连接众神与凡间的桥梁。《圣经》中，一道彩虹向诺亚昭示，大洪水最终结束，上帝已经宽恕了他的子民。而在中国的传统中，彩虹常常象征着婚姻，因为这些颜色代表着阴阳合一。现在，在很多争取和平和保护环境的民众运动中，彩虹被用来代表未来更美好的世界的可能性，寓意风雨过后会有阳光。
槲寄生枝
这种植物在很多文化中都是神圣的，通常代表着和平及关爱。大多数人都知道圣诞节时在槲寄生枝下亲吻的传统，这个风俗可能来自斯堪的纳维亚神话。女神弗蕾娅的儿子被一支用槲寄生枝制成的箭杀死。于是，为了纪念他，女神宣布槲寄生枝将永远作为和平的象征。人们常将它挂在门道以表示友谊。
古代德鲁伊人相信在门口悬挂槲寄生枝可以保护你免受恶灵侵扰。如果发现一棵树上有槲寄生枝，部族间就会休战一段时间。但是，在基督教教堂是永远不会看到槲寄生的——因为它被认为与异教和迷信相联系而禁用。
橄榄枝
橄榄树历来都是食物和油的宝贵来源。在古希腊神话中，女神雅典娜将橄榄树送给雅典人，那里的人为了表示感谢，便以女神的名字来命名他们的城市。但无人确切知道在什么时候、或者是什么原因橄榄枝成了和平的象征，这有可能与古代希腊有关系。在奥运会期间，国家之间的战争会暂停，比赛获胜者会得到用橄榄树枝编成的桂冠。橄榄树的和平象征意义又或者是由于其结果的时间很长，这样，唯有在一个长期的和平环境，人们才能成功地培育橄榄树。不管是何种历史原因，橄榄枝当今是很多旗帜上图案的一部分，象征着和平及团结。其中一个众所周知的例子就是联合国的符号。
十字章
十字章是一个古老的符号，它在上世纪60 年代曾被嬉皮士运动用作和平与爱情的象征。这个符号在亚洲的很多文化里都可以见到，但人们通常把它与古代埃及联系起来，象征着生命及永生。古埃及人死后与十字章一起埋葬，他们相信这样就能在“阴间”继续生活。尼罗河孕育了两岸的民族，你会在沿岸地区见到这个符号，因为人们相信十字章能够控制水流量，确保河中总是有足够的水量。
PASSAGE THREE
Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiency and that you can punish them into good citizenship.
The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfare grants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. The second has us looking to the criminal justice system to cure behavior that is as much as anything the result of despair.
The welfare example is well known. We don't want poor people to live in squalor or their children to be
malnourished. But we also don‘t want to subsidize the indolence of people who are too lazy to work. The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. The second gets us to think about ―workforce‖.
We‘ve been thinking about it for two reasons: the ―na nny‖ problem s of t w o high-ranking government official s (w ho hired undocumented foreigners as household helpers, presumably because they couldn‘t find Americans to do the work) and President Clinton‘s proposal to put a two-year limit on welfare.
Maybe something useful will come of Clinton‘s idea, but I‘m not all that hopeful. It looks to me like one more example of trying to manipulate people into taking care of themselves.
On the criminal justice side, we hope to make punishment tough enough to discourage crime but not so tough as to clog our prisons with relatively minor offenders. Too short a sentence, we fear, will create contempt for the law. Too long a sentence will take up costly space better used for the violent and unremorseful.
N ot only can w e never find the ―perfect‖ punishment, our search for optimum penalties is complicated by our desire for fairness: to let the punishment fit the crime. The problem is that almost any punishment—even the disgrace of being charged with a crime—is sufficient to deter the middle class, while for members of the underclass, probation may be translated as ―I beat it.‖
So how can you use the system—welfare or criminal justice—to produce the behavior we want? The answer, I suspect is: You can‘t.
We keep trying to use welfare and prison to change people—to make them think and behave the way we do—when the truth is the incentives work only for those who already think the way we do: who view today‘s action with an eye on the future.
We will take lowly work (if that is all that‘s available) because we believe we can make bad jobs work for us. We avoid crime not because we are better people but because we see getting caught as a future-wrecking disaster. We are guided by a belief that good things will happen for us in the future if we take proper care of the present. Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives.
And we have trouble understanding that not everybody believes as we believe. The welfare rolls, the prisons and the mean streets of our cities are full of people who have given up on their future. Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense. Working hard in school, or pleasing a boss, or avoiding pregnancy makes no sense. The deadly disease is hopelessness. The lawlessness and poverty are only the obvious symptoms.
I‘m not advocating that we stop looking for incentives to move poor people toward self-sufficiency or that we stop punishing people for criminal behavior. There will always be some people who need help and some who deserve to be in jail.
All I‘m saying is that the long-term answer both to welfare and the crime that plagues our communities is not to fine tune the welfare and criminal justice systems but to prevent our children from getting the disease of despair.
If we encourage our young people to believe in the future, and give them solid evidence for believing we‘ll f ind both crime and poverty shrinking to manageable proportions.
48.What is the author‘s attitude towards Clinton‘s proposal to welfare?
A.Pessimistic.
B.Optimistic.
C.Suspicious.
D.Sarcastic.
49.It can be inferred from Para. 7 that optimum penalties are to the underclass.
A.hopeless
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f88217234.html,eless
C.frightening
D.humiliating
50.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f88217234.html,wlessness and Poverty.
B.Criminal Justice System.
C.Welfare Grants.
D.Disease of Despair.
【文章导读】
本文主要从我们社会中一直存在的两个机制：福利政策和刑事司法体系，来探讨社会上存在的贫穷和犯罪问题。文章最后得出结论，要长远地解决福利政策和困扰我们社会的犯罪行为，需要防止我们的孩子染上绝望这种疾病，要让他们相信，我们将会把犯罪和贫困减少到可控范围内。
【答案与解析】
48.A 考点：态度题。根据题干中关键词Clinton‘s proposal 定位到第四段。第四段最后一句提到“President Clinton‘s
proposal to put a t w o-year limit on w elfare”，作者在第五段接着对此进行评价，其中提到“I‘m not all that
hopeful”并且指出其只是另一个试图控制人们达到自力更生的例子。由此可知，作者的态度是消极的，因此选A 项。
49.B 考点：推断题。原文第七段第一句首先提到不可能存在完美的惩罚，并接着在第二句指出问题所在。由
该句中的“... while for members of the underclass, probation may be translated as“I beat it.”可知，对于下层民众来说，缓刑可能被解读为“我打败了法律。”也就是说法律对他们起的作用很少。因此选B 项。
50.D 考点：主旨题。本文首先提出了社会中的两个方面：福利政策和刑事司法体系，接着文章开始具体阐述
这两方面的具体内容，并且通过分析这两方面在社会中的局限，得出结论：我们不可能找到完美的福利政策和刑事司法体系，要从长远解决问题，必须防止我们的孩子染上绝望这种疾病。D 项符合本文主旨，因此选
D 项。B 项和C 项只提到了某一个方面，故排除。文中虽然提到了犯罪和贫困的问题，但这只是表层现
象，文章探讨这一现象下更加深层的原因或者解决方法，因此A 项不符合题意。
【全文翻译】
有两个方面几乎从未改变：你可以通过控制让人们自给自足，也可以通过惩罚使他们变成好公民。
第一个方面体现在我们不知疲倦地寻求一种神奇的状态，在这种状态下，我们能够得到的福利足够大，从而满足我们的基本需求，但又足够小以确保那些低收入的工作仍具有吸引力。第二个方面让我们寄希望于刑事司法体系，希望其来治疗任何因绝望而导致的行为。
福利方面的例子众所周知。我们不想让穷人生活在肮脏的环境中，也不想让他们的孩子营养不良。但我们也不愿补贴那些太懒而不想工作的人。第一个动因引导我们给有需求的家庭提供住房、食品救济券、医疗和现金津贴。第二个动因让我们思考“劳动力”。
我们一直在思考这个问题，原因有两个：两个高层政府官员的“保姆”问题（他们雇用非法入境的外国人作为
，以及克林顿总统提议的关于福利方面的两年期限。克家庭佣工，想必也是因为他们找不到美国人来做此工作）
林顿的想法或许会激发出一些有用的东西，但我不抱太大希望。在我看来，这只是另一个试图控制人们达到自力更生的例子。
在刑事司法方面，我们希望惩罚足够严厉以阻止犯罪，但又不希望太过严厉以至于把那些只犯了相对较小的错误的人投进监狱。判刑太短，我们担心会导致蔑视法律。判刑太长又会占用昂贵的空间，这些空间最好是用于惩罚那些暴力的、不知悔改的人。
我们不仅永远不会找到“完美”的惩罚，而且这一寻求过程还会因为我们对公平的渴望——希望罪罚相当——而变得复杂。问题是，几乎所有的惩罚——甚至包括那种被指控为罪犯的耻辱感——都足以阻止中产阶级犯罪，而对于下层民众来说，缓刑可能被解读为“我打败了法律。”
所以，如何能够使福利制度或刑事司法来产生我们想要的行为呢？我怀疑答案是：你不能。
我们一直试图利用福利和监狱改变人们——让他们按照我们的方式思考与行事——而事实是，这种激励只对那些思维方式已经和我们相同的人有用，他们用着眼于未来的视角看待当下的行为。
，因为我们相信我们能让卑微的工作为我们服务。我我们将会从事卑微的工作（如果那是所有我们能找到的）
们避免犯罪，不是因为我们是更好的人，而是因为我们将被发现视作摧毁未来的灾难。有一种信念指引着我们，即如果我们当下的行为适当，那么在将来会有好的事情发生在我们身上。即使在最糟糕的情况下，我们仍相信我们可以掌控自己的生活。
我们很难理解，并不是所有人都相信我们所相信的。福利救济人员名册上、监狱里以及城市中的贫民街上，到处都是已经放弃了自己未来的人。如果对未来不怀希望，努力做一份低收入的工作、在学校努力学习、取悦老板，或避孕都没有任何意义。致命的疾病是绝望的。目无法纪和贫穷只是其最明显的症状。
我不是鼓吹停止寻求激励措施以使穷人走向自给自足，或者停止惩罚犯罪。总会有一些人需要帮助，也总会有一些人应该进监狱。
我想说的是，要长远地解决福利政策和困扰我们社会的犯罪行为，答案不是微调福利和刑事法律体系，而是要防止我们的孩子染上绝望这种疾病。
如果我们鼓励年轻人相信未来，并给予他们可以相信的确凿证据，我们将会发现犯罪和贫困可以被减少到可
控范围内。
SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
In this section there are five short-answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
PASSAGE ONE
51.In Para.4, what does the man mean by saying ―I had to bear my trouble‖?
52.What can be inferred from the last sentence of the passage?
【答案与解析】
51.I had to endure hunger and try not to eat.
(考点：语义题。第四段最后一句提到，“I could hardly keep my w it s together in the pre s ence of that food, but a s I w a s not a s ked to s ample it, I had to bear my trouble a s be s t a s I could.”根据上文可知，“我”当时正处在非常饥饿的状态，所以当看到面前的食物却没有被邀请品尝时，只好努力忍住饥饿不去吃面前的食物，这也是文章中的“bear my trouble”的含义。)
52.I was chosen to try out the million-pound note.
(推断题。最后一句提到“I finally became the pick of them”，根据上文可知，两个兄弟在选择合适的人来试用一张百万大钞。由此可知，最后一句话是想说，“我”被这两个富人选中来试用那张百万大钞。)
PASSAGE TWO
53.Why does the UN use the olive branch in its symbol?
【答案】Because it symbolizes peace and unity in modern culture.
【解析】考点：推断题。根据题干中的“olive branch”定位到对应子标题下的段落。该段落最后两句，其中提到“橄榄枝当今是很多旗帜上图案的一部分，象征着和平及团结。其中一个众所周知的例子就是联合国的符号。”由此可知，联合国采用橄榄枝标志是因为其代表了和平和团结。
PASSAGE THREE
54.According to the author, what balance should we keep in welfare?
55.What does the author mean by saying ―Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of
our lives‖ (Para. 10)?
【答案与解析】
54.To make basic needs meet and low-paid work attractive.
(考点：细节题。原文第二段第一句提到“The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfare grants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low -paid work attractive”可知福利方面应该达到的平衡状态是既能满足基本需求，又能使得低收入的工作具有吸引力。)
55.Even taking low-paid jobs, we have hope for the future.
(考点：推断题。第十段最后一句提到“Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives”联系本段语境可知，这里最糟糕的情况指的是当我们不得不从事最卑微的工作时，而根据本段倒数第二句中提到的“有一种信念指引着我们，即如果我们当下的行为适当，那么在将来会有好的事情发生在我们身上”，可推断最后一句中“w e are in control of our live s”指的是对未来怀有希望。)
PART Ⅵ WRITING [45 MIN]
Read carefully the following excerpt on term-time holiday arguments in the UK, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:
?summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
?comment on whether parents should take children out of school for holiday during term time in order to save
money.
You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Term-time holidays will be banned
Parents are to be banned by Michael Gove, UK‘s Education Secretary, from taking their children out of school to save money on holidays.
He is to abolish the right of head teachers to ―authorise absence‖ from the classroom, which has been used to let families take term-time breaks, and will warn them they face fines for their children not being at school.
―Any time out of school has the potential to damage a child‘s education,‖ a senior source at the Department for Education said this weekend. ―That is why the government will end the distinction between authorised and unauthori s e d absence.‖
―This is part of the government‘s wider commitment to bring down truancy levels in our schools. There will also be stricter penalties for parents and schools.‘‘
The tough measures on truancy are part of a wider attempt by Mr. Gove to make education more academically rigorous and to tackle a culture in the educational establishment which he believes has accepted ―excuses for failure‖.
Russell Hobby, the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, said the measure would discourage parents from trying to put pressure on heads to sanction term time holidays. ―The high cost of holidays outside of term time is still an issue but ultimately a child‘s education is more important than a holiday,‖ he said.
Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
【审题构思】
本题要求讨论家长为了省钱而在学校上学期间带孩子外出旅行的做法，根据材料可知，英国将出台政策对这类行为进行禁止，认为学生的学习是最重要的。行文时应该首先对材料内容进行总结，然后发表自己的看法，如果认为父母可以在学校上课期间带小孩出去旅行，那么应该着重讲旅行的好处，或者指明旅行和教育并不冲突等等。而如果对这种做法持反对态度，则应该强调教育的重要性，指明这一行为对孩子的学习、对学校工作等产生负面影响。
【参考范文】
Term-time Holidays Should Be Banned
(1) A ccording to the excerpt, UK, in order to bring down the s chool truancy①level s, w ill ban term-time holida ys. The cheaper cost is the main reason why parents want the (2) family holiday during the term time, but the general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers thinks that education is more important any way.
(3) As far a s I am concerned, education is more important, and parents shouldn‘t jeopardize②their
children‘s
education and take their children out for holiday during term time. (4) First, for parents, they should set a good example, realizing that education comes first. Just imagine, if you, as a parent, can (5) ask for a leave for your kids just for a cheaper holiday, how can you require your children to understand the importance of schooling and studying? Education is so important for children‘s growth and development that parents, instead, should encourage their children to follow the school schedule. (6) Second, for the children, to take a holiday during term time means that they should spend more time later to catch up with other students, which will in result ③ lead to more study burden. (7) Thirdly, school is an educational i ns titution w hich operate s w ell only if all s tudent s can foll ow it s rule s and their parent s can cooperate④w ith the teacher s and the s chool. Taking a child out of s chool during s chool s e ss ion⑤w ill di s turb the work of the s chool and
finally influence the whole education system.
(8) A ll in all, taking children out of s chool during term time j us t for the s ake of⑥ a cheaper holiday i s an irresponsible behavior and should be banned.
【行文点评】
（1）第一段总结材料内容，英国政府将禁止家长在学校上课期间带小孩出去旅行。
（2）family holiday 家庭假期。
（3）通过“As far as I am concerned”表明自己的观点：父母不应该在上课期间带孩子出去旅游。
（4）从父母的角度出发，指明该行为会影响孩子学习的态度。
（5）ask for a leave 请假。
（6）从孩子的角度出发，表明该行为会加重孩子的学习负担。
（7）从学校的工作开展出发，说明该行为给教育工作带来的影响。
（8）最后一段重申观点，指出父母为了省钱，在学校上课期间带孩子出去旅游是一种不负责任的表现。
【闪光词汇】
①truancy [] n. 旷课，逃学
②jeopardize [] vt. 危害，危及
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案 Part ⅡListening Comprehension （听力部分共有两套） 四级第一套 Section A 1. C) Rising unemployment worldwide. 2. A) Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs. 3. B) Put calorie information on the menu. 4. A) They will be fined.C) They will get a warning. 5. D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business. 6. B) It is the creation of something new. 7. C) Its innovation culture. Section B 8. D) He does not talk long on the phone. 9. B) Talk at length. 10. A) He thought it was cool. 11. C) It is childish and unprofessional. 12. B) He is unhappy with his department manager. 13. A) His workload was much too heavy. 14. C) His boss has a lot of trust in him. 15. D) Talk to his boss in person first. Section C 16. A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life. 17. C) They get less and less sleep. 18. D) Their blood pressure will rise. 19. B) What course you are going to choose. 20. D) The personal statement. 21. C) Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject. 22. B) It was built in the late 19th century. 23. D) They often broke down. 24. A) They were produced on the assembly line. 25. C) It marked a new era in motor travel. 四级第二套
2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案 (第一套) Part I Writing (25 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) The man in the car was absent-minded. B) The test driver made a wrong judgement. C) The self-driving system was faulty. D) The car was moving at a fast speed. 2. A) They have done better than conventional cars. B) They have caused several severe crashes. C) They have posed a threat to other drivers. D) They have generally done quite well. Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 3. A) He works at a national park. B) He is a queen been specialist. C) He removed the beyond from the boot.
阅读答案 Section A 选词填空(卷1) 26. E constructed 27. O undertaken 28. F consulted 29. M range 30. N scale 31. I eventually 32. K necessarily 33. L production 34. A cheaper 35. J height Section B 段落信息匹配卷1 36—K 37—D 38—M 39—G 40—B 41—L 42—H 43—F 44—J 45—C Section C 仔细阅读 Passage one 46. A. Seneca's thinking is still applicable today 问题：What are researchers rediscovering through their studies 解析：问题题干中的“researchers”和“today”是解题的关键，对应到文中第一段的“Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date”。选项中“Seneca’s thinking “ 对应到“this ancient wisdom” ，而“still applicable”对应到“bring…up-to-date”,故答案为A。 47.B. It is a teaching tool under development 问题：What do we learn about “Betty’s Brain”？ 解析：根据“Betty’s Brian”定位，定位到第三段，而该段的段首便强调“ But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “teaching agent” “ ,意味着整段文字要叙述的主要是和“ tool “有关的信息，且选项中的”under development”和原文信息重合，故答案为B。 48 C. It helps them learn their academic subjects better.
2016年12月英语四级真题（第一套） Part I Writing (30minutes) （请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试） Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay .Suppose you are two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard. 1. A) It was going to be renovated. C) It was dangerous to live in. B) He could no longer pay the rent. D) He had sold it to the royal family. 2. A) A storm. C) A forest fire. B) A strike. D) A Terrorist attack. Questions 3and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department. B) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks. C) They sent calls for help via a portable radio. D) They were trapped in an underground elevator. 4. A) They provided the miner with food and water. B) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm. C) They released the details of the accident. D) They tried hard to repair the accident. Question5 to7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Raise postage rates. C) Close some of its post offices. B) Improve its services. D) Redesign delivery routes. 6. A) Closing offices on holidays. C) Computerizing mail sorting processes. B) Shortening business hours. D) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.
2016年12月英语四级真题及答案详解和听力原文第二套 2016年12月英语四级真题第二套 Part I Writing (30minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to work in a state-owned business and the other in a joint venture. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes ) Section A Directions： In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard . 1. A) It was dangerous to live in. C) He could no longer pay the rent. B) It was going to be renovated. D) He had sold it to the royal family. 2. A) A strike. B)A storm. C) A forest fire. D) A Terrorist attack. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard . 3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department. B) They were trapped in an underground elevator. C) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks. D) They sent calls for help via a portable radio. 4. A) They tried hard to repair the accident. B) They released the details of the accident. C) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm. D) They provided the miner with food and water. Question s 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard . 5. A) Raise postage rates. C) Redesign delivery routes. B) Improve its services. D) Close some of its post offices. 6. A) Shortening business hours. C) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays. B) Closing offices on holidays. D) Computerizing mail sorting processes. 7. A) Many post office staff will lose their jobs. C) Taxpayers will be very pleased. B) Many people will begin to complain. D) A lot of controversy will arise. Section B Directions： In this section，you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(绝对完整） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. How Do You See Diversity? As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. “It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes. “I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.” Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions . Hire Advantage At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第3套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. R ead the passage t hrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once． Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague?D elivered a 26to a subordinate (下属) with a voice-mail message? Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person? The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27and productivity---and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the 28when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news one that’s best --- 29business communication consultants and etiquette for the recipient? We’ve (礼仪) experts to come up with the following guidelines for 30using the alterative ways of delivering difficult messages. First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 .Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 32is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you’ve got to deliver? “My 34concern is: How can I soften or civilize this says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when I apologize, I usually message?” choose in-person first, or a phone conversation as my top alternative, and maybe a
2016年12月英语四级真题及答案第三套 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to work in a state-owned business and the other in a joint venture.You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) To satisfy the curiosity of tourists. B) To replace two old stone bridges. C) To enable tourists to visit Goat Island. D) To improve utility services in the state. 2. A) Countless tree limbs. B) A few skeletons. C) Lots of wrecked boats and ships. D) Millions of coins on the bottom. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) It suspended diplomatic relations with Libya. B) It urged tourists to leave Tunisia immediately.
2016年大学英语四级真题(第三套)完美Word打印版
2016年6月四级考试真题(第三套) Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) Directions：For this part,you are all owed 30 minutes to write a l etter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering coll ege.You shoul d write at l east 120 words but no more than 180 words． Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 说明：2016年6月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。 Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks．You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage．Read the passage through carefully before making your choices．Each choice in the bank is identified by a l etter．Pl ease mark the corresponding l etter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a singl e line through the centre．You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once． Physical activity does the body good，and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too．Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise，whether at school or on their own．26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests．In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28，investigators found that the more children moved．the better their grades were in school，29 in the basic subjects of math，English and reading． The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets．The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time．With standardized test scores in the U．S．31 in recent years，some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground．But as these findings show,exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive．Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain，fueling memory,attention and creativity,which are34 to learning．And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress，which can also help learning．So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they，re running around，they may actually be exercising their brains as well． A．attendance B．consequently C．current D．depressing E．dropping F．essential G．feasible H．flow I．mood J．mutually K．particularly L．performance M．review N．survive O．tend Section B Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it．Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a l etter．Answer the questions by marking the corresponding l etter on Answer Sheet 2． Finding the Right Home—and Contentment，Too A．When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long．term care facility-a moment few parents or
精品文档 2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（完整版） 来源：文都教育 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why? 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. A) See a doctor about her strained shoulder. B) Use a ladder to help her reach the tea. C) Replace the cupboard with a new one. D) Place the tea on a lower shelf next time. 2. A) At Mary Johnson's. C) In an exhibition hall. B) At a painter's studio. D) Outside an art gallery. 3. A) The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience. B) She does not quite agree with what the man said. C) The man had better talk with the students himself. D) New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation. 4. A) He helped Doris build up the furniture. B) Doris helped him arrange the furniture.