初中英语总复习资料精品讲义
八种动词时态，有的只要求达到理解层次，有的则要求达到熟练运用层次。至少其中 五种时态包括过去进行时是要求达到熟练运用层次的，而且其考查方式肯定不会以某一时态 的独立形式出现，而是时态的综合运用，尤其要重视各种时态之间的区别。
找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法 ? 现以冠词为例：
I. ___________________ Joh n was give n _________________ orange bag for his birthday but ____________________ bag was lost just now. A.a n,a
B.a,the
C.the,a
D.an ,the
2. _____________ There's ___________ old tree n ear house. A.a,a n B.a n,the C.a,the
D.the,a
3. ________ There is __________________ 800-metre-l ong road beh ind ____ hospital.A.a n,an
4. ______ g ood,ki nd girl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How a
D.How a
6. ______ they are liste ning to the teacher!
主谓语一致、动词和介词的搭配、近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情态动词的使用等，无 不在考查之列。 所有这一切语言基础知识， 我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析， 展开讨论,
分层展示难易对比，系统归纳。
对于语言基础知识是这样处理，那么对以能力测试为主要
目的的中考其他试题形式又该怎么办呢？
这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例：
A poor farmer had never left his small village.After he(1) a lot of money,he decided to spend a holiday in an expensive hotel( 旅馆)in a bigtown.(2)lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant(餐馆)of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter( 服务员)(4)him to the table,took his order and went away.When he turned and (5)the farmer again,he had a (6)!The farmer had tied(系)his table cloth round his (7).
The head waiter told ano ther waiter to go to the farmer and (8) him that people (9) do such a
B.a,a
C.a n, the
D.a,the
5. _______ bad weather!I hope it won't last long.
A.How
B.What
C.What a
A.How careful
B.What careful
C.How carefully
D.What carefully
由上例题我们可以发现冠词和感叹句是必考内容。 同样，象宾语从句的语序、代词的格、
thing in his restaurant.So the waiter went tothe farmer and said in a (10) voice(声音),"Good
morni ng,sir.Would you like a haircut?"
1.A.le nt B.made C.paid D.gave
2.A.Duri ng B.Though C.When D.Because
3.A.for B.with C.o n D.in
4.A.wa nted B.put C.showed D.brought
5.A.looked at B.watched C.saw D.fou nd
6.A.look B.rest C.table cloth D.surprise
7.A.arm B.neck C.hand D.head
8.A.ask B.tell C.taught D.told
9.A.ca n't B.do n't C.wo n't D.must n't
10.A.frie ndly B.tired C.sad D.ter
要求考生从所给的选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，结构完整。对此，考生必须
通篇考虑，不能拿来就做，那样必然顾此失彼，前后意思不得连贯。目前的中考完型还侧重于语法，这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文的要求来推断理解。
在解这类题时，必须掌握“词感现象”，注意学会区分“干扰项”。所谓词感，“ the sense
of word"是指一种对词或词群的感受能力。对词的感受力强，在解题时会较为容易地找到它与情景的关系。词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的细微差异，也并不注重词的搭配与组合，它较多地强调选用恰当的词，以利于对情景作出合乎逻辑的判断。同时也就把其它三个作为干扰项的选择项排除掉了。最后复读一篇全文，就会语感流畅，句意明确。
这儿举例的目的是想说明，我从一个较高的立意来对中考题型，特别是完形、阅读等，进行分析、探讨，借以使同学们获得较为完整的解题思路和解题方法。
词汇（一）
这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面。
一、名词关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。
单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an,而不是a
1. 复数的构成方法：⑴一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog--dogs。
（2）以s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词加es,如：watch--watches。
⑶以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es, 女口：country--countries。
请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s。女口：monkey--monkeys。
⑷以o结尾的名词，只有potato（土豆）,tomato（西红柿）加es构成复数。
⑸以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es,女口：knife--knives 。
2. 单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheep, fish--fish Chinese--Chinese, Japanese--Japanese
3. 特殊变化的单词有：（1）tooth--teeth , foot--feeth
（2）man--men , woman--women , policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen 请区别：Germa n（德国人）—Germa ns （3）child —childre n
4. 常以复数形式出现的名词：people （人）,clothes（衣服），trousers（裤子）glasses眼镜），这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。女口：My clothes are （be） newer than yours.
5. 有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。女口：
news（消息），maths（数学）,physics（物理） No news is good news.
6. 可用how many , many, a few, few , a lot of, lots of, some, any 等来修饰可数名词复数。How many are there in your pen cil-box?（k nife）
不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有：water, rice , fish , meat,等。应特别记medici ne,n ews,work,homework,housework,m on ey,chalk,weather,cott on, wood.
2. 不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Some bread ________ over there.（be）
3. 常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any 等来修饰不可数名词。
4. 常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达"两片面包”这样的意义，bread
仍为不可数名词，不加s,而piece则可加s。即：twopiecesof bread
请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，女口：三箱苹果three boxes of apples
例: 1、These two pieces of bread ___________ over there.（be）
2、Could I have three ___________ ,please ？
A.piece of bread
B.piece of breads
C.pieces of bread
D.pieces of breads
名词的格名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加" ’s”。女口：Tom T Tom's译为"…的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加""’即可。如：Teachers'Day , twoweeks'holiday ,
而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加's。如：Children's Day
关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点：
1. 可用名词所有格表示地点。女口：my aunt's我姑姑家。go to the doctor's去医生家。
2?表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加's 女口：Lucy and Lily's露西和莉莉的
3. 掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩a friend of mine我的一个朋友
eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate,my B.Kate's,mine C.Kate,mine
D.Kate's,my
二、冠词
冠词是词汇中的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，归纳起来，同学们应该掌握以下几点： 1.冠词指不定冠词a,an和定冠词the
2. 不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：
an hour,an English car.请区别：a useful mach ine
3. 指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the
4. 在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun,the moon,the earth
5. 定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：the first,the best ,in the
south
6. 在复数姓氏前加the,表示xx一家人，常看成复数。
如: The Brow ns are going to Shan ghai for a holiday this summer.
7. 在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behi nd the chair
8. 特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：
(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer」n August
请区别：in the spring of 1945.(这里表示特指，故加the)
⑵一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。女口：have breakfast ,play football
(3) 一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.
9. 在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：
in the fro nt of在…范围内的前部in hospital (生病)住院
练习：There's _______ 800-metre-long road behind ________ hospital.
A.a n,a n
B.a, a
C.a n, the
D.a, the
三、数词
同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词，以及与数词有关的钟点表达法。对数词的
考查，中考常采用单选题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地
方。
1?基数词变序数词。其规律为：
1,2,3 特殊记，加th 从4 起(first,second,third,fourth)
8 少t，9 去e,千万别忘记(eighth,ninth) 逢5 逢12，ve 变f (fifth,twelfth)
20到90，y要变ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是几十几，前基后序别倒位(ninety-first)
2. hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式。女口：five hundred people.只
有在表达笼统的多数时才加s，构成复数形式。
hundreds of数以百计的，成百上千的thousands of数以千计的，成千上万的
millions of数百万的这些词组前不能用具体数字。
3. 序数词常与定冠词the连用。
练习:① Henry has learned eight ________ French words this year.
A.hun dred
B.hu ndreds
C.hu ndred of
D.hu ndreds of
②The _______ less on is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twe nty)
另外，同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法。
顺读法(钟点 + 分钟)女口：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five
4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟+ to/past+钟点)女口：4:30 half past four
4:15 fifteen past four / a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five / a quarter to five
练习题：
1. At the beginning of the ___ (twenty) century,the world's population was about 1700 million.
2. Are these ___ (watch)yours? Yes.
3. You don't look well.You'd better go to the ____ (doctor) at on ce.
4. Would you give me ______ ,please?
A.two papers
B.two piece of paper
C.two pieces of paper
D.two pieces of papers
5. There are three ___ and seven ____ i n the picture.
A.m on keys,sheeps
B.mon keys,sheep
C.mon kies,sheep
D.mon kies,sheeps
6. A lot of __ are talk ing with two _____ .
A.Germa ns,Fre nchma ns
B.Germe n,Fren chma ns
C.Germa n, Fren chme n
D.Germa ns,Fre nchme n
7. June 1 is __. A.the Children's Day B.the Childrens' Day C.Children's Day D.Childrens' Day
8. _______ people went out to see what had happe ned.
A.Thousa nds of
B.Three thousa nd of
C.Thousa nd of
D.Three thousa nds
9. We have bee n in the school for ___ .
A.three and a half month
B.three and a half mon ths
C.three month and a half
D.three mon ths and half
10. ______ English is ____________ useful Ianguage. A.A, an B./, a C.The, an
D. A, /
11. __________________ Joh n was give n ________________ orange bag for his birthday but
_____________________ bag was lost just now.
A.a n,a
B.a,the
C.the,a
D.an ,the
12. There's _______ old tree n ear _______ house. A.a,a n B.a n,the C.a,the D.the,a
13. There is ________ 800-metre-long road behind ___________ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a
C.an ,the
D.a,the
四.代词
①人称代词：主格：单数I、you、he、she、it 复数we、you、they
宾格: 单数me、you、him、her、it 复数us、you、them
非谓语动词 概述：英语中有三种非谓语动词形式，即动词不定式（to do）、动词-ing和过去分词-ed。 动词不定式 动词不定式是由不定式符号to后接动词原形构成，也有个别情况不带to，只用动词原形。不定式可以行使名词、形容词和副词的功能。 一、不定式充当的句子成分 1．做主语：To dance is a lot of fun. = It is a lot of fun to dance. 跳舞非常有趣。 2．做宾语：You must learn to forgive. 必须学会原谅他人。 3．做表语：To choose time is to save time. 4．做宾补：She asked me to speak more loudly. 5．做状语： (1) 表目的：I went to the park to breathe the fresh air. 我去公园（为了）呼吸新鲜空气。 (2) 表原因：I am sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉给你添麻烦。 6．做后置定语： There is no time to lose. 时间不可拖延。 Give me something hot to drink. 给我一些热的东西喝。 注意： 不及物动词后面的介词：They have a lot of things to talk about. He is looking for a room to live in. 二、不定式的几个主要句型 1．Ask / tell sb. (not) to do sth. I asked him to open the window. (= I said to him, “Open the window.”) 不定式的否定式：not+不定式: My father told me not to be late. (= My father said to me, “Don’t be late.”) 2．疑问词+不定式 不定式与疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中担当主语、宾语、表语等。 What to do is a big problem. I know how to solve the problem. Can you tell me which way to go? 3．省去to的不定式 (1) 感官动词之后作宾语补足语。表示动作的全部过程 Every bird loves to hear himself sing. 每只鸟都喜欢听自己鸣唱。 (2) 使役动词之后作宾语补足语：相关的使役动词为let, make和have The boss made them work the whole night. 老板迫使他们工作了一整夜。 注意：被动语态中，to不能省略。 They were made to work the whole night.
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
【初中英语】副词专项练习 一、初中英语副词 1．Skimming is a kind of reading strategy. It means reading an article ______ to find the main idea without reading every word. A. quickly B. carefully C. clearly 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】略读是一种阅读技巧，它是指迅速地读课文去获得主要意思而不读每一个单词。根据without reading every word 可知应读得快。A. quickly迅速地；B. carefully认真地；C. clearly清晰地；B和C选项不符合句意的表达，根据语境及用法可知应选A。 【点评】副词的辨析一般侧重的是意义而不是用法，故只关注用法搭配是不科学的。 2． Alex did the project on community service ______ better than his classmates. A. so B. very C. too D. much 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意:亚历克斯做的关干社区服务的计划比他的同班同学做的好的多。so 如此，very 非常，too 太，用来修饰形容词或副词的原级;a lot,a little,much,far等用来修饰比较级，说明比较的程度。结合句意，故选D。 3．Write it possible and try not to make nay mistakes. A. as careful as B. as carefully as C. more careful D. less careful 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】本题考查形容词、副词及其固定短语的用法。句意：尽可能地仔细写，尽量别出错，固定短语as...as possible尽可能……,副词修饰动词，所以选B。 4．—Have you seen the hot film Wandering Earth ________? —Yes, I have. ________ wonderful science fiction movie it is! A. yet; How a B. already; How C. yet; What a D. already; What 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你曾经看过电影《流浪地球》吗？——是的，我已经看过了。它是一个多么好的科幻小说电影啊！yet用在现在完成时的疑问句或者否定句，already 用在肯定句，句子是一般疑问句，所以用yet。what引导的感叹句结构是What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！how引导的感叹句结构是How+形容词或者副词+主语+谓
初中英语语法综合练习题单项选择 1、The boy likes________questions. A．a s k B．a n s w e r C．t o a s k 2、We'll try________there on time. A．to get B．getting C．got 3、They hoped________their mother soon. A．to see B．saw C．seeing 4、I'm glad________you again. A．meet B．met C．to meet 5、He often helps me_________my bike. A．mending B．to mend C．to mended 6、I heard Alice __________in the next door. A．sings B．sang C．sing 7、The work is easy. Let him ______________it by himself. A．do B．to do C．doing 8、He saw Dick___________in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 9、Does Jack want___________ a writer? A．be B．is C．to be 10、The boss had them___________from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work 11、It's time___________home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like___________you. A．to help B．help C．helped 13、Don't forget___________your books to school. A．bring B．to bring C．brought 14、I don't know___________ . A．where does he live B．what is he doing C．where he lives D．what he is dring it 15、Ask him how much___________ . A．did it cost B．cost it C．it costed D．it costs 16、I wonder___________used for. A．what was this room B．which was this room C．what this room was D．that this room was 17、I really don't know___________ . A．where he was born B．where he is born C．where was he born D．where is he born 18、We have no idea___________ . A．how worried was he B．how worried he was C．that was he worried D．what was he worried 19、He wanted to know___________there. A．how long time I had been B．how long had I been C．how long I had been D．how long I was 20、My mother wants to know___________ . A．how is Tom getting along B．how he is getting along C．what is he getting along D．what he is getting along 21、What shall we do___________it rains tomorrow? A．if B．when C．since 22、The doctor didn't have a rest ___________the operation was over.
学习英语的重要性是众所周知的，从长远的角度来讲，学好英语可以多掌握一门语言，这可以使你多学多知、开阔眼界，可以使你同更多的人交流，使你在今后的生活中有更多的机会等等；从短期目标来讲，学好英语可以使你的考试成绩比其它人更高，可以使你拿到重要的证件，使你获得你想要的入场券等等。 有的同学会说：“这些我都懂，可是我的英语就是学不好，我也花了好多时间在英语上，我的单词就是记不住，做题就是会错；学好英语要长时间的积累，我就剩下几个月就要考试了，我准备放弃英语把时间放在其它科目的提高上来。”在我遇到的学生中的确存在报有这种想法的学生，甚至学生家长也说：“我当年就是外语不好，这孩子像我。” 从一名英语教师的角度来讲，我不同意这种说法。的确，“某些人”是有学语言的天分，但这不能做为把自己当作“另一些人”的借口。我认为任何人都不是天生的学者，大家都有一个学习的过程，就看谁更能有效地利用有限的时间。大家回忆一下你身边的“好学生”们，他们和你在同一间教室中学习，并没有看到他们熬夜，也没有见到他们把头发吊在房梁上，或者用锥子扎大腿，可是他们的成绩就是好。主要原因概括为两点：一、他们比你更投入。他们在看书时心理想的就是书中的内容；你在看书时可能在想今晚6点半有个动画片，我怎样才能骗过妈妈的监视看电视。二、他们比你有更好的学习方法，这不仅限英语，其它科目也是一样。或者说，他们懂得运用学习的技巧，这是你所欠缺的。只要你能突破这两点，那么学习将不再是难事，英语也可以很有趣。一句话，学习高效率。 我的词汇班的学生是年龄分布很广的，有初中准备升高中的，有准备考大学的，有成人要考英语的，还有评职称要求英语分数的等等。这些人大都是对英语很头痛，尤其是对英语单词的记忆更是当作敌人来看待。但是当他们坚持学习了一段时间以后，就对英语产生的很强的兴趣，原因是他们在老师的引导下，找到了学习英语的方法，有了好的方法就会看到自己的进步，看到进步就会产生兴趣，有了兴趣就会主动的学习，这是一个良好的正反馈循环。我曾经对同学们说，一个月的时间可以使你掌握学英语的方法，使你对英语产生兴趣；三个月的时间就算不能使你的英语有质的飞跃，也会使你的英语考试成绩显著提高；这就是方法技巧的重要性。 下面我通过一些例子来说明一下英语词汇和语法学习中的方法技巧。 一、英语学习的注意事项 1. 学习目标 目标是行动的方向指引和动力来源，是照亮你前进路上的一盏明灯。人生要有目标，赚钱要有目标，谈恋爱要有目标，学习更要有目标。比如，告诉自己一定要在3个月后英语提高多少分，达到多少分，或者半年后考试成绩排到班级前3名，年级前10名等等。这里有一个真实的例子：一名准备高考的学生，他的目标就是复旦大学，在考前1个月，他突发奇想地把自己的一支鞋邮寄到了复旦大学，并告诉自己，我一支脚已经在复旦了，我要努力让另一支脚也进去。然后努力准备，终于如愿以偿。我并不是说大家考试前都去邮寄鞋，而是说要有前进的目标和必胜的信念。 2. 计划性 这里所说的计划性是对自己而言的。就是说要和自己比，订的目标和学习计划要和自己当前的学习状况相当。不要看别人又背了几百单词，那怕自己今天比昨天只多背了3个单词，这也是自己的进步。要善于管理自己的时间。时间对于每个人都是公平的，要有效地利用时间。要保持单纯的学习心境，不要胡思
初中英语语法大全 最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/f85966964.html, 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at nigh t I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
讲义3 ：形容词 一、形容词的定义： 表示人或事物的属性,特征或状态的词叫形容词(Adjective).形容词修饰名词,它的基本用法就是为名词提供更多的信息,它分为性质形容词和叙述形容词两类. 二、形容词的位置 1、单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面，做定语。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。 例如:a red flower一朵红花this interesting story这个有趣的故事 six blind men 六个盲人my own house我自己的房子 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 例如：I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. 三、形容词和副词的等级变化 大多数形容词和副词有三个级：原级（即原形）、比较级和最高级。 1 一般在词末尾加er变比较级，加est变最高级。 strong —stronger -strongest small--smaller--smallest hard→harder →hardest fast→faster →fastest 。st或r 结尾，只加e如果以2 nice--nicer--nicest fine--finer--finest
3 以重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est。 sad--sadder-- saddest big--bigger--biggest hot--hotter --hottest 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，把y变成i，再加er或est。 angry--angrier-angriest early→earlier →earliest hungry-hungrier-hungriest 5、但是，开放类副词即形容词加ly结尾变成的副词加more或most.如 quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly slowly—more slowly—most slowly ［注］：early中的ly不是后缀，故把y变i再加er和est 6、大部分双音节和所有多音节词都在其前面加more变比较级，加most变最高级 different -more different -most different beautiful--more beautiful--the most beautiful expensive--more expensive--the most expensive 但是，以形容前缀un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy,untidy，我们可以说：unhappier→unhappiest,
代词 ①单项选择。（人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和疑问代词） 1. ____ is she? She's a nurse. A. Who B. Where C. Which D. What 2. ____ is Tom like? Oh, he's short. A. Which B. Who C. What D. Whom 3. ____ cap is that? A. Who's B. Who C. Whose D. Where 4. ____ is no use telling him about that. A. This B. That C. These D. It 5. The three men, Bob, Joe and ____ met at the station. A. I B. me C. her D. you 6. ____ have been to Paris. A. I, you and he B. He, you and I C. You, he and I D. You, he and me 7. My brother is so young that he can't take care of ____ . A. him B. herself C. himself D. his 8. The young teacher teaches ____ politics. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourself 9. Our work is not so good as ____ . A. him B. he C. his D. he's 10. Has Jack got the money? Yes, I gave ____ yesterday. A .to him them B. to him if C. him them D. it to him 11. How hard ____ works! A. we B .him C. he D. his 12. Won't you let ____ help you? A. I and my friend B. my friend and I C. my friend and me D. my friend and I to 13. He asked the three men, Bob, Joe and ____ to be ready. A. I B. himself C. me D. herself 14. All my classmates are going to the Summer Palace except ____ . A. he and I B. he and me C. him and I D. him and me 15. Go ____ to ____! A. here, us B. there, they C. there, them D. here, we 16. The moon is shining brightly tonight .____ is like a round plate. A. Its B. He C. She D. They 17. He is as tall as ____ . A. she B. her C. him D. himself 18. If I were ____ , I would take the advice. A. she B. her C. he D. his 19. Open the door. please? It's ____ . A. I B. my C. mine D. me
一、定语从句的概念什么是定语从句？ 例: A rich person is not the one who has the most, but is the one who needs the least. 用来修饰前面的名词或者代词的具有完整的主谓结构的句子就叫着定语从句。有两个必备的基本元素。一个是先行词；一个是关系词。 1.名词或代词做先行词。 例：He laughs best who laughs last. 2.短语做先行词。Many of life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. 3.用句子做先行词。The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.(非限制性定语从句) I am a student which you all know. 当先行词与关系词被割裂时是如何表现的。如：Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might -- surprise! -- fall off. 找先行词的方法。反证法。把它带进去。哪一个是通顺的，哪一个就是先行词。 1.翻译定语从句。 2.结合先行词的结构特点和位置特征在关系词之前寻找与定语从句的意思的有逻辑 关系相符合的词。 二、定语从句里面的关系代词的用法。 1.常用的关系代词：which, that, who, whom。Whom现在用的很少。前面有介词只能用which，不能用that。 2. 关系代词在考试中的特殊情况。 What:1)它是子母同体。相当于一个关系代词以及一个先行词。What前面不应该在出现先行词。如果前面已经有一个关系词，就不能用what来引导。例如：Y ou can have everything what you like. what=all that,所以这儿不能用what.只能用that All---is a continuous supplying of the basic necessities of life A.What（all that）is the need× B.the things need C.for our needs D.that is need√ 2)what单独使用，后面不加名词。 例如：She is not what（all that）she used to be.既做前面的宾语又做后面的宾语 3)what 后面加名词 例如：What money（省略了that）I have has been given to you.（不是定语从句） 1997年考题：______he knows about it is out of date and in accurate A.What little（√）名词性质 B.So much（副词性质） C.How much D.So little as 1.like 2.作为 3.when
初中英语语法大全(必备)
英语语法大全： 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do （例如:I like watching monkeys jump） 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同····一道，伴随······（例如: I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树） 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）（例如: ask you for my book ） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时（例如：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾（例如: At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 （例如: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原）能够……（例如: She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么（例如:she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……（例如: I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么（例如: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视、I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气（例如: Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样（例如: She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to感到羞愧 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害（例如: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于
初中英语副词讲义 一、定义 副词（adverb，简写为adv.）是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 二、句法功能 副词在句中主要用作状语，表语，补语，定语。（句子主干成分：主、谓、宾、系、表；修饰成分：定、状、补） Eg. He works hard. （作状语） You speak English very well. （作状语） Food here is hardly to get. （作状语） Is she in ? （作表语） Let him out!（作补语） 三、常见的副词类型 1)时间和频度副词：now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, late, next, already, generally, frequently, seldom, ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately, finally, shortly, before, ago, sometimes, yesterday, once, twice 2) 地点副词：here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on 3)方式副词：carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4)程度副词：much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly, hardly 5) 疑问副词：how, when, where, why 6)关系副词：when, where, why 7) 连接副词：therefore, moreover, however, otherwise, then 四、修饰成分 ⑴修饰动词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、频度等。一般位于动词之后，如果动词 有宾语，则要位于宾语之后。 频度副词通常放在行为动词前，be动词、情态动词或助动词后面。 例如：The boy is always asking his parents for money.
一、单项选择 ( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn't working B. doesn't working C. isn't going to working D. won't work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. -_____ you ______ free tomorrow? - No. I _____ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -________. （不，不要。） A. No, you won't. B. No, you aren't. C. No, please don't. D. No, please. ( ) 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I ________ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving ( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He ________ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we'll go roller-skating. A. isn't rain B. won't rain C. doesn't rain D. doesn't fine ( ) 15. - Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? - No, ________ （不去）. A. they willn't. B. they won't. C. they aren't. D. they don't. ( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing ( ) 18. Tomorrow he ___ a kite in the open air first, and then ____ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch ( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be ( ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.