TEM-8 (2014)
PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)
TEXT A
My class at Harvard Business School helps students understand what good management theory is and how it is built. In each session, we look at one company through the lenses of different theories, using them to explain how the company got into its situation and to examine what action will yield the needed results. On the last day of class, I asked my class to turn those theoretical lenses on themselves to find answers to two questions: First, How can I be sure I‘ll be happy in my career? Second, How can I be sure my relationships with my spouse and my family will become an enduring source of happiness? Here are some management tools that can be used to help you lead a purposeful life.
1. Use Your Resources Wisely. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talent shape your life‘s strategy. I have a bunch of ―businesses‖ that compete for these resources: I‘m trying to have a rew arding relationship with my wife, raise great kids, contribute to my community, succeed in my career, and contribute to my church. And I have exactly the same problem that a corporation does. I have a limited amount of time, energy and talent. How much do I devote to each of these pursuits?
Allocation choices can make your life turn out to very different from what you intended. Sometimes that‘s good: opportunities that you have never planned for emerge. But if you don‘t invest your resources wisely, the ou tcome can be bad. As I think about my former classmates who inadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappiness, I can‘t help believing that their troubles related right back to a short-term perspective.
When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of time or an extra ounce of energy, they‘ll unconsciously allocate it to activities that yield the most
tangible accomplishments. Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that we’re moving forward. You ship a product, finish a design, complete a presentation, close a sale teach a class, publish a paper, get paid, get promoted. In contrast, investing time and energy in your relationships with your spouse and children typically doesn‘t offer the same immediate sense of achievement. Kids misbehave every day. It‘s really not until 20 years down the road that you can say, ―I raised a good son or a good daughter.‖ You can neglect your relationship with your spouse and on a daily basis it doesn‘t seem as if thing are deteriorating. People who are driven to excel have this unconscious propensity to under invest in their families and overinvest in their careers, even though intimate and loving family relationships are the most powerful and enduring source of happiness.
If you study the root causes of business disasters, over and over you‘ll find this predisposition toward endeavors that offer immediate gratification. If you look at personal lives through that lens, you‘ll see that same stunning and sobering pattern: people allocating fewer and fewer resources to the things they would have once said mattered most.
2. Create A Family Culture.It‘s one thing to see into the foggy future with a acuity and chart the course corrections a company must make. But it‘s quite another to persuade employees to line up and work cooperatively to take the company in that new direction.
When there is little agreement, you have to use ―power tools‖ –coercion, threats, punishments and so on, to secure cooperation. But if employee‘s ways of working together su cceed over and over, consensus begins to form. Ultimately, people don‘t even think about whether their way yields success. They embrace priorities and follow procedures by instinct and assumption rather than by explicit decision, which means that they‘ve c reated a culture. Culture, in compelling but unspoken ways, dictates the proven, acceptable methods by
which member s of a group address recurrent problems. And culture defines the priority given to different types of problems. It can be a powerful management tool.
I use this model to address the question, How can I be my family becomes an enduring source of happiness? My students quickly see that the simplest way parents can elicit cooperation from children is to wield power tools. But there comes a point during the teen years when power tools no longer work. At that point, parents start wishing they had begun working with their children at a very young age to build a culture in which children instinctively behave respectfully toward one another, obey their parents, and choose the right thing to do. Families have cultures, just a companies do. Those cultures can be built consciously.
If you want your kids to have strong self-esteem and the confidence that they can solve hard problems, those qualities won‘t magically materialize in high school. You have to design them into family‘s culture and you have think about this very early on. Like employees, children build self-esteem by doing things that are hard and learning what works.
11. According to the author, the key to successful allocation of resources in your life depends on whether you
A. can manage your time well
B. have long-term planning
C. are lucky enough to have new opportunities
D. can solve both company and family problems
12. What is the r ole of the statement ―Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that we’re moving forward‖ with reference to the previous statement in the paragraph?
A. To offer further explanation
B. To provide a definition
C. To present a contrast
D. To illustrate career development
13. According to the author, a common cause of failure in business and family relationships is
A. lack of planning
B. short-sightedness
C. shortage of resources
D. decision by instinct
14. According to the author, when does culture begin to emerge
A. When people decide what and how to do by instinct
B. When people realize the importance of consensus
C. When people as a group decide how to succeed
D. When people use ―power tools‖ to reach agreement
15. One of the similarities between company culture and family culture is that
A. problem-solving ability is essential
B. cooperation is the foundation
C. respect and obedience are key elements
D. culture needs to be nurtured Text B
It was nearly bed-time and when they awoke next morning land would be in sight. Dr. Macphail lit his pipe and, leaning over the rail, searched the heavens for the Southern Cross. After two years at the front and a wound that had taken longer to heal than it should, he was glad to settle down quietly at Apia (阿皮亚，西萨摩亚首都) for twelve months at least, and he felt already better for the journey. Since some of the passengers were leaving the ship next day at Pago-Pago they had had a little dance that evening and in his ears hammered still the harsh notes of the mechanical piano. But the deck was quiet at last. A little way off he saw his wife in a long chair talking with the Davidsons, and he strolled over to her. When he sat down under the light and took off his hat you saw that he had very red hair, with a bald patch on the crown, and the red, freckled skin which accompanies red hair; he
was a man of forty, thin, with a pinched face, precise and rather pedantic; and he spoke with a Scots accent in a very low, quiet voice.
Between the Macphails and the Davidsons, who were missionaries, there had arisen the intimacy of shipboard, which is due to propinquity rather than to any community of taste. Their chief tie was the disapproval they shared of the men who spent their days and nights in the smoking-room playing poker or bridge and drinking. Mrs. Macphail was not a little flattered to think that she and her husband were the only people on board with whom the Davidsons were willing to associate, and even the doctor, shy but no fool, half unconsciously acknowledged the compliment. It was only because he was of an argumentative mind that in their cabin at night he permitted himself to carp (唠叨).
?Mrs. Davidson was saying she didn‘t know how they‘d have got through the journey if it hadn‘t been for us,‘ said Mrs. M acphail, as she neatly brushed out her transformation (假发). ?She said we were really the only people on the ship they cared to know.‘?I shouldn‘t have thought a missionary was such a big bug (要人、名士) that he could afford to put on frills (摆架子).‘
?It‘s not frills. I quite understand what she means. It wouldn‘t have been very nice for the Davidsons to have to mix with all that rough lot in the smoking-room.‘?The founder of their religion wasn‘t so exclusive,‘ said Dr. Macphail with a chuckle.
?I‘ve asked you over and over again not to joke about religion,‘ answered his wife. ?I shouldn‘t like to have a nature like yours, Alec. You never look for the best in people.‘He gave her a sidelong glance with his pale, blue eyes, but did not reply. After many years of married life he had learned that it was more conducive to peace to leave his wife with the last word. He was undressed before she was, and climbing into the upper bunk he settled down to read himself to sleep.
When he came on deck next morning they were close to land. He looked at it with greedy eyes. There was a thin strip of silver beach rising quickly to hills covered to the top with luxuriant vegetation. The coconut trees, thick and green, came nearly to the water‘s edge, and among them you saw the grass houses of the Samoaris (萨摩亚人); and here and there, gleaming white, a little church. Mrs. Davidson came and stood beside him. She was dressed in black, and wore round her neck a gold chain, from which dangled a small cross. She was a little woman, with brown, dull hair very elaborately arranged, and she had prominent blue eyes behind invisible pince-nez (夹鼻眼镜). Her face was long, like a sheep‘s, but she gave no impression of foolishness, rather of extreme alertness; she had the quick movements of a bird. The most remarkable thing about her was her voice, high, metallic, and without inflection; it fell on the ear with a hard monotony, irritating to the nerves like the pitiless clamour of the pneumatic drill.
?This must seem like home to you,‘ said Dr. Macph ail, with his thin, difficult smile.
?Ours are low islands, you know, not like these. Coral. These are volcanic. We‘ve got another ten days'' journey to reach them.‘
?In these parts that‘s almost like being in the next street at home,‘ said Dr. Macphail facetiously.
?Well, that‘s rather an exaggerated way of putting it, but one does look at distances differently in the J South Seas. So far you‘re right.‘
Dr. Macphail sighed faintly.
16. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that Dr. Macphail
A. preferred quietness to noise
B. enjoyed the sound of the mechanical piano
C. was going back to his hometown
D. wanted to befriend the Davidsons
17. The Macphails and the Davidsons were in each other‘e company because they
A. had similar experience
B. liked each other
C. shared dislike for some passengers
D. had similar religious belief
18. Which of the following statements best DESCRIBES Mrs. Macphail?
A. She was good at making friends
B. She was prone to quarrelling with her husband
C. She was skillful in dealing with strangers
D. She was easy to get along with.
19. All the following adjectives can be used to depict Mrs. Davidson EXCEPT
A. arrogant
B. unapproachable
C. unpleasant
D. irritable
20. Which of the following statements about Dr. Macphail is INCORRECT?
A. He was sociable.
B. He was intelligent.
C. He was afraid of his wife.
D. He was fun of the Davidsons.
Text C
Today we make room for a remarkably narrow range of personality styles. We're told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. We see ourselves as a nation of extroverts—which means that we've lost sight of who we really are. One-third to one-half of Americans are introverts—in the other words, one out of every two or three people you know. If you're not an introvert yourself, you are surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one.
If these statistics surprise you, that's probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts. Closet introverts pass undetected on playgrounds, in high school locker rooms, and in the corridors of corporate America. Some fool even themselves, until some life event---a layoff, an empty nest, an inheritance that frees them to spend time as they like---jolts them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject
with your friends and acquaintances to find that the most unlikely people consider themselves introverts.
It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themselves. We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Ideal— the omnipresent belief that the ideal self is gregarious, alpha, and comfortable in the spotlight. The archetypal extrovert prefers action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. He favors quick decisions, even at the risk of being wrong. She works well in teams and socializes in groups. We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individual——the kind who's comfortable "putting himself out there." Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so.
Introversion---along with its cousins sensitivity, seriousness, and shyness---is now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology. Introverts living under the Extrovert Ideal are like women in a man's world, discounted because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are. Extroversion is an enormously appealing personality style, but we've turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform.
The Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many studies, though this research has never been grouped under a single name. Talkative people, for example, are rated as smarter, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. Velocity of speech counts as well as volume: we rank fast talkers as more competent and likable than slow ones. Even the word introvert is stigmatized---one informal study, by psychologist Laurie
Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture.
But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventions---from the theory of evolution to van Gogh's sunflowers to the personal computer---came from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tune in to their inner worlds and the treasures to be found there.
21. According to the author, there exists, as far as personality styles are concerned, a discrepancy between
A. what people say they can do and what they actually can
B. what society values and what people pretend to be
C. what people profess and what statistics show
D. what people profess and what they hide from others
22. The ideal extrovert is described as being all the following EXCEPT
A. doubtful
B. sociable
C. determined
D. bold
23. According to the author, our society only permits ___ to have whatever personality they like.
A. the young
B. the ordinary
C. the artistic
D. the rich
24. According to the passage, which of the following stateme nts BEST reflects the author‘s opinion?
A. Introversion is seen as an inferior trait because of its association with sensitivity.
B. Extroversion is arbitrary forced by society as a norm upon people.
C. Introverts are generally regarded as either unsuccessful or as deficient.
D. Extroversion and introversion have similar personality trait profiles.
25. The author winds up the passage with a____ note.
A. cautious
B. warning
C. positive
D. humorous
Text D
Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.
This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child‘s academic and intellectual development.
They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual‘s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding ou t, isn‘t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.
The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual ex perience improves the brain‘s so-called executive function ? a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind ? like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.
Why does the tussle between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one language system: this suppression, it was thought, would help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page.
The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. ―Bilinguals have to switch languages quite often ? you may talk to your father in one language and to your mother in another language,‖ says Albert Costa, a researcher at the University of Pompeu Fabra in Spain. ―It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundings when driving.‖ In a study comparing German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, indicating that they were more efficient at it.
The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age (and there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life).
26. According to the passage, the more recent and old views of bilingualism differ mainly in
A. its practical advantages
B. its role in cognition
C. perceived language fluency
D. its role in medicine
27. The fact that interference is now seen as a blessing in disguise means that
A. it has led to unexpectedly favourable results
B. its potential benefits have remained undiscovered
C. its effects on cognitive development have been minimal
D. only a few researchers have realized its advantages
28. What is the role of Paragraph Four in relation to Paragraph Three?
A. It provides counter evidence to Paragraph Three.
B. It offers another example of the role of interference.
C. It serves as a transitional paragraph in the passage.
D. It further illustrates the point in Paragraph Three.
29. Which of the following can account for better performance of bilinguals in doing non-inhibition tasks?
A. An ability to monitor surroundings.
B. An ability to ignore distractions.
C. An ability to perform with less effort.
D. An ability to exercise suppression.
30. What is the main theme of the passage?
A. Features of bilinguals and monolinguals.
B. Interference and suppression.
C. Bilinguals and monitoring tasks.
D. Reasons why bilinguals are smarter. PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)
31. Which of the following is the French-speaking city in Canada?
A. Vancouver
B. Ottawa
C. Montreal
D. Toronto
32. Which of the following are natives of New Zealand?
A. The Maoris
B. The Aboriginals
C. The Red Indians
D. The Eskimos
33. The established or national church in England is
A. the Roman Catholic Church
B. the United Reformed Church
C. the Anglican Church
D. the Methodist Church
34. The 13 former British colonies in North America declared independence from Great Britain in
A. 1774
B. 1775
C. 1776
D. 1777
35. ―Grace under pressure‖ is an outstanding virtue of ____ heroes.
A. Scott Fitzgerald‘s
B. Ernest Hemingway‘s
C. Eugene O‘Neill‘s
D. William Faulkner‘s
36. Widowers’ House was written by
A. William Butler Yeats
B. George Bernard Shaw
C. John Galsworthy
D. T. S. Eliot
37. Who wrote The Canterbury Tales?
A. William Shakespeare
B. William Blake
C. Geoffrey Chaucer
D. John Donne
38. Which of the following pairs of words are homophones?
A. wind (v.) / wind (n.)
B. suspect (v.) / suspect (n.)
C. convict (v.) / convict (n.)
D. bare (adj.) / bear (v.)
39. Which of the following sentences has the ―S+V+O‖ structure?
A. He died a hero.
B. I went to London.
C. Mary enjoyed parties.
D. She became angry.
40. Which of the following CAN NOT be used as an adverbial?
A. The lion‘s share
B. Heart and soul.
C. Null and void.
D. Hammer and tongs.
PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA)
emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.
There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______ have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______
●Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the
same sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______
●What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______
more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?
●What motivates people to acquire additional language?
●What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______
acquisition of additional languages?
●What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the
learning of additional languages?
From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______ the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have
one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring
of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______ so. Whether one labels it ―learning‖ or ―acquiring‖ an additional
language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______ focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an
individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are
involving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9)
______
or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the
classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) ______
PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。可是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷地考入了师范学校---制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。只有这样，我才敢对母亲提升学的话。入学，要交十元的保证金。这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦，只要儿子有出息。当我有师范毕业，而被派为小学校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句：―以后，您可以歇一歇了！‖她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
The physical distance between speakers can indicate a number of things and can also be used to used to consciously send messages about intent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers whilst distance may denote formality or a lack of interest. Proximity is also both a matter of personal style and is often culture-bound so that what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as an informal party, but completely out of place in others, such as meeting with a superior.
Posture can convey meaning too. Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of mood. A lowered head when speaking to a superior (with or without eye contact) can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures.
PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)
Nowadays some companies have work-from-home or remote working policies, which means that their employees do not have to commute to work every day. Some people think
that this can save a lot of time travelling to and from work, thus raising employees‘ productivity. However, others argue that in the workplace, people can communicate face to face, which vastly increases the efficiency of coordination and cooperation. What is your opinion?
Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic: My Views on Working from Home
01到14年专八汉译英真题及答案： 2014年本题是一篇典型的文学翻译，原文选自老舍名篇《我的母亲》。老舍的作品生活气息浓郁，语言朴实直白。因此，在翻译本篇时不仅要注意忠实于文字意义，更要忠实地再现原文的语言风格，所以要避免用过于高级的词汇表达和句子结构，用平实的语句表达出原文的精神面貌。 当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。可是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷的考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。入学，要交十圆的保证金。这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦，只要儿子有出息。当我由师范毕业，而被派为小学校校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。 参考译文：After I graduated from primary school，relatives and friends all suggested that I should drop out and learn a trade to help my mother. Although I knew that I ought to seek a livelihood to relieve mother of hard work and distress，I still aspired to go on with study. So I kept learning secretly. I had no courage to tell mother about the idea until admitted to a normal school which provided free uniforms，books，room and board. To enter the school，I had to pay ten Yuan as a deposit. This was a large sum of money for my family. However，after two weeks' tough effort，mother managed to raise the money and sent me off to school in tears afterwards. She would spare no pains for her son to win a bright future. On the day when I was appointed the schoolmaster after graduation，mother and I spent a sleepless night. I said to her，"you can have a rest in the future." but she replied nothing，only with tears streaming down her face. 2013年 生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 Life is like a cup of wine; people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. Hold in the hand and gaze at it, the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood, which is the impress of life. Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste, the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life, which is complicated and blurred. Once the sip is swallowed, the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind, leaving a person lifelong benefit. There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine: the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows, just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. When life comes to twilight years, it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity, just like a bottle of wine to be savored.
1.Der Roman(长篇小说) “Der Steppenwolf”von Hermann Hesse handelt von einem Einzelg?nger（孤僻的人），der an seiner inner en（内心的）Zerrissenheit（内心矛盾）zu zerbrechen droht.《荒原狼》——黑塞，jm droht+zu+不定式正处于某种凶险的情况 2.Das geographische Zentrum der deutschen Klassik war Weimar.德国古典文化的地理中心在魏玛。 3.Der Nobelpreis für Litratur ging im Jahr 2009 an die in Rum?nien geborene Deutsche Herta Müller.（罗马尼亚德裔） 4.Die ?sterreiche Schriftstellerin Elfriede Jelinek hat 2004 den Nobelpreis für Literatur erhalten.耶利内克 5.In seine Autobiographie（自传）“Beim H?uten der Zwiebel （洋葱）”hat Grünter Grassüber seine Zugeh?rigkeit zur Waffen-SS geschrieben.在《剥洋葱》这部自传体作品中，格拉斯首次承认了自己曾是纳粹党卫军成员的历史。 6.Die deutsche Literatur nach 1945 war eng mit der “Gruppe 47”verknüpft(联系).对战后文学发挥重要作用的是四七社，代表作家为Günter Grass,Hans Magnu Enzensberger. 7.Für einen spielerisch en（游戏式的）Umgang（交往）mit Geschichte steht Patirck Süskind ,der mit seinem histroischen Roman “das Parfüm”einen Welterfolg landete.（获得）1985年出版的小说《香水》因前几年改编成电影而广为人知。
真题： PARTVI WRITING (45 MIN) Nowadays, some companies have work-from-home or remote working policies, which means that their employees do not have to commute to work every day. Some people think that this can save a lot of time travelling to and from work, thus raising employees’ productivity. However, others argue that in the workplace, people can communicate face t o face, which vastly increases the efficiency of coordination and cooperation. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic： My Views on Working from Home In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details．In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary． Marks will be awarded for content, organization，language and appropriateness．Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks． Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR． 参考范文（一） Telecommuting: an Inevitable Trend There is no denying the fact that the past years have witnessed an increasing number of people working from home, with some employers encouraging this practice. However, there exist opposing views on this phenomenon, with proponents claiming that it saves time and increases productivity, while opponents arguing that it lacks face-to-face communication and thus affects coordination. Personally, I believe that there is truth in both opinions. Therefore, this new style of working suits more jobs that demand less face-to-face communication. However, with the
2000 年 -2015 年专八短文改错试卷 2015 年 3 月 21 日专业八级考试改错 When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the rink, my friend ’s mother remarked on the “plush ”seats we had been given. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context.“Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation 。 that much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’tthey? My friend ’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her expression that I had not got the word quite right. Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly means, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have asked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly, but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English. So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap.1.______ 2. ______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 2014 改错 There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s. There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______ have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______ l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______ l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______ more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have? l What motivates people to acquire additional language? l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______ acquisition of additional languages? l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additional languages? From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______ the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______ so. Whether one labels it “learning ” or “acquiritionalg ” an addi language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______ focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are
2014年英语专八翻译来源 汉译英 当我在小学毕业的时候，亲友一致地愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲，我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。可是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷地考入了师范学校--制服、饭食、书籍、宿处，都由学校供给。只有这样，我才敢对母亲提升学的话。入学，要交十元的保证金。这是一笔巨款!母亲作了半个月的难，把这笔巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦，只要儿子有出息。当我由师范毕业，而被派到小学任校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了!”她的回答只是一串串的眼泪。 老舍著；老树画画绘,真正的生活者,中国画报出版社,2015.07,第6页 老舍著,茶馆想北平猫城记,巴蜀书社,2015.02,第74页 我的母亲（节选）——老舍After I graduated from primary school, relatives and friends all suggested that I should drop out and learn a trade to help my mother. Although I knew that I ought to seek a livelihood to relieve mother of hard work and distress, I still aspired to go on with study. So I kept learning secretly. I had no courage to tell mother about the idea until admitted to a normal school which provided free uniforms, books, room and board. To enter the school, I had to pay ten Yuan as a deposit. This was a large sum of money for my family. However, after two weeks’ tough effort, mother managed to raise the money and sent me off to school in tears afterwards. She would spare no pains for her son to win a bright future. On the day when I was appointed the schoolmaster after graduation, mother and I spent a sleepless night. I said to her, "you can have a rest in the future." but she replied nothing, only with tears streaming down her face. 2015年英语专八翻译来源 汉译英 2014上海茶花展今天开幕60种云南山茶首次来沪 产生日期：2014-01-29来源：新华网 “茶花闹春暖意迎新”2014上海茶花展今天在上海植物园拉开序幕，花展将持续到3月16日。此次花展通过丰富的茶花品种和景点，营造缤纷花卉闹新春的节日气氛。 茶花的自然花期在12月至翌年4月，以红色系为主，另有黄色系和白色系等，花色艳丽。品种展示、花卉造景……本届花展充分展示了茶花的品种资源和科研水平，是近三年来本市规模最大的一届茶花展。为了使广大植物爱好者有更多与茶花亲密接触的机会，本届茶花展的布展范围延伸至整个园区，为赏花游客带来便利。 此次茶花展历时2个月，展期内200多个茶花品种、1000余株茶花将陆续亮相。 根据茶花品种和花期的不同，花展分为两个阶段:第一阶段为“滇茶风情”，从春节至元宵节。重点推出两个以云南茶花品种为主的温室展区:一个以“茶马道，丽江情”为主题；一个集“云南茶花品种展示”“茶花花朵艺术展示”和“上海植物园茶花新品种展示”于一体。春节期间，共有60多个云南山茶品种首次在沪与游客见面。第二阶段主题为“名品争艳”，从二月中旬至三月中旬。元宵节后茶花将进入盛开期，届时多个室外景点的“特色茶花品种展示区”将集中布置各类花型的茶花，成为最值得期待的赏茶区域。 此外上海植物园内名字中带“马”的植物均被挂上了特制的“标签”隆重推出，是上海植物园马年新春花展的一大亮点。本次花展由上海市绿化和市容管理局主办，上海植物园和上海星源农业实验场共同承办。 参考译文：Camellia’s flowering period starts from December and ends in the next April，and
解析：题目问的是新闻传播从咖啡馆式的口口相传转变成大众报纸的单向传输原因何在。而结合文中第一段中的相关句：“Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun，pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news，thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience．”就不难发现，确实报纸广告的出现是其原因所在。但由于这句句子较长，很可能有些考生会在时间仓促中来不及看完整，想清楚，先看到the first mass-audience newspaper就以为找到了正确答案，所以会误选A，但只要接着把句子读完就会发现该句强调的还是这家报纸率先使用了在报纸上登广告的形式才造成了这样的转变，最终原因归结还应该是报纸广告的出现。所以，解题时一定要把句子理解完整，千万不要因为赶时间而以偏概全。 12．参考答案：D 解析：题目问的是四个选项中哪个能最好的支持文中这句“Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house.(如今，新闻行业正回归到一种更接近原来咖啡馆式讨论传播的状态。)”选项A是在文章第二段最后部分出现的，紧跟前面一句来证明在全球大部分地区，大众传媒仍然在蓬勃发展的，因此与题干句无关，甚至可以说是相悖的。而选项B和C都只是在陈述某些具体现象，并未能直接来支持题干句。只有选项D总结了人们正在亲身参与到新闻的发现、讨论和传播中去，这也正是咖啡馆式新闻传播的最显著的一个特点——参与性，因此这句话能最好的表明如今的新闻行业正以这样的方式回归。
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011) GRADE EIGHT TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture. Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures. I. High-context culture A. feature - context: more important than the message - meaning: (1)__________ i.e. more attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the message itself B. examples - personal space - preference for (3)__________ - less respect for privacy / personal space - attention to (4)___________ - concept of time - belief in (5)____________ interpretation of time - no concern for punctuality - no control over time II. Low-context culture A. feature - message: separate from context - meaning: (6)___________ B. examples - personal space - desire / respect for individuality / privacy - less attention to body language
2018年德语考试试题及答案 Grammatik Aufgabe 1:Verwandeln Sie die unterstrichenen Partizipialattribute in Relativsaetze. Beispiel:Selbst in der von der Sucht nach Geld,Vergnuegen und Bequemlichkeit beherrschten modernen Welt gibt es Menschen,die Anstrengungen und Risiken suchen. ----Selbst in der modernen Welt,die von Geld,Vergnuegen und Bequemlichkeit beherrscht ist,gibt es Menschen,die Anstengungen und Risiken suchen. 1.Das bequeme Leben in der Wohlstandsgesellschaft macht den von seiner Entstehungsgeschichte her fuer Anstrengung,Kampf und Risikobewaeltigung geschaffenen Menschen aggressiv und oft sogar krank. ---- 2.Der moderne Mensch sucht die in monotonen Arbeitsprozessen nur schwer zu findende Freude an Muehe und Anstrengung in der Freizeit. ---- 3.Aber die von vielen Menschen auch in der Freizeit empfundene innere Leere befriedigt das menschliche Beduerfnis nach Erlebnissen nicht.
2021年英语专八考试阅读理解练习试题及答案As Gilbert White，Darwin， and others observed long ago， all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different population makes this task more difficult： some populations remain roughly constant from year to year; others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity; still others vary wildly， with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather， and in other cases not. To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns， one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have density-dependent growth parameters; that is， rates of birth， death， and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have density-independent growth parameters，with vital rates buffeted by environmental events;these
学习必备欢迎下载 全国高等学校德语专业八级考试样题集上听力原文 Texte zum HV 1 Teil I: H?rtext …Forschungsprojekte für Soziologie-Studenten“ Sie h?ren ein Interview zum Thema …Forschungsprojekte für Soziologie-Studenten“. (bearbeitet nach dem H?rtext 2 vom TestDaF Modellsatz 1, etwa 620 W?rter) Interviewer: Die Fakult?t für Soziologie an der Univers it?t Bielefeld führt mit Studenten Forschungsprojekte im Ausland durch, sogenannte Lehrforschungen. Die Studenten sollen dabei unter einem bestimmten Gesichtspunkt untersuchen, wie in einem kleinen Bereich die Gesellschaft des jeweiligen Landes funktioniert. Wir haben hier im Studio zwei G?ste. Frau Laaser ist Mitarbeiterin der Fakult?t für Soziologie und betreut Studenten, die an solchen Forschungsprojekten teilnehmen. Und Frau Meichsner hat als Soziologiestudentin in einem solchen Forschungsprojekt mitgearbeitet. Frau Meichsner, Sie waren drei Monate im Senegal. Sylvia Meichsner: Ja, wir waren zuerst in der Hauptstadt, in Dakar, um uns einzuleben und erste Kontakte zu offiziellen Stellen zu knüpfen. In Dakar konnten wir auf dem Campus wohnen. Unser Aufenthalt fiel n?mlich in die Zeit der dortigen Semesterferien, deshalb konnten wir dort die ersten vier Wochen unseres Aufenthalts verbringen. Anschlie?end haben wir zwei Dorfstudien durchgeführt. W?hrend der Dorfstudien war dann jeder alleine auf einem Dorf für jeweils ungef?hr zwei Wochen. Ich habe mich dort mit dem Gesundheitswesen auseinandergesetzt und die M?glichkeit gehabt, im Gesundheitsdienst mitzuarbeiten, also im Sinne von teilnehmender Beobachtung auch Notizen zu machen und Ergebnisse festzuhalten. Ich habe sehr viele Interviews geführt mit Personen, die im Gesundheitswesen arbeiten – auf verschiedenen Ebenen und in verschiedenen Positionen. Angefangen von Dorfhebammen über traditionelle Heiler bis hin zu einem Vertreter des Gesundheitsministeriums. Interviewer: In diesem Semester plant die Fakult?t für Soziologie neue Lehrforschungen. In den kommenden Semesterferien f?hrt dann ein Dutzend Studierender nach Kenia. Frau Laaser, Sie arbeiten an der Fakult?t für Soziologie und betreuen diese Gruppe. Mirjam Laaser: Es geht darum, die Verbindung zwischen Praxis und Wissenschaft herzustellen. Das theoretische Basiswissen lernen die Studenten in Vorbereitungsseminaren und in der Praxis bearbeiten sie dann ein inhaltlich begrenztes Forschungsprojekt, und zwar unter Betreuung eines Mitarbeiters des Forschungsschwerpunktes. Und in unserem Fall hei?t das eben, dass wir zusammen
2007年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案 C-E:暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。 Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their heads, eating by the river bank. Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of the Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where he is resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk. The exuberant water plants have nutrited the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls. When approaching near, you would find their lily-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial impressions.
专业八级翻译分类专项试题(十一) 一、Chinese to English （本大题5小题．每题10.0分，共50.0分。Translate the following underlined part of the text into English. ） 第1题在探求真理的过程中，人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。常常有这样的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同，就会出现“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同”的情况，以至引起学术上的争论。因此，有作为的科学工作者都把反对的意见看作对自己的莫大的帮助，把对自己的批评当做最珍贵的友谊。正如歌德所说，“我们赞同的东西使我们处之泰然，我们反对的东西才使我们的思想获得丰产。”这都是因为，赞同的意见未必正确，反对的意见未必错误。退一步说，即使错误的反对意见，对自己的科学研究也是很有好处的。 【正确答案】： 答案: In the process of exploring truth, people will have to experience tremendous hardships and difficulties before they can come to understand the objective laws. It is often the case that the differences in the research perspectives, the materials mastered, and the ways of understanding would lead to totally different results—as we might say, "a mountain becomes a hill when viewed horizontally and a ridge when viewed vertically, and it assumes totally different shapes when viewed from a short or a long distance, or from a high or a low. position. "—and even lead to academic disputes. Therefore, an accomplished scientist would regard opposing arguments as his most tremendous benefit and take others' criticism of him as the most precious friendship that he can ever obtain. In Gothe's words, "We take for granted what we are in favor of. However, only what we are opposed to can enrich our thoughts." This is all because the approving opinions are not necessarily justified while the opposing arguments are not necessarily unfounded. To put it in the least way, even the opposing arguments that are mistaken will be immensely beneficial to one's own scientific research. [本题分数]： 10.0 分 【答案解析】 [难点注释] 1．在……的过程中：可译为in the process of。 2．艰苦曲折：可译为tremendous hardships and difficulties。 3．客观规律：即objective laws。 4．常常有这样的情形：可译为it is often the case that。 5．由于研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同：在结构上是并列的，且都在说明不同性，因此可处理为the differences in the research perspectives，the materials mastered，and the ways of understanding。