《护理专业英语（二）》试题（本试题页不上交
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一、单选题：请选出一个最恰当的答案。（1～32题，每小题1分，33～2题，每小题2分，共52分）
1．We didn't want to get in trouble, _____ we parked in the lot around the corner.
A. so
B. but
C. because
D. although
2. "Are you and Richard in the same apartment building" "No, we _____."
A. isn't
B. weren't
C. are
D. aren't
3．My brother is studying hard to be _____.
A. writer
B. write
C. a writer
D. writes
4．If you _____ faster, we could have turned in the project before the deadline.
A. work
B. had worked
C. have worked
D. working
5．She has computer class _____ noon.
A. with
B. at
C. on
D. in
6．My family and I _____ through the desert on our last vacation.
A. drive
B. drives
C. driving
D. drove
7．_____ time do you spend on your homework every day
A. How much
B. How well
C. How often
D. How long
8．What programs _____" "He mostly uses Microsoft Word and Excel."
A. is he using
B. does he use
C. he used
D. he use
9．Since they changed jobs, their life _____ been much easier.
A. are
B. was
C. has
D. had
10．"Is that Martin's new car" "Yes, it's _____."
A. him
B. himself
C. his
D. he
11．"What television shows did you watch when you were a child" "I _____ watch comedies".
A. was
B. liked
C. used to
D. did
12．My _____ usually goes to the office on foot.
A. best friend
B. best friends
C. best friend she
D. best friend is
13．If we _____ some more money, we could go away this weekend.
A. are having
B. have
C. had
D. would have
14．We went to the doctor _____ she couldn't seem to get rid of her cold.
A. so
B. for
C. that
D. because
15．The secretary asked me _____ I wanted to meet with.
A. who
B. how
C. why
D. when
16．If you feel full, don't _____ any more of that pizza.
A. ate
B. eating
C. eat
D. eats
17．"I forgot my keys on the desk. _____ giving me a lift home"
A. Could you
B. Can you
C. Will you
D. Would you mind
18．My classmates and I enjoy doing similar things. _____ favorite activity is going cycling.
A. Our
B. We
C. Us
D. They
19．Amy lives in Thailand now. She _____ at a large university there.
A. teach
B. taught
C. is teaching
D. teaching
20．She always gets good evaluations. She must be _____ employee in the company.
A. the most valuable
B. more valuable
C. the valuable
D. valuable
21．Has he ever _____ to swim
A. learned
B. learn
C. learning
D. learns
22．When I last saw them, my sisters were on their way _____ the mall.
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. to
23．I want to send the Smiths an email. Do you have _____ email address
A. they
B. them
C. their
D. there
24．The movie was over before we had time _____ the plot.
A. for understand
B. to understand
C. understanding
D. understand
25．_____ was a big parade in front of the university campus.
A. Their
B. They
C. These
D. There
26．My teacher was living in Dubai when she _____ her future husband.
A. will meet
B. met
C. was meeting
D. meets
27．Before _____ a decision on what to order, John asked the waiter for his recommendation.
A. make
B. made
C. making
D. being made
28．There isn't _____ milk left. I need to go out and get some.
A. many
B. some
C. no
D. any
29．If you don't slow down, you _____ have a heart attack.
A. would
B. will
C. can
D. should
30．The project was _____ complicated than they had expected.
A. so
B. most
C. more
D. too
31．My father is a surgeon. _____ works in a hospital.
A. It
B. Father
C. He
D. She
32．If you _____ eating so much junk food, you'll lose weight.
A. stopped
B. stop
C. might stop
D. are stopping
33. A 65-year-old male is admitted to your unit. He says, “My wife and I have not
been apart for 45 years”. Your best response would be
A. “It must be difficult for you to be separated from her.”
B. “Your wife will be able to visit you every day.”
C. “You’ll be fine once you get adjusted to the hospital routine.”
D. “Your time in the hospital will pass very quickly.”
34. A client recently diagnosed with lung cancer says to the nurse, “I’m sti ll going to
smoke”. The nurse’s best response to this client would be
A. “I can’t believe you would still want to smoke.”
B. “When did you start smoking”
C. “Let’s talk more about this.”
D. “I’m sure your family will be upset.”
35. A client brought to the emergency department appears very anxious and tearful.
The nurse’s best response would be
A. “I’m sure you have been in the hospital before.”
B. “There is really nothing to worry about.”
C. “I know this is frightening for you.”
D. “The hospital really isn’t so bad.”
36. A newborn died from an intraventricular hemorrhage（颅内出血）. Which of the following
responses would be most appropriate for the nurse to make to the mother
A. “Well at least your baby is with God now and is not suffering from brain
damage.”
B. “Would you like for me to be with you while your hold your baby”
C. “I know that it does not seem possible right now, but you can get pregnant
again.”
D. “Just try to think about how wonderful your pregnancy was.”
37. Which of the following statements, if made by a patient who has terminal cancer,
demonstrates the stage of bargaining as described in the theory of death and dying
A. “I know I’m going to get better.”
B. “I have put my financial affairs in order.”
C. “I do not understand why this happened to me.”
D. “I plan to be around until my grandson’s graduation.”
38. A nurse is assessing the stoma（人造孔） of a client after a urethrostomy（尿道造
口术）. Which of the following would the nurse expect to note
. and moist. . .
39. A patient has a nasogastric（鼻胃管） tube which is draining（引流） large amounts of
fluid. To which of the following nursing diagnoses would a nurse give priority
.
for infection.
thermoregulation.（体温调节无效）
for fluid volume deficit.
40. To which of the following nursing diagnosis would a nurse give priority when caring for
a patient in the immediate postoperative period following an ileostomy（回肠造口术）
volume deficit.
image disturbance.
.
（腹泻）.
41. A patient who has a borderline personality disorder（边缘性人格障碍） asks the nurse on
a psychiatric unit（精神科病房） if she may stay up beyond the designated bedtime（规
定的就寝时间）. When the nurse says no, the patient says, “The nurse on duty（值班） last night let me stay up late.” Which of the following responses by the nurse would be therapeutic
A. “You shouldn’t have been given that privilege.（特权）”
B. “You can stay up for one more hour.”
C. “Why do you want to stay up”
D. “Everyone is required to go to bed now.”
42．The most appropriate approach for the staff to take with the client who demonstrates
manipulative or aggressive behavior is to
A. allow the client’s favorite nurse to be her primary counselor.
B. sedate（镇静剂） the client with medication at signs of aggression.
C. set clear limits on the client’s behavior.
D. tell the client that his behavior is disruptive（捣乱的） to other clients.
二、阅读理解：本大题14个小题，每小题2分，共28分。
Airplane Hooligans （流氓）
'Air rage' is now a major concern following moves by airlines to draw up a passenger blacklist after a number of violent in-flight incidents. German flight attendants report that one thing is certain, with the growth in air travel the number of in-flight violent incidents is also increasing. Otto Ziegelmeier, Director of the Independent Flight Attendants' Organisation (UFO) reports that the range of incidents by people described as "unruly passengers" varies from racist remarks all the way to fistfights on board.
A security expert for a pilots' association agrees that it is a serious problem. British Airways registered 260 incidents in 1997, four times the figure of three years earlier. There are no statistics in Germany, but officials estimate that each year some 100,000 passengers on board German airplanes misbehave seriously.
While a number of foreign airlines are starting to take action against unruly passengers, the topic is not taken too seriously in Germany. Flight attendants and pilots groups feel that airlines, out of concern for their reputation, are covering up the problem. For example, Lufthansa officials speak only of some isolated incidents and say that so far there have been no serious cases reported. Compared to the total number of air travelers, unruly passengers remain a small minority. But then, a single passenger can become a security hazard if he starts to play with the doors, tries to force his way into the cockpit or secretly smokes a cigarette in the toilet.
Experts say that often the fear of flying is a cause of aggressive behaviour. Usually alcohol plays a role because in the extremely low humidity of the airplane it has a much greater effect than on the ground. In many cases, when flight attendants deny a passenger another drink, there is a heated reaction. In one instance, a man struck a stewardess so violently in the face that she suffered a broken jaw.
Airlines often have problems with business passengers because they are always used to being in control. However, as one airline official stated, "but up in the sky, it's the pilot who's in charge." Other agencies agree that many business passengers have a problem with following someone else's instructions. He said that American Airlines has even observed that the majority of unruly passengers are to be found in the first-class and business-class sections.
How do airlines deal with these passengers A pilot for a German charter airline once had to deal with a group of 10 to 15 vacationers who were dancing through the aisle while carrying a portable stereo playing loud music. He warned the vacationers that if he was forced to make an unscheduled stop in New York, it would cost them $25,000. That quickly calmed them down. British Airways has begun warning passengers that they would be banned from flying with the airline after two incidents.
43. According to the text, making racist remarks to other passengers is a form of air rage.
A. True
B. False
C. No information
44．Air rage incidents have decreased slightly over the past few years for British Airways.
A. True
B. False
C. No information
45．United Airlines reported serious air rage incidents last year.
A. True
B. False
C. No information
46．Compared to the total number of people who travel, there is only a small number of unruly passengers.
A. True
B. False
C. No information
47．Most violent incidents on airplanes result in broken bones or other injuries.
A. True
B. False
C. No information
48．Alcohol does not seem to be a factor in air rage incidents.
A. True
B. False
C. No information
49．Many violent incidents on airplanes are caused by people in business and first class.
A. True
B. False
C. No information
50．One of the ways airlines deal with the air rage problem is by making passengers pay a big fine.
A. True
B. False
C. No information
51．Flight attendants usually handcuff passengers if they cause problems during a flight.
A. True
B. False
C. No information
Nursing at Beth Israel hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example.
At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but wh ich also includes everything else that is necessary.
The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit’s nurses decide among th emselves who will work what shifts and when.
Beth Israel’s nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals included only doctors.
52．Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital
doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.
patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.
primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.
primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.
53．It can be inferred from the passage that________.
with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient.
most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of view.
most hospitals nurses get low salaries.
with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel
Hospital.
54．A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when_______.
present one is refused by the patient.
patient complains about the present one.
present one proves to be ineffective.
patient is found unwilling to cooperate.
55．The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former________.
a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospital.
to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nurses.
make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient.
full responsibility in the administration of the unit’s nurses.
56．The author’s attitude towards the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital is_________.
三、将下列短文翻译成中文：（20分）
Doctors should keep quiet and let patients explain their problems instead of interrupting them， Swiss scientists said. Most patients can explain what is wrong with them in less than two minutes and many may even be swifter， according to Dr. Wolf Langewitz of University Hospital in Basle. But research from the United States has shown that doctors usually start talking after about 22 seconds. "Doctors do not risk being swamped by their patients' complaints if they listen until a patient indicates that his or her list of complaints is complete，" Langewitz said in a report in the British Medical Journal. When he and his colleagues used a hidden stopwatch to time patients until they were finished talking， the average time was 92 seconds， although elderly patients tended to take longer. "Even in a busy practice driven by time constraints and financial pressure， two minutes of listening should be possible and will be sufficient for nearly 80 percent of patients，" Langewitz added.
中南大学现代远程教育课程考试
《护理专业英语（二）》答卷
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医学专业英语 I.Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D (40points) 1.Which of the following suffixes does not mean “pertaining to”? A. -ic B. -al C. -ar D. -our 2.Which of the following combining forms means cell? A. -cyte B. cyt/o C. cel/o D. both a and b 3.Which of the following forms means tissue? A. erythr/o B. immun/o C.hist/o D. vascul/o 4.A- means _____ . A. up B. down C. apart D. without 5.The suffix -itis means _____ . A. infammation B.inflammation C.inflammazed D. instrument 6.The combining form of radi/o means _________ . A. radar B. x-ray C. radio D. both B and C 7.The instrument for viewing is –scope whereas the instrument for cutting is ______ . A. –scopy B. –tome C. –meter D. –graph 8.Which of the following forms refers to “surgical incision o f ?” A. –tomy B. -stomy C. –tome D. –ectomy 9. A record of electric wave occurring in the brain is called _______ . A. electroencephogram B. electromyogram C. electrocardiogram D. electroencephalogram 10.Stethalgia means the pain of chest, which can also be expressed in ____ . A. stethodynia B. thoracalgia C. thoracodynia D. all of the above 11.Which of the following forms means fungus? A. my/o B. myel/o C. myc/o D. none of the above 12.The combining form meaning “the skin” is _______ . A. dem/o B. derm/o C. dermat/o D. both B and C 13.Which of the following combining forms means blood vessels ? A. vascul/o B. angi/o C. chromat/o D. Both A and B 14.The term meaning “pertaining to secretion” is _______ . A. crinogenic B. endocrine C. crinologic D. endocardial 15.The disease of having too many white blood cells is referred to as ________ . A. leukocyte B. leukemia C. leukogenesis D. erythrocyte 16.Inflammation of liver is known in English as ________ . A. bronchitis B. pneumonitis C. gastritis D. hepatitis 17.-plasm means ______ . A. treatment B. knowledge C. diagnosis D. growth 18.Mammo/o refers to ______ . A. mother B. thymus gland C. thyroid gland D. breast 19.Which of the following does not mean “within or in”? A. en- B. endo- C. intra- D. none of the above 20._____ means surgical repair of an organ. A. phag/o B. –plasm C. –plasty D. –pathy
平凉机电工程学校 二○一○——二○一一学年第二学期期末考试 09 级各专业《英语》试题（卷） 一．语音（10分）找出与其它三个单词划线部分读音不同的选项。 1. A. hate B. brave C.have D.escape 2. A. warm B. waring C. quarter D. regular 3. A. fever B. hero C. zero D. period 4. A. wear B. earth C. research D. heard 5. A. foolish B. blood C. choose D. shoot 6. A. picture B. future C. failure D. temperature 7. A. excellent B. exact C. example D. exist 8. A. nation B. station C. education D. question 9. A. expression B. television C. decision D. conclusion 10. A. knocked B. helped C. laughed D. planned 二．单项选择。（30分） 11. Do you mind my smoking here? A. No, thanks. B. No, good idea. C. Yes, please D. Yes, better not 12. What a beautiful picture you’ve drawn! A. Not at all B. Thank you C. You’re great D. I’m proud of you 13. How about going to the cinema? A. Good idea. B. It’s too small C. No problem D. With pleasure 14. If you need any help, just let me know. I will. A. Thank you B. Not at all C. All right D. Excuse me 15.（）The more you practice, better you draw. A. the B. / C. then D. and 16.Lily is 8—year—old girl. A. / B. a C. an D. the 17.I bought my mother some flowers on Mother’s Day. A. a B. an C. the D. / 18.What’s matter with you ? A. a B. an C. the D. / 19.There is U and S in word BUS. A. an; a; the B.a; an; the C. an; an; the D.the; the; the 20.We often go for walk after supper. A.a; the B.a; / C./; / D./; the 21.It’s very nice _________ invite me. A. that you B. for you to C. of you to D. by you to
. 目录 医护英语水平考试(护理类) 第一级模拟试题 0 医护英语水平考试(护理类) 第二级模拟试题 (11) 医护英语水平考试(护理类) 第三级模拟试题 (33) 医护英语水平考试(护理类) 第一级模拟试题 2010年6月METS模拟试题 医护英语水平考试(护理类) 第一级 Medical English Test System (METS) (For Nurses) Level 1 姓名准考证号 时间：120分钟 考生注意事项 1．严格遵守考场规则，考生得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。 2．答题前考生须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在试卷和答题卡上。
3．答客观题时，一律用2B铅笔，按照答题卡上的要求答题。如要改动答案，必须用橡皮擦干净。 4．答翻译与写作题时，必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡上答题。 5．注意字迹清楚，保持卷面整洁。 6．考试结束时将试卷和答题卡放在桌上，不得带走。待监考人员收毕清点后，方可离场。====================================== ============= ※未经批准，本试卷任何单位或个人不得保留、复制和出版，违者必究。 医护英语水平考试办公室
第一部分听力理解（20%） （20分钟） 第一节选择填空 在本节中，你将听到10个句子，每个句子后有三个选项，根据你所听到的录音，从试卷中所给的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选出正确答案填入句子空白处，并在答题卡上将相应字母涂黑。每个句子读两遍。 例如，你将听到以下容： I’ve got an awful pain in my belly. 请看选项： I’ve got an awful pain in my ______. [A] joints [B] armpit [C] belly 根据你所听到的录音，答案应选[C]项。[A] [B] [C] 下面请听这些句子 1. I’ll take some blood from your _________. [A] eye [B] ear [C] hair 2. The patient got rapid ___________. [A] pulse [B] pus [C] pass 3. I’ll do a _______ test first to see if you are allergic to this. [A] scan [B] skin [C] scar 4. In ancient（古代）times, doctors used to ______ people when they were ill. [A] blood [B] bladder [C] bleed 5. Proper _______exercise is very helpful to the patient’s recovery. [A] daily [B] dairy [C] deadly
加工方法拉力强度机械性能 低碳钢或铁基层金属& 镀镍镀黄铜 马氏铁体淬火退火淬火 高温回火应力退火温度– 晶粒取向()及非晶粒取向(硬磁材料 表面处理硬度电镀方法锌镀层质量 表面处理拉伸应变焊接防止生锈 硬度及拉力& 连续铸造法 珠光体单相金属 渗碳体奥氏体软磁硬磁 疲劳测试热膨胀系数比重 化学性能物理性能再结晶 硬化包晶反应包晶合金共晶 临界温度自由度相律 金属间化物固熔体置换型固熔体 米勒指数's 晶体结构金属与合金 金属特性抗腐蚀及耐用& 强度无机非金属燃料电池 新能源 材料科学专业学术翻译必备词汇材料科学专业学术翻译必备词汇编号中文英文 1 合金 2 材料 3 复合材料 4 制备 5 强度 6 力学 7 力学性能 8 复合 9 薄膜 10 基体 11 增强 12 非晶 13 基复合材料 14 纤维 15 纳米 16 金属 17 合成 18 界面 19 颗粒 20 法制备 21 尺寸22 形状 23 烧结 24 磁性 25 断裂 26 聚合物 27 衍射 28 记忆 29 陶瓷 30 磨损 31 表征 32 拉伸 33 形状记忆 34 摩擦 35 碳纤维 36 粉末 37 溶胶 38 凝胶 39 应变 40 性能研究 41 晶粒 42 粒径 43 硬度 44 粒子 45 涂层 46 氧化 47 疲劳 48 组织 49 石墨 50 机械 51 相变 52 冲击 53 形貌 54 有机 55 损伤 56 有限 57 粉体 58 无机 59 电化学 60 梯度 61 多孔 62 树脂 63 扫描电镜 64 晶化 65 记忆合金 66 玻璃 67 退火 68 非晶态 69 溶胶-凝胶 70 蒙脱土 71 样品 72 粒度 73 耐磨 74 韧性 75 介电 76 颗粒增强 77 溅射 78 环氧树脂 79 纳米 80 掺杂 81 拉伸强度 82 阻尼 83 微观结构 84 合金化
2009 —2010学年第一学期 化学与材料学院（系）07级应用化学专业 《专业英语》期末试卷 1.Write the structural formula or Chinese name for each of the following (2% for each answer): （1）barium ion: （2）chlorate ion: （3）potassium ion: （4）carbonic acid: （5）ammonium ion: （6）pyrrole:（吡咯） （7）polystyrene: (聚苯乙烯) （8）p-hydroxybenzoic acid:(对羟基苯甲酸)（9）benzonitrile (苄腈) （10）critical pressure: （临界压力）（11）methanal: （甲醛）（12）buffer solution :（缓冲溶液）（13）alkali burette:（碱式滴定管）（14）extract ：(萃取)（15）tetrasulfur dinitride: （S4N2）（16）aldose:（醛醣）（17）sodium dihydrogenphosphate (磷酸二氢钠) （18）zinc oxide: （19）6-ethyl-4-methyldecane: （20）quantitative analysis: （定量分析） 2.Write the English name for each of the following(2% for each answer): （1）IBr: （2）天平（balance）（3）阴离子(anion) （4）H2SO3 （5）滴液漏斗: （dropping funnel）（6）CuNO3: （7）AgF: （8）滴定（n.）:(titrate)（9）Ca(MnO4)2: （10）辛醇: （11）十三烷： （12）(CH3CH2)2Hg: (diethylmercury) （13） CH3CHCH CH2 3: （14） CH3CH2CHCOOH CH3: （15）
护理专业英语课后答案习题(3) 1. lots of time and even some support 2. the first six months of life 3. before the baby is born 4. 10 or 12 times 5. aids in milk transfer Study Practice I. Reading Comprehension 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D II. Words to Practice 1. manifest 6. inferiority 2. cognitive 7. apathetic 3. Cohesion 8. Mutilation 4. somatic 9. catheter 5. rationalization 10. detachment III.Translation A. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. 护士应提供启发式的合理解释来应对儿童不切实际的恐惧，并进行干预，从使恐惧造成的损伤降到最小(比如可在操作中鼓励父母陪伴，或尽可能让儿童自己作决定)。 2. 治疗性游戏应该在无威胁的环境中进行,时间也应该有所保证。指导游戏的工作人员应该接受儿童游戏中的行为,避免表示赞成或不赞成。 B. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Superficial phlebitis is a common complication of continuous intravenous injection. 2. Without communication, the nurse is unable to determine whether implementation of nursing intervention is successful. 3. Even in his irritability he was gentle, for his wife was pregnant. 4. Please do not drink hot tea after eating fruit to avoid diarrhea. 5. Contracture of muscle or scar tissues may result in distortion or deformity, especially in joints of the body. IV. Audio Tasks
材料科学与工程专业英语第三版翻译以及答案 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】
UNIT 1 一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象，交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐（recreation）和食品生产，事实上（virtually），我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。历史上，社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切（intimately）相关，事实上，早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的（石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代）。 二、早期的人类仅仅使用（access）了非常有限数量的材料，比如自然的石头、木头、粘土（clay）、兽皮等等。随着时间的发展，通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。这些性材料包括了陶瓷（pottery）以及各种各样的金属，而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。此时，材料的应用（utilization）完全就是一个选择的过程，也就是说，在一系列有限的材料中，根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料，直到最近的时间内，科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得，使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。因此，为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会，成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来，包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。 三、由于很多新的技术的发展，使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆，例如：如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材，或者没有其他可以替代（substitute）的东西，汽车就不可能被生产，在现代、复杂的（sophisticated）电子设备依赖于半导体（semiconducting）材料四、有时，将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科（subdiscipline）是非常有用的，严格的来说，材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系，与此相反，材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系，来设计和生产具有预定性
江南大学英语语言文学宾题冋忆版基础英语，词汇部分，有不是专八单词的部分，有点难，修辞， 今年貌似没书上原题，比较简单，改错，专八难度，无选项填空考的是一篇关于命令下达方式的不 太难。阅读，题量很大，3篇10问，不太能真接找到答案，要总结，作文给了马克吐温的一句话写自己的看法。翻译写作，英翻汉两篇，第一篇关于哲学，第二篇叙事，不太难，个别单词比较难。 汉翻英，考了荷塘月色，还有屮国经济可持续发展，发展方式之类的，没有考参考书上的。总Z时 间很紧。南京大学英语语言学2013考研真题冋忆 第一题，与去年相同，依然是术语区分l.fricative vs. affricate 2.meronymy vs. hyponymy 3.positive face vs. negative face 4.sense vs. reference 相比Z下，今年该题偏简单，第一个不清楚，后三个都是很基木的概念，平时复习注意总结，结 合例了用自己的语言表达出来即可。 第二题，依然是二分法 1.inter natio nalizati on 2.The weather in Chicago today is no good for watching cridket. 第三题，选择，要求找出四个选项屮与其他三个选项不同的那个选项，并用一句话解释，共10道题，每题3分，该题大部分部是刘新仁那木语言学第二、第三章的内容，语音，重读，因索，词 类，构词法基本齐一题。另外还考了一道semantic relation,这个基木近儿年每年都考，这个是重 点，也容易理解，这几分一定得拿到手，因为基木上没人失分。最后一道是语用学里的，Speech act theory. 第四题，简答题，给了5个新闻标题，要我们分析，what rules are there when we write elliptical English newspaper headlines? (1) 3 Arrested in New Orleans Hospital (2)Blast Kills 53 in Iraq Holy city (3)Missio n Applauded as Shuttle Returns (4)U.S. at odds with Allies on Mideast Conflicts (5)0ptimism on Both Sides of Gay-marriage Debate 然后再为今夭的考试 写一个新闻标题 第五题，简答题。irre呂ulat verbs n go""come" ,their past-tense are "went""came".再举出两个这样 的例了，然后总结它们的共同特征。并从这些特征研究英语构词法。 第六题,简答题。两种动词，drive, finish.,其中drive可以跟for+ time, finish跟in+time,反Z 不对，分析这两种动词，并用这两个词造两个复杂的句了。 第七题，两个笑话，要用语言学术语分析它们为什么可笑。(1)baby pig -—piglet 然示baby toy 应该是？------- toilet 这个应该是overgeneralization (2)A : William has asked me for a loan of five pouds. Should I be doing right in len ding it to him? B: Certai nly. A: Why? B: Because otherwise he would try to borrow it from me. 这个我实在。。。。 第丿I题，Charterizing learners' English peoficiercy often calls for a meticulous an alysis of their output, writte n or spoke n, in terms of accuracy, complexity, fluency, and idiomaticity. How can the four items be measured spec讦ically?
护理多采用WHO对健康的定义：“健康不仅是没有疾病或虚弱，它是一种生理、心理、社会适应的完全良好状态。” Nurses agree the definition from WHO, that is “health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. 疾病是健康连续过程的中断，通过机体各部分、器官和系统的异常和紊乱表现出来Disease is an interruption in the continuous process of health, manifested by abnormalities or disturbance in the structure and function of body parts, organs or systems. 健康促进是一个促使更好的控制和改善其健康状况的过程，其主要目的在于挖掘健康潜力，维持身体的平衡。 Positive health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their own health, aimed primarily at improving health potential and maintaining health balance. 护理程序是组织护理活动的一种方法，包括脑力和体力的活动 The nursing process is a method for organizing nursing actions involving both intellectual and physical activities. 护理程度具有系统性，要求护士具备解决问题、批判性思维、决策制定的能力，以及识别病人健康状况的基本的护理知识。 The n2ursing process is a systematic process and requires problem solving, critical thinking and decision-making , and a substantial knowledge basis to identify the status of client. 护理诊断是陈述护士确立的并有能力解决的有关病人现存的或潜在的健康问题 Nursing diagnosis is a statement of an actual or potential health problem that a nurse is licensed and competent to treat. 病人的健康状况会随着时间的变化而有所变化。所以护理计划和护理措施也必须进行相应的调整 The client’s health status may change with time. So it is necessary to revise the nursing plan and nursing intervention accordingly. 健康的定义既包含了健康定性的方面有包含了其定量的方面；即健康既可以用数字测量，又可用生活满意度、希望、个人和社会目标等因素进行测量 This definition of health is both qualitative and quantitative; health is measured both in numbers and by factors such as satisfaction with life, hope, and personal and social goals. 健康教育是一个集知识、心理和社会各方面因素为一体的过程，通过一系列的活动，以提高人们做出有利于个人、家庭和社区健康有关活动的决策能力。 Health education is a holistic process with intellectual, psychological, and social dimensions relating to activities that increase the abilities of people to make informed decisions that affect their personal, family, and community well-being. 健康教育的目的是实现许多健康目标，包括个体及家庭的发展、康复、知情同意、应对和自我护理。 The purposes of health education are to reach a number of health goals, including individual and family development, rehabilitation, informed consent, coping, and self-care. 康复是一个动态过程，它有计划地适应生活方式的改变，是对疾病或外伤事故所致的意外改变的反应 Rehabilitation is a dynamic process of adaptive change in lifestyle in response to unplanned change imposed on the individual by disease or traumatic incident. 影响压力源强度的因素有：压力源本身的强度、压力源的持续时间、个体应对压力的经验、个体对压力源重要性的感知，已经十分还存在其他的压力。
《土木工程材料》主要的计算类型： 1.Mix design calculation show a dry mix of cement 310kg, water 180kg, sand 688kg, and gravel 1220kg. The moisture contents of sand and gravel are 3.5% and 1.8% respectively. Find the field mix proportions. 2.Dry mix proportions of C20 concrete is 1:2.6:4.6:0.6, the other conditions are: specific gravity of cement=3.1g/cm3, Apparent density of sand=2.6g/cm3 Please calculate； (1)The amount of each compound in 1m3 concrete. (2)When check the above mix proportions and 5% of cement and water must be extra-added to obtain qualified slump, and the apparent density of concrete mixture is tested as 2390kg/m3, please determine the amount of each compound after adjusting its workability. 3.The sieve analysis results of sand is as follows: Please judge how about the fineness of sand. 4. 500g river sand is oven dried to a constant weight 486g, please calculate water absorption of this sand. 5.The raw materials used in concrete are the following: Cement: 42.5MPa, Gravel: crushed stone, W/C=0.60 Question: Whether this materials can be used to produce some C30 concrete? 6. One block of standard clay brick, the dimension is 240mm×115mm×53mm. its
1.Why are cast metal sheet ingots hot-rolled first instead of being cold-rolled? Because of cold rolling is to use hot rolled steel coils as the raw material, after acid pickling to remove oxide skin for cold rolling, the finished product is hard roll, because of cold work hardening caused by deformation of continuous cold rolling hard roll strength, increase hardness, toughness and plastic index decreased, so the stamping performance will deteriorate, can only be used for simple deformation of the parts 2.What type of heat treatment is given to the rolled metal sheet after hot and “warm” rolling? What is its purpose? 轧钢的热处理的类型？轧钢热处理的目的？ Heat treatment of the main types are annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, solution treatment and aging treatment, cold treatment, chemical treatment, etc. Annealing： The steel is heated to a certain temperature and heat preservation for a period of time, and then make it slowly cooling, called annealing. Steel annealing is a heat the steel to the phase change or part of the phase change temperature, slow cooling after heat preservation heat treatment method. The purpose of annealing is to eliminate tissue defects, improve the organization make composition uniformity and fine grains, increase mechanical properties of the steel, reduce residual stress; Can decrease the hardness at the same time, improve the plasticity and toughness, improve machinability. So before annealing in order to eliminate and improve both the legacy of tissue defects and internal stress, and to prepare for the follow-up process, so the annealing is belong to the intermediate heat treatment, also called heat treatment in advance Normalizing： Normalizing is heated to above the critical temperature of steel, to all into homogeneous austenitic steel, heat treatment and natural cooling in air. It can eliminate hypereutectoid steel mesh cementite, for hyposteel normalizing can refine crystal lattice, improve comprehensive mechanical properties, low requirements for the parts use the normalized instead of the annealing process is more economic. Quenching: Quenching is the steel is heated to above the critical temperature, heat preservation for a period of time, then quickly into the quenching medium, the temperature plummeted, rapid cooling at greater than the critical cooling rate of speed, which is mainly composed of martensite and unbalanced heat treatment method of the organization. Can increase strength and hardness of the steel quenching, but to reduce its plasticity. That is commonly used in quenching hardening agent are: water, oil, caustic soda, and salt solution, etc
护理专业常用英语词汇 一、Commonly Used Nursing Terms(常用护理技术用语) Nursing processes Assessment Nursing diagnosis Planning Intervention (implementation, management) Evaluation Daily care of the patient Morning (evening) care, AM (HS) care Bedmaking Oral hygiene (mouth care) Brushing the teeth Flossing the teeth Denture care Bathing Cleanliness and skin car Perineal care Hair care Shaving Care of nails and feet Changing hospital gowns Massage Bedsore care 褥疮护理 Measurement of vital signs 测量生命体征Taking oral (rectal, axillary) temperature Taking a radial pulse Counting respirations Measuring (taking) blood pressure Catheterization Cardiac catheterization Laryngeal catheterization; intubation Retro-urethral catheterization Urethral catheterization 护理过程 估计 护理诊断 计划 措施（实施、管理） 评价 对病人的日常护理 晨（晚）间护理 整理床铺 口腔卫生 刷牙 清牙垢 清洗假牙 洗澡 清洁与皮肤护理 会阴部护理 梳头 刮脸 指甲修剪和洗脚 更换住院服装 按摩 褥疮护理 测量生命体征 测量口腔（直肠、腋下）温度测量桡动脉脉搏 计呼吸次数 测量血压 导管插入术 心导管插入术 喉插管术 逆行导尿管插入术 尿道导管插入术
单选题 1. --When shall wemeet again? --Make it ________day you like, it's up to you. A one B any C another D some 2. I first met Marythree years ago when we _________ in a middle school together. A have worked B had been working 3. Paul doesn ' t haveto be made ..He is always a hard -working student. study to study studied studying 4. The book by a famous writer. C were working D had worked A was believed to write B believed to be written
C was believed to bewritten D believe to write 5. Our team ________ the match yesterday. A、won B b eat C d efeated :;|D caught 6. youunderstand this rule, you II have no further difficulty. A Once B Unless C Only D Until 7. I am lookingforward to ________ f rom you as soon as possible. A hear B be hearing C hearing D have heard 8. --She asked youwhen _______ again? --Tell her thatI'll let her know when he _____ . A he came; comes B would he come; will come