现在完成时
一．定义：
1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的
影想或结果）
例：The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）
Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）2.表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态，甚至有可能继续延续下去。
可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。这时表示持续动作
My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.
我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002.
自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。
How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？
二．现在完成时的构成：
past present future
肯定式：主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.
疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词?
否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.
例句：
Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆吗？
Yes ,he has. 是的，是去那里了。
No, he hasn’t. 不，他没去那里。
How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？
Smith夫人来北京多长时间了？
三．用法：
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
-- It’s so dark.
--Someone has turned off the light.
(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)
-- Are you free?
--I have finished my homework. I am free.
(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)
2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.
I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。
(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)
She has swum since half an hour ago.
我已经游泳了半个小时。
(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
3.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。
常与频度副词如often,always,every week,twice等连用。
I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。
He has always said so.他总是这么说.
四．现在完成时的标志词：
(一)当句中有never(从来没有), ever(曾经), just(刚刚), already(肯定), yet(否定), before(以前)，recently(近来)，so far(到目前为止)，in the past/last few
Years(在过去几年里)等时，常用现在完成时。
a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。
He has already left here.
他已经离开这里了。
Has he already left here?
他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）
My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet.
我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
Have you written to your parents yet?
你已经给你父母写过信了吗？
b）never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”
We have never been to the Great Wall.
我们从来没有去过长城。
Have you ever been to Canada?
你们曾经去过加拿大吗？
c）just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）
He has just come back.
他刚刚回来。
They have just finished the work.
他们刚刚完成那项工作。
（二）当句中有"for +段时间"或"since +点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。
a）for +一段时间
I have been here for 5 weeks.
He’s studied English for 3 years.
b）since +表示过去某一时间的)时间点
I have been here since 2000.
I have been here since 5 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
注1): since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.
Eg. I have been here (ever) since.
I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.
注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用how long, 决不能用when.
I have lived here for 10 years.
How long have you lived here?
She has stood here since 2 hour ago.
How long has she stood here?
五．现在完成时注意事项：
1.短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换
leave--be away (from)
come/go (to) --be (in/at)
arrive (at/in)-- be (in/at)
get (to)--be (in/at)
reach--be (in/at)
buy--have
borrow--keep
finish--be over
join--be in/be a/an...
start/begin--be on
die--be dead
close--be closed
open--be open
return--be back
marry--be married
become--be
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。
We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。
2.have been 与have gone 的用法比较
have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。
have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”
Has she ever been to Nanjing?
她曾去过南京吗？
You have never been there, have you?
你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？
I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.
我去过桂林，我去年去的。
She has gone to Nanjing.
她已经去南京了。
3.与一般过去时的用法比较
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
2 ）一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago, last week/...In 2008, in the past, just now, the day beforeyesterday, yesterday ...Then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前)
现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice,so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。
现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
现在完成时历年中考真题
一 . has gone to, has been to, has been in 的区别
1 (11黑龙江绥化)-- Where is Bob? -- He _____ to Harbin for a meeting.
A went
B has been
C has gone
2 (11南宁)She isn’t at the cinema now because she the library.
A. has been to
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. has gone to
3 (11烟台)—I think the man over there must be Bob.
B.-- It_______ be him. He has______ to Australia.
A. can’t, gone
B. can’t, been
C. may not, been
D. mustn't, gone
4【2011江苏徐州】— Are you going to the bank, Laura? —No, I ______ to the bank already.
A. have been
B. have gone
C. am going
D. had been
5【2011呼和浩特】----Oh, you are here. I'm looking for you all the morning.
______?
----To the library.
A. Where have you gone
B. Where will you go
C. Where are you going
D. Where have you been?
6【2011四川雅安】 They _____ England and they will be back next week.
A. have gone to
B. have been to D. has been on
7【2011辽宁本溪】—Is Mr. Smith still in Shanghai?
—Yes, he ______ there for two months.
A. has been
B. has gone
C. has been to
D. has gone to
8【2011江苏泰州】—How well do you know the Opera House?
—I know the place very well. I ____ Sydney many times.
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. have arrived in
二 .
A 现在完成时看关键词选答案常见关键词有since+时间点、 for+时间段、already, yet, so far, once, twice, many times等
1【2011贵州毕节】I_____ many new friends since I came here．
A．make B．made C．will make D．have made
2【2011福建莆田】Mrs. Wang came back from France in 2010.
She _____ there for four years.
A. works
B. worked
C. has worked
3【2011北京】My aunt is a writer. She ____ more than ten books since 1980.
A. writes
B. wrote
C. has written
D. will write
4 (11河南)—Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown’s office?
—Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ here for only a few days.
A. work
B. worked
C. have worked
D. will work
5 (11泉州)—Dad, I ______station for 30 minutes. But nobody came to meet me. — Don’t worry. I will go to meet you soon.
A. arrived at
B. have been at
C. will reach
6 (11陕西)Some students in Shanghai______e-bags for several months.
A. have
B. have had
C. had
D. will have
B 现在完成时没有关键词，根据句义判断，即过去发生的动作对现在产生了影响。
1【2011河北省】I______my homework. I guess I can't join you.
A. don't finish
B. didn't finish
C. haven't finished
D. won't finish
2【2011重庆江津】A: How clean the bedroom is!
B: Yes, I am sure that someone ______ it.
A. cleans
B. cleaned
C. has cleaned
D. had cleaned
3 【2011广西贵港】 My pen pal said he would write to me,
but I ___ any letters from him so far.
A. won’t receive
B. haven’t received
C. hadn’t received
D. didn’t receive
4【2011广西贺州】Our country ______the sixth population census(人口普查) already.
A. finished
B. has finished
C. will finish
D. finishes
5【2011湖北襄阳】---- Why won’t you go to the movie with me, Gina? ---- Because I ______ it twice.
A. see
B. have seen
C. saw
D. will see
C 现在完成时瞬间动词变延续性动词，如join—be in, begin—be on, leave—be away, borrow—keep, buy—have, marry—be married等
1【2011四川雅安】She _______ this book for nearly three weeks.
A. has borrowed
B. has lent
C. has bought
D. has kept
2【2011广东清远】Echo _____ for half a month. She'll come hack in two months.
A. left B leave C. has left D. has been away
3【2011贵州遵义】Thomas ______ the army for two years,
so he misses his mother very much.
A. has joined
B. has taken part in
C. has been in
4【2011重庆】I ______my hometown for a long time. I really miss it!
A. left
B. went away from
C. have left
D. have been away from
5【2011江苏淮安】
British Prince William(威廉王子) and Kate _____ for nearly two months.
A. married
B. have married
C. have been married
D. have got married
6【2011广东肇庆】You are too late. The film ______ since half an hour ago.
A. has begun
B. has been on
C. began
7【2011四川达州】— Do you know Lucy’s grandma?
—Of course.
She is a kind woman, but she has_______ for about a month since she __ in the acci dent.
A. been dead; was killed
B. died; was killed
C. been dead; killed
D. died;killed
D 现在完成时被动结构
1【2011四川资阳】So far this year,
many new houses ________ in Wenchuan with the help of the government.
A. build
B. are built
C. will build
D. have been built
2【2011广西柳州】Half of the work ______ by now.
A. has finished
B. has been finished
C. have been finished
3【2011海南张家界】The news _______ to the public yet.
Only a few people know.
A. hasn’t told
B. has been told
C. hasn’t been told
4（2010南京中考）—Can you sing this English song?
--Of course, I can. It ______many times on the radio.
A. taught
B. has taught
C. is taught
D. has been taught
综合小检测
1. My aunt is a writer. She ______ more than ten books since 1980.
A. writes
B. wrote
C. has written
D. will write
2. My grandmother _______ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.
A. sees
B. can see
C. will see
D. has seen
3. Some students in Shanghai _________ e-bags for several months.
A. have
B. have had
C. had
D. will have
4. -- I've not finished my project yet.
-- Hurry up! Our friends ____________ for us. (2011 江苏南京, 12)
A. have waited
B. wait
C. waiting
D. are waiting
5. The last time I ________ to the cinema was two years ago. (2011 浙江杭州, 21)
A. go
B. have gone
C. have been
D. went
6. --Have you ever been to Shanghai? --Yes. I _________ there a few month ago.
A. have been
B. went
C. have gone
D. been
7. --Would you like to go and see Avatar with me tonight?
--Thank you very much, but I _______ it already. (2010 天津, 43)
A. see
B. will see
C. have seen
D. am seeing
8. Tina and her parents _______ to England for sightseeing last summer. (2010 上海,
40)
A. go
B. went
C. will go
D. have gone
9. The Harry potter books _________ pretty popular since they were published.
A. become
B. will become
C. have become
D. are becoming
10. Miss Gao isn't here. She ________ to the bus station to meet Mr. Brown.
A. go
B. has gone
C. has been
D. would go
11. Why not come over at the weekend? My family ________ seeing you again.
A. enjoyed
B. would enjoy
C. will enjoy
D. have enjoyed
12. Sam _________ Chinese since he came to China. He speaks good Chinese now.
A. learns
B. learned
C. has learned
D. will learn
13. --When ____ your mother ______ you that blue dress, Mary?
--Sorry, I really can't remember.
A. does; buy
B. has; bought
C. had; bought
D. did; buy
14. --How long have Mr. and Mrs. Smith ________? --For more than twenty years.
A. married
B. had married
C. got married
D. been married
15. --The TV show Home With kids is so wonderful. You shouldn't miss it.
--If I have time, I _____ it.
A. see
B. saw
C. will see
D. have seen
16. -- Is that Mr. Green speaking?
--Sorry, he isn’t in. He ______________ abroad on business last week.(2011上海)
A. go
B. went
C. will go
D. has gone
17. –They say there is a new restaurant near here.
– Yes, and it _____________ for more than a week. (2011湖北武汉)
A. has been open
B. opens
C. is opening
D. is open
18. Alice, turn down the TV, please. I ____________ on the phone. (2011海南)
A. have talked
B.talked
C. am talking
D. talk
19. --Will Jenny come tomorrow?
--I’m not sure. She _________ an hour ago without saying anything.(2011湖北)
A. has left
B. left
C. leave
D. will leave
20. _______ many students in China ever _________ to westerners before? (2010江苏南京)
A. Are, speaking
B. Do, speak
C. Did, speak
D. Have, spoken
21. --Hi Jimmy! Nice to meet you! --Hi! It’s one year since I last （上次）______ you.
A. saw
B. see
C. seeing
D. have seen
22. The children __________ a P.E. class on the playground when it suddenly began to rain.
A. have
B. are having
C. had
D. were having
23. I _____________ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now. (2010河北)
A. borrow
B. have borrowed
C. kept
D. have kept
24. Help! Wang Qiang _________ an accident. (2009山东)
A. was having
B. had had
C. hashad
D. will have
一、时态讲解：现在完成时 （1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, fo r…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： a)since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since 2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
现在完成时练习题 一，单选 1 -----What are you to do this Sunday? -----I ______yet. A . won’t decide B .didn’t decide C .haven’t decided D .don’t decide 2 I _____to Canada twice. It’s so beautiful . A .won’t go B .have gone C .don’t go D .have been 3 The life we were used to ______greatly since 1992. A .change B . has changed C .changing D .have changed 4 -----How long has Eliza been a nurse(护士)? -----______ A .Since 2002 B .Four years ago C .In 2002 D .At 2002 5-----How long ____you _____stamps(邮票)? ------Since two years ago . A .have ,collected(收集) B .did ,collect C .have ,been collecting D .are collecting 6 My father _____ on business(出差) for two weeks .He’ll return in three days. A .left B .has left C .has gone D .has been away 7 -----Kitty ,will you go to s ee the film “Cold Mountain”this evening ? ------No, I won’t . I ____ it already . A .saw B . have seen C .see D .will see 8----Scott has already returned to our town -----Really? Where ____ you ____ him ? A . do ,see B .have ,seen C .did ,see D .has ,seen 9 ----How long have you ____China? ------ For three years . A .come back B .return C . left D .been away from
与现在完成时连用的时间状语 现在完成时表示的是发生在过去，而与现在的情况有联系的动作，或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在而且可能继续持续下去的动作。与现在完成时连用的时间状语，在说明发生在过去而与现在情况有联系的动作时，有时显得难以确定，学生在使用这些时间状语时也容易出错。本文根据现在完成时的用法，将与其连用的时间状语做如下归纳。 一．现在完成时说明的是现在的情况，因此不能和表示过去时间的状语（如yesterday ,l ast week , seven days ago , in 1986 ----）连用。但是现在完成时可以 和表示过去时间的副词just , before连用。例如： 1.I’ve just done my homework . 2.I have never lost a book before . 二．现在完成时可以和表示不确定的时间副词already , yet , never , ever连用。例如： 1.have you forgotten already ？ 2.Have you found your ruler yet ? 3.I’ve never heard of that before . 4.–Have you / they ever made dumplings ? --No , I /we /they haven’t . 二．表示持续性动作的动词的现在完成时，经常和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如: 1.I’ve been here for just over two years . 2.I’ve worked here since 1989 . 3.He has worked there since it opened in 1989 . 三．现在完成时属于现在时态，因此可以和包括“现在”在内的时间状语连用。例如： 1.That’s one thing I have’t forgotten today ！ 2.We’ve been in China for over two years now . 不能变被动语态的情况种种 一般来说，“及物动词+宾语”组成的主动语态的句子可以变成被动语态，但并不是所有这样的句子都可以变被动语态，情况如下： 一．当宾语是反身代词或是相互代词时，不能将主动句改为被动句，因为反身代词或相互代词不能作主语。 We should help each other . -----Each other should be helped by us .(误) They can teach themselves . -----Themselves can be taught by them .(误) 二．表示状态的动词不能变为被动语态。 I have a story book . ----A story book is had by me .(误) He lacks much money . ----Much money is lacked by him .(误)
现在完成时间和现在完成进行时 一、现在完成时 1. 通常使用现在完成时的几种情况 （1）表示过去发生的事对现在的影响 Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad. (Justin 失踪在过去，但是Kelly 至今仍旧为他的失踪感到难过) （2）表示过去的动作一直延续到现在 I haven’t seen Justin since last Friday night. (从上周五晚上到现在一直没有见到过Justin) (3)表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要 The boy has already come home. (男孩已经回家，但没有指出何时回家) （4）表示刚结束的动作 The police have just finished searching the area. (警方刚结束对该地区的搜查) （5）表示反复发生的动作 Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times. (村民曾多次看到UFO) 2. 现在完成时的结构 现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。 3. 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 （1）表示过去的事或动作对现在有影响，动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束，一般可用already (用于肯定句)、yet （用于否定和疑问句）、ever、just、recently、lately 和never Tom has already come home. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. I’ve met the old man somewhere before. （2）表示从过去开始，并一直持续到现在，一般用for/since短语或由since 引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语，在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语，或表示过去时间的状语从句。 We haven’t seen him for two days/since last Monday. We haven’t seen him since he left Nanjing. 4. 现在完成时的应用 (1) 非持续性动词go, come, leave, borrow, buy, die, join的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连 用，若要接用时间段状语，则应换成相应的持续动词或状态动词。如： He has left. 他走了。 He has been away for an hour. 他走了一个小时了。 Can I borrow that book? 我可以借那本书吗? How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可借多久？ 注意：非持续性动词的否定完成时可与时间段状语连用。如： He has not borrowed the book since then. 从此以后，他再也没有借这本书了。 (2) have / has been to 表示曾经去过某地，但现在不在那儿；have / has gone to表示现在已去 某地，现在不在这儿。如： He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. 他去过加拿大，现在在我们公司工作。
转载现在完成时练习题及答案一、翻译下列句子： 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。 7.这本字典我已买了三年了。8.他离开中国三年了。 9.我认识他们五年了。 10.他们已去了美国五年了。 11.自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。 12.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 13.自从1999年以来他们就认识。 14.我来到这个学校已3年多了。 二、用since和for填空 1.______two years 2.____two years ago 3.___last month 4.______ 1999 5._______yesterday 6._______ 4 o’clock 7 4 hours 8._____an hour ago 9.___we were children 10._____ lunch time 11.____ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him ______ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years. 16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 ① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp → be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there 1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for . 2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since . 3) I went home yesterday. I home for . 4) They came here last week. They ___________ here since _____________. ②come to / go back to / return to→ be back to go out → be out 1) He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________. 2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ to Beijing since __________. ③become → be 1) I became a teacher in 2000. I ________________ a teacher for _________________. 2) The river became dirty last year. The river _______ _______ dirty for _______ ________. ④close → be closed open → be open 1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _______________ ______ for _________________. 2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours. ⑤ get up → be up；die → be dead；leave sp. → be away from sp. fall asleep / get tot sleep → be asleep；finish / end → be over；marry → be married； 1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______since _______________. 2) He left Shanghai just now.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for five minutes.
现在完成时（一） 一、构成：由“助动词have(has)+动词过去分词”构成。当句子主 语为第三人称单数时，动词用has;其他人称用have。 1、肯定句：主语+have(has)+动词过去分词+其他成分 I have read the book already. She has come. 用完成时填空 （1）He (get) a car. (2)We (see) the film. 2、否定句：主语+have(has)+not+动词过去分词+其他成分 I haven’t seen the film. 做否定句 She (finish)the homework. They (give) me the answer yet. 3、一般疑问句，均提前have(has)，肯定回答：Yes ,主语+have(has) ,否定回答，No, 主语+haven’t(hasn’t) . Have you got an English-Chinese dictionary? Yes ,I have . No, I hav en’t .
做一般疑问句并做肯定否定回答 S he has picked the corns already . We have copied all the answers . 4、特殊疑问句： （1）疑问词做主语时 句型:疑问词(主语)+have/has+过去分词+其他 例:A:Who has /have bought these apples? 谁买了这些苹果? B:Rose/Rose's friends has/have bought them.罗斯/罗斯的朋友们买的. （2）.疑问词做主语以外的成份时. 句型:疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+… A: How long have you lived here? B: I’ve lived here for nearly 6 years. A: How many times have you been to Spain? B: I have been to Spain five times. 5、反义疑问句： She has drawn two pictures, hasn’t she? 二、动词过去分词：绝大多数动词都是规则变化在动词词尾加ed,
现在完成时阅读训练（二） Have you seen my dictionary? Tom--- T, Lucy--- T Jim---- J T: Hello, Lucy! I’ve lost my dictionary. Have you seen it anywhere? L: Sorry, I haven’t. Why don’t you ask Jim？Perhaps he’s seen it. T: Thanks, I will. L: Oh, there he is! T: Jim, have you seen my dictionary? J: Yes, I have. I saw it on Lin Tao’s desk five minutes ago. It must still be there. T: Thanks a lot. J: You’re welcome. Change these sentences 1.I’ve lost my dictionary.(变成否定句) I ____________ ___________ my dictionary. 2.Have you seen it anywhere?(变成肯定句) I _____________________ it ____________. 3.Why don’t you ask Jim？(变成同义句) Why __________ ____________ask Jim? 4.Have you seen my dictionary?(做否定和肯定回答) 5.I saw it on Lin Tao’s desk five minutes ago.(划线提问) 6.You’re welcome. (变成同义句) ______ ______ _______. What’s the surfing like today? Ted----- T, Bruce---- B T: Hi, Bruce! What’s the surfing like today? B: The waves are great. They’re much better than yesterday. T: How long have you been here in Sydney？ B: Since last Wednesday. I arrived two days before you. T: I know you’ve come to see your father. How is he? B: He’s fine, but busy. My uncle is also working here. H e’s a very good surfer. T: You’ve learnt surfing from him, haven’t you? B: That’s right. Have you ever been to Hawaii? T: Never. Why? B: The beaches there are better than the ones here. The waves are the highest in the world. T: Really? Oh, look at that man, he’s super. B: That’s my uncle. Would you like to have a try? T: Yes, very much. It looks exciting, but I don’t know how to surf B: Don’t be afraid. I’ll show you how to do it. Ⅰ.Fill these blanks 1.What’s the surfing ____________today? 2.. They’re ___________better than yesterday.
现在完成时 现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时由助动词have\has + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余用have。 I have been in Shenzhen for seven years. Lily hasn’t been to America before. 现在完成时的用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t s een you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. xx现在完成时连用的时间状语： already, yet, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never，since，for等连用。例如： I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 They have nev er been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过xx。
I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 She has been an independent girl since her father passed away. 自从父亲去世后，这女孩就变得独立了。 Jack has been a doctor for 10 years.杰克做医生已经10年了。 现在完成时的否定式和疑问句。 否定句：在have\has后加not结构：主语+has\have+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Has\Have提到主语前，其他照写。结构：Have\Has+主语+过去分词+其他 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 注意：肯定句中如有some\and，在否定句或者一般疑问句中要变成 any\or，即 some-anyand-or 以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 部分不规则变化动词表 6.注意： 1.since和for的区别 since后接过去的某个时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
现在完成时 （1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.★注意： 1）since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes. 3）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较： Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了） Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在） They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大） They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）. 4）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：
现在完成时的讲解 对所学时态的回顾，引入现在完成时 通过数轴来概括讲解所学的四个时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时。(导入）有时候,这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如:表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”,以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时，我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。同样也用数轴来表示一下。 一现在完成时的构成:主语+ hａve/hａs + 过去分词 (过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。 eg .Ｉhaｖｅtaｕght Engｌisｈiｎｔhiｓｓcｈoｏｌsincｅ1９99. 二、否定式:主语+ havｅn’t/hａsn’ｔ+过去分词。 疑问式:Have /Has + 主语＋过去分词? 简略答语：Ｙeｓ，主语+ have/has．(肯定) Ｎo，主语+ havｅｎ’t/haｓn’t.(否定） —Have you ｆinisheｄyｏurｗoｒk? —Yeｓ,I haｖe. 三现在完成时的含义之一表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与alreａｄｙ/yeｔ，just,never/evｅr,before，so far等连用。这些标志词可以表达这种含义. 1.ａlreadｙ意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例: 1)Ｉ've alrｅady rｅad tｈiｓbook. 我已经读过这本书了。 （“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。) 2)I'veｗashｅｄｍy clothes alreａｄｙ.我已经洗了衣服。 (洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。） 注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,ａlready也可用于（口语）疑问句中。实例:
（英语）初中英语现在完成时题20套(带答案) 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．— Hobo and Eddie the cinema to watch the film Zootopia. — Oh, that's why I can't find them now. A. have gone to B. have been to C. has gone to D. has been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查主谓一致。句意：——侯博和埃迪去了电影院看电影《疯狂动物城》。——哦，这就是为什么我现在找不到他们的原因。have gone to去了；been to去过。Hobo and Eddie作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。所以选A。 2．—Do you still play basketball? —Oh, no. I ____ it for the past two years. A. haven't played B. didn't play C. won't play D. hadn't played 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你还打篮球吗？——哦，不了。我已经有两年没有打过了。根据句中的for the last two years可知应与完成时态连用，又有时间是the last two years可知是从现在往前两年，因此应使用现在完成时态，故选A。 【点评】考查动词时态中的for+段时间与完成时态连用，根据时间确定是现在完成还是过去完成。 3．—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read? —I've no idea. I _____ there. A. have gone B. have been C. haven't been D. haven't gone 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：---你觉得北京怎么样，瑞得小姐？---我不知道，我没有去过那儿。短语：have been to去过某地（已经返回）；have gone to去了某地（尚未返回），根据句意，故答案为C。 【点评】考查短语辨析，区分have been to与have gone to，理解句子，根据语境判断答案。 4．The volunteers ________ a lot of help to the old and the young since 2010． A. offered B. have offered C. are offering D. will offer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】考查时态．句意"自2010以来，志愿者们向老人和青年提供了大量的帮助．"．A过去时．B现在完成时态．C现在进行时态．D一般将来时态．since+点时间通常用于现在完成时态，结构是have/has+动词的过去分词，主语是volunteers复数，用助动词
现在完成时 一、现在完成时构成 构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： 1、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2、表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998. 注意： since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 3、表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 4、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到) Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. 5、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。不能与when连用。 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 例如： She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。 Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。 I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。 They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 三、现在完成时的标志 1、现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
现在完成时 1.现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时由助动词have\has + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余用have。 I have been in Shenzhen for seven years. Lily hasn’t been to America before. 2.现在完成时的用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该 动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 3.常和现在完成时连用的时间状语： already, yet, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never，since，for等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 She has been an independent girl since her father passed away. 自从父亲去世后，这女孩就变得独立了。 Jack has been a doctor for 10 years.杰克做医生已经10年了。 4.现在完成时的否定式和疑问句。 否定句：在have\has后加not 结构：主语+has\have+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Has\Have提到主语前，其他照写。结构：Have\Has+主语+过去分词+其他 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 注意：肯定句中如有some\and，在否定句或者一般疑问句中要变成any\or，即 some-any and-or 以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：