《计算机网络》中英文对照 Chapter 1 End system P28 端系统 Modem P29 调制解调器（俗称：猫） Base station P29 基站 Communication link P30 通信链路 Physical media P30 物理介质 Coaxial cable P30 同轴电缆 Fiber optics P30 光纤 Radio spectrum P30 射频频谱 Transmission rate P30 传输速率 Packets P30 （数据）包，或分组 Routers P30 路由器 Link-layer switches P30 链路层交换机 Path P30 路径 ISP (Internet Service Provider) P30 网络服务提供商 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) P31 传输控制协议 IP ( Internet Protocol) P31 网际协议 Intranets P31 内网 API (Application Programming Interface) P32 应用程序编程接口Network edge P35 网络边缘 Access Networks P38 接入网 Ethernet P42 以太网 Network core P48 网络核心 Circuit Switching P50 电路转换 Packet Switching 分组交换 FDM (frequency-division multiplexing) P50 频分多路复用 TDM (time-division multiplexing) P50 时分多路复用 Statistical Multiplexing 统计复用 Store-and-forward 存储转发 Queuing delays P53 排队延迟 Transmission delay P60 传输延迟，或发送延迟 Propagation delay P60 传播延迟 Throughput P59 吞吐量 Internet backbone P57 骨干网 Delay P59 延迟，或时延 Loss P59 丢包 Packet-Switched Network P59 分组交换网络 Nodal processing delay P60 节点处理延迟 End-to-end delay P66 端到端延迟 Instantaneous throughput P68 瞬时吞吐量
Chapter 2 Application Layer 1. In the following four descriptions, which one is correct? A In C/S architecture, clients communicate with each other directly. B In C/S architecture, client has a fixed well-known address. C In P2P architecture, peers communicate with each other directly. D In P2P architecture, peer has a fixed well-known address. 2. In the context of a communication session between a pair of process, the process that initiates the communication is labeled as the , the process that waits to be contacted to begin the session is labeled as the . A client process, server process B sending process, receiving process C input process, output process D communicating process, connecting process 3. A socket is the interface between within a host. A the network layer and the link layer B the link layer and the physical layer C the application layer and the transport layer D the transport layer and the network layer 4. In the following applications, which one is a loss-tolerant application? A E-mail B file transfer C instant messaging D real-time audio 5. In the following applications, which one is a bandwidth-sensitive application? A E-mail B web application C real-time audio D file transfer 6. The service of TCP can’t guarantee . A delivery of all data without error B delivery of all data in the proper order
Computer Network Test Paper 1.Who invented IP and some related Internet protocols? B a)Vinton Cerf and Bob Metcalfe b)Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn c)Bob Metcalfe and Ivan Sutherland d)Bob Metcalfe and David Clark 2.In the OSI reference model, 3.The upper layers of the OSI model are, in correct order B a)Session, application, presentation b)Session, presentation, application c)Session, application, presentation, physical d)Application, presentation, session 4.The lower layers of the OSI model are, in correct order D a)physical, system, network, logical b)physical, logical, network, system c)physical, transport, network, data link d)physical, data link, network, transport 5.The Internet Protocol (IP) generally corresponds to which OSI layer? A a)Network (layer three) b)Transport (layer four) c)Data link (layer two) d)Session (layer five) 6.MTU stands for C a)Minimum Transfer Unit b)Minimum Transmission Unit c)Maximum Transmission Unit d)Maximum Transfer Unit 7.What layer of the OSI model is designed to perform error detection functions? B a)Physical b)Data link c)Network d)transport 8.Which of these network devices primarily functions at the OSI Network layer (layer 3)? C
Chapter 1 Computer Networks and the Internet 1．The ( ) is a worldwide computer network, that is, a network that interconnects millions of computing devices throughout the world. ppt3 A public Internet B Intranet C switch net D television net 2．Which kind of media is not a guided media? ( ) A twisted-pair copper wire B a coaxial cable C fiber optics D digital satellite channel 3．Which kind of media is a guided media? ( ) A geostationary satellite B low-altitude satellite C fiber optics D wireless LAN 4．The units of data exchanged by a link-layer protocol are called ( ). A Frames B Segments C Datagrams D bit streams 5．Which of the following option belongs to the circuit-switched networks? ( ) A FDM B TDM C VC networks D both A and B 6．( )makes sure that neither side of a connection overwhelms the other side by sending too many packets too fast. A Reliable data transfer B Flow control C Congestion control D Handshaking procedure 7．( ) means that the switch must receive the entire packet before it can begin to transmit the first bit of the packet onto the outbound link. A Store-and-forward transmission B FDM C End-to-end connection D TDM 8．Datagram networks and virtual-circuit networks differ in that ( ). A datagram networks are circuit-switched networks, and virtual-circuit networks are packet-switched networks. B datagram networks are packet-switched networks, and virtual-circuit networks are circuit-switched networks. C datagram networks use destination addresses and virtual-circuit networks use VC. numbers to forward packets toward their destination. D datagram networks use VC. numbers and virtual-circuit networks use destination addresses to forward packets toward their destination. 9．In the following options, which one is not a guided media? ( ) A twisted-pair wire B fiber optics C coaxial cable D satellite 10．Processing delay does not include the time to ( ). A examine the packet’s header B wait to transmit the packet onto the link C determine where to direct the packet D check bit-error in the packet 11．In the following four descriptions, which one is correct? ( ) A The traffic intensity must be greater than 1. B The fraction of lost packets increases as the traffic intensity decreases. C If the traffic intensity is close to zero, the average queuing delay will be close to zero. D If the traffic intensity is close to one, the average queuing delay will be close to one. 12．The Internet’s network layer is responsible for moving network-layer packets known as ( ) from one host to another. A frame B datagram C segment D message 13．The protocols of various layers are called ( ). A the protocol stack B TCP/IP C ISP D network protocol 14．There are two classes of packet-switched networks: ( ) networks and virtual-circuit networks. A datagram B circuit-switched C television D telephone 15．Access networks can be loosely classified into three categories: residential access, company access and ( ) access. A cabled B wireless C campus D city area Question 16～17
Chapter 5 The Link Layer and Local Area Network 1．A ( ) protocol is used to move a datagram over an individual link. A application-layer B transport-layer C network-layer D link-layer 2．The units of data exchanged by a link-layer protocol are called ( ). A datagrams B frames C segments D messages 3．Which of the following protocols is not a link-layer protocol? ( ) A Ethernet B PPP C HDLC D IP 4．In the following four descriptions, which one is not correct? ( ) A link-layer protocol has the node-to-node job of moving network-layer datagrams over a single link in the path. B The services provided by the link-layer protocols may be different. C A datagram must be handled by the same link-layer protocols on the different links in the path. D The actions taken by a link-layer protocol when sending and receiving frames include error detection, flow control and random access. 5．Which of the following services can not offered by a link-layer protocol? ( ) A congestion control B Link Access C Error control D Framing 6．( ) protocol serves to coordinate the frame transmissions of the many nodes when multiple nodes share a single broadcast link. A ARP B MAC C ICMP D DNS 7．In the following four descriptions about the adapter, which one is not correct? ( ) A The adapter is also called as NIC. B The adapter is a semi-autonomous unit. C The main components of an adapter are bus interface and the link interface. D The adapter can provide all the link-layer services. 8．Consider CRC error checking approach, the four bit generator G is 1011, and suppose that the data D is 10101010, then the value of R is( ). A 010 B 100
计算机网络名词 英文缩写解释大全 计算机网络名词 英文缩写解释大全 AAL ATM适配层ATM Adaptation Layer ABR 可用比特率Available Bit Rate ACR 衰减串扰比 ADPCM 自适应差分PCM ADSL 非对称数字环路Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line AMI ATM Management Interface AMPS 先进型移动电话系统Advanced Mobile Phone System ANS 高级网络与服务Advanced Networks and Services ANSI 美国国家标准协会American National Standard Institute APON 无源光纤网络 ARP 地址解析协议Address Resolution Protocol ARQ 自动重发请求Automatic Repeat Request AS 自制系统Autonomous System ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit(Chip)
ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One ATD 异步时分复用Asynchronous Time Division ATM 异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer Mode BBS 电子公告板Bulletin Board System BER 误比特率bit error rate BGP 边界网关协议Border Gateway Protocol BICMOS 双极型CMOS BIP-8 Bit Interleaved Parity-8 B-ISDN 宽带综合业务数字网Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network BMI Bus-Memory Interface BOOTP 引导协议BOOTstrapping Protocol BRI 单一ISDN基本速率 BUS 广播和未知服务器Broadcast/Unknown Server CAC 连接接纳控制Connection Admission Control CATV 公用天线电视 CBDS 无连接宽带数据服务 CBR 连续比特率Continuous Bit Rate CCITT 国际电话电报咨询委员会 CD Carrier Detect
计算机常用名词缩写 局域网LAN 无线局域网WLAN 城域网MAN 广域网W AN 万维网WWW 国际标准化组织ISO 开放系统互联OSI 超文本传输协议HTTP 互联网协议IP 传输控制协议TCP 用户数据报协UDP 文件传输协议FTP 域名系统DNS 网络接入点NAP 异步传输模式ATM 国际电信联盟ITU 无线电通信部门ITU-R 电信标准化部门ITU-T 开发部门ITU-D 电气和电子工程师协会IEEE Internet 体系结构委员会IAB Internet 研究任务组IRTF Internet 工程任务组IETF 无屏蔽双绞线UTP 公共交换电话网络PSTN 汇接点POP 数字用户线路DSL 非对称数字用户线路ADSL 离散的多信道调制DMT 无线本地回路WLL 频分多路复用FDM 时分多路复用TDM 波分多路复用WDM 数字的高级移动电话系统D-AMPS 全球移动通信系统GSM 码分多路访问CDMA 通用分组无线业务GPRS 同步数据链路控制SDLC 高级数据通信控制规程ADCCP 高级数据链路控制HDLC 链路访问规程LAP 点到点协议PPP 链路控制协议LCP 网络控制协议NCP 介质访问控制MAC 载波侦听多路访问CSMA 带冲突检测的CSMA CSMA/CD 冲突避免的CSMA CSMA/CA 波分复用多路访问WDMA 基站AP 避免冲突的多路访问MACA 无线的MACA 逻辑链路控制LLC 跳频扩频FHSS 直接序列扩频DSSS 正交频分多路复用OFDM 高速率的直接序列扩展HR-DSSS 分布式协调功能DCF 点协调功能PCF 基本服务集BSS 基本服务区BSA 分配系统DS 扩展的服务集ESS 本地多点分发服务LMDS 周边区域网络PAN 逻辑链路控制适应协议L2CAP 流的服务质量QoS 多协议标签交换MPLS 网络地址转换NAT 无类别域间路由CIDR Internet 控制消息协议ICMP 地址解析协议ARP 反向地址解析协议RARP 动态主机配置协议DHCP 开放的最短路径优先OSPF 外部网关协议BGP Internet 组管理协议IGMP 传输协议数据单元TPDU 传输服务访问点TSAP 网络服务访问点NSAP 远过程调用RPC 实时传输协议RTP 加性增长/乘性下降AIMD 流控制传输协议SCTP 对等系统P2P 互联网服务提供商ISP 屏蔽双绞线STP 纵向冗余校验LRC 循环冗余校验CRC 前向纠错FEC 虚路径标识VPI 虚通路标识VCI 虚拟专网VPN 虚拟局域网VLAN 适配层A TM AAL 分段和重组SAR 汇集子层Cs 异步时分多路复用ATDM 准同步数字序列PDH 同步数字序列SDH 同步光网络Sonnet 自动重发请求ARQ 综合业务数字网ISDN 信息服务IIS Intern 程控交换CBX 无线网路终端通信技术WIFI 简单网络管理协议SNMP 简单邮件传送协议SMTP 互联网数据报协议IDP 核心网关协议LGP 扩展网关协议Egp 路由信息协议RIP 无线应用协议W AP 国际电话电报咨询委员会CCITT 国际计算机通信会议ICCC 美国国家标准协会ANSI
New technique of the computer network Abstract The 21 century is an ages of the information economy, being the computer network technique of representative techniques this ages, will be at very fast speed develop soon in continuously creatively, and will go deep into the people's work, life and study. Therefore, control this technique and then seem to be more to deliver the importance. Now I mainly introduce the new technique of a few networks in actuality live of application. keywords Internet Network System Digital Certificates Grid Storage 1. Foreword Internet turns 36, still a work in progress Thirty-six years after computer scientists at UCLA linked two bulky computers using a 15-foot gray cable, testing a new way for exchanging data over networks, what would ultimately become the Internet remains a work in progress. University researchers are experimenting with ways to increase its capacity and speed. Programmers are trying to imbue Web pages with intelligence. And work is underway to re-engineer the network to reduce Spam (junk mail) and security troubles. All the while threats loom: Critics warn that commercial, legal and political pressures could hinder the types of innovations that made the Internet what it is today. Stephen Crocker and Vinton Cerf were among the graduate students who joined UCLA professor Len Klein rock in an engineering lab on Sept. 2, 1969, as bits of meaningless test data flowed silently between the two computers. By January, three other "nodes" joined the fledgling network.
Chapter1 1-11.What are two reasons for using layered protocols? (请说出使用分层协议的两个理由) 答：通过协议分层可以把设计问题划分成较小的易于处理的片段。分层意味着某一层的协议的改变不会影响高层或低层的协议。 1-13. What is the principal difference between connectionless communication and connection-oriented communication? (在无连接通信和面向连接的通信两者之间，最主要的区别是什么？) 答：主要的区别有两条。 其一：面向连接通信分为三个阶段，第一是建立连接，在此阶段，发出一个建立连接的请求。只有在连接成功建立之后，才能开始数据传输，这是第二阶段。接着，当数据传输完毕，必须释放连接。而无连接通信没有这么多阶段，它直接进行数据传输。 其二：面向连接的通信具有数据的保序性，而无连接的通信不能保证接收数据的顺序与发送数据的顺序一致。 1-20. A system has an n-layer protocol hierarchy. Applications generate messages of length M bytes. At each of the layers, an h-byte header is added. What fraction of the network bandwidth is filled with headers? (一个系统有n层协议的层次结构。应用程序产生的消息的长度为M字节。在每一层上需要加上一个h字节的头。请问，这些头需要占用多少比例的网络带宽) 答：hn/(hn+m)*100% 1-28. An image is 1024 x 768 pixels with 3 bytes/pixel. Assume the image is uncompressed. How long does it take to transmit it over a 56-kbps modem channel? Over a 1-Mbps cable modem? Over a 10-Mbps Ethernet? Over 100-Mbps Ethernet? (一幅图像的分辨率为1024 x 768像素，每个像素用3字节来表示。假设该图像没有被压缩。请问，通过56kbps的调制解调器信道来传输这幅图像需要多长时间？通过1Mbps的电缆调制解调器呢？通过10Mbps的以太网呢？通过100Mbps的以太网呢?) 答：The image is 1024*768*3 bytes or 2359296 bytes.This is 18874368 bit. At 56,000 bits/sec, it takes about 337.042 sec. At 1,000,000 bits/sec, it takes about 18.874 sec. At 10,000,000 bits/sec, it takes about 1.887 sec. At 100,000,000 bits/sec, it takes about 0.189 sec. Chapter2 2-2. A noiseless 4-kHz channel is sampled every 1 msec. What is the maximum data rate? (一条无噪声4kHz信道按照每1ms一次进行采样，请问最大数据传输率是多少？)
计算机网络 古丞秋修改（基于计算机网络6版） A AAL ATM adaptation layer ATM适配层---------基于“通信原理”的收集ACK(ACKnowledgement) 确认 A/D Analog/Digital 数/模?表示基于“通信原理”的收集 ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)非对称数字用户线 ADPCM Adaptive DPCM 自适应差分脉（冲编）码调制? AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)先进的加密标准 AF PHB (Assured Forwarding Per-Hop Behavior)确保转发每跳行为 AH (Authentication Header)鉴别首部 AIMD (Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease)加法增大乘法减小 AM Alternative Mark Inverse 传号交替反转? AN (Access Network)接入网 ANSI (American National Standards Institute)美国国家标准协会 AP(Access Point)接入点 AP (Application)应用程序----app API (Application Programming Interface)应用编程接口 APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Center)亚太网络信息中心 ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers) 美国因特网好码注册机构 ARP(Address Resolution Protocol) 地址解析协议 ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency)美国国防部远景研究规划局(高级研究计划署） ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest)自动重传请求 AS(Authentication System)自治系统 AS (Authentication Server)鉴别服务器 ASCII(American Standard Code for Information Interchange)美国信息交换标准码 ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit 专用集成电路? ASK Amplitude Shift Keying 振幅键控? ASN (Autonomous System Number)自治系统号 ASN.I (Abstract Syntax Notation One)抽象语法记法1 ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Node)异步传递发式 ATU (Access Termination Unit) 接入端接单元 ATU-C (Access Termination Unit Central Office)端局接入端接单元 ATU-R (Access Termination Unit Remote)远端接入端接单元 AU Administration Unit 管理单元? AUG Administration Unit Group 管理单元群? A VT WG (Audio/Video Transport Working Group)音频/视频运输工作组 AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit)抽象窗口工具箱
第一章计算机网络概述 ●Identify the five components of a data communications system. (数据通信系统5个组成部分：报文发送方接受方传输介质协议) message,sender,receiver,transmission medium and protocol. ●What are the three criteria necessary for an effective and efficient network? performance, reliability,and security. ●What is an internet(互联网)? What is the Internet（因特网）? ★ An internet is an interconnection of networks which is a collection of networks connected by internetworking devices such as routers. ★The Internet is the name of a specific worldwide network that uses the TCP/IP protocol suite and is the largest internet in the world. 第二章数据和信号 ●Which practical methods are used for analysis of a signal? And which is suitable for network techniques? 研究电磁信号的方法是哪两种？适用于网络技术的？ ①Time domain and frequency domain②frequency domain ●Why can't any digital signal be transferred with no distortion in communication transmission?（数字信号为什么不能无失真传输？） 1.Because to receive an exact replica of the digital signal, all of the frequency components must be faithfully through the transmission medium, if certain harmonic cannot transfer successful, the signal we receive will be distorted. However, any medium transfers signals only within certain frequency ranges, that is, has a limited bandwidth. 2.Transmission impairments of signals (attenuation, distortion and noise) always exist, so signal errors unavoidable. ●What's the bandwidth(带宽)? Explain briefly what correlation do bandwidth, data rate and cost have in communication process?带宽、数据率、成本之间的关系？ The range of frequencies contained in a composite signal is its bandwidth. In networking, we use the term bandwidth in two contexts with two different measuring values: Bandwidth in Hertz is the range of frequencies in a composite signal or the range of frequencies that a channel can pass, usually used to present the performance of analog channels and transmission media. (Another is) Bandwidth in bits per second is the speed of bit transmission in a channel,a link,or even a network, usually used to present the performance of links and communication devices of a network.(课本P84) The greater the transmission bandwidth,the greater the data rate, and the higher the cost. ●Q3-3: How can a composite signal be decomposed into its individual frequencies? 复位信号如何分解成单独的频率成分？ If the composite signal is periodic, we can ues Fourier Series decompose it into a series of signals with discrete frequencies; if the composite signal is nonperiodic, we can ues Fourier Transform decompose it into a combination of sine waves with continuous frequencies. ●Q3-4: Name three types of transmission impairment. 三种传输减损？ Attenuation, distortion,and noise. 衰减、失真和噪声 ●Q3-7: What does the Nyquist theorem have to do with communications? 奈奎斯特公式在通信中的作用？ Estimate the channel capacity of noise-free digital channels, , when the channel is greater than the data rate transmitted on channel capacity, it will be failure due to severe distortion. ☆The Nyquist theorem defines the theoretical maximum bit rate of a noiseless channel.
