GRE作文北美范文关于濒危物种的存在
4月份GRE考试已结束，同学们需进入下轮GRE备考中，备考GRE首先要选择好的资料，GRE北美范文对备考GRE写作有一定的指导作用，下面为大家整理了最完整版的GRE北美范文，主要是关于GRE ISSUE作文范文，供大家应用。
"At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species."
What are the limits of our duty to save endangered species from extinction? The statement raises a variety of issues about morality, conscience, self-preservation, and economics. On balance, however, I fundamentally agree with the notion that humans need not make "extraordinary" efforts--at the expense of money and jobs--to ensure the preservation of any endangered species.
As I see it, there are three fundamental arguments for imposing on ourselves at least some responsibility to preserve endangered species. The first has to do culpability. According to this argument, to the extent that endangerment is the result of anthropogenic events such as dear-cutting of forests or polluting of lakes and streams, we humans have a duty to take affirmative measures to protect the species whose survival we've placed in jeopardy.
The second argument has to do with capability. This argument disregards the extent to which we humans might have contributed to the endangerment of a species. Instead, the argument goes, if we are aware of the danger, know what steps are needed to prevent extinction, and can take those steps, then we are morally obligated to help prevent extinction. This argument would place a very high affirmative duty on humans to protect endangered species.
The third argument is an appeal to self-preservation. The animal kingdom is an intricate matrix of interdependent relationships, in which each species depends on many others for its survival. Severing certain relationships, such as that between a predator and its natural prey, can set into motion a series of extinctions that ultimately might endanger our own survival as a species. While this claim might sound far-fetched to some, environmental experts assure us that in the long run it is very real possibility.
On the other hand are two compelling arguments against placing a duty on humans to protect endangered species. The first is essentially the Darwinian argument that extinction results from the inexorable process of so-called “natural selection” in which stronger species survive while weaker ones do not. Moreover, we humans are not exempt from the process. Accordingly, if we see fit to eradicate other species in order to facilitate our survival, then so be it. We are only behaving as animal must, Darwin would no doubt assert.
The second argument, and the one that I find most compelling, is an appeal to logic over emotion. It is a scientific fact that thousands of animal species become extinct every year. Many such extinctions are due to natural forces, while others are due to anthropogenic factors. In any event, it is far beyond our ability to save them all. By what standard, then, should we decide which species are worth saving and which ones are not? In my observation, we tend to favor animals with human-like physical characteristics and behaviors. This preference is understandable; after all, dolphins are far more endearing than bugs. But there is no logical justification for such a standard. Accordingly, what makes more sense is to decide based on
our own economic self-interest. In other words, the more money and jobs it would cost to save a certain species, the lower priority we should place on doing do.
In sum, the issue of endangered-species protection is a complex one, requiring subjective judgments about moral duty and the comparative value of various life forms. Thus, there are no easy or certain answers. Yet it is for this very reason I agree that economic self-interest should take precedence over vague notions about moral duty when it comes to saving endangered species. In the final analysis, at a point when it becomes critical for our own survival as a species to save certain others, then we humans will do so if we are fit - in accordance with Darwin’s observed process of natural selection.
gre写作超经典范文鉴赏! 想要知道gre写作考试满分作文是肿么写出来的，就非常有必要参考、分析相关范文。出于这样的考虑，在接下来的文章中，天道小编将与您分享一份堪称经典的gre写作范文，相信备战新 gre写作的朋友一定会需要! 以下就是小编准备的gre写作范文啦，备战gre写作的考生们不知道你们准备好了么?提前预祝大家能够在新gre写作考试中取得佳绩! A nationshould require all its students to study the same national curriculum until theyenter college ratherthan allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses tooffer. The speaker would prefer a nationalcurriculum for all children up until college instead of allowing schools in different regionsthe freedom to decide on their own curricula. I agree insofar as some common core curriculumwould serve useful purposes for any nation. At the same time, however, individual statesand communities should have some freedom to augment any such curriculum as theysee fit; otherwise, a nation's educational system might defeat its own purposes in the long term. A national core curriculum would bebeneficial to a nation in a number of respects. First of all,by providing all children withfundamental skills and knowledge, a common core curriculum would help ensure that our childrengrow up to become reasonably informed, productive members of society. In addition, acommon core curriculum would provide a predictable foundation upon which collegeadministrators and faculty could more easily build curricula and select course materials for freshmenthat are neither below nor above their level of educational experience. Finally, a core curriculumwould ensure that all school-children are taught core values upon which any democraticsociety depends to thrive, and even survive--values such as tolerance of others with differentviewpoints, and respect for others. However, a common curriculum that isalso an exclusive one would pose certain problems,which might outweigh the benefits,noted above. First of all, on what basis would certain course work be included or excluded,and who would be the final decision- maker? In all likelihood these decisions would be inthe hands of federal legislators and regulators, who are likely to have their own quirkynotions of what should and should not be taught to children--notions that may or may notreflect those of most communities, schools, or parents. Besides, government officials arenotoriously susceptible to influence-peddling by lobbyists who do not have the best interests ofsociety's children in mind.
一. 新GRE作文文章整体结构 大负小正：诚然A，但是B，而且C。 承认+转折+递进 大正小负：诚然A，有时甚至B，但是C。 承认+递进+转折 二. 新GRE作文常用句式 开头： a) In this statement, the speaker asserts that…(作者的结论是什么) b) I agree with the speaker insofar as...(某种程度上同意作者的观点) c) Whereas, in my perspective, …is unilateral(作者的观点片面在什么地方) 第二段：a) Admittedly, 第三段：a) However, 第四段：a) Furthermore, 结尾： a) In summary, from what has been discussed above, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that…(重述观点) 以上就是新GRE作文模板及GRE作文常用句型的介绍，以后考生们进行新GRE作文issue写作就再也不用担心文章的结构了，顺利的剖析题目，与新GRE写作模板再加上独特的观点，即可将高分顺利那些。 页脚内容1
1 Argument 1. 1) In this argument the speaker concludes that 2) To justify this contusion the speaker cites a recent survey of 3) The speaker also points out that 4) This argument is unpersuasive for several reasons. 2. 1) First, the survey must be shown to be reliable before I can accept any contusions based upon it. 2) Specifically, the responses must be accurate, and the respondents must be statistically significant in number and representative of the overall 3) Without evidence of the survey's reliability, it is impossible to draw any firm conclusions about the current dietary habits of 3. 1) Second, the argument relies on the dubious assumption that following the government's nutrition recommendations 2) It is entirely possible that 3) Thus without evidence to substantiate this assumption the speaker cannot reasonably conclude that 4) Third, the speaker assumes too hastily that… Without ruling out this possibility the speaker cannot reasonably conclude with any confidence that 5) Lacking firm evidence that …, the speaker cannot justify any conclusions about the 4. 页脚内容2
GRE试题:GRE北美试题4 GRE试题:GRE北美试题4GRE试题:GRE北美试题4 1. because its average annual rainfall is only about four inches, one of the major tasks faced by the country has been to find ----sources of water. (a) discontinuous (b) natural (c) supplementary (d) pervasive (e) initial 2. both television commercials and programs present ---- view of the material world, one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probably not attain. (a) an unrealistic (b) an imprudent (c) a standardized (d) a perplexing (e) a banal 3. although it is unusual to denounce museum- goers for not painting, it is quite common, even for those. who are
unenthusiastic about sports, to criticize---- for athletic----. (a) artists.. ignorance (b) spectators.. inactivity (c) athletes.. snobbery (d) scholars.. apathy (e) commentators.. partiality 4. because the order in which the parts of speech appear in the sentences of a given language is decided merely by custom, it is---- to maintain that every departure from that order constitutes a ----of a natural law. (a) traditional.. transformation (b) conventional.. transgression (c) necessary.. prototype (d) unjustifiable.. violation (e) unreasonable.. formulation 5. most people are shameless ---- where the very rich are concerned, ---- curious about how they get their money and how they spend it. (a) prigs.. secretly (b) critics.. endlessly (c) voyeurs.. insatiably (d) exhibitionists.. blatantly
GRE写作Argument具体性指令有哪些? Q：Argument的具体性指令有哪些? A：Argument的具体性指令主要有8种，分别是： 1. Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument. 这个具体指令中不需要写出前提，重点是分析有哪些具体的例证可以削弱和加强该结论。 2. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted. 该具体指令要求重点分析前提条件，然后分析怎么削弱或加强这个前提条件。并且需要分析没有假设前提会导致什么结果。该指令出现以下若干变形： 3. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions
1.As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate 2.To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities. https://www.doczj.com/doc/f616201369.html,cational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed 4.Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could 5.Claim: governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive Reason: it is primarily in cities that a nation`s cultural traditions are preserved and generated 6. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college 7.Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to insure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts 8.Claim: in any field-business, politics, education, government-those in power should step down after five years Reason: the surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership 9.In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field 10.Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness area in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain 11.People`s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making https://www.doczj.com/doc/f616201369.html,ernments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition 13.Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student`s field of study 14.A nation should require all of its student to study the same national curriculum until they enter college https://www.doczj.com/doc/f616201369.html,cation institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers 16.Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objects 17.Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free 18.The well being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority https://www.doczj.com/doc/f616201369.html,ernments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future 20.Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field https://www.doczj.com/doc/f616201369.html,ws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places
GRE作文5.5分轻松备考：ISSUE习作范文（10） IC： ISSUE36 - "The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries." WORDS： 430(644) TIME： 0：43：00 DATE： 2007-8-10 People usually try to decide the greatness of individuals, who lived before them and in the same time with them. When it comes to the decision of the greatness of individuals, there are always a host of different opinions held by different people in different fields. Should the greatness of individuals be decided by those who live after them or by their contemporaries? Admittedly, mostly their contemporaries may not be able to decide it for some social influence. However, even those who live after them may also make mistakes when deciding their greatness. To begin with, people live in the same time period with individuals whose greatness they want to decide, usually have a biased attitude toward those individuals, not only because of the media, but also due to those people's ability to understand them. Common people always tend to be influenced by others' points of view as well as some social phenomenon. And many great individuals in history had such high competence and genuine capability that they surpassed the society of their time. UFor example, Monet, one of the greatest novelists in history, wrote a large number of novels during his life, but
GRE ?revised(新GRE) Issue 官方范文整理Materials: 1. 2. Practice Test Number 1GRE Practice Test 1 Complete (Zip) 3. POWERPREP? II sample essay responses (PDF) 4. OG Topic List: 1.As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.(1.p99) 2.“The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.” Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons or examples that could be used to challenge your position.(1.p108) 3.The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement above and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how those considerations shape your position.(2) 4.“A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.” Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and
Argument 12 12、Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors. Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by 30 percent. Potential employers, looking at this dramatic rise in grades, believe that grades at Omega are inflated and do not accurately reflect student achievement; as a result, Omega graduates have not been as successful at getting jobs as have graduates from nearby Alpha University. To enable its graduates to secure better jobs, Omega University should terminate student evaluation of professors. In this memo Omega University's dean points out that Omega graduates are less successful in getting jobs than Alpha University graduates, despite the fact that during the past 15 years the overall grade average of Omega students has risen by 30%. The dean also points out that during the past 15 years Omega has encouraged its students, by way of a particular procedure, to evaluate the effectiveness of their professors. The dean reasons that this procedure explains the grade-average increase, which in turn has created a perception among employers that Omega graduates are less qualified for jobs. On the basis of this line of reasoning the dean concludes that to enable Omega graduates to find better jobs Omega must terminate its professor-evaluation procedure. This argument contains several logical flaws, which render it unconvincing. A threshold problem with the argument involves the voluntary nature of the evaluation procedure. The dean provides no evidence about the or percentage of Omega students who participate in the procedure. Lacking such evidence it is entirely possible that those numbers are insignificant, in which case terminating the procedure is unlikely to have any effect on the grade average of Omega students or their success in getting jobs after graduation. The argument also assumes unfairly that the grade-average increase is the result of the evaluation procedure--rather than some other phenomenon. The dean ignores a host of other possible explanations for the increase--such as a trend at Omega toward higher or higher quality instruction or facilities. Without ruling out all other possible explanations for the grade-average increase, the dean cannot convince me that by terminating the evaluation procedure Omega would curb its perceived grade inflation let alone help its graduates get jobs. Even if the evaluation procedure has resulted in grade inflation at Omega, the dean's claim that grade inflation explains why Omega graduates are less successful than Alpha graduates in getting jobs is unjustified. The dean overlooks a myriad of other possible reasons for Omega's comparatively poor job-placement record. Perhaps Omega's career services are inadequate; or perhaps Omega's curriculum does not prepare students for the job market as effectively as Alpha's. In short, without accounting for other factors that might contribute to Omega graduates' comparative lack of success in getting jobs, the dean cannot justify the claim that if Omega curbs its grade inflation employers will be more likely to hire Omega graduates. 这段话的内容太重复了这个描述不够清晰 直接说有调查错误 就好了 the survey cited by the author is not reliable. 这篇文章的数据有很多问题，比如30%和average 这个因果关系的 梳理很好这两个原因列举 的很好 划线部分是 让步攻击部分， 即使上面这个逻辑 错误不存在，那么 后面这个也有问题
gre写作issue与argument的异同 在gre写作考试中会有issue和argument。那么，各位对gre 作文issue、gre作文argument有没有进行过了解呢?下面就和大家分享gre写作issue与argument的异同,希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。 gre写作issue与argument的异同 考生想要在gre写作中取得好成绩，就需要同时写出两篇不错的*来，这对于不少英语基础一般，写作水平也普通的同学来说并不容易做到。不过，如果大家能够充分了解gre作文issue 和argument的异同点，并进行足够的练习，高分作文也还是很有把握的。下面就为大家全面解析gre写作两篇作文的异同之处，帮助大家练好写作思路确保作文高分。 gre写作两篇作文相同点 虽然gre作文argument和issue有很多不同之处，但在一些基本的规范和要求上还是有共通之处的： 1. *基本要求相同 gre两篇作文的考试时间都是30分钟。考生需要在30分钟内完成从审题到构思到最后成文的整个流程。而两篇*的文体风
格也基本相同，都是属于议论文性质的写作。因此，很多考生比较惧怕的描述类*就不会有所涉及了。同时，虽然gre考试本身并没有做出任何字数方面的限制和要求，但根据历年来的高分范文总结，一般作文字数在400-500字左右是比较稳妥的，这一点ISSUE和ARGUMENT两篇作文也没有太大区别。 2. *评分标准相同 除了规范要求外，gre两篇作文在评分标准上也是基本相同的。大致都可以分为*整体结构、逻辑思维能力、对于词句语法的运用以及论据素材的使用这几个方面。当然，由于两篇*本身具体写作要求的区别，可能在一些评分细节上还存在不同。 3. 官方复习资源相同 无论是ISSUE作文还是ARGUMENT作文，两篇gre作文的复习资源也是基本相同的。除了官方公布的作文练习题外，高分范文、黄金词句和论据素材都是帮助考生练习写作能力锻炼作文水平需要用到的复习必备材料。 gre写作两篇作文不同点 说完了相似之处，接下来为大家介绍一下两篇作文的不同之处： 1. 写作具体要求区别
新GRE写作Argument范文 来源：互联网 新对于国内考生比较难的一个问题就是中国人的思维与西方人不同，所以的方式也不太一样。因此，大家可以通过参考一些优秀的新GRE的范文来提高自己的写作水平。 Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president of Nature's Way, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products. "Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable in areas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy lives. We should therefore build our next new store in Painesville, which has many such residents. Painesville merchants report that sales of running shoes and exercise clothing are at all-time highs. The local health club, which nearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more members than ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full. We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Painesville's schoolchildren are required to participate in a 'fitness for life' program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an early age." following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deer haven Acres to all homeowners in Deer haven Acres.
高手推荐GRE写作参考书 在大家参加的新GRE写作考试里，传统的背模板套用的做法效果是一点不理想，简单套用通常只会适得其反，更甚也许会被判雷同。今天上海GRE培训机构小编就给大家推荐一些GRE写作参考书，期望会对考生带来更多的帮助。 GRE写作宝典(第一版) 评注：第一版尽管粗糙，但是素材全，练习好，同时今天的许多重考题都在该书范围内，尤其是占全书1/3之多的“写作工具箱”属于准备写作一个最大利器。新GRE作文高分书籍参考，《新GRE写作官方题库与范文》无疑就是一本攻克GRE作文必备书籍。 《新GRE写作官方题库与范文》不仅完整收录了新G考以来的所有写作题目，同时撰写的高度是与官方标准的范文符合的，原汁原味，流畅地道，变成了大部分考生的杀G必备! 上海GRE培训机构小编表示书中结合ETS公布的最新官方题库，根据考生在备考过程里所面临的实际难题出发，针对怎么写作Issue和Argument进行了详细的讲解，同时还给大家精心解读最新GRE写作题库，点拨题目特点，分析成文思路和脉络。题库中的每道题目都提供了由美籍名师精心撰写的高分参考范文，考生可细细研习，学构思、品词句，体会把所学习的方法巧运用到真正的写作中去，最后才能够做到举一反三、触类旁通。 此外，书中还为考生提供了Issue题库以及Argument题库的交叉索引，方便考生查阅。在附录里提供的经常使用连接词有助于大家在写作时增强文章的逻辑性，使文章更加连贯流畅。
以上是上海GRE培训机构小编介绍有关GRE写作参考书的详细内容，希望大家能从中受益，不断改进自己的备考方法提升备考效率，最后可以取得满意的成绩。