上外翻译I笔记(第十一讲)

UNIT 1 NEVER SAY GOODBYE1.他对这次面试中可能提到的问题作好了答案。

2.He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront in the interview.3.他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎哭出声来。

4.His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried.5.他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。

6.They two are walking hand in hand along the river bank, chating and laughing happily.7.听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。

8.When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes.9.上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。

10.People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect easily, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much incommon.11.亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在3年内买一幢新房子。

12.Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within 3 years.13.女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。

14.He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated request to further her education abroad.15.我们在动身去度假前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。

上外高翻VS 北外高翻首先，北外高翻除了英汉同声传译专业外还有复语同传专业，即三种语言的同传。

这些专业毕业后都是硕士研究生学位，因此入学考试就是国家研究生统一入学考试。

上外高翻除了有硕士学位的口译笔译专业外，最有特色的就是2003年设立的会议口译专业，也就是我即将入读的专业。

这是上外和联合国欧盟等国际组织合作的项目，专门培养国际会议口译人才。

特色总结起来有以下几点：精英教学，每年招生不超过10人（今年全国招了8个人）；淘汰制，第一年有个淘汰考试，不合格者将不予升入第二年；无学位，最后考出来的是会议口译专业证书”（Professional Diploma in Conference Interpreting）；海外实习，第二年有机会去联合国总部实习。

很多人问我：你两个高翻都考，难道不冲突吗？现在这个问题就清楚了吧！北外高翻英汉同传专业我是10月中报的名，参加1月份全国研究生入学考试。

而上外会口是在3月笔试前几天报的名。

可见二者考试并不冲突。

至于上哪个还应该综合考虑：北外依托北京这个政治中心，毕业后进个国家部门如外交部商务部做翻译应该不难，其实这已经很不错了！而且传说中北外整体学习氛围更好，老师和学生关系更紧密。

上外会议口译专业呢，高强度，高风险，高学费，时刻面临淘汰危险，最后还不一定能考出那个证书。

想稳妥就选北外，想挑战就选上外。

这就要看个人性格和实力了。

我最后选择读上外，的确是想挑战一下，看看自己在那种高压的环境中到底能释放出多大的潜力。

2009年10月14号报名，2010年1月9日考试，三个月的时间坚守图书馆，结果：成绩超过录取分数线40分由于准备工作开始的晚，我只有三个月的时间，而政治几本书要背，法语三本教材要自学，压力可想而知；保研的同学轻松自在，出国的同学offer陆续拿到，无形中又增添了紧迫感……现在回想起来，考研这段经历告诉我一个道理：为一个目标而坚持奋斗的感觉真好。

言归正传，我是如何准备的？北外同传专业考试分为四门：基础英语，专业英语（即同传试卷），政治和二外。

第八讲：词类转换●译例导入The use of atomic weapons is a clear violation of the international law.使用核武器显然违反国际法●名词转为动词（汉语动词用的多，是组句表意的核心）●通常，这个名词是由“动词+后缀”转化而来Mary is a crazy lover of pop music. Mary酷爱流行音乐She is a famous singer. 她是著名的歌唱家Some of my friends are really good singers. 我的一些朋友唱歌的确很棒John used to be a chain-smoker. John过去抽烟很厉害，一支接一支An acquaintance of the cultures of the English-speaking countries is very helpful to translation.了解一下英语国家的文化对于翻译很有帮助The local government called for the establishment of more such technical schools.当地政府呼吁创办更多这样的技术学校He taught me the value of an opportunity.他教会我要珍惜每一次机会The sight of the Oriental Pearl TV Tower always fills the people in Shanghai with pride.看到东方明珠，上海人心中总是充满了自豪感He gave his friends a vivid description of his first year’s life in the university.他向朋友们生动地描述了他第一年的大学生活His girlfriend gave him a black look and left.女朋友瞪了他一眼，然后离开了●介词转化为动词We drove home a bit after midnight, over the river and through the lovely sleeping old town. 时过午夜，我们驱车回家，先过了河，又穿过了这个酣睡中的古老而可爱的城市We often go to work by the shuttle bus.我们经常乘班车上班It is not good to go to bed on a full or an empty stomach.吃得太饱或者空腹都不宜上床睡觉The boss sat by his desk amid the morning mails.老板坐在办公桌前处理早晨的邮件He was between sheets by eleven.11点钟时他已经躺在被窝里了The dog is on the chain.狗用链子锁着The boy slipped on a banana skin.男孩踩上一块香蕉皮，滑了一下She inspected the table for dust with her fingers.她用手指摸摸桌面，检查是否有灰尘●形容词转化动词If we are ignorant of the culture of a language, we can never be a real master of it.如果我们对语言背后的文化一无所知，就不可能真正掌握这门语言He said it was an informative meeting.他说这次会议上透露了不少消息I am quite sure that I will defeat John this time.我坚信这次我一定能够打败JohnThey were suspicious and resentful of the newcomer.对于新来的这个人，他们不但不信任，还讨厌他●副词转化动词She opened the window to let the fresh air in.她打开窗户好让新鲜空气进来When she came back, she found all the lights on.她回来时，发现所有的灯都亮着●动词转译名词●通常这个动词是由“名词+后缀”转化而来Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点，那就是以礼相待A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.一个穿着讲究的人上了车，他的外表和谈吐都像美国人His only mission in life, it seems, is to contribute, in one way or another, to the education of the underprivileged in the society.他一生的唯一使命似乎就是想办法让社会上的弱势群体接受教育，并为此做出自己的贡献As head of the government and head of the state, the President personifies the nation he leads.作为政府首脑和国家元首，总统成了他所领导的国家的化身The dove and the olive symbolize peace and love.鸽子和橄榄枝是爱与和平的象征He warned that the bilateral ties would surely be jeopardized by a continuation of the war.他警告说，如果战争继续进行下去，两国关系极有可能受到危害This region must be protected from too frequent visits.该地区必须加以保护，避免过于频繁的参观●形容词转名词They tried their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽力帮助病号和伤员Official Washington is going to reject this proposal.华盛顿官方将要驳回这项提案rural China 中国的农村coastal Chinacentral America 美国中部John was eloquent and elegant----but soft.John既有口才又有风度，就是太软弱了His friends consider him insincere.朋友们都认为他是个伪君子●名词转形容词Independent thinking is an absolute necessity for anyone who wants to be a success in his life.一个人要想成功，独立思考能力是必不可少的As a perfect stranger in Shanghai, he has to find a local to accompany him wherever he goes.由于对上海完全陌生，每次出门他都得找个当地人陪同He was surprised at the singularity of the stranger’s appearance.那个陌生人长相怪异，令他惊讶不已I recognized the stupidity of dealing with them through a go-between.我意识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是多么愚蠢●动词转形容词When I cross the road, I always watch out.过马路时，我总是很小心●副词转形容词One reason that women committed suicide about one-fourth as often as men is that they think differently.女性自杀的几率大约只有男性的四分之一，原因之一就是她们的思维方式是不一样的I was deeply impressed by the movie Titanic.Titanic这部电影给我留下了深刻的印象The sun rose thinly from the sea.淡淡的太阳从海上升起She has prepared very meticulously for the coming examination.她为即将到来的考试做了十分周密的准备●形容词转副词The viewers commented that the play is a sheer waste of time.看过戏的人评价说这部戏纯粹就是浪费时间As the votes indicate, Tom is in a clear minority.投票结果显示，Tom明显属于少数Heated discussions about this topic arose on every corners of the campus.大学校园里到处都是人们在热烈地讨论着这样一个话题“We placed the highest value on our friendly relations with the developing nations”, said President Bush.Bush总统说：“我们极为看重与发展中国家的友好关系。

第四讲英汉词法对比如何体现复数概念the eastern provinces 东部各省rows of new buildings 一排排新建的大楼the Bakers 贝克一家贝克夫妇the first electronic computers 第一代电子计算机Personal tragedy haunted his life, in the deaths of loved ones. 亲人们相继去世，使他一生充满了人生悲剧outpatientday-studenttablewarevacuum flaskstopwatchfamily treepalm tree 手相contact lens九五折 5 percent discount座钟standing clock三角债debt chain三角恋love triangle传销pyramid selling鸡皮疙瘩gooseflesh脚踏两条船fence-sitter鱼尾纹crow’s feet内八字pigeon-toed露马脚let the cat out of the bagfind a sugar dad第五讲英汉句式比较●状语：地点状语在时间状语之前●定语：既可以前置也可以后置劳动模范model worker 东北northeast田径track and field 中小型企业small and medium sized enterprise●重心转移，语序的灵活性He was daring and resourceful besides being a fine shot.他不仅枪法好，而且有勇有谋●英语重主语，汉语重主题他的左眼瞎了He is blind in the left eye.中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁●英语重物称，汉物重人称Dusk found him crying in the street. 黄昏时，他在街上哭了起来Too much water, like little water, will kill the plant.浇的水太多或太少，这种植物都会死过去二十年我的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化What brings you here! 什么风把你给吹来了！ 英语重形合，汉语重意合自给率self-sufficiency rate他来，我走If he comes, I will leave.Since he has come, I will leave.As soon as he comes, I will leave.门开了，学生们一涌而入When the door opened, the students rushed in.The door opened and the students came crowding in.英语意合到汉语意合Grasp all, lose all. 贪多必失英语意合到汉语形合Sure bind, sure find. 若想东西好找，事先必须放好●英语重核心结构，汉语重流动结构I called up the man who wrote the book that you told me about.Lulled by the gentle motion of the boat and soothed by the rippling music of the waves the babies soon fell asleep.船儿轻轻摇晃，波声潺潺悦耳，孩子们不久就睡着了（英语是焦点式，汉语是散点式）●英语多被动，汉语多主动若要信到，贴足邮票Letters will not be sent unless adequately stamped.幸亏一个渔夫救起了他Fortunately, he was picked up by a fisherman.The book won’t be sold. /The book won’t sell.这本书不卖（人不卖这本书）/这本书不好卖（不畅销）●英语多替代，汉语多重复Our nation is a great one.In order to promote the Sino-US relations, China needs to know America better and vice versa.In order to promote the relations between China and USA, they need to know more about each other. 更好。