高考英语语法分类归纳、练习与分析（精华版）一．Tenses and voices
A.现在完成时: 1)表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。往往含有“已经……”, “已经……了”的意思。Eg.Don’t think any more about it. I have decided not to help you.
I have experienced that before, so I know how to deal with it.
2) 到目前为止已发生的。与so far, up till now, in the past/ last …….days/ years, today, this month/ year 等“包括现在在内的时间状语”连用。
My brother is an actor. He has appeared in several films so far.
Great changes have taken place in this area in the recent years.
3）表示过去开始的动作或状态延续到现在。与for…/ since 连用。
He has worked in the south for ten years/ since ten years ago.
Compare(1):完成进行时表示过去开始的动作一直在进行，直至现在。
He has been working on this project since last month.
(2) 过去时态:指发生在过去某段时间内的事。
He once worked in the south for ten years (现在不在南方)
(3) 过去完成时态:指发生在过去某个时间以前的动作或状态。常与by/ by
the end of..(到了……的时候”连用。例如：
1）By the time we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets.
2）How many words had you leaned by the end of last year? Practice:
1.It is reported that the pr esident once______ in the Viet Nam’s war for three years from 1966-1970.
A. served
B. had served
C. has served
D. was serving
2. ---No one answered when I called at 6 yesterday.
---I ________ to rock music and was absorbed in it.
A listened
B was listening C. has listened D. had listened
3.I wasn’t paying attention to what he was talking about, so I am afraid I ___ his speech very well.
A. had not understood
B. has not understood
C. did not understand
D. don’t understand
4. I _____ good at table tennis, but I haven’t played it for ages.
A. am
B. was
C. has been
D. used to be
5. I _________ where she gets her money all these days.
A. am often wondering
B. often wondered
C. had often wondered D．have often wondered
6. ---Tell me what _______ while I was absent.
---A thief tried to break into the house when I _______ in your house.
A. happened/ stayed
B. was happening/ was staying
C. happened/ was staying
D. was happening/ stayed
7. ---You are always watching TV.
---Only on Sundays. And nobody ______ it but you.
A. knows
B. has known
C. knew
D. is knowing
8. When the old man ______ to walk back to his house ,the sun _____
itself behind the mountain.
A．started ;had already hidden B．had started ;had already hidden C．had started ;was hiding D．was starting; hid
9. Years ago we didn't know this, but recent science ______ that people who don't sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. has shown
C. will show
D. is showing
10. It ______ for weeks before the first cold wave struck the area.
A. rained
B. was raining
C. has rained
D. had been raining Keys:1)a 2)b. 3)c 4)a 5) 过去到现在d 6) c 7)a(经常性) 8)a 9) b 与现在有联系10)d
二、 Subjunctive Mood (虚拟语气)
1.It is important that he __________ the college entrance examination.
A. should attend
B. will attend
C. must attend
D. had to attend
8.Don’t come this morning. I would rather you________ the day after tomorrow.
A. come
B. came
C.are to come
D. will come
3._________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often.
A.If it is not
B.Were it not
C. had it not been
D. If they were not
4.---Did you meet with the famous space hero YanLiwei?
---________ I had come here earlier!
A.But for
B.If not
C. For fear
D. If only
5.Without electricity human life __________ quite difficult today.
A.is
B.will be
C. would have been
D.would be
（分析：1.A虚拟语气的一种，句式It is necessary/strange/important that …should do2.B 3.C had it not been=if it not had been 4. D. If only= I wish 要是… 该多好啊5.D）
三、非谓语：（to do/ doing / done）(By Yuan)
1.To do（to be done） / doing / done 作状语的区别：
To do（to be done）：作目的状语，结果状语（特定句型）
Doing（being done, having done ）/done：作伴随、时间、原因、让步、结果状语等。
1)complete the task ahead of time, they kept working throughout the
night.
2)The spy broke into the bank, only find two policemen waiting for him
with a gun.
3)He hurried back home, leave piles of work unfinished.
4)Defeat time and again, he still didn’t lose heart.
(分析：1)To/ In order to complete 目的2）only to find 后接to do 形式,表示一种未预料的结果3)leaving 结果4) Defeated让步）
2.To do（to be done） / doing / done 作定语的区别：
To do（to be done）：多表示未完成的动作，和某些特定句型
doing ：（being done）：表示正在进行和经常性的动作
done ：被动,完成的动作和经常性的动作
1）T he commander gave an order attack the enemy before dawn. 2）Who were the first people reach American continent.
3）People live in this area feed on rice.
4）Areas strike by a hurricane are usually in a mess before things return to normal.
(分析：1)to attack 未完成2）to reach特定句型first/ second等序数词之后3)living 主动经常性4) struck/ stricken被动、经常性）
3.To do／to be done 与 to have done / to have been done: 后者表示动作发生在主动词之前。
1)At the moment they are preparing for the concert hold in a
fortnight time.
2)The novel is reported translate into German already.
3)He wished praise at the meeting held the day before.
4)I am glad____________(meet) you. I hope to see you soon.
(分析：1)to be held 2) to have been translated 3) to have been praised 4) to have met )
4.doing / being done / having done 与 done
doing ：主动、进行或经常性的动作、状态being done：被动、进行或经常性having done：主动，完成于主动词之前
done：被动，完成的动作、或经常性的动作、状态
1）W hen heat , ice will turn into water.
2）While wander in the street, he came across an old friend of his.
3)The manager spoke at the conference, ___express his satisfaction with the project.
4)______wipe the table, the waitress asked the couple to be seated.
5)______raise geese for years, he became an expert at keeping geese.
6)The book _____ publish last month is on grammar.
7)The project _____ carry out these days is to be completed by the end of this year.
(分析: 1) heated 2) wandering 3) expressing 4) Having wiped 5) Having raised 6)published 7) being carried out )
5. 下列动词后只能接动名词(-ing)：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。
Practice (By Li & Que)
1．The party was successful, but we thought it a pity not __________ you.
A.to have invited
B. inviting
C.to invite
D. invited
2．-- If Mary doesn’t come to work on time, she may be fired.
--Surely she is not so foolish ___________ it.
A.as not to realize
B. not as to realize
C. that she didn’t realize
D.as not realizing
3．The picure ________ on the wall is painted by my brother.
A.having hung
B.hanging
C.hangs
D. being hung
4．I appreciate _____________ me during the debate.
A. of your supporting
B. you to support
C. your supporting
D. to your supporting
5．The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ___________ the film stars had gone.
A. tell
B.to be told
C. telling
D. told
6．I know what kind of boss he is, so I know what ___________ of him.
A. expcted
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
7. __________ made all of them much disappointed.
A. Her not coming back
B. her not to come back
C. Not her returning
D. Not her being back
8.Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________________ after drinking.
A. never to drive
B. to never drive
C.never driving
D.never drive
9.The boy wanted to swim in the lake, but his mother told him _____________.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not to do it
D. do not to
10.I regret __________ you that we are unable to offer you the job.
A. inform
B. having informed
C. to inform
D. informed
11.The flowers _________ sweet in the botanical garden attract the
visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
12.Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases ___________ only to people
with specific knowledge.
A. being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known
13.While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ____________ into buying
something they don’t really need.
A. to pursue
B. persuading
C. being persuaded
D. be persuaded
14.Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________ by the hour.
A.pay
B.paying
C.paid
D.to pay
16.A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus
__________ an increase in production.
A. to result in
B. results
C.resulting in
D.resulted in
17.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when__________ at the meeting
by my boss.
A.questioning
B.having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
18.__________, but he still cou ldn’t understand it.
A. He had been told many times
B. having been told many times
C. told many times
D. Although he had been told many times
19.___________ comfortably in her armchair, the old lady enjoyed light
music on the MP3 with her eyes half ________.
A.Seated; closed
B.Sat; closing
C. Seating; closed
D. sitting; close
20. ___________ made the student __________ interest in his study.
A. Being punished; to lose
B. Punished; lose
C. Being punished; lose
D. having been punished; lose
21.What worried the child most was ___________ to visit his mother in
the hospital.
A. his not allowing
B. his not being allowed
C. his being not allowed
D. having not been allowed
22.All the managers agreed that the matter required _____________.
A. to look into
B. being looked into
C. to be looked into
D. looking into
23．I feel it is your husband who ____________ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame
B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed
D. should blame.
24．She had no choice but ___________ to the end.
A. fight
B. to fight
C. fighting
D. fought 25．Without facts, we can not form a worthwhile opinion, for we need factual knowledge _______ our thinking.
A.which to be based on
B. on which to base
C. which to base upon
D. to which to be based
(keys: 1.A 2.A动词不定式的否定not to do 3.B hang“挂”表状态时用主动4.C 5.BOnly to do表令人失望的结果 6.B(expect sth of sb 期待某人…eg. Don’t expect too mach of her(不要对她期望过高) 7.A 8.A 9. A动词不定式的省略10 C regret doing后悔做过…. regret to do对将做的事表示遗憾.
11.Bsmelling做定语12.D https://www.doczj.com/doc/fe7266603.html,an’t help doing/being done情不自禁做…14.C get done = be done 16.Cdoing表结果17.C 18.A注意but应连接句子19.A 20Cdoing的被动being done做主语done 不能做主语21.B 22.D require/need/want doing=require/need to be done 23.A.句式sb/sth is to blame((主动表被动) 24.B25.B介词+which +to do(做定语)，相当于一个定语从句—which we base our thinking on
四、 Model Verbs: 情态动词(By Wang Ping)
一.表示许可：有may, might, can, could。其中might. could则语气较委
婉，但回答由他们引起的问句时，则不用might, could而用can。1) May \ Might \ Can \ Could I keep the book for a few days? Yes, you can.
否定形式可用may not, can not或must not，不用might not。
2)Visitors may not (或can not/mustn't) touch the button.
二、表示能力：can; be able to. be able to用于各种时态。在一般过去时中，若指“能够并且通过某种努力完成某桩事”，我们必须用be able to。
1) Cats can\ are able to climb trees very quickly.
2) A big fire broke out last night, but everyone was able to escape from the house.
三、表示“责任和义务”的情态动词有must(主观),have to(客观), mustn’t
表示“不可以、不允许”，而have to否定形式：not have to/ needn't。
1) As there was no bus, we had to walk back home. (客观条件)
2) You mustn't shout like that to your parents. （不可以、不允许）
3) You don't have to\ needn’t work if you don't feel well.
四、用于推测：must, may, might, can, could . 但疑问句中只能用can,
could.
1) He looks pale. He__________ be ill.
2) ---Who _____it be? It _____(not) be Mr. Smith, for he has just left for Paris.
---It ________be Mr. Brown, for he has something to discuss with me.
3) He said he didn't feel very well. He _____(not) come to the meeting this evening.
(1.must 2. can, can’t, must 3. may\might not)
▲注意: 表推测时 must, should (ought to) , may, could , might 可能性依次递减。should, ought to “应该…”较多地用于预测将来的事。can表示理
论上的可能性，用于泛指.may, could, might表示事实上的可能性，用于特指具体的，可能将要发生的事。
1) He should be back by now. 他现在该回来了。
2) The teacher has explained it several times. There ought to be no problem for them.
4) A dog can be dangerous to you 狗可能给人带来危险。（有这种可能性）
This dog is very clever. It may (或might/could) help you find your key.
这条狗非常聪明，他可能会帮助你找到钥匙。指具体的事有可能发生。
五、shall的用法：
1．用于第一、三人称，表示征求意见或请求指示.
2．用于第二、三人称，表示意志、允诺、命令、威胁、警告等。在法律、条约、协定等文件中，表示义务、规定等。
如：1) Shall he go with you? (请求指示)
2) You shall have a lot of money.= I shall give you a lot of money.(允诺)
3) Each citizen shall carry his identification card when traveling. (规定)
六“情态动词+动词完成式”
1. must／may / might + have done，对已发生行为的推测。
2.“ should + have done” “ ought to + have done”表示本来该做某事
却未做，否定式“shouldn’t + have done” “ oughtn’t to + have done”本来不该做而做了的事。
3．“ needn’t + have done”做了本来不必做的事，“本来不必”。
2) He looks happy. He _________ (not know) this bad news.
3) Where is my pen ? I _______________ (lose) it.
4) He was late for work. He____________ ( not catch) the first bus.
5) I didn’t see her in the meeting room. She_____________(not speak) at the meeting.
6) She is two hours late. What__________________(happen) to her?
7) The plant is dead . I ____________(water) it from time to time.
8) Tom_____________ (not give away) the secret, but he meant no harm .
9) It was a five-minute walk from our school. You _________ (not come) by taxi.
(Keys: 2.can’t have known 3.may\might have lost 4. might not have caught
5. can’t /couldn’t have spoken
6. could\can have happened
7.should have watered
8. shouln’t have given away
9.needn’t have come)
▲注意:could/might＋have done:表示过去有可能发生，但实际没有发生.
1) You were crazy to climb up that tree. You could have killed yourself.
2) You might have made more progress, but you didn’t work hard.
七、must, can, may＋动词的进行式，表示对进行中的事进行推测。例如：
1）They must be waiting anxiously now. 他们此刻一定在焦急地等待着。
2）Can they be working in the field now? 他们现在可能在地里劳动吗？
八情态动词的反意疑问句:
1)He must be tired now, ___________?
2)He must have been tired l ast night after a day’s work,
____________?
3)He must have been to Hong Kong,___________?
keys: 1. isn’t he 2. wasn’t he 3. hasn’t he
Practice:
1.Sorry, I’m late. I ____________ have turned off the alarm clock and
gone to sleep again.
A. might
B. should
C. can
D. will
2. --- He didn’t pass his English exam.
--- So he ________ a good time during the Spring outing yesterday. A. can’t have B. shouldn’t have C. mustn’t have had D. couldn’t have had
3. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ________ be here at any moment.
A. must
B. need
C. should
D. can
4. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _______ be so rude to
a lady.
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. would
5. The boy must be in the classroom, _______ he?
A. mu stn’t
B. doesn’t
C. hasn’t
D. isn’t
6. --- Could I borrow your dictionary?
--- Yes, of course you ________.
A. might
B. will
C. can
D. could
7. We wonder why Jim Green ______ say such things.
A. dared not to
B. doesn’t dare to
C. dares not to
D. not dares
8. I talked a long time, and in the end I _____ make him believe me.
A. could
B. was able to
C. may
D. might
Keys: ADCC(should表惊讶) DCBB
五、含有状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句的复合句(by Ms Jiang & Mr.Zhang)
用or, and, so, if 填空
1.One more week, _______ we will accomplish the task.(If we are given one more week, we will accomplish… )
2.Follow your doctor’s advice, ________ your cough will get worse.(If you follow your doctors advice, your…)
3.The WTO can not live up to its name ______it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
归纳: 常用于表示并列的连词有：and, not only…but also, neither…nor, so, on one hand…on the other hand等连接两个并列分句表示两个同等概念(Keys: 1 and 2 or 3 if )
用but, and, so , when, since, while, as 填空
1.I do every single bit of housework _____ my husband Bob just does the
dishes now and then.
2.---I think George doesn’t really care for TV plays.
---Right, ______ he still watches the program.
3. What he said is strange, ________ yet it is true.
1. while
2. but
3. and
归纳：常用于表示转折的连词有：but, still, however, and yet, while, when等。连接两个意义相反的并列分句，表示转折。这些次的用法区别是：but连接并列分句，不用逗号搁开，注意不能将although(though)与but 同时使用；however 常用于句首、句中，用逗号搁开；yet构成and yet, 等。如：
It’s raining hard;___________, I still want to go.(However)
What the young man said sounds strange, and yet it is true.
用 before, when, while, after 填空
1.You must strike ________ the iron is hot.
2.Since _________ have you been working here?
3.Mary was having dinner _________ I saw her.
4.I will look after your pet __________ you are away.
5.Several weeks had gone by ___________ I realized the painting was missing.
6.It won’t be long _____________ I come back.
8.She had gone away _________ I said goodbye to him.
(1.while 2.when 3.when 4. while 5. before 6.before 8. before) 归纳：几个词在表示时间时，when既可以表示瞬间动作，也可以和延续性动词连用；while 则强调动作的延续，翻译成“在…过程中”；before 指“在…之前”，有较灵活译法，或翻译成“没来得及…..就…..”.
定语从句掌握定语从句的关键：弄清关系词在定语从句中的语法功能1．When, why, where为关系副词，在定语从句中状语。
2．Who, who, that, which为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。1）We’ll never forget the date _________ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2）October 1st1949 is the date___________ we’ll never forget.
3）Did he tell you the reason _________ he didn’t come to your birthday party?
4）Now we understand the reason _________ he tried to explain to us last time.
5）This is the room __________ Chairman Mao once lived.
5）This is the museum ____________ we paid a visit to ten years ago. The keys:1) when 2) which/that 3) why 4) that/which 5) where 6) which/that
名词性从句
1 考查it作形式宾语的句型
I hate _________ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them
( A .it代替后面的由when引起的宾语从句)
2名词性从句和让步状语从句的区别
Sarah hopes to become a friend of _________ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D no matter who
(Key: C. “whoever shares her interests” 作of 的宾语从句，Whomever不作主语，而no matter who 只引导让步状语从句。)
1)Eat _______ cake you like and leave the others for ________ comes
in late.
A. any; who
B. every; whoever
C. whichever; whoever
D. either;
whoever
2)He won’t be accepted _____________ he works. (不管有多努力）( 1).C 2) no matter how/however )
3 what, that 在名词性从句中的区别：that在名词性从句中不作成分，而what 作成分。
1)A modern city has been set up in _________ was a wasteland ten years ago.
2)_____________fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences form one aspect.
key: 1) what. what was a wasteland ten years ago作in 的宾语从句, what作从句的主语；
2) That. 句中”fashion differs from country to country”已独立成句，不
再需要其他句子成分，故用That。
1）After _________ seemed half an hour, the teacher gave us the correct answer.
2）_______ we can’t get seems better than ________ we have.
3）The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _______ I thought was a dangerous speed. (以上几个空格都填what)
4 考查what, which, who(m),whose与whatever, whichever , who(m)ever, whosever两类连接代词的区别。
1)---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
---Oh, that’s__________.
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
3)It was a matter of _________ would take the position.
A. who
B. whoever
C. whom
D. whomever
1)题中谈论的“昨天的比赛”是“一件事情”，而非“无论何事（whatever）”,因此正确答案为what相当于the thing that。
2）本题表达的含义为：这是一个由谁担当此任的问题, 指代一件事情。句中介词of后的从句仍然具有疑问意义，由此可排除B,D；又因从句缺少主语，故A 为正确答案); 又如:
___________has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. (不管是谁，任何……的人)
(填Whoever/Anyone who ,所填部分指人. )
六、Inversion (倒装句) (By Qian Ying)
1. Next door to us ______.
A. lied a doctor
B. lived a doctor
C. a doctor lived
D. did a doctor live
2._____ as soon as the bell rang.
A. Out the children rushed
B. Out did the children rush
C. Rushed out the children
D. Out rushed the children
3._____ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.
A. Gone
B. Go
C. To go
D. Going
4.Hardly _____ the airport _____ he started for Wuhan.
A. I had reached; when
B. had I reached; than
C. had I reached; when
D. had I reached to; than
5._____ he might, Tom couldn’t get out of the trouble.
A. Try as
B. Tired as
C. Though try
D. as try
（keys: 1.b 2. d (全部倒装) 3. a (表语提前倒装) 4. c 5.a(是Although he tried 的倒装）
句型
Fill in each blank with one of the following.
( A. when B. before C. since D. that E. until )
1. It will not be long _________ we know the result of the experiment.
2. It was a week ________ he came to himself and told what had happened to him.
3. It is a long time ________ we came to this old city.
4. It was not until a Saturday afternoon in May ______ Mike could arrange for me to meet his elder sister.
5. It was very late ______ they came out of the hall.
6. Let’s wait _______ the rain stops.
7. I’ll take no steps _______ you arrive.
8. It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you came form or what you are.
A. one
B. that
C. what
D. it
用(A. if B. but C. and D. or)填空
9.Give blood if you can _______ many lives will be saved.
10. One more week, _______ we will accomplish the task.
11. Hurry _____ you won’t make the train.
12. ____ you turn left, you can find the hospital.
用( A. what B. how)填空
13. _____ terrible weather we’ve h ad these days!
14.______ terrible the weather has been these days!
(keys: 1—7 bbcdaeb 8. b (强调句,强调主语) 9 —12 c c d a 13—14 ab
七、省略
1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? --- ________ her new bicycle.
A. As she lost
B. Lost
C. Losing
D. Because of losing
2. ---Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?
---__________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get
B. Getting
C. To get
D. To be get
3. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant ______, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do
B. to
C. doing
D. doing so
4. --- Are you on holiday? --- No, but I’d like _______.
A. to
B. be
C. to be
D. /
5. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ________.
A. the other is white
B. another white
C. the other white
D. another is white
6. If you go to the Palace Museum, you’ll find the palaces more magnificent than commonly ____.
A. supposing
B. supposed
C. to suppose
D. suppose
7. _________, he can’t educate his own child well.
A. Though a teacher
B. A teacher as he is
C. Being a teacher
D. As he is a teacher
(keys:1—4 ccbc (如果省略的不定式结构中有be, have或have been,一般要保留) 5.c 6. b 7.a (省略了he is)
八、Articles（冠词）(By Sun Kejia)
冠词用于名词泛指：( 下列句子中名词都是泛指，注意名词前冠词的使用) A. .可数名词前
1．_______ horse is a grass-eating animal. → ______（horses）Horses are grass-eating animals.
2. Who invented _____electric light?
3. _____ train is used to carry ___passengers or goods.
B: 不可数名词前____ gold/ Gold is a rare metal
Keys: 1. The/ A horse; →不加冠词，Horses 2. the electric light (不可用an) 3. The/ A train
B. 不加冠词，Gold 想一想，为什么？
1.It is ________ world of wonders, ___________ world where we can find anything changed.
A.the; a
B./; /
C.a; a
D.a; the
2.While playing football, the boy was badly hit in _____________ leg.
A.one
B.the
C.his
D.a
3.I had only _________ slight temperature, but my mother regarded the illness as serious enough for _________ hospital treatment.
A. a; /
B. the; the
C./; /
D.a; the
4.Ms Jane is quite satisfied with the job now for which she is paid _________.
A.by an hour
B.by hour
C.by hours
D.by the hour
5.In face of ___________ failure, the most important is to keep up _________ good state of mind.
A./; the
B./; a
C.a; /
D.the; /
6.A large sum of money has been raised for the _________ of the poorly-educated children in the mountainous areas.
A.favor
B.benefit
C.profit
D.advantage
7.Li Hong’s home is far away from here indeed. It’s ___________ ride.
A.a five hour
B.a five hour’s
C.a five-hour
D.a five hours’
8.Recently CCTV has taken great pains to make a program that reviews the
important ___ of 2004.
A .affairs B.events C.matters D.things
9.It is estimated that Shanghai is _______________.
A three times the size of Wuxi
B three.times as larger as Wuxi
C.the size of Wuxi’s three times
D.as three times large as Wuxi.
10.Everyone fails now and then. It is how you react that makes a __________ in life.
A.development
B.difference
C.progress
D.point
Keys:1—5 C B A D B 6—10 B C B A B
九、adj. and adv. （形容词和副词）(by WangPing)
多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序：（最说明所修饰的名词本质的形容词靠得最近）限定词--数词--描绘词（大小、长短、高低、形状、新旧、颜色）--(国籍、地区)出处--(材料、性质、类别) + n.
a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car
A.Practice:
1. He is not _____ as any of us, but he is brave enough.
A. so a good player
B. so good a player
C. a player so good
D. a so good player
2. The lecture was so ______ that all the people in the hall felt __________.
A. boring, boring
B. boring, bored
C. bored, bored
D. bored, boring
3. I’ve got ________ work to do on a ____________ cold day.
A.much too, much too
B. too much, too much
C. too much, much too
D. much too, too much
4. He would like to sleep with the window _____ at night.
A. open wide
B. open widely
C. wide open
D. widely opened
5. American eat _______ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice
B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as
D. more than twice as many
6. One day they crossed the ________ bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone
B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese
D. Chinese stone old
7. China is a large country which is getting more and more ____________(developed/developing).
Keys: 1-6 BBCC D A 7 developed
十、Prepositions & Pronouns 介词与代词 (By Wang Ying)
1.The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways
of doing things,
_______is often the case in other countries.
A. so B what C. as D. that
2. ---- How is _______ going at work these days? Still enjoying it?
---- Well, just fine.
A. anything
B. it
C. that
D. something
3._________ my teacher’s help, I couldn’t have made much progress.
A. Owing to
B. Thanks to
C. But for
D. As to
4.If you can talk the young man __________ playing computer games at
night, he will surely do better in his studies.
5. A. of B. out of C. into D. about
6.Professor Li is a strict but kind teacher, ______ is always trying to
make his classes lively and interesting.
7. A. he B. he who C. one D. one who
8.He thought there would be many people at the show, but when he
arrived he found ________.
A. no one
B. nobody
C. nothing
D. none
9.If there is anyone who has brought abut great changes in the way we
work, ______ Bill Gates.
A. it is
B. he
C. one is
D. he’ll be
10.Mare has left the book on the table __________ purpose so that you
can read it.
A. with
B. on
C. in
D. from
11.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was?
A. where
B. what
C. how
D. which
12.Jane hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her interests.
A. anyone
B. whomever
C. whoever
D. no matter who
13.He slept well ________ all the windows open.
14.A. when B. while C. with D. because
15.__________ my finishing reading the magazine, you can have it
________.
A. On; immediately
B. At; quickly
C. For; fortunately
D. With; likely
KEYS: 1)C 非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。2)B It：惯用发，指“情况”
3）C 主句是虚拟语气。4）B talk sb. into doing sth 劝…做谋事，talk sb out of doing sth.劝…不做谋事5）D one 是a teacher同位语，who 引导定语从句修饰one.本句只填who也可以6）D 强调数量时，尤其是回答“How many…”时，用none,“一个都没有” 7）A 在没有确定某个人的情况下，都用it. 8）B on purpose 是固定短语，意思为“故意地” 9）D “是哪本书有关紧要吗？10）C “____shares her interest “缺少主语，而D 是引导状语从句的。11）C all the windows open 是短语而不是句子。故用介词。12） A on doing “一…就…”
高中英语语法讲义——名词 名词的数 单数名词变复数名词的常用法则 （1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees. （2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes. （3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries. （4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄 ．．中吃土豆 ．．、西． ．．．．在回声 红柿 ．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes. 下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。 （5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为 了自己 ．．和一片树叶 ．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives, ．．．．站在架子 ．．手里拿着刀子 ．．和他的妻子 ．．活命．，小偷 thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves. 但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。 （6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。 men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师 （8）不规则复数形式 ①变内部元音 foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese gentleman-gentlemen ②单复数同形的名词 sheep deer spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器Chinese Japanese
教师招聘考试中高中英语语法教学案例分析- 英语学科专业基础知识 中小学教师职业道德规范教师招聘考试试题及答案 新课标实施以来，英语界提出了淡化语法、注重交际的新型英语教学方针，并且得到了英语教育界的广泛认可，摒弃了从前枯燥的语法教学工作，取而代之的是只要一方能讲，一方听得懂就足够了。那么，在教师招聘考试中，我们该如何去体现出新课标的要求呢？下面，中公教育汪琴老师通过实例向大家进行介绍。 首先，我想向大家介绍一下传统的语法讲解方式，不如让我们一起走进课堂： 师：同学们，本堂课我们一起来学习非谓语动词。非谓语动词形式包括doing，done，todo，其中doing表示主动，done表示被动，todo表示将来，他们在句子之中可以作多种句子成分，具体见下表： 此外，在doing和done短语作状语的句子中，如果动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，必须省略，否则不能省略。下面我们来看几个例句:…… 生(嘈杂声一片):老师，什么是非谓语动词？ 老师，为什么不使用do？
老师，什么是状语？ 老师，…… 于是我们就会发现，精心准备的一堂课就这样在尴尬中结束了。 从上面的例子，我们可以发现当前的英语教学的形势和现状。所以，每一位老师都要去思考面对这样的学生现状我怎么来进行英语语法的教学。 接下来，将为大家介绍新模式的教学： 师：同学们，下面我来给你们讲个故事:当你出生的时候，你是个小孩子，你生下来就在哭，你的妈妈看着你对你说:“我爱你!”看着你可爱的样子，她又深情地讲:“孩子，我要给你一个吻!请你相信，我会让你幸福的!” 其中划线的句子翻译成英语分别是: Iamababy.主+系(v)+表语 Iamcrying.主+谓(v) Iloveyou.主+谓(v)+宾语 Iwillgiveyouakiss.主+谓(v)+间接宾语+直接宾语 Iwillmakeyouhappy.主+谓(v)+宾语+宾语补足语 师：同学们，上面所出现的五句话就是英语里面的五种简单基本句型，你们能记得住吗？ 生：肯定能。
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
高中英语语法“虚拟语气”的教学设计 一、教材分析： 本课是结合外研社版高中英语教材选修6中有关虚拟语气的语法内容，进行高三虚拟语气的复习，教学中将语法知识的传授和语言基本技能的学习结合到一起，注重复习语法与语言的运用。采用任务型教学法和小组合作探究学习法，从而扩大课堂的语言输入量及学生的语言输出量。 二、学情分析： 在高一和高二英语学习基础上，高三学生已经掌握基本的语言结构和一定程度的听说读写能力。在高三语法复习的过程中，结合学生原有的知识掌握水平，巩固基础强化正确使用语法知识，提高学生运用语言的深度和难度.但大部分学生的基础知识仍然较为薄弱，运用英语进行交际活动的能力较差，主动学习的动力不够，然而他们学习比较认真，渴求知欲旺盛，思维比较活跃。部分学生的基础较好，能主动配合老师。只有设置使他们感兴趣的活动，因材施教，才能让他们投入到课堂活动中来。 三、教学重点: 1.复习的重点---语法虚拟语气的句型结构. 2.语法虚拟语气的运用 四、教学难点: 1.结合复习的语法知识，以课堂教学为依托，全面训练学生的听、说、读、写能力，加强和提高运用英语的综合能力。 2.虚拟语气在真实的生活语境中的使用。 五、教学目标: 1.知识目标: 引导学生掌握情态动词在虚拟语气之中的使用。培养学生通读，分析，理解，综合的能力，教会学生体察语境，结合上下文，附和逻辑推理和合理的想象，结合语法和题干中的语境解决高考题。在运用语言过程中培养学生的观察力、分析力、想象力和自学能力，提高思维能力和运用英语的综合能力。 2.能力目标： 利用多媒体手段营造积极和谐教学氛围，使学生进入情景之中，充分调动学生的思维活动和情感体验，规范学生运用英语知识准确表达的能力，同时，发展学生综合语言运用的能力，分析问题和解决问题的能力，培养学生自主学习。 3.德育目标： 用情态动词和虚拟语气的句子结构表达思想感情和正确的世界观、人生观。 六、教学策略:
高考英语语法复习讲义——动词 动词 1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2) 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 说明： 有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词， 例如：We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。(has是助动词。) 3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)，缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明： 同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。 例如：She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb) 例如：She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。 说明： 英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。 5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase) 例如：The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)
高中英语语法教学案例分析 一、学生情况分析 授课对象为高二（2）班的学生。高二（2）班英语基础较差，对英语不太感兴趣。大部分学生的思维活动、表现欲望和合作精神在平时的教学中表现很好。根据这些特点，我采用与新课标要求相一致的教学方式，在师生互动、生生互动的过程中来实现教学任务和目标。 二、教材分析 本节课的授课内容为高中语法的一个重点也是难点的内容：宾语补足语。对于该内容学生半知半解，加上语法容易让人觉得枯燥，学生对此内容有排斥畏难心理。 三、教学目标 【知识与技能】：1.让学生弄清楚宾语补足语在句子结构中的作用和用法。2.宾语补足语的认知与掌握 【过程与方法】：1.培养学生自主学习和协作学习的能力；2.培养学生质疑意识，分析问题、解决问题、归纳问题的能力。 【情感价值观】：通过本节课的学习，培养学生的爱校情感。 四、教学策略和方法 本节课的教学以学生为中心，以问题为出发点，使课堂教学过程成为学生自主地进行信息加工、知识意义构建、归纳能力发展的过程。教师在教学过程中则适时介入，引导、启发、组织、帮助、促进。随堂进行小组指导，一方面参与学生的讨论，更给学生以个别辅导，以帮助学生解决学习过程中的难题。通过演示法把制作的课件、学生的作文等显示给学生看，便于学生对知识的把握，并从中获得启迪，从而解决问题。通过小组协作法分析问题、解决问题，
从而内化而形成学习成果，并将其在全班学生中展示，使学生获得成功的喜悦，从而激发学生的后续学习热情。通过任务驱动教学法将所要学习的新知识 隐含在一个或几个问题之中，学生通过对所提的任务进行分析、讨论，并在老 师的指导、帮助下找出解决问题的方法，最后通过任务的完成而实现对所学知 识的意义建构。 高中英语新课程的总目标就是培养学生综合运用英语的能力，提倡学以致用。所以，在中学英语语法教学中，应关注学生的学习和认知过程，注重学生 思维能力的培养，并力求把语言形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来。 五、教学过程 呈现（认知）——辨识（发现与探究）——归纳（分类梳理）——巩固（学以致用） Ⅰ. 从教材例句入手，从认知到理解过渡 1．认知——辩识 简短地对宾语补足语的概念交代之后，让学生自己从课文中找出学过的带 有宾语补足语的句子，使学生初步认知宾语补足语的形式和结构。这一步的关 键是鼓励同学们感知和发现，而不是直接告之答案。 Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. So to their surprise the three countries found themselves united. They were going to get Ireland connected to the other three. I raised my voice to make myself heard. 2．辩识——拓展 引导学生归纳总结过去分词作宾语补足语的用法，引导式地列出其他常接 宾语补足语的动词： have, get, make, leave等带有“致使”含义的动词。 see, hear, watch, feel, think, find, notice, observe等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。 like, want, wish, order等表示“希望”、“要求”等含义的动词。 3．拓展——理解 再以口头或笔头翻译的形式，给出学生一些具体实例，让学生练习的同
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义（9） 被动语态知识点整理总结 被动语态是中高考经常考的语法之一，也是日常口语和写作中必不可少的句子形式，今天笔者就带大家一起来学习它。 01 被动语态的概念 所谓被动语态是相当于主动语态而言的。如果主语是动作的执行者，那么我们就称其为主动语态，反之，如果主语是动作的承受者或动作的对象，那我们就称其为被动语态。如： 主: Many people speak Chinese. 被: Chinese is spoken by many people. 02 被动语态的结构 被动语态由"be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来。下面通过speak来说明常见时态的被动语态：一般现在时 am/is/are＋spoken 一般过去时 was/were＋spoken
一般将来时 will/shall be＋spoken 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋spoken 过去进行时 was/were being＋spoken 现在完成时 have/has been＋spoken 过去完成时 had been + spoken 03 被动语态的执行者 被动语态的执行者一般以by+人/物来引出。如果没有执行者或没必要说出执行者，则可以省略这部分。如： Some computers were stolen last night. 无法确定执行者，因此无by结构。 The glass was broken by Mike.
执行者是Mike，所以这里用by引出。 04 含有情态动词的被动语态 用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”结构。 如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. 05 特殊情况主动变被动 make/let+sb+do变为被动要还原to。如： He made the boy work for two hours a day. The boy was made to work for two hours a day. 双宾语结构的物做被动语态主语时，后面要还原出介词。如：Jack gave Peter a present just now. A present was given to Peter just now. 巩固练习 1. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
高 考 ?学科教育? 二○ 一三年 八月 81 高中英语语法教学的重要性及策略 盐城市伍佑中学 宋 政 摘 要：本文从教师和学生的心理来分析问题，发现了现代英语教学过程中对待语法知识的一些误区，阐述了语法教学在高中英语教学中的重要性，然后根据自己的理解和经验总结出了一些关于英语语法教学的方法，这些方法更重要的是培养学生的自主学习能力。 关键词：高中英语；语法教学；有效性策略；自主学习； 一、英语语法教学的重要性 在高中英语教学的过程中，有很多老师不太在意语法的教学。在应试教育的背景下，只注重学生的听、说、读、写、译这五个方面，忽视了语法的重要性。了解语法，对于学习一门语言极其重要，它能够帮助我们更快更好的理解语言并运用语言。所以，在高中英语教学过程中，让学生熟练的掌握英语语法，十分必要。高中生学习英语已不是初次接触，所以早已没有开始学习的热情，随着英语的深度和难度的加大，当老师讲解语法知识时，会感到困惑，觉得英语学习碰到了瓶颈。尽管买了一大堆的资料，练习翻译、写作，却发现效果不明显。 英语学习是一个全面的过程，包括听、说、读、写、译和语法，语法更是其中最重要的一个方面。只有掌握了语法，才能更为深入和全面的了解英语，才能更为直观的了解作者想要表达的意思。通过老师在课堂上对英语书中知识的讲解，学生会对英语有一些了解，但这些并不足以让他们熟练的运用英语，这就需要用有效方法去学习语法，使得英语的学习更加规范和全面。教授学生英语语法知识，有助于提高学生的英语成绩，为日后学生的英语交流打下基础。因此，英语语法的教学不能忽略，老师要运用有效的、有策略的方法让学生系统的接受语法知识。 二、英语语法教学的策略 1、明确教学任务，分清重难点。 高中生所要接触的语法内容很多，比如各种从句、直接引语、间接引语和情态动词等，这些内容前后联系，复杂繁琐，需要老师从整体上系统具体的把握这些知识点，以便于教学过程中能够得心应手。同时，老师也要对自己学生的语法基础有大概的了解。再者，老师的教学过程要有重点，不能没有层次。要注意分析学生的作业和试卷，整理出学生易错的知识，并加上自己对语法的了解，然后在课堂上把整理出来的重点详细讲解，其他内容大概讲解，对于个别同学提出的问题要认真对待，确保每个学生都能理解这些语法知识。 2、把语法知识融入日常教学，并循环复习。 有些老师会仔细地把自己的教学任务分成好几部分，然后按照自己的安排决定每节课所要教的内容。我觉得这并不科学，任何一门语言都是整体的，不能够把它分成多少部分来教学，语法是贯穿整个语言之中的。在英语教学过程中，如果老师一下子把所有语法都交给学生，学生是无法接受的，他们的能力有限，如果一次性要学的东西很多，那就容易弄混、弄错，甚至什么都没记住。因此把语法只是融入日常的教学环节，是明智之举。艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线规律告诉我们，人们接受信息时是短时记忆，会遗忘，只有及时的复习才能变成长时记忆。循环复习知识点，有助于加深印象，在教学过程中，老师要有耐心，要不厌其烦的讲解同一个知识点。 3、理论联系实际，培养学生自主能力。 老师在教学过程中要注意理论与实际相联系，把语法结构用在平时的交流中,让学生在实际的语言中去感知、理解、 记忆,从而更有效地掌握语法。高尔基说过，书籍是人类进 步的阶梯。看书是人们获取知识的重要途径，但很多学生不知道该怎么看，老师可以推荐一些比较好的语法书给学生，让他们利用课余时间去看。重要的是要让他们学会自己发现问题、提出问题及解决问题，培养他们自主学习的能力，这时老师应该充当的是辅助学习的角色，《英语课程标准》中也指出要以学生为主体的思想。 4、多样教学，活跃课堂气氛。 理论上来说，学习应该是一个快乐的过程，但由于我国的特殊背景，高中的课堂一般都异常沉闷，不像国外，课上随意发言，老师和学生像朋友一样交流问题。而且由于我国高中生课程较多，英语不是唯一课程，课后用来学习英语的时间也不多，因此英语的运用能力得不到锻炼，语法知识就不会很好。在课堂上，老师可以为学生创造出一些情境，让他们自由发挥，提高交际能力，激发学生对英语的学习兴趣。老师一味的用枯燥的专业名词讲解语法势必会让学生感到无聊乏味，如果能增加教学的趣味，就能够带来意料之外的好结果。比如有些琐碎的知识点，一个个记很麻烦也不一定能够记住，这时可用顺口溜，语句简短，趣味性也不错，这就可以引起学生的兴趣，就容易记住那些本来不易记住的东西。同时，也可以推荐学生多看一些好的美剧和英语书籍，既可以放松心情也可以学习知识，一举两得。 5、结合对比归纳法。 英语语法复杂繁琐，有很多规则相似，但不易区分，尤其在运用时，学生很容易搞错。在教学过程中，老师除了要及时帮助学生改正错误，还要帮助他们发现规律，运用对比归纳法发现区别，加深印象。例如在学习名词性从句时，可以对比以下句子，分清各是什么从句： ①She dose not know when Marry will come back.②The question is when Marry will come back.③When Marry will come back is not known yet. ④They have no idea about when Marry will come back. 让学生仔细比较四个斜体的句子，尽管都是when Marry will come back 但由于位置不同，句子结构也不同，学生可以发现第一个宾语从句，第二个是表语从句，第三个是主语从句，第四个是同位语从句。然后老师将名词性从句的词序特征、四类连接词和关系代词的使用方法进行对比和归纳，让学生能全面了解名词性从句，从而达到让他们正确运用的目的。 总而言之，语法教学是一个长期而艰巨的过程。作为教师，应不断的学习，提高自身业务能力，可以针对不同的教学目标和内容，采用不同的教学方法。语法的教学过程不是一味地让学生接受知识，而是要让学生灵活运用知识。老师在教学过程中，要精心设计教学活动，并注意语法知识与其他英语知识的融合，使学生更好地理解所学知识。
语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。 2．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大，不可数名词的后面也可加“s”，如sands，ashes，waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候，特别要记住英语中有一些名词，它们无论在什么情况下，前面都不能用a/an，后面也不可加“s”，如weather，information，等。 3．有的名词既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词，既可以是可数，也可以是不可数，它们的意义有时略有不同，有时则完全不同。如：difficulty, success, time, work，paper，glass，等。 4．用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如：few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如：little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是：a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1．通常被看作单数的主语部分 1）不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2）表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin.
高中英语教学案例分析(一) ---- Cultural Relics—In Search of the Amber Room（阅读课） 教材版本：人教版高中英语必修2授课时间：40分钟 一、学生分析 教学对象为高中一年级学生，智力发展趋于成熟。他们的认知能力比初中阶段有了进一步的发展，渐渐形成用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力，因此我特别注重提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。他们学习英语方法由死记硬背转型向理解型并应用到交际上，他们有自己的学习技能和策略，学会把语言学习与现实生活和兴趣联系起来。通过任务型课堂活动和学习，学生的学习自主性得到加强，不再认为英语的课堂学习很枯燥，主动参与到活动中去，成为课堂的主体，同时也加强了与他人交流合作的能力。学生已经完成了高中英语第一个模块的学习，渐渐习惯了我的教法。虽然一开始他们觉得与初中教学很不相同（初中老师注重手把手式的语法教学），但经过半个学期后，他们适应得很快，而且还取得一定的进步。他们会对课文内容提出自己的疑惑和勇于阐述见解，并且从课内知识拓展到课外，通过多种渠道获取学习资源。不过，本班学生的水平参差不齐，有些差距还相当大。因此在教学过程中，布置的任务要兼顾各个层次的学生，使他们都有所收获。 二、教材分析 这一课是本单元第一个课时。在上这一节课前并没有让他们了解太多的与课文内容相关的知识，只是由于这课出现的人名和地方名比较多，我在课前教他们读了一下。我在备这一课时，发现它的warming-up部分会花费比较长的时间，于是我没有采用，而使用了我自己另外准备的引入（只是花了4到5分钟的时间），
让学生对这课的话题作好心理准备，也为了完成本单元的目标作了铺垫。我觉得在今后也必须合理使用手中的教材，根据学生水平和教学设计进行整合或增减，让不同层次的学生在课堂上都有所收获。 三、教学目标 本课为阅读课型，主要介绍有关俄罗斯遗失琥珀屋的轶事。通过阅读使学生了解世界文化遗产，学会描述他们的起源、发展和保护等方面的情况。教师根据课文内容用不同的形式来让学生自己归纳，提高阅读技能。由于这课讲述国外文化遗产，学生会感到陌生，为了引起共鸣，因此要把中外文化遗产结合一起讨论。本课目的要使学生学会如何谈论文化遗产以及最后形成保护文物的意识。 教学内容大致分为以下几个方面： 1．看图片和听录音引入文化遗产这一话题。 2．从网上下载一些琥珀屋图片并展示给学生看，分辨新旧琥珀屋，给学生以感官上的刺激，而且有利于帮助学生对文章的理解。（一些生词用板书） 3．学生阅读课文后完成精读练习。 4．两人围绕琥珀屋设计小对话。 5．语言学习--难句解释。 6．小结文章，一是找关键线索，二是写作手法。 7．小组讨论，包括复述课文，加深对文章的理解，以及学生总结自己通过本课学习学到了什么（达到教学目标--形成保护文物意识）。 四、教学策略 环环相扣，设计紧凑。先利用录音和图片引起兴趣，然后带着问题有目的地阅读文章，通过回答问题掌握细节，知道琥珀屋从形式－失踪－重建的过程，
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building
高中英语语法教学方式 导读：本文高中英语语法教学方式，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 高中英语语法教学方式 陈波 （重庆市开县临江中学） 摘要：学习语法是学习英语的一个重要途径和环节，高中英语语法教学对于学好高中英语有着重要意义，能够充分展现学生对于英语学习的运用能力，因此掌握科学的语法教学方式，教师才能够更好地开展高中英语教学活动。 关键词：高中英语；语法教学；教学方式 高中英语教学是我国高中课程中一门非常重要的课程，关系着学生综合素质的培养和提升，在英语教学过程中，语法教学是英语教学的难点和重点，掌握好的语法教学方式能够帮助学生学好英语，提高学生的书面表达能力，在教学过程中全面提升我国高中英语教学质量。 一、基础教学 在语法教学过程中，教师需要主动去了解学生的学习难点，对于学生在学习语法过程中存在的偏差给予正确的指导，针对语言学科的学习特点，教师能够给予学生科学指导，更好地为高中英语语法教学奠定基础。在教学过程中，教师需要详细认真地对教学大纲进行分析，通过掌握基础教学方式，从而依据大纲要求能够将语法教学按照难易
程度划分等级，这样有利于针对不同学习情况的学生展开教学活动。 二、教学方式 必须要将语法和教学内容联系起来，不能够抓着语法讲单词，在语法教学过程中，需要重视语法的运用，对照课文内容能够学会采用案例的形式进行语法分析，这样语法教学也不会变得太枯燥、太乏味，将语法渗透到日常教学中，学生在无形中就可以掌握语法的基本运用。比如，like to do sth. /sb，I like watching “Three Kingdoms”。/I like my English teacher very much.在语法专项训练过程中，可以利用学生已经掌握的语法、词汇等进行举例，这样学生就能够调动自己的好胜心和好奇心去学习语法，将自己的注意力全部集中到语法教学中，利用教师选取的案例很好地完成语法学习。 同时在教学过程中，学生也能更充分地理解语法的作用，对于语法教学有一个完整的认识，而不是为了学习语法才学习语法，通过语法教学能让学生的英语整体水平，比如阅读能力、写作能力和表达能力得到明显提升。从整体上来说，语法教学是比较枯燥的，因此，教师需要把握好语法教学的进度，不能够为了完成教学任务而开展教学活动，这样的教学效率是非常低的，在教学过程中，需要对已经学过的课文内容进行很好的讲解，从而提高高中英语语法教学效率。 三、反思教学法 这种教学方式就是要求教师对自己的教学内容经常进行反思，寻找更好的教学方式，根据学生的实际学习情况，不断调整教学计划，从而有重点地完成语法教学。教师经常对教学内容进行更新和整理，
高中英语语法讲义-----定语从句 概念 1,定语：修饰限定人或物的成分。a cute girl , the pen on the desk . The boy sitting here is my student. The book bought yesterday is popular. 2,定语从句：修饰限定人或物的句子. The boy who is sitting here is my student. The book which was bought yesterday is popular 3,先行词：被定语从句修饰的人或物—the boy / the book. *注意词组---the old man under the tree(指人) 4，关系词：代替先行词引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系副词）---who / which. I, who am 48, teach you English. 5,限定性定语从句：从句紧跟在先行词后译为一句话。 6,非限定性定语从句：主句从句逗号分开，译为两句话。既可对某个先行词也可对整个主句进行补充说明 （不用that）。 You have been admitted to a top university , which has made your parents excited. 限定性定语从句： 在从句中所做成分关系词 先行词指人：1，主语who/ that 2, 宾语whom/ who/ that/--- 3, 定语（某人的）+ n whose I have a friend. 1, He works in Wuhan.-----I have a friend who / that works in Wuhan. 2, I love him -----I have a friend ( whom/ who/ that ) I love. 3,His name is Ray.----I have a friend whose name is Ray. *当做介词宾语且和介词一起引导从句时：介词+ whom（人）/which （物）+从句。不能省略！ The girl is Lily. You talked with her.---The girl (whom/who/that) you talked with is Lily. ---The girl with whom you talked is Lily. 在从句中所做成分关系词 先行词指物1，主语which/ that 2, 宾语which / that / --- 3, 定语（某物的）+ n whose * whose + n = the+ n of which / of which the +n . 4，状语时间when =介词+ which 地点where= 介词+ which * 从句完整 the reason why = for which I have a flat . 1, It lies on the 5th floor.---I have a flat which / that lies on the 5th floor. 2, I bought it in 2006.----I have a flat (which / that) I bought in 2006. 3, Its door faces to the south.---I have a flat whose door(the door of which/ of which the door ) faces to the south. 4,We’ve lived in it for about 11 years---I have a flat (which / that)we’ve lived in for about 11 years. / in which we’ve lived for about 11years. / where we’ve lived for about 11 years.(we’ve lived为SVi完整) I’ll remember the day __when__ we had a good time together.(从句完整)