1北京中考英语完型填空专题
一、序言
完形填空是检测英语水平的重要题型之一，不仅考察诸如词汇、词组、句型、习惯用法等这些基
础知识，更考察学生的阅读能力、把握作者意图的能力、对整篇文章的把握能力以及根据上下文进
行推理的能力（重点）。
解答这样的题目，除了必要的基础知识(声明：如果文章很多单词不认识，看不懂，那么“巧妇难为无米之炊”，更何况我不是“巧妇”)和阅读能力之外，很重要的是要学会掌握文章大意以及根据上下文进行推理的能力。这是我讲解的重点，也是我解答这类题目的主要方法和技巧。 下面先看中考完形填空中可能出现的完形填空类型。
二、完型填空可能考察的类型(这部分可以跳过去，不用看)：
1. 单项选择型(重点)
范例：(东城2009一模) My mother was the one who always beat me. I always cried loudly to let the neighbors __1__ she was killing me. For example, if she acted as though she was about to __2__ her hand to me, I would open my __3__ and let the world know about it. If anybody was passing by out on the road, __4__ would either change her mind or just give me a few light touches. Thinking about it now, I feel certain that just as my father supported me for being __5__ than the other children, my mother gave me more shout for the __6__ reason. She was very bright herself, but she liked the ones who were __7__. Jimmy, my eldest brother, I knew, was especially her __8__. I remember that he would tell me to get out of the house. “Let the sun shine on you so you can get some color.” He went out of his way __9__ to let me have a sense of color—advantage.
I learned early that crying out in disagreement could finish things. My older brothers and sister would
sometimes come in from school and __10__ a biscuit with butter or something. My mother impatiently, would tell them no. But I would cry out and make a big noise until I got what I wanted. I remember well
how my mother asked me __11__ I couldn’t be a nice boy like Wilfred. But I would think to myself that
Wilfred, for being so nice and quiet, often stayed __12__. So early in life, I had learned that if you want something, you had better make some noises.
( )1. A. hope B. see C. think D. understand
( )2. A. raise B. show C. pass D. hold
( )3. A. door B. window C. eyes D. mouth
( )4. A. he B. she C. I D. they
( )5. A. happier B. luckier C. brighter D. kinder
( )6. A. right B. wrong C. same D. different
( )7. A. darker B. cleverer C. nearer D. older
2( )8. A. need B. love C. kind D. favorite
( )9. A. never B. often C. sometimes D. usually
( )10. A. put down B. ask for C. look at D. sell out
( )11. A. how B. when C. where D. why
( )12. A. silent B. hungry C. healthy D. pleasant
2. 选词填空型
范例：(东城2009一模)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给的词填空。
area big have in second and shop
There are three special things about a city. The first thing is about its population. A __10__ city
may have millions of people while a small city may __11__ only twenty thousand. The __12__special thing
about a city is that it has a large __13__. A city takes up a lot of land. People __14__ the city are close
together. That is the third thing that makes cities special. In large cities, there are thousands __15__
thousands of buildings. The buildings are very close together. Many people live, work, or __16__ in each
building. All these people use the streets and sidewalks. They use the parks and playgrounds.
3. 根据首字母填空或者自由填词型
范例：根据短文内容以及每个空所给开头字母填空。
Why do people drink? Often they are t____, but this can’t be the o___ reason, there must be other reasons, too. In many countries, when friends see e____ other, they often have a drink while they sit and talk. Many English people don’t need anyone else; they drink tea s____ times a day even if they are alone! In most countries people say s____ special when they drink t_____. The English often say cheers. In all countries there are many places (c____, bars, etc.) of which the main aim is to sell drinks. Since there are so many of these places, it seems that many people drink more often than they r_________ need to. The b_______ drink is water. Everyone needs water e_____. So water is very important for us.
3三、单项选择型完型填空解答方法讲解
１、原理讲解 单项选择型完型填空是上述北京中考三种题型中必考的，也是难度最大的。解答这样的完型填空，不仅需要必要的基础知识和阅读能力，我更强调，掌握文章大意以及根据上下文进行推理的能力。 解答这类题目时，应快速把文章看一遍，不管有多少生单词，不管中间有多少单词空着了，一定要硬着头皮看下去，在这过程中，尽量看懂文章的大意并且建立起对文章的整体印象。 对于文章的大意，谨记，任何一篇文章都只会在说一件事，也就是只有一个中心大意，看懂了文章的大意，相当于抓住了主线，其他的都是围绕着这个主线展开的，所以解答时要把解答选项的思路都往这主线上靠拢。纵观且横观北京近些年中考英语和各区的模拟考试题的完型填空考题，可以发现这些文章再表现文章的大意上，是挺有规律的，也就是主题句在文章里的位置挺有规律。谨记，主题句通常是最后一句，最后一段或者文章第一句。这是由西方人的思维方式决定的，一般比较明显。 这几年的完型填空考的大部分都是通过一两件具体的事情来说明一个人生哲理，或者作者与某亲
人或朋友的关系。总结起来就是，讲述道理或者亲情。
而对于建立起对文章的整理印象，是为了下一步根据上下文进行推理作准备的。夸张地，有些中考题或者模拟题多达70%是需要根据上下文来推理得到答案的，仅仅知道单词或词组的意思是不够的，你可能遇到过这种情况，四个选项的单词或词组你都很清楚，但是就是不知道该选哪个。不用着急，答案必定在下文或者在上文里。又或者选项里出现了一个新的词组，你以前压根儿没学过，那么注意看看上下文有没出现什么提示。
42、范例
请按照后面的“3、讲解与分析”步骤完成这篇完型，请务必跟着我的思路。 2010海淀一模： One night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, a distance of eighty miles. I was late soＩdrove very 36 . Several times I got stuck(堵住) behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow(狭窄的) road，and I was shouting and 37 the steering wheel (方向盘) with impatience(不耐烦)． At one point along an open highway(公路)，I came to a crossroads with a traffic light．I was alone on the road，but as I got 38 the light，it turned red and I stopped．I looked left，right and behind me．Nothing．Not a car, no 39 of headlights(车头灯)，but there I sat，waiting for the light to change，the only human being for at least a mile in any 40 ． I started wondering why I refused(拒绝) to run the red light．There was obviously(明显地) no policeman around，and it certainly would not have been 41 in going through it． Later that night，after I had climbed into bed，the question of why I stopped for that light 42 back to me．I did so because it’s part of a contract (协议) we all have with each other．It’s not only the law，but an agreement(协议) we have，and we trust each other to 43 it. It’s 44 that we ever trust each other to do the right things. It’s a good thing because the whole structure(结构) of our society(社会) depends on trust．This whole thing we have going for us would fall apart(土崩瓦解) if we didn’t trust each other most of the time．We do 45 we say we’ll do；and we pay when we say we’ll pay．We trust each other in these matters(事情)，and when we don’t do what we’ve 46 ， others will be angry or disappointed(失望的) with us because we violate (亵渎) the 47 they have in us． I was so proud(骄傲的) of myself for stopping for the red light that night!
36. A. fast B. well C. carefully D.quietly 37. A. pulling B. playing C. fixing D. hitting 38. A. along with B. down to C. close to D. out of 39. A. condition(条件) B. suggestion(迹象，暗示)C. instruction D. relation 40. A. way B. situation(状况) C. road D. direction(方向) 41. A. safe B. easy C. dangerous D. wrong 42. A. came B. went C. rushed D. flew 43. A. honor(遵守，尊重) B. make C. protect(保护) D. believe 44. A. surprising(吃惊的) B. amazing(不可思议的) C. interesting D. frustrating(令人沮丧的) 45. A. which B. what C. whether D. that 46. A. accepted B. told C. promised D. known 47. A. truth B. pride C. worth D. trust
说明：为了能让小孩更好的理解解答的思路，我把文章里一些比较难得单词的中文写出来了。
