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北京市西城区2017届高三化学二模(含答案word清晰版)

北京市西城区2017届高三化学二模(含答案word清晰版)
北京市西城区2017届高三化学二模(含答案word清晰版)

北京市西城区2017届高三化学二模

2017.5

本试卷共16页,共300分。考试时长150分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量:O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5

第一部分(选择题共120分)

本部分共20小题,每小题6分,共120分。在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。

6.下列材料中不属于有机高分子化合物的是

二氧化硅聚酯纤维聚丙烯酸钠

7.下列事实与水解反应无关

..的是

A.用Na2S除去废水中的Hg2+

B.用热的Na2CO3溶液去油污

C.利用油脂的皂化反应制造肥皂

D.配制CuSO4溶液时加少量稀H2SO4

8.下列事实不能

..用元素周期律解释的是

A.酸性:HClO4 > H2SO4

B.Na、Mg与水反应,Na更剧烈

C.气态氢化物的稳定性:HF > HCl

D.向Na2SO3溶液中加盐酸,有气泡产生

9.已知反应:2Fe 3+ + 2I - 2Fe 2+ + I 2,用KI 溶液和FeCl 3溶液进行如下实验。下列说法中,不正确...

的是

A .实验i 中现象说明有Fe

2+生成

B .实验ii 中现象说明反应后溶液中含有Fe 3+

C .实验iii 水溶液中c (Fe 2+)大于i 中c (Fe 2+)

D .实验iii 中再加入4滴0.1 mol·L -1 FeCl 2溶液,振荡静置,CCl 4层溶液颜色无变化

10.在一定条件下,利用CO 2合成CH 3OH 的反应如下:

CO 2(g) + 3H 2(g)CH 3OH(g) + H 2O(g) △H 1, 研究发现,反应过程中会有副反应: CO 2(g) + H 2(g)CO(g) + H 2O(g) △H 2。

温度对CH 3OH 、CO 的产率影响如右图所示。下列说法中,不正确...的是 A .△H 1 < 0,△H 2 > 0

B .增大压强有利于加快合成反应的速率

C .生产过程中,温度越高越有利于提高CH 3OH 的产率

D .合成CH 3OH 反应的平衡常数表达式是

11.依据下列实验现象,不能..

得出对应结论的是

K =

c (CH 3OH)·c (H 2O)

c (CO 2)·c 3(H 2)

12.工业酸性废水中的Cr2O72-可转化为Cr3+除去,实验室用电解法模拟该过程,结果如下表所示(实验开始时溶液体积为50 mL,Cr2O72-的起始浓度、电压、电解时间均相同)。下列说法中,不正确

...的是

A.对比实验①②可知,降低pH可以提高Cr2O72-的去除率

B.实验②中,Cr2O72-在阴极放电的电极反应式是Cr2O72-+ 6e-+ 14H+ == 2Cr3+ + 7H2O

C.实验③中,Cr2O72-去除率提高的原因是Cr2O72-+ 6Fe2++ 14H+ == 2Cr3+ + 6Fe3+ + 7H2O

D.实验③中,理论上电路中每通过6 mol电子,则有1 mol Cr2O72-被还原

非选择题(共11题共180分)

25.(17分)

聚合物(W是链节中的部分结构)是一类重要的功能高分子材料。聚合物X是其中的一种,转化路线如下:

已知:

(R代表烃基或氢原子)

(1)A的结构简式是________。

(2)B所含的官能团名称是_________________。

(3)E的结构简式是____________________。

(4)①的化学方程式是_______________________。

(5)②的反应类型是_______________________。

(6)J是五元环状化合物,③的化学方程式是

______________________________________________________________。(7)X的结构简式是____________________________________________。

26.(14分)MnSO4在工业中有重要应用。用软锰矿浆(主要成分为MnO2和水,含有Fe2O3、FeO、Al2O3和少量PbO等杂质)浸出制备MnSO4,其过程如下:I.向软锰矿浆中通入SO2,锰、铁、铝、铅元素以离子形式浸出,测得浸出液的pH<2。

II.向浸出液中加MnO2,充分反应后,加入石灰乳,调溶液pH = 4.7。

III.再加入阳离子吸附剂,静置后过滤。

IV.滤液蒸发浓缩,冷却结晶,获得MnSO4晶体。

【资料】部分阳离子形成氢氧化物沉淀的pH

(1)I中向软锰矿浆中通入SO2生成MnSO4,该反应的化学方程式是___________________________________________________________。

(2)II 中加入MnO2的主要目的是______________________________________;调溶液pH = 4.7,生成的沉淀主要含有________________________________ 和少量CaSO4。

(3)III中加入阳离子吸附剂,主要除去的离子是________。

(4)用惰性电极电解MnSO4溶液,可以制得高活性

MnO2。

①电解MnSO4溶液的离子方程式是

_________________________________________。

②高活性MnO2可用于催化降解甲醛,有关微

粒的变化如右图所示,其中X是________,

总反应的化学方程式是_________________________________________。

27.(12分)

氨氮废水中的氮元素多以NH 4+和NH 3·H 2O 的形式存在。某工厂处理氨氮废水的流程如下:

(1)I 中加入NaOH 溶液,调pH =11并鼓入大量空气。用离子方程式表示加NaOH 溶液的作用是____________________;鼓入大量空气的目的是_________________。

(2)II 中加入适量NaClO 溶液,控制pH 在6~7,将氨氮转化为无毒物质。 ① 为了完全从废水中去除氨氮,加入的NaClO 与水体中NH 4+ 的物质的量之比最小是________。

② 过程II 发生3个反应:

i . ClO -+ H + == HClO

ii . NH 4+ + HClO == NH 2Cl + H + + H 2O (NH 2Cl 中Cl 元素为+1价) iii . ……

已知:水体中以+1价形式存在的氯元素有消毒杀菌的作用,被称为“余氯”。右图为NaClO 加入量与“余氯”含量的关系示意图。其中氨氮含量最低的点是c 点。 b 点表示的溶液中氮元素的主要存在形式是(用化学式表示)________; 反应iii 的化学方程式是

____________________________________________。

(3)III 中用Na 2SO 3溶液处理含余氯废水,要求达标废水中剩余Na 2SO 3的含量小于5 mg·L -1。若含余氯废水中NaClO 的含量是74.5 mg·L -1,则处理10 m 3 含余氯废水,至多添加10% Na 2SO 3溶液________kg (溶液体积变化忽略不计)。

28.(15分)某小组同学设计如下实验,研究亚铁盐与H2O2溶液的反应。

【实验Ⅰ】

试剂:酸化的0.5 mol·L-1 FeSO4溶液(pH = 0.2),5% H2O2溶液(pH = 5)

(1)上述实验中H2O2溶液与FeSO4溶液反应的离子方程式是

__________________________________________________。

(2)产生气泡的原因是___________________________________。

【实验Ⅱ】试剂:未酸化的0.5 mol·L-1 FeSO4溶液(pH = 3),5% H2O2溶液(pH = 5)

(3)将上述混合物分离,得到棕黄色沉淀和红褐色胶体。取部分棕黄色沉淀洗净,加4 mol·L-1盐酸,沉淀溶解得到黄色溶液。初步判断该沉淀中含有Fe2O3,经检验还含有SO42-。检验棕黄色沉淀中SO42-的方法是________________________。

(4)对于生成红褐色胶体的原因,提出两种假设:

i.H2O2溶液氧化Fe2+ 消耗H+ ii.Fe2+ 氧化的产物发生了水解

①根据实验II记录否定假设i,理由是________________________________。

②实验验证假设ii:取__________________________,加热,溶液变为红褐

色,pH下降,证明假设ii成立。

(5)将FeSO4溶液加入H2O2溶液后,产生红褐色胶体,反应的离子方程式是__________________________________________________。

【实验Ⅲ】若用FeCl2溶液替代FeSO4溶液,其余操作与实验II相同,除了产生与II相同的现象外,还生成刺激性气味气体,该气体能使湿润的蓝色石蕊试纸变红但不褪色。

(6)产生刺激性气味气体的原因是________。

(7)由实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ可知,亚铁盐与H2O2反应的现象与________(至少写两点)有关。

西城区高三模拟测试 理科综合参考答案及评分标准 2017.5 第一部分(选择题 共120分)

25~28题其他正确答案可参照本标准给分

25.(17分,第3、4、6小题每空3分,其余每空2分) (1)C2H5OH (2)醛基 (3)CH2=CHCHO (4) (5)加成反应 (6)

(7)

26.(14分,每空2分)

(1)SO2 +MnO2 == MnSO4

(2)将Fe2+氧化为Fe3+除去 Fe(OH)3 Al(OH)3 (3)Pb2+、Ca2+

(4)① Mn2+ + 2H2O MnO2 + H2↑ + 2H+

② HCO3- CO2 + H2O

电解

27.(12分,每空2分)

(1)NH4+ + OH-== NH3·H2O 将NH3吹出

(2)① 3:2

② NH2Cl 2NH2Cl + HClO == N2 + 3HCl + H2O

(3)13.1

28.(15分,第2小题1分,其余每空2分)

(1)2Fe2+ + H2O2 + 2H+ == 2Fe3+ + 2H2O

(2)Fe3+催化下H2O2分解产生O2 (或用化学方程式表示)

(3)取加入盐酸后的黄色溶液少许于试管中,加入BaCl2溶液,产生白色沉淀,说明棕黄色沉淀中含有SO42-

(4)①反应后溶液的pH降低

② Fe2(SO4)3溶液

(5)2Fe2++ H2O2 + 4H2O == 2Fe(OH)3(胶体)+ 4H+

(6)H2O2分解反应放热,促进Fe3+的水解平衡正向移动,产生的HCl受热挥发(7)pH、阴离子种类、温度、反应物用量

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