1
We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished，as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their
native languages.
主干识别：We are obliged to them
其他成分：because some of these languages have since vanished，状语从句
as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.状语从句中的原因状语从句
翻译点拨：词汇的处理
1）be obliged to感激，感谢某人
极少有人能译对这个词组，多数人根据oblige的常用意思译为“被迫”，“有义务”，都不符原文。一词多义很重要！
2）have since vanished从那以后就消失了，不复存在了；此处的since 表示“从此以后”之意；
3）die out 消失
4）native languages母语
成分的处理：
some of these languages have since vanished
从此以后，这些语言中的一部分消失了
the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages
讲这些语言的人要么灭绝了，要么被同化了，因而丧失了自己的语言
再用相应的关联词将句子连接起来。
参考译文：我们之所以感激他们，是因为从此以后，这些语言中的一部分消失了，因为讲这些语言的人要么灭绝了，要么被同化了，因而丧失了自己的语言
2
With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever
Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.
【词汇突破】Futurist：未来主义
with regard to：关于（替换词：with respect to，in the light of,in terms of ）
【主干识别】the case is rather difficult 加原因状语从句
【其他成分】With regard to Futurist poetry状语；for it can hardly be classed as Literature.原因状语从句；whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right原因状语从句中的让步状语从句。
【微观解析】whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right中，even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right在句中充当状
语，admmiting 后接宾语从句，主干为the theory may be right，on which it is based作定语修饰the theory，it 指代futurist poetry。
这个句子的难点还在于whatever的用法。whatever的字典释义为：
（1）代词（pron.）①任何(事物), 每样(事物) ②无论什么, 不管什么③（用于问句，表示惊讶或困惑）到底是什么，究竟是什④（用于回应，表示不在乎或不感兴趣）或许吧，无所谓⑤（表示不在乎，什么都可接受）什么都可以
（2）形容词（adj.）①任何, 什么……
（3）副词（adv.）①任何②一点儿都（不）；丝毫（不）；什么都（没有）③不管发生什么。
whatever的用法主要有以下两点需要关注：
（1）引导名词性从句，相当于anything that，意思是“所……的任何事情”，在语气上比what 更加强调。例：
Whatever she did was right. 她所做的一切都是对的。
Take whatever you want. 你想要什么就拿什么吧。
（2）引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what，意思是“无论什么”，“不管什么”，whatever 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。例：
Whatever happens，you mustn’t lose your heart.
无论发生什么事情，你都不要丧失信心。（作主语）
Whatever you do，do it well.
无论你做什么事情都要把它做好。（作宾语）
Whatever I am，it is useful to know foreign languages.
无论我干什么，懂几门外语总是有用的。（作表语）
You have to go on whatever difficulties you meet.
不管遇到什么困难你都得进行下去。（作定语）
【难点揭秘】这个句子的难点在于结构复杂的状语从句，在状语中还加入了处理的办法是先将句子简化，理解之后再逐渐加入其他的成分，这也是长难句的通常解决办法
【译文赏析】然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么——就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的——这种形式也很难被归入文学。
3
Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton
summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star
restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
【词汇突破】hypocritical 虚伪的；
spectacles 景象
ample 充足的
radical 激进的，根本的
journalist 记者，新闻工作者
advocate 支持
participatory democracy 参与制民主
enrolled in 注册入学，入伍
【主干识别】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 主谓结构的被动态
【其他成分】which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定语从句修饰spectacles；“：”之后列出三种虚伪的景象的代表人物，举例说明。
【微观解析】定语从句还原为一个完整的句子：The spectacles now more than ever seem in ample supply.其主干为：The spectacles seem in ample supply；now more than ever为状语。代表人物一the critic of American materialism（美国物质主义的批评者）with a Southampton summer home;（其拥有南安普顿的避暑山庄）；代表人物二the publisher of radical books（激进书刊的出版者）who takes his meals in three-star restaurants，定语从句讲他们却在三星级酒店就餐（因为激进主义者往往是最求生活极简的）；代表人物三the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life（支持在人生的各个阶段推崇参与制民主的记者）whose own children are enrolled in private schools定语从句讲他们自己的孩子却在私立学校上学（私立学校的教育是精英制的，而参与制民主是需要和大众贴近的）。
【难点揭秘】冒号后并列的三个部分就是三个名词后面接上比较长的定语修饰，这样就造成了阅读的困难；
【译文赏析】相反，我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更多见：批判美国式物质主义的人却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐；倡导在人生各个阶段实施参与式民主的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。【翻译点拨】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles如果直接翻译那就是：我们被招待了很好的虚伪景象；这样的说法并不符合中文的习惯，中文是多主动，英语多被动，因此句子转译为：我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象fine 处理为非常。
4
Who would have thought that, globally, theIT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’sairlines do---roughly 2 percent of all C02 emissions?
Many everyday tasks take a surprising tollon the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of C02,depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly,then, Google has to maintain vast data centers around the world, packed withpowerful computers. While producing large quantities of C02, these computersemit a great deal of heat, so the centers need to be well air-conditioned, whichuses even more energy?
However, Google and other big techproviders monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring isthe first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, andnot just by big companies.
第一句：
Who would have thought that, globally, theIT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’sairlines do---roughly 2 percent of all C02 emissions?
解析：1.其中的难点来自于globally 这个状语到底放在那里比较合适，这里只有通过语义进
行判断；
2.---roughly 2 percent of all C02 emissions作之前the same volume 的同位语
参考译文：谁能想到信息技术行业产生的温室气体总量会与航空业不相上下，约占全球二氧化碳排放量的2%?
第二句：
Many everyday tasks take a surprising tollon the environment.
解析：1.对于toll 的理解：
Thehailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.
昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
Take a toll …对…造成伤害；
2. 根据上下文可以在这里加上定语，信息技术行业中的许多日常工作；
参考译文：（信息技术行业的）许多日常工作对环境造成了意想不到的危害。
第三句：
A Google search can leak between 0.2 and7.0 grams of C02, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right”answer.
解析： depen dingon…取决于…前面有一个范围，所以这里可以在翻译的时候加上：（具体的数值）取决于…
Attempts 这里可以赋予具体的含义：搜索
参考译文：每用谷歌搜索一次就会释放出0.2克至7.0克的二氧化碳，具体的数值取决于使用者需要搜索多少次才能得到“正确”答案。
第四句：
To deliver results to its users quickly,then, Google has to maintain vast data centers around the world, packed withpowerful computers.
解析：To deliverresults to its users quickly, 状语
packed with powerful computers. 状语
参考译文：为了把搜索结果迅速传输给用户，谷歌不得不在全世界范围内建立大型数据中心，并配备大功率计算机。除了排放大量二氧化碳，这些计算机还释放许多热量，因此数据中心还需要良好的空调环境，而这又会更多的能量。
第五句：
While producing large quantities of C02,these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centers need to be wellair-conditioned, which uses even more energy?
解析：while :与此同时；在翻译的时候可以处理为:除了…
(在英语一的翻译中，我们经常见到的while表示转折的意思，KK 多次给大家提到的哦：) 参考译文：排放大量二氧化碳，这些计算机还释放许多热量，因此数据中心还需要良好的空调环境，而这又会消耗更多的能量。
第六句：
However, Google and other big tech providers monitortheir efficiency closely and make improvements.
参考译文：不过，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商已在密切监控其数据中心作效率并做出改进。第七句：
Monitoring is the first step on the road toreduction, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.
参考译文：监控只是减排的第一步，需要做的还有多，而且这不单单是大公司的事情。
5
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ________.
[A] global inflation
[B] reduction in supply
[C] fast growth in economy
[D] Iraq's suspension of exports
6
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
过去经济衰落的日子会不会重来？自从石油输出国组织在3月决定减少原油供应，原油的价格便从去年12月的不到10美元一桶上升到约26美元一桶。这次近3倍的涨价令人想起了1973年和1979～1980年两次可怕的石油恐慌，当时的油价分别涨了4倍和近3倍。前两次的油价暴涨都导致了两位数的通货膨胀和全球性的经济衰退。那么这次警告人们厄运来临的头版新闻都到哪里去了呢？
本周伊拉克暂停石油出口，这使油价又一次上扬。强劲的经济增长势头，随着北半球冬季的到来，有可能在短期内使石油价格涨得更高。
51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ________.
[A] global inflation
[B] reduction in supply
[C] fast growth in economy
[D] Iraq's suspension of exports
题型识别：细节题（和因果相关）
题干定位：题干中的main是定位的关键，the rise of oil price 可以定位到文中第一段和第二段；latest 成为最主要的干扰信息；
思路解析：题干中的main reason 就说明造成最近一次油价上涨的原因不只是一个，有可能是好几个原因，而需要找的是主要的原因；
选项分析：正确答案是B
[A] global inflation 文中没有在第一二段谈及全球通货膨胀的问题；
[C] fast growth in economy 快速的经济增长在二段有谈到并且只是可能推高的原因，文中说到了could ；
[D] Iraq's suspension of exports 二段有谈到伊拉克暂停石油出口确实造成了油价的上涨；
[B] reduction in supply 一段中明确谈到：Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March，自从OPEC同意在三月减少供应；（这里的since就是表示原因）油价就上涨了近三倍。
这里需要找的是主要原因：irap和Opec 相比，同样是减少供应，opec应该是更主要的原因。
特别说明：这里找的不是latest reason ,而是main reason; 所以应该是B而不是D；
7
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
59. It's true of the old family firms that ________.
[A] they were spoiled by the younger generations
[B] they failed for lack of individual initiative
[C] they lacked efficiency compared with modern companies
[D] they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers
In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of
the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
19世纪后半叶，“资方”和“劳方”按现代方式不断扩大和完善各自相对立的组织。许多旧式公司被责任有限公司所取代，由领薪经理构成其管理机构。这种变革通过聘用大量专业人员来适应新时代的技术要求，并防止了效率的降低，而在过去这种低效率使得许多旧式家族企业在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二、三代手中破产倒闭。而且这也是公司摆脱个体创造，走向集体化和市营、国营迈出的一步。铁路公司，虽然仍是为股东谋利的私有企业，但还是与旧家族企业大不相同了。与此同时，大城市也开始涉足实业界，为纳税人提供照明、电车及其他服务。
59. It's true of the old family firms that ________.
[A] they were spoiled by the younger generations
[B] they failed for lack of individual initiative
[C] they lacked efficiency compared with modern companies
[D] they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers
题型识别：细节题
题干定位：根据old family firms可以定位到第一段的若干句关于old family firm 的句子
解题思路：典型的细节题解题思路
选项分析：用四个选项分别和原文句子比对，同意替换的为正确选项，其他的排除；
[A] they were spoiled by the younger generations
被年轻一代给毁了；
这个选项看上去很符合我的常规的认识：富不过三代，并且用了视觉干扰，这是毕金献早年出题的风格，显得有点小猥琐。
原文：that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation.
这里的that指代的是前面的词组：decline in efficiency；因此可以知道毁掉公司的是效率的下降；时间是在第二和第三代，但不是第二和第三代毁掉公司的。
（移花接木）
[D] they could supply adequate services to the taxpayers
能提供足够的服务给纳税人。
原文：the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.
移花接木
[B] they failed for lack of individual initiative
他们由于缺乏个体的动力因此失败了。
原文：It was moreover a step away from individual initiative
说明之前是不缺乏individual initiative的；
（移花接木）
[C] they lacked efficiency compared with modern companies
原文：decline in efficiency so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms.
缺乏效率毁掉了他们，被现代公司所取代，所以现代公司效率更高！
完美的同意替换；
从有到无也是一种比较；
8
Of all the catastrophes that could befall American in coming years,a big terrorist
attack, perhaps even bigger than those on September 11th2001, may be more likely than others. Who would pay for the millions inproperty damage, business losses and other
claims from such an attack? This isthe question with which America’sCongress is currently wrestling.
这三句话组成了一个非常典型的议论文的开头.接下来的文章就会讨论，国会是如何来解决这个问题的。而国会解决问题的办法就是提出议案，对于议案当然会有不同的看法，争论也就开始了，作者也会有自己的看法。这样文章就有的写了，不过就应试来讲，其实读到这里文章的主题就已经和明确了：就是谁应该为恐怖袭击的损失负责。
词汇突破：befall 降临
Catastrophe 灾难
Wrestling with争论
主干识别：第一句：
A big terrorist attack may be more likely than others.
第一句其他成分：
Of all the catastrophes that could befallAmerican in coming years,
状语：在未来今年内所有可能降临美国的灾难中，
perhaps even bigger than those on September 11th 2001,
定语：解释说明terroristattack
第三句：
This is the question
American’s Congress is currentlywrestling with this question.
参考译文：在未来几年内可能降临美国的灾难中，大型恐怖袭击（规模甚至超过2011年的“9.11”事件）依然是最可能发生的。那么，谁来为恐怖袭击造成的数以百万亿计的房产破坏，商业损失以及其他的损失进行赔偿呢？这正是眼下美国国会争论不休的热门议题。
9
Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life
representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the
landowners；and almost equally detached fromthe responsible management of
business.
【词汇突破】manipulation操纵
detached 分离，如果表示态度则是表示中立，不关心的
【主干识别】manipulationincreased the numbers and importance of shareholders主谓宾结构【其他成分】Suchlarge, impersonal，of capitaland industry定语修饰manipulation；as a class 定语修饰shareholder；an element in national liferepresenting irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of thelandowners ；and almostequally detached from the responsible management of business整个是shareholder 的同位语。
【微观解析】innational life，representingirresponsible wealth，detached from the land and the duties of the landowners，and almost equally detached fromthe responsible management of business都是定语修饰an element。
【难点揭秘】同位语中的三个后置定语造成了阅读的障碍。
【译文赏析】这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，他们是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。
10
In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political
stories.
主干识别：it is difficult to see how journalists can do a competent job on political stories.
其他成分：who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution定语从句
翻译点拨：词汇点拨：
Grasp掌握和了解
basic features基本特征
competent称职的…
political stories 政治新闻
it is difficult to see 很难设想…
成分的点拨：
先翻译定语从句可以翻译到主语前修饰主语：
journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution
那些对于加拿大宪法的基本特征没有清晰的了解的记者们
参考译文：实际上，很难想象那些对于加拿大宪法的基本特征没有清晰了解的记者们是如何能胜任政治新闻报道工作的。
94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇（英汉对照） 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道；by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成； 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的； 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪； 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列； 10年 46) rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，
历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立 Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职
05 It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (49) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say "Unity we stand, divided we fall" -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.
1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于
17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要 33. the same…as 与…一样 34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏
2017考研英语一翻译真题解析 跨考教育英语教研室—王坤2017年考研英语一的翻译题型部分，整体来说难度不大，与2016年难度基本持平，考察的是英语语言发展情况，文章选自英国文化教育协会的一本书，叫《英语下一步》。英语一的考题是此书的序言部分。下面就是跨考英语教研室的英语老师对2017年考研英语一翻译真题的最新解析和参考译文。 (46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future. 参考译文：但是，尽管使用英语者的人数在不断增加/说英语的人越来越多，却仍然有迹象表明，英语语言的全球主导地位在不久的将来/可预见的未来也许会慢慢衰退。 句子解析：本句很简单，主句是there be 结构，主句前是让步状语，signs 后面是that引导的同位语从句，对signs进行进一步的补充说明。同位语从句中是主谓结构，the global predominance of the language 是主语，may fade 是谓语，within结构是时间状语。expands的词义不应该选择常用的“扩展”意思，而应该结合前面和它搭配的number，而选择“增加”的意思。 (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.
2019年考研英语一翻译 Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals,and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end,that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was.I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper:the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were1.17times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.(46)There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which,when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press,generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. 我是在开始撰写有关医学期刊的每周专栏评论文章，并因此而从头到尾阅读相关科学论文之后，才意识到医学文献常常是多么糟糕。我逐渐摸索出了识别拙劣论文的种种方法：这类文章宣称，一周吃一公斤花椰菜的人晚年患恶性贫血的概率要增加1.17倍。（46）这种无稽之谈充斥各类医学期刊，某些广播公司和非专业出版物一宣传，便制造出健康恐慌，掀起短暂的所谓健康饮食狂澜。 Why is so much bad science published?A recent paper,titled“The Natural Selection of Bad Science”,published on the Royal Society’s open science website,attempts to answer this intriguing and important question.It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science,but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it.What is important is not truth,but publication,which has become almost an end in itself.There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47)nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only10years ago.Never mind the quality,then,count the number. 为何如此多的劣质文章能得以发表呢？英国皇家学会的官方网站最近刊载了一篇题为《劣质科研论文的自然选择》的文章，试图回答这一让人百思不得其解的重要问题。文章称，问题不在于人们要写这种质量低下的文章，而是我们现今的职称晋升评价体系鼓励人们这样做。重要的不是文章是否探讨真理，而是文章能否发表，发表文章本身成了写文章的目的。一股文章高产之风业已形成：（47）现如今，要想申请一个研究岗位，就必须发表两倍于十年前申请同一岗位的文章。文章质量就不用操心了，数量才是重要的。 (48)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency,for example,by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.This is the famed citation index,that is to say,the number of
1、1994年 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) "In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. " (73)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74)Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses . Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 精美译文 新学派的科学家认为，技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量。（71）他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。（72）新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:―简言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。 （73）工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说，像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅。 鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心。（74）伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，
考研英语十年真题大作文（2002-2011） 一、题目 2002 Directions: Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures---National and International” In the essay you should 1.describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and 2.give your comments on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II. 2003 Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following 1.describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning 2.point out its implications in our life. 2004 Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1. describe the drawing. 2. interpret its meaning, and 3. support your view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
2015年考研英语一翻译真题解析 一、来源：今年的文章来源于An outline of American history(1954)(《美国历史纲要(1954年英文版)》)，是其中一章The Colonial Period(殖民时期)的节选。这个符合历年来翻译的考查规律，往往都是从书籍中节选段落进行翻译，内容相对于阅读而言，相对于2014年“贝多芬”而言，有些难懂。 二、难度：5句话共151词，相当平稳。其中48题最长，35词;50题最简单，24词。可以说，不同基础的同学都可以从中找到自己熟悉的部分，不至于在这个题上一分未得。 三、句型特点：今年的5句话中，有2句(46，48)是简单句，另外3句(47，49，50)是复合句。其中的复合句无一例外都考查的是定语从句的翻译，并没有涉及到其他从句类型。简单句中考查最多的也是后置定语的翻译。所以，中公考研考前为大家预测的难点中，定语的翻译是绝对考点和重点。 四、逐题详解： 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 重点词组：out of a wilderness(摆脱荒凉)，by its nature(就其本质而言，从本质来说)，uncharted(未知的;图上未标明的)。 结构分析：整个句子是一个简单句，由and并列谓语动词built和shaped。driven by powerful and diverse motivations是后置定语，修饰movement;out of a wilderness是后置定语，修饰nation;of an uncharted continent是后置定语，修饰character and destiny。 参考译文：这项运动，由多种强大的动机驱动，建立了一个摆脱荒凉的国家，并且从本质上来讲，塑造了一块不为人熟悉的大陆的性格和命运。 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 重点词组：product(产物)，principal(主要的;首要的)，peoples(民族)，impact(影响) 结构分析：句子的主干是The United States is the product of two principal forces，破折号解释说明forces。of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics是后置定语，修饰immigration;of a new country which modified these traits是后置定语，修饰impact，其中包含一个定语从句which modified these traits，修饰country。 参考译文：美国是两股主要力量的产物——带有不同思想、风俗习惯和国家特征的欧洲民族的移民，和修改这些特征的新兴国家的影响。 48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the carried national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. 重点词组：peculiar(特有的，独特的)，interplay(互相影响)，sheer(独特的) 结构分析：整个句子是简单句，主语由三个名词短语用and并列承担，谓宾部分比较短小caused significant changes。主语1中，of geographic conditions peculiar to America是后置
2010.02 College English 研英语翻译部分是一篇400字左右组成的文章，其中包含5个划线句子，要求30分钟内准确、完整、通顺地译为汉语。作为限时完成的测试科目，考研英语翻译难度较大，众多非英语专业考生普遍感到头疼。本文通过对近十几年来考研英译汉 真题的分析，根据其特点提出了一些解题技巧。 1.试题特点 考研英语翻译的短文内容大多涉及社会生活、政治、经济、文化等题材，且体裁基本上都是议论文。通过对最近十几年来考研英语翻译的真题分析，笔者从英汉两种语言对比的角度概括了三大特点。 1.1英语重形合句子结构严谨 英语句子以形连表意连，重句法结构，主语十分重要，理解时要抓住主谓关系，否则很难理解。尤其复合句，一定要看清主句和各分句的主谓结构。 1.2英语多被动结构 英语中被动句比汉语多，尤其是科技英语。从最近十几年的考研英译汉真题中笔者发现被动结构的出现频率相当高，2002年的 5个句子中全都出现了被动结构。 1.3英语多从句，句子长且结构复杂 英语通过一整套系统语法结构组合成句子，还可通过增加限制成分、修饰语以及补充成分使句子变长、变复杂。考研英语翻译题几乎都是长而复杂的句子。 2.考生在解题中的问题 笔者通过问卷调查分析，发现考生在解题时主要有以下几个方面的问题：英语基本功不扎实，理解不透；缺乏基本翻译常识，不 懂翻译技巧；中文表达能力不强，意思表达不清。在英译汉过程中，理解与表达互相联系，理解是表达的前提，表达是理解的结果。因此可将存在的问题归为理解、表达。 2.1理解问题 翻译的第一阶段是理解，理解是最关键、基本的环节。考研英语试题句子结构都比较复杂，且很多修饰短语穿插于主要结构之间，有时还有省略，代词指代关系模糊，加之文章所谈主题、语境、语篇等因素，都会对理解造成巨大障碍。但在以上所提的诸多因素中，句子结构应是主要矛盾。 2.2表达问题 表达是指在正确理解原文的基础上，准确而通顺地再现原文思想内容。表达过程实际上是语言加工过程。理解是表达的基础，表达是理解的结果。但是对原文的正确理解并不意味着一定会有正确的表达。译文既要符合原文所表达的思想，又要求符合汉语的行文规范，还要重视语境，注意逻辑，避免文理不通，搭配不当，使译文生涩难懂。 3.考研英语翻译技巧 下面引用历年真题，介绍一些基本的翻译技巧，使考生能看得懂，学得会，用得上。 3.1定语从句的翻译 考研英语翻译解析 浙江师范大学外国语学院 赖慧云 考 笤考试专栏笤 60
1996年英译汉试题 (1)Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. (2)This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. (3)This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future. (4)However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world's more fascinating and delightful aspects. (5)New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. 1997年英译汉试题 (6)Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. (7)Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. (8)It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. (9)Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. (10)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at. 1998年英译汉试题 (11)But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
Text 1 ①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. ①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. ① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in ournalism,Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are". ①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. ⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. ①Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote.③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat. 全文翻译： 在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。 对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。然而，在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中，人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。现在，如果读到这些集子，人们肯定会惊诧，当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。