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高一英语语法复习必修三

高一英语必修三语法复习——被动语态

二. 重难点讲解：

高一英语必修三中的主要语法点有：被动语态，动词不定式和定语从句，另外还涉及了主谓一致、间接引语及连接词的用法。

被动语态专题复习

（一）被动语态的构成形式

1. 被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

（1）am/is/are +done （过去分词）一般现在时

例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

（2）has /have been done 现在完成时

例All the preparations for the task have been completed,

and we’re ready to start.

（3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时

例A new cinema is being built here.

（4）was/were done 一般过去时

例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

（5）had been done 过去完成时

例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

（6）was/were being done 过去进行时

例A meeting was being held when I was there.

（7）shall/will be done 一般将来时

例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

（8）should/would be done 过去将来时

例The news would be sent to the soldier’s mother as soon as it arrived.

（9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）

例The project will have been completed before July.

（10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）

例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.

2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

（1）带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

（2）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

（3）当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

（4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

（5）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

3. 非谓语动词的被动语态

v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态（一般时态和完成时态）。

例I don’t like being laughed at in the public.

（二）如何使用被动语态

学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。

1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者（这时

可省 by 短语）。

例 My bike was stolen last night.

2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

3. 为了更好地安排句子。

例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）

（三）It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：

It is said that…据说，It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）

（四）谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1. 英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。

例 This kind of cloth washes well.

注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较：The door won’t lock. （指门本身有毛病）

The door won’t be locked. （指不会有人来锁门，指“门没有锁”是人的原因）

2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？

3. 系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Your reason sounds reasonable.

（五）非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意

义。

1. 在need，want，require, hear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）.这房子需要修理。

2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例The picture-book is well worth reading.（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read.）

3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.（to do 与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。）

试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter

to be posted? （此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post 动作的执行者。）

4. 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.

5. 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

例This book is too expensive （for me）to buy.

6. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。

例There is no time to lose（to be lost）.（用 to lose 可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）

7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动，被动表被动。然而，由于古英语的影响，下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?

（六）介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。

1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。

例The building is under construction（is being constructed）.

2.“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。

常见的有：beyond belief （令人难以置信）， beyond one’s reach （鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control（无法控制），beyond our hope. 我们的成功始料不及。

例The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）.

3.“above+名词”结构，表示“（品质、行为、能力等）超过……、高于……”。

例His honest character is above all praise.=His honest character cannot be praised enough.

4.“for+名词”结构，表示“适于……、为着……”。如：for sale（出售）, for rent（出租）等。

例That house is for sale. （= That house is to be sold）.

5.“in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight（在视野范围内），等。

例The book is not yet in print.（=is not yet printed）

6.“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事……中”。常见的有：on sale （出售），on show（展出）, on trial（受审）。

例Today some treasures are on show in the museum （= are being showed）.

7.“out of+名词”结构；表示“超出……之外“，常见的有：out of control （控制不了），out of sight （超出视线之外），out of one’s reach（够不着）, out of fashion（不流行）等。

例The plane was out of control （can’t be controlled）. 。

8.“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。

例He took two days off within the teacher’s permission.

（七）被动语态与系表结构的区别

当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：

1. 如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。

例The glass is broken. （系表结构）

The glass was broken by the boy. （被动语态）

2. 如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。

例The door is locked. （系表结构）

The door has already/just been locked.（被动语态）

3. 被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。

例 The machine is being repaired.

【典型例题】

1. 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析

（1） In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. （NMET1993）

A. is serving

B. is served

C. serves

D. served

（2） This is Ted’s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying

to save a child in the earthquake.（NMET2002）

A. killed

B. is killed

C. was killed

D. was killing

（3）— Have you moved into the new house?

— Not yet, the rooms _____. （NMET1991）

A. are being painted

B. are painting

C. are painted

D. are being painting

（4）When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet. （上海春2003）

A. are not decided

B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided

D. has not been decided

（5）The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___.（上海春2001）

A. was booked

B. had been booked

C. were booked

D. have been booked

答案：BCADB

2. 高考对非谓语动词语态的考查

当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。

（1）Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it. （NMET2002）

A. to see

B. to be seen

C. seeing

D. seen

（2）While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying something they don’t really need. （上海1996）

A. to persuaded

B. persuading

C. being persuaded

D. be persuaded

（3）I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled

child. （上海2002）

A. is to blame

B. is going to blame

C. is to be blamed

D. should blame

答案：BCA

练一练：

1. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.

A. belongs

B. are belonged to

C. belongs to

D. belong to

2. —What do you think of the book?

—Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.

A. to read

B. to be read

C. reading

D. being read

3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.

A. catching

B. to be caught

C. being caught

D. to catch

4. This page needed ___ again.

A. being checked

B. checked

C. to check

D. to be checked

5. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises

A. Having taught

B. Having been taught

C. taught

D. Teaching

答案：DCCDB

【模拟试题】

1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner.

A. are not kept；will have to

B. are not kept；have

C. do not keep；will have to

D. do not keep；have to

2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.

A. developed

B. have developed

C. are being developed

D. will have been

高一下学期英语语法总复习

高一语法复习试卷 1. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor. A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 3. In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 4. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D.I think which is 5. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 6. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through . A. It’s the reason B.That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how 7. On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue. A. whose B. of which C. which D. its 8.He is the only one of the three _____got the new idea. A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whose had 9. ---- How about the games? ---- Very interesting, and the ones _________ the young men competed were really exciting. A. what B. for whom C. where D. in which 10.The house_______the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery. A. that B. where C. what D. when 11. Go and get your coat. It's _______ you left it. A. there B. where C. there were D. where there 12. Father made a promise _______ I passed the examination he would buy me a bicycle. A. that B. if C. whether D. that if 13. What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us. A. that B. if C. whether D.不填 14. He wanted to make sure __________. A. how we went there by bus B. where did we go

2019人教版高中英语必修3电子课本 word版

普通高中课程标准实验教科书《英语》电子课本 Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world B3U1P1-3 FESTIV ALS AND CELEBRATIONS Ancient Festivals Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Other celebrations were held when hunters could catch animals. They would starve if food was difficult to find, so they celebrated when they had food. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty. Festivals of the Dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. In Japan the festival is called Obon, when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico they have the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people might eat food in shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. It is now a children’s festival, when they can go to their neighbours’ homes and ask for sweets. They dress up and try to frighten people. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can be held as an honour to famous people or to the gods. One of these is the Dragon Boat Festival in China, which honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. Another is Columbus Day in the USA, in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in America. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter ,and because a season of agricultural work is over. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and people get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruits and vegetables, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. In China and Japan there are mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and give gift of mooncakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat, and may give children lucky money in the red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the lunar New Year together. In some Western countries there are very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival in Christian countries. It celebrates the return of Jesus for Christians and it also celebrates the coming of spring. In Japan, the Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each others. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.

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必修三知识点汇总Module 1 Europe 重要短语： because of因为 thanks to由于；多亏了 due to/owing to由于 as a result of由于…的结果be covered by/with be known for/as/to make A out of B用B制成A make A into B/be made of work on从事/做…工作；忙于 have…in common refer to参考/指的是/涉及/适用于 have control over/of对…有控制权 Beyond control无法控制 under control被控制住 out of control 失去控制 in the control of由…控制/管理/负责 lose control of对…失去控制 have a population of有多少人口 little by little渐渐地 in one’s thirties compare A with/and B比较A和B compare…to…把…比作…. compared with/to…与…比较起来 belong to increase(reduce) to/by in terms of根据/从…方面来说/从…的观点in the long/short term就长/短期而言 come to terms=make terms达成协议，和好bring sb. to terms使某人接收条件 be on good/bad terms with sb.与某人交情好/不好be faced with面临，面对 face to face along the coast off the coast在(离开海面的)海岸上 ever since自从/一直 on the one /other hand一方面/另一方面 be located in=lie in=be situated in坐落于There+be/exist/lie/stand/appear+主…有…存在（be）opposite to在…对面，与…相反just the opposite恰恰相反 keep a cool head保持头脑清醒 lose one’s head惊慌失措，失去理智 head for朝着…前进 get into a difficult situation陷入困难的状况get out of a difficult situation摆脱困难的状况save the situation挽回局势重要句型： 1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. one of the +形容词最高级+ 可数名词复数最。。。。之一 2. Portugal is to the west of Spain. ①表示位置: A is/lies in/on/to/off the+方向+of B A is located/situated in/on/to/off the+方向+of B ②位置+距离: A is (about)+距离+（to the）+方向+of B in ,on和to表地理方位的区别（1）表示A在B的范围内（2）强调A和B两地接壤时，用on.（3）A在B的范围之外，两者之间没有所属关系时用to。如：Our school is to the west of the hospital.我们学校在医院的西面。 3. on the coast和off the coast on表示“位于河畔或铁路，公路及海岸等沿线上”；off表示“稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里”。如： 4. 表示倍数的四种句型： 1）This bridge is 3 times longer than that one.这座桥比那座桥长3倍。 2) This bridge is 4 times as long as that one这座桥是那座桥的4倍长。 3）A is … times the size/length/width/height/depth of B This room is 3 times the size of that one.这间房间的大小是那间的3倍。 4) A + v. …times as many/much + n.+ as B The factory has produced 3 times as many cars as it did last year. 这个厂今年的汽车产量是去年的3倍。语法要求：一：一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态

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Unit 1 Festivals around the world FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the dead Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’ homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. Festivals to Honour People Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Y uan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.

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