1.1 翻译的标准
第1节翻译练习1
The power plant is the heart of a ship.
The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.
动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2
Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.
Cramped conditions means that passengers’legs cannot move around freely.
All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.
半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第1节翻译练习3
The removal of minerals from water is called softening.
A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.
去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求
第4节翻译练习1
Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.
All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.
爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译）
这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译）
The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs.
Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product.
设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译）
要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译）
第4节翻译练习2
The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water.
The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia.
The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.
植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译）
太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译）
医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译）
These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one.
Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.
这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译）
制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译）
第4节翻译练习3
Cartography is the science of making maps.
Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes.
制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译）
人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译）
The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current.
That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity.
电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译）
同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译）
第4节翻译练习4
Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge.
The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity.
The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation.
几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。
向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。
通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。
2.1 词义的选择
第1节翻译练习1
The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other.
The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattened at the poles.
In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field.
锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词）
粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词）
地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词）
An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round.
电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词）
她腰围40英寸。（副词）
第1节翻译练习2
Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool.
Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data.
To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width.
Certain isotopes are not found in nature.
人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。
求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。
科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。
有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。
New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry.
Kangaroos are found in Australia.
This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers.
Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors.
Plastics find wide application in our daily life.
大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。
这种植物生长在近河口的海中。
新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。
微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。
塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。
第2节翻译练习1
The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls.
Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands being contained on a punched tape.
The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen.
滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申）
通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申）
大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申）
The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy.
The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor.
The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.
Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors.
元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申）
两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申）
随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申）
正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申）
The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation.
Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure.
At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant.
The facts have been set down in black and white.
显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申）
目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申）
居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申）
这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申）
2.3 词类的转换
第3节翻译练习1
Each time a sample was drawn for color determination.
What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf.
We should get familiar with different systems of units.
每次取一个标本测定颜色。
可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。
我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。
These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design.
Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators.
When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons.
常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。
第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。
这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。
Various precautions have been taken against leakage.
Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F.
Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost.
This new model should appeal to potential buyers.
一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。
价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。
已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。
这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。
Galileo’s experiments are not difficult, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time.
Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions.
有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。
地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。
伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。
Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating.
How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air.
This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor.
一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。
这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。
应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。
第3节翻译练习2
Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure.
The metal casts well.
A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire.
几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。
这种金属有良好的铸造性能。
传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。
There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet.
Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged.
Safety in a power plant is of great importance.
Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits.
安全在电厂是非常重要的。
现代发报机大多采用固体电路。
有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。
润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。
E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce.
These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior.
Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886.
这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。
《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。
直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。
Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts.
由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。
2.4 词的增译
第4节翻译练习2
第4节翻译练习1
This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor.
Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affected by still another problem--- weightlessness.
By minimizing the microscopic imperfections scientists are making far stronger ceramics.
这一作用从外表上看来像电容器的放电现象。
一旦离开了地球的引力范围，宇航员又遇到了另一个问题——失重。
科学家们正通过最大限度地减小微观缺陷来制造强度高得多的陶瓷。
Atomic cells are small and very light, as compared to ordinary dry ones.
Transistors can make previously large equipment much smaller.
Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.
天文学家有证据表明，还有其他一些恒星也可能有黑洞作为伴星。
和普通电池相比，原子电池体积小、重量轻。
晶体管能使原先体积大的设备变得小得多。
The key to the new materials is researchers’increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. The largest and most expensive products cannot, because of their size, be testable in the factory.
Cold rolling enables the operators to produce rolls of accuracy and uniformity, and with a better surface finish.
最大最贵的产品，因为体积大，在该工厂里是不能检验的。
开发新材料的关键在于研究人员不断提高在分子一级上处理物质的能力。
冷轧可使操作工生产出精确度高、均匀度好的轧制件，并具有更好的表面光洁度。
All these factors play a key role in formulation of the model.
PCs are not the most stable, and with video editing you have to be extra careful.
This method makes it easy to identify the various components.
在拟订模型时，所有这些因素都将起到关键性的作用。
这个方法使人们很容易识别各种不同的构成成分。
个人电脑一般并不太稳定，所以，进行视频编辑时需要加倍小心。
第4节翻译练习2
It was estimated that the power of an average horse is equal to 500 feet-pounds per second.
Panel patch is one gauge heavier than thickness of original skin.
Studies have shown that information can be communicated to people many times faster in a graphic form than in written form.
据估计，一匹普通马的功率等于500英尺-磅力/秒。
补块比原板的厚度大一号。
众多研究表明，以图形表示的信息被人们接受的速度比以文字表示的快许多倍。
The chemist is making an analysis of the poison.
It appears that the construction of the dam has had a considerable effect on the ecology of the region.
The receiver will operate reliably no matter what happens.
无论发生什么情况，这台接收机都将可靠地工作。
药剂师正对毒性进行分析。
看来，建造水坝对这一地区的生态已经有相当大的影响。
Radiant, electrical and chemical energies can all be turned into heat.
The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related.
Noise figure is minimized by parametric amplifier.
频率、波长和声速三者是密切相关的。
辐射能、电能和化学能这三种能均可转变为热能。
采用参量放大器即可将噪音系数减小至最低限度。
In the absence of sufficient knowledge confusion exists in classifying a specimen as a butterfly or a moth.
Lead can be hammered into very thin sheets without being broken.
There are a number of devices that give an electric current when light falls on them, without any chemical changes taking place.
如果没有足够的知识，就分不清标本是属蝶类还是蛾类。
有许多器件在受光照射时能产生电流，但不发生任何化学变化。
铅能被锤成很薄的薄片而不破裂。
2.5 词的省译
第5节翻译练习1
The fact that the concrete is slow in setting is no sign that it is of poor quality.
Such an engine is called an internal combustion engine.
The symptoms of hepatitis are similar no matter which virus is involved.
混凝土凝固得慢并不表示其质量差。
这种发动机成为内燃机。
肝炎不管是由何种病毒引起的，其症状均大同小异。
This critical deficiency was itself due to three factors which interacted with each other over the entire period. The properties change in going from carbon to graphite.
The design choices hinge upon considerations of gain, noise figure, and so forth.
设计选择的关键在于考虑增益、噪音系数等等。
这个关键性的逆差来源于三个始终互相影响的因素。
碳转变成石墨时，其性质也发生了变化。
Temperatures may reach 700°C and surface oxidation becomes critical.
If the atomic nucleus of a heavy element is split, a large amount of energy is released.
The discovery of enzymes is very important because it gave impetus to a series of experiments.
分裂一重元素的原子核，会释放出很大的能量。
温度高达700摄氏度，表面氧化便成为关键问题。
酶的发现很重要，因为它推动了一系列试验的进行。
Apart from the fact that it may become hot, no apparent change occurs in a metal when it is carrying a current. This equipment forms an integral part of many advanced systems.
There was a rise in temperature, and as a result, the component failed.
金属有电流通过时，除了金属可能变热外没有什么显著变化。
温度升高了，结果元件出了故障。
这个设备是许多先进系统不可缺少的一部分。
If there is little cooling water available, a diesel engine makes an excellent prime mover for generation below 10,000 kVA.
There was a block in the pipe and the water could not flow away.
如果能利用的冷却水不多，则柴油发动机可以成为极好的发电10000千伏安以下的原动机。
水管被东西堵住，水流不出去。
2.6 重复法
第6节翻译练习1
The properties of gas are quite different from those of liquid.
The electric resistance of copper is not so large as that of iron.
The three gas laws are true of all gases, as well as of air.
气体的性质与液体的性质大不相同。（重复名词）
气体三定律不但适用于空气，也适用于所有气体。（重复动词）
铜的电阻不像铁的电阻那样大。（重复名词）
Matter changes not only in state but also in volume.
Continuous data can be expressed in either fractions or whole numbers.
物质不仅形态改变而且体积也改变。（重复动词）
连续资料可以用分数表示，也可以用整数表示。（重复动词）
3.1 名词的译法
第1节翻译练习1
In an unusual application, this organization uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and goings of its residents.
A capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened.
一个不同寻常的用途是：这个机构使用指纹扫描器监视居住人员的进出。
当含有电感的电路突然断开时，可用电容器消除火花。
第1节翻译练习2
The comparison reveals that the error is due to aliasing.
The scans confirmed that the subjects’brains dealt with words in ways that contradict one hoary old idea.
The latest research with radioactive isotopes has shown that this assumption is quite wrong.
比较结果表明，误差是由于名称不同而造成的。
扫描结果证实，受试者的大脑处理词的方式同一种古老的旧观念不一致。
对放射性同位素的最新研究结果表明，这种设想是完全错误的。
Metals differ in the ease with which they give up electrons and enter into chemical combination.
Internal-shoe drum brakes provide better protection from water and dust.
People on earth are protected from the dangerous ultraviolet radiation of the sun by a layer or ozone that spans the planet and absorbs the radiation.
各种金属放出电子和参与化学反应的难易程度不一。
内蹄式鼓形制动器的防水、防尘性能比较好。
地球上的人们受到包围着地球并能吸收辐射的一层臭氧层的保护，从而免受危险的太阳紫外线辐射的伤害。According to the molecular theory the temperature of an object depends on the average speed of its molecules. Effectiveness of temperature control depends upon the amount of lubricant supplied, the ambient temperature, and the external cooling.
根据分子理论的原理，物体的温度取决于其分子的平均速度。
温度控制的效果取决于润滑剂的用量、环境温度以及外部的冷却设施。
第1节翻译练习3
Particular attention should be given to hoses to ensure that chafing does not occur.
The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of energy.
Gene piracy is not new.
All plants and animals need carbon for growth.
要特别注意软管，保证没有擦伤。
窃取基因不是新鲜事。
电工学主要关注的是通过输送能量做功的情况。
所有动植物均需要碳才能生长。
第1节翻译练习4
The experiment was a success.
Semiconductor devices can perform a variety of control function in electronic equipment.
这个试验是成功的。
半导体在电子设备中能起各种各样的控制作用。
3.2 冠词的译法
第2节翻译练习1
A polymer is a substance of high molecular weight.
Being a good insulator, rubber is often used in cables.
The patient was administered the mixture twice a week.
These machines may be oiled once or twice a month.
聚合物是一种高分子的物质。
这种混合剂病人每周服用两次。
橡胶是一种良好的绝缘体，所以经常使用在电缆上。
这些机器每个月可以加一次或两次油。
第2节翻译练习2
A bearing can be defined as a member specifically designed to support moving machine components. Use a transformer and power at low voltage can be changed into power at high voltage.
An object at rest has no kinetic energy, its velocity being zero.
轴承可以定义为一种专门用于支撑运动着的机器零件的构件。
静止的物体没有动能，因为它的速度为零。
使用变压器可将低压电转变为高压电。
第2节翻译练习3
作为固定词组时的省译：
on a large scale
a majority of
a wealth of
as a result
结果，因此
大规模地
大多数的
大量的
第2节翻译练习4
The machine is intended for grinding the top and bottom surfaces of tungsten carbide tips.
The mechanism has been termed cumulative feedback inhibition.
该机床是供磨削硬质合金刀片上下表面用的。
这种机制就叫做累加反馈抑制。
第2节翻译练习5
The basic job of the computer is the processing of information.
The main effect is to raise the fundamental slosh mode frequency.
计算机的基本任务是处理信息。
主要作用在于提高基本的晃动频率。
第3章总复习题
Other factors affect the configuration of the total system.
In normal flight the hatch doors fair into the fuselage.
Energy can neither be created, nor destroyed by any means known to man.
另一些因素则将影响整个系统的结构。
飞行正常时，舱门与机身平整贴合。
用人们已知的方法，既不能创造能量也不能消灭能量。
It is customary to refer to design levels as high or low on component complexity.
The main economy of the system stems from the ability to move cars in a continuous train without uncoupling. He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer.
他对电子计算机的操作是陌生的。
习惯上根据部件的复杂程度把设计级称为高设计级和低设计级。
此系统的主要经济之处在于它能移动列车的车厢而不必将它们脱钩分开。
A key element in system capacity planning is the financial cost of performance.
The assembler can expand the key words in the assembly code into their full instruction set.
The flame does not touch the flask directly.
这种汇编程序能把汇编码中的关键字扩展成完整的指令集。
系统能力计划中关键因素是性能的金融成本。
火焰没有直接接触烧瓶。
The study of the strength of solids involves the study of the defects in the crystalline structure.
The problem was solved by the provision of a compensating jet.
The rusting of iron is the slow chemical combination of the elements iron and oxygen in moist atmosphere.
研究固体的强度，就必须研究晶体结构中的缺陷。
铁生锈是铁元素和氧元素在湿空气中缓慢化合的现象。
通过安装一个补偿喷嘴，解决了这个问题。
The decay of organic matter is a slow oxidation by oxygen in the air.
In order to improve a certain kind of battery, Edison spent almost ten years and made nearly 50,000 experiments. 有机物的腐烂是空气中的氧引起的一种缓慢氧化过程。
为了改善一种电池的性能，爱迪生花了差不多十年时间，做了近50000次试验。
4.1 代词的一般译法
第1节翻译练习1
In this cell the light incident on the sensitive surface of the cell causes the photo-electric emission of electrons from the surface, and these electrons are attracted to the other electrode.
The owl can hear a mouse chewing and fly down on it, even though it is hidden from sight under a pile of leaves. 在这种电池中，照在电池光敏表面光电效应而发射电子，而这些电子被吸引到另一电极。
即使老鼠躲藏在一堆叶子下看不见的地方，猫头鹰也能听见老鼠咀嚼的声音而飞下来袭击它。
This might be compared with the mumble of wavelengths of sound that go to make up ordinary noise.
这可以与杂乱的声波相比，一般的噪音就是由这种杂乱的声波组成的。
第1节翻译练习2
Drawing electrons away from the atom causes it to have a net positive electric charge.
Each crystal should have a shape as much like that of the other crystals as possible.
将电子与原子分离会使原子带上纯净正电荷。
每一结晶的形状应与其他结晶的形状尽可能相似。
第1节翻译练习3
Every element retains its identity no matter how it is finely divided.
Astronomers can estimate the size and brightness of a star by its color.
每种元素不论分得怎样细小，它仍保持其特征。
天文学家根据恒星的颜色可以估计它的大小和亮度。
第1节翻译练习4
Many processes have already been proposed, and one possible future process is a smelting reduction. It is possible to work backward from the known strength and determine what factor of safety was used. Each is a solid sphere with a metallic core surrounded by silicate shells.
我们能够由已知的强度反过来求出所用的安全系数。
它们每一颗都是由硅酸盐外壳包围着金属内核的固态球体。
人们已经提出了很多方法，未来可能的选择之一就是熔融还原法。
第1节翻译练习5
In this chapter our task is to find out what the air is made of.
Today we have a fairly clear idea of what goes on inside of atom.
Practically all of the heat energy received by the earth comes from the sun.
现在我们对原子内部的情况已相当清楚了。
地球所得到的热能几乎都来自于太阳。
在这一章中，我们的任务是弄清空气的构成成分。
4.2 人称代词的译法
第2节翻译练习1
You can decide what resolution and compression level is best for your output.
We’ll do everything possible to improve the supply of electricity.
You can find the density of a body providing you know its mass and volume.
We must be very careful to avoid trying to express energy in terms of power units.
我们将尽一切努力来改善电力供应。
只要知道物体的质量和体积，就可求出物体的密度。
你可以决定哪种溶解和压缩程度对成品最好。
必须注意避免用功率单位表示能量。
第2节翻译练习2
It may require the taking of a large sample as in macro analysis.
If an atom contains three protons, it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral.
如果一个原子有三个质子，这个原子必然有三个电子来使其呈电中性。
它可能要求像宏观分析中那样采用大的样本。
4.3 形容词性物主代词的译法
第3节翻译练习1
The density of anything is its mass per unit volume.
Each substance shows an individual structure of its own.
One of the drawbacks of the early lasers was their inability to operate continuously.
每一种物质都显示出它自己的独特结构。
任何物体的密度是它的每单位体积的质量。
早期激光器的缺点之一是它们不能连续地工作。
第3节翻译练习2
In their workshop there is no one who understands how a computer uses its tubes.
Transistors are more advantageous to vacuum tubes for their being small and light.
The transformer cannot be called a machine because of its having no moving parts.
晶体管优于真空管，因为它尺寸小、重量轻。
在他们车间，无人能理解计算机是怎样使用其电子管的。
变压器不能称为机器，因为它没有转动的部件。
第3节翻译练习3
According to their ability to conduct electric current, all materials may be classified into three major categories: conductors, semiconductors and insulators.
You shouldn’t have touched the wire with your wet hands.
你不该用湿手触摸导线。
根据导电的性能不同，所有的材料可分为三大类：导体、半导体和绝缘体。
第3节翻译练习4
Heating semiconductors means increasing their conductivity.
Triangles can be classified according to their angles or the relative lengths of their sides.
According to their composition, these raw materials may be separated into three groups.
The brain has its managing system.
三角形可按照其角度或其相对边长来分类。
根据这些原材料的构成成分，它们可以分为三种类型。
加热半导体就会增加其导电率。
大脑有自己的管理系统。
4.4 指示代词的译法
第4节翻译练习1
All atoms, except those of hydrogen, contain one or more neutrons in the nucleus.
The speed of the object approaches that of light.
The geometry of the test specimens differs from the geometry of those used in tension tests.
所用试件的形状和尺寸与拉伸试验的试件不同。
除了氢原子外，所有的原子都有一个或几个中子。
该物体的速度接近光速。
第4节翻译练习2
It diffracts the diffracted beam and this means that it generates an inverse transform.
Heat is a form of energy and that is known to all of us.
They used the transformers of poor quality, and this caused the whole power supply system break down.
他们用了一批劣质的变压器，使得整个供电系统陷于瘫痪。
热是能的一种形式，这是大家都知道的。
它对衍射光束发生衍射，这意味着它产生了一个逆变换。
第4节翻译练习3
This is a simple criterion that guarantees the existence of such a representation.
The percentage of such cases among surgical patients can be determined in the following manner.
在接受手术的病人中，这样的病例所占的百分比可用下述方法确定。
这是确保这种等值表达式存在的一个简单标准。
第4节翻译练习4
As a rule solids and liquids expand when heated, water does the same except near its freezing point.
The same is true when an alternating voltage is applied to a resistance.
按照固体和液体遇热膨胀的原理，水除了接近其冰点的情况之外也是如此。
当交流电压加在电阻上时，情况也是一样的。
第4节翻译练习5
All motion in this universe is the form of successively rising and falling.
Series do have the advantage of increasing resistance to reduce current when this is desirable.
串联电路的确有这样的优点：在需要时可以增加电阻来减少电流。
宇宙内的一切运动，均处在连续上升和下降的状态中。
4.5 不定代词的译法
第5节翻译练习1
All these elements can be used in semiconductor manufacture.
All transformers and electric machinery use magnetic material.
All the shafts were cut from heavy planks of wood.
所有的变压器和电机都使用磁性材料。
在半导体生产中，所有这些元件都能用上。
箭杆都是用厚木板削制而成的。
Almost all who die of AIDS actually die of starvation.
All the currents at node were not to add up to zero.
Not all the energy from an antenna is radiated in the main beam.
Not all people who test positive for the AIDS antibody get the disease AIDS.
几乎所有丧命爱滋病的患者都是死于饥饿。
并非所有节点上的电流总和为零。
天线能量并不都是由主波束辐射的。
并不是所有的爱滋病抗体试验为阳性的人都患有爱滋病。
第5节翻译练习2
The equipment will compensate for any dimensional variations caused by wheel wear.
Any portion of the flight control system may be readily removed in any sequence by the removal of attaching bolts and nuts.
Which, if any, of the three statements below are false?
拆卸了原装的螺钉及螺母，便可很快地按任意顺序拆除飞机控制系统的任何部分。
该装置对砂轮磨损引起的任何尺寸误差给予补偿。
下面三种说法中如果有错，那么是其中的哪一种？
What, if any, effect do you feel the imports of Canadian gas will have on the American producer?
There are few, if any, of them know the construction of the transformer.
你觉得进口加拿大的天然气对美国的生产者可能产生什么影响吗？
他们当中几乎没人懂得变压器的结构。
第5节翻译练习3
Both alternatives are presented on the screen.
Velocity is a vector quantity involving both magnitude and direction.
速度是一种矢量，既有大小，又有方向。
两种选择都在屏幕上显示出来了。
第5节翻译练习4
Each of the bits has a different optimum cutting speed.
There are many types of efficient water pumps, each designed to meet a specific need.
Every element, no matter how it is finely divided, retains its identity.
效率高的水泵有多种类型，每一种都用来满足某个特定的需要。
每个钻头都有一个不同的最佳切割速度。
每种元素不论分得怎样细小，仍保持该元素的特征。
One half of the medium was renewed every three days.
It has an error rate of one or two words in every hundred.
Not every minute difference is noted.
每三天更换一半溶剂。
误差率是每百字有一两个错误。
并非每一个细微的差别都被注意到了。
第5节翻译练习5
Without electricity neither machine could be stared.
I believe either method will do.
我看两种方法中的任何一种都行。
没有电，这两台机器都开动不了。
第5节翻译练习6
Sometimes one finds in fossil stones the imprint of a leaf.
The last sound to reach the receiving ship is the one that hits the basement.
Neutrinos from a subsidiary decay process are the ones to be detected.
传到接收船上的最后的声音就是碰到底层的声音。
有时人们能在化石里发现一片树叶的痕迹。
有待探测的中微子来自次要的衰变过程。
Driving machines are always the opposite of driven ones.
One of the most successful methods of achieving this depends on the use of fluidization.
One of the uses of the triode is that it can amplify.
主动机和从动机总是相反的。
达到这一目的的最成功的方法之一就是采用流化技术。
三极管的用途之一是放大。
Ones who make the decisions on what went into the system are programmers.
Ones who claim ECT is both effective and safe, in fact, cannot prove it.
There are two 300MW thermal power units in this power plant. One is made in China; the other is imported from Germany.
决定要把什么写进系统的人是专业编程人员。
那些宣称电痉挛疗法既有效又安全的人，实际上并无法证明他们的观点。
这家电厂有两台30千瓦火力发电机组，一台是国产的，另一台是从德国进口的。
There are two kinds of electric currents. One is the direct current; the other is the alternating current.
电流有两种，一种是直流电流，另一种是交流电流。
第5节翻译练习7
This chemical is poisonous. Others are poisonous, too.
Some parts require a hard, tough metal and others may be made of softer metals.
The coolant serves no other purpose than to remove excess heat.
Some atomic nuclei undergo spontaneous disintegration while others do not.
冷却剂除了排除多余的热以外没有任何其他用处。
这些化学制品有毒，别的化学制品也有毒。
有些零件需要由硬的韧性金属制成，而有些则可由软的金属制成。
有的原子核会同时裂变，而另外一些却不会。
第5节翻译练习8
Another method is available to increase the system capacity.
Heat is always being transferred in one way or another, where there is any difference in temperature.
凡有温差的地方，热都会以这样或那样的方式传输。
还有另一种可增加系统容量的方法。
第5节翻译练习9
Some metals burn more readily than others.
To specify a distance, we must use some unit of length.
When an object is warmer than the surrounding region, it loses some of its heat by radiation.
The particles require some a day to reach the earth.
为了确定距离，我们必须使用某种长度单位。
有些金属比另一些金属更容易燃烧。
当一个物体比周围环境热时，该物体会通过辐射失去它的一些热量。
这些粒子大约需要一天的时间才能到达地球。
4.6 it及其句型的译法
第6节翻译练习1
It moves or rotates by a fixed amount each time an electrical pulse is applied to it.
To help avoid information overload, it (virtual convergence) will do this intelligently.
The earth rotates as it travels through space.
As current flows through a conductor, it sets up a magnetic field.
为了避免信息过载，它（虚拟连接）将会智能化地进行操作。
对它每加一个电脉冲，它就移动或旋转一个固定的量。
地球在空间运行时，它还要自转。
电流通过导体，便产生磁场。
第6节翻译练习2
It is a $12-billion industry whose factories, numbering in the hundreds, are found all over the world.
It is twenty meters in height.
那个行业资金达120亿美元，工厂有上千家，遍布世界各地。
高度为20米。
第6节翻译练习3
It is very far to the airport.
It is raining hard.
到机场很远。
雨下得很大。
第6节翻译练习4
It is recommended that the screw be used to increase accuracy of measurement.
By using a laser, it is possible to throw very large and very clear television pictures on to a screen.
It was pointed out that while the lead obtained from the disintegration of radium possessed all the characteristics of ordinary lead, it differed from it in atomic weight.
使用激光器，可以将很大很清晰的电视图像投射到屏幕上。
建议使用螺杆调节，以提高测量的精确度。
前已指出，虽然由镭蜕变而获得的铅具有普通铅的一切特性，但其原子量与普通铅不同。
第6节翻译练习5
It necessitates careful design of the apparatus to get rid of the heat.
It is unknown when to begin to make transportable transformers.
It is interesting to compare the energy needed to place a satellite in orbit with the energy that would be required to cause it to escape.
什么时候开始制造移动式变压器还不知道。
除热需要对设备进行仔细设计。
把一颗卫星送入轨道所需的能量和使卫星脱离地球所需要的能量进行比较是很有意思的。
第6节翻译练习6
It used to be thought that when you see a word and speak it, several stages of processing are involved.
It must be remembered that the condition may be silent until haematemesis, melaena or perforation occurs.
It is known that electronic computers play an important part in science and technology.
大家必须记住，在呕血、黑便，或穿孔发生之前，该病可能无症状。
过去人们常常认为一个词从看见到念出来包括好几个处理阶段。
我们知道，电子计算机在科学和技术方面起着重要作用。
第6节翻译练习7
It follows that any form of preheat adds to the welder’s difficulties and causes discomfort, particularly when welding at high preheat temperature levels inside vessels.
It can be concluded that temperatures on the surface of Venus is too hot for life as known on earth.
It had been calculated that actual error probability for the value was of the order of 0.5 percent.
由此可见，任何形式的预热都会增加焊工的困难，使他们身感不适，在容器内高温预热下施焊时尤其如此。可以断定，金星表面的温度过热，地球上的生物是不能适应的。
据计算，这个数值的实际误差概率约为0.5%。
第6节翻译练习8
It makes no difference when inducing an e.m.f., which moves, the coil or the magnet.
It is essential that the body of the machine is effectively earthed.
在感应出电动势时，是线圈运动还是磁铁运动，这没有区别。
这机器的机身必须有效接地，这一点十分重要。
第6节翻译练习9
The heating effect makes it possible to produce the light.
We find it possible to transform a.c. into d.c. by using a rectifier.
We think it true that the human body is also a good conductor.
热效应使产生光成为可能。
我们发现能用整流器将交流电变成直流电。
人体也是一种良好的导体，我们认为这点是正确的。
第6节翻译练习10
It is the voltmeter which we use to measure the voltage.
It is through this interface that the substation operator must control and monitor the entire substation.
It was not until I came in that he began to repair the old generator.
我们用来测量电压的就是伏特计。
变电站运行人员正是通过这个界面控制和监视整个变电站的。
直到我进来，他才开始修理那台老式发电机。
It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.
直到19世纪，热才被认为是能的一种形式。
第4章总复习题
The rise in temperature could not have happened of itself.
Be the shape of a body complicated, it is possible to find out its volume.
The more energy we desire to send, the higher we make the voltage.
The most typical humanlike characteristic of a robot is its arm.
温度上升不可能是出于自身的原因。
不论物体的形状如何复杂，人们均可求出它的体积。
要求输送的电能越多，就得使电压升得越高。
机器人最具人性化的特点就是它的机械臂。
In our studies of the implications for the First Law, we were able to see the importance of the distinction between state and path functions.
The first job of an electron tube is to get the electrons apart from their nuclei.
That type of turbine usually rotates at a very low speed.
那种汽轮机通常以非常低的速度运转。
我们研究第一定律时，可以明白区分状态函数和路径函数的重要性。
电子管的第一项工作就是使电子与其原子核分开。
Small objects such as dust particles and water droplets fall only small distances before losing most of their acceleration.
The same has happened to the central control system.
There’s hardly any room for any impurities in such a microfiber.
中心控制系统也发生过同样的事故。
小物体，比如尘粒和水珠，仅仅下落了一小段距离后便失去了其大部分的加速度。
在这种微纤维中，杂质几乎没有存在的可能。
His instances were Lennard and Stark, both of them were Nobel laureates but later became fervent followers of Hitler.
The primacy function of a regulator is to supply constant pressure to each device.
The best use of these equations is in checking the theoretical analyses using the other approaches.
他举出勒纳德及史塔克为例子。这两个人都得过诺贝尔奖，但后来却成了狂热的希特勒信徒。
这些方程式最大的用处是可对采用了其他方法的理论分析进行检验。
调节器的基本功能是给每个装置提供稳定的电压。
It is desirable to characterize electrical noise as accurately as possible.
It is known that local weather can be affected within a few days by meteorological conditions thousands of miles away from here.
需要尽可能准确地表征电噪音。
我们知道，当地的天气在几天内会受到几千英里以外地区气象状况的影响。
Materials Science and Engineering arc welding 电弧焊 calcinations 煅烧 casting 熔铸 ceramic 陶瓷 chemical properties 化学性能 cold brittleness 低温脆性 colour liquid crystals 彩色液晶 congruent compound 合熔化合物 constant-deformation tests 定变形试验 Creep Strength 潜变强度 crystal pattern 晶体结构 data quartz fiber 数据石英光纤 die casting 拉模铸造 drawing & stamping 延轧 Dynamics of Forging System 锻压系统动力学 Edge Finish 边缘处理 Engineering Materials 工程材料 nano-material 纳米材料 ceramic 陶瓷 polymer 集合物 composite material 复合材料 biomaterial 生物材料semiconductor 半导体 conductor 导体 insulator 绝缘体 synthetic fabrics 合成纤维microstructures 显微结构 periodic table 周期表 Equipment for Heating Processing 热处理设备 Fatigue Test 疲劳测试 Features of Metal 金属的特性 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属 forging 锻造 foundry 铸造 High Polymer Material & Processing 高分子材料及加工Impact Test 冲击测试 Intermetallic compound 金属间化物 Ionic Solids 离子晶体 Magnetic Transformation 磁性变态 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料力学性能的测定Mechanical Property of Metal 金属机械性能 Metal Cutting Machine Tool 金属切削工具 Metal Erosion & Protection 金属腐蚀及防护 Metal Material Science 金属材料学 Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallographic Techniques 金相技术Metallography 金属学 Metallography & Heat Treatment 金属学与热处理
Counter bored hole 沉孔 Chamfer 倒斜角 Fillet 倒圆角 padding block垫块 stepping bar垫条 upper die base上模座 lower die base下模座 upper supporting blank上承板 upper padding plate blank上垫板 spare dies模具备品 spring 弹簧 bolt螺栓 document folder活页夹 file folder资料夹 to put file in order整理资料 spare tools location手工备品仓 first count初盘人 first check初盘复棹人 second count 复盘人 second check复盘复核人 equipment设备 waste materials废料 work in progress product在制品 casing = containerization装箱 quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量 Quantity of customs count 会计师盘,点数量 the first page第一联 filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查 end-user/using unit(department)使用单位 Summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表 bill name单据名称 This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department) 本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部) Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表 blank and waste sheet NO. 空白与作废单号
Unit 1 Electronics:Analog and Digital 1.As with series resonance, the greater the resistance in the circuit the lower the Q and, accordingly, the flatter and broader the resonance curve of either line current or circuit impedance. 对于串联谐振，电路中的电阻愈大Q值就愈低，相应地线路电流或电路阻抗的谐振曲线也就愈平、愈宽。 2.A wire carrying a current looks exactly the same and weighs exactly the same as it does when it is not carrying a current. 一根带电的导线其外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。 3.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change the pulse repetition rate, or directly enter a new value of the period in the provided dialogue box, while keeping the pulse width unchanged. 在波形上点击鼠标并拖动来改变脉冲重复频率，或者在提供的对话框中直接输入新的周期值，而保持脉冲宽度不变。 4.Electronics is the science and the technology of the passage of charged particles in a gas, in a vacuum, or in a semiconductor. Please note that particle motion confined within a metal only is not considered electronics. 电子学是一门有关带电粒子在气体、真空或半导体中运动的科学技术。注意，在本书中粒子运动仅限于金属的情况不属于电子学。 5.Hardware technologies have played vital roles in our ability to use electronic properties to process information, but software and data processing aspects have not developed at the same speed. 硬件技术在我们使用电子特性来处理信息的能力中一直起着重要作用，而软件及数字处理方面却没能与硬件同步发展。 6.However, in a properly designed DC amplifier the effect of transistor parameter variation, other than Ico, may be practically eliminated if the operation point of each stage is adjusted so that it remains in the linear operation range of the transistor as temperature varies. 然而在设计得当的直流放大器中，若调节每一级的工作点使之在温度变化时保持在晶体管线性区，就能在实际上消除Ico以外的晶体管参数变化所造成的影响。
科技英语中专业术语的 翻译 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1.意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单个词语来说，意译也就是直译。意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例子如下： ①firewall ．．．．．．．． ：防火墙 ②data mining ．．．．．．．．．． ：数据挖掘 ③automatic program control ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ：自动程序控制 2.形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译成汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫形译。例子如下： I ．-．bar ．．． 工字钢、工字条；O ．-．ring ．．．． 环形圈；twist ．．．．．-．drill ．．．．．麻花钻；X ．-．Ray ．．．X 光；α．-．brass ．．．．． α黄铜[1] 3.音译：根据英语发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些有专业名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。例子如下： gene ．．．． 基因；quark ．．．．． 夸克；Pentium ．．．．．．． 奔腾 celluloid ．．．．．．．．． 赛璐璐；nylon ．．．．． 尼龙 Hertz ．．．．．（Hz ）赫兹（频率单位）；lumen ．．．．．流明（光通量单位） 4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占很大比重，这类词如果译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例子如下： CPU ．．．：．C ．entral Processing Unit ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．(中央处理器) ASCII ．．．．．：．American S ．．．．．．．．．tandard ．．．．．．． C ．ode ．．． for ．．． I ．nformation ．．．．．．．．．． I ．nterchange ．．．．．．．．．． (美国信息交换标准码) ATM ．．．：．A ．synchronous ．．．．．．．．．．． T ．ransfer ．．．．．．． M ．ode ．．． (异步传输方式) 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种办法。例子如下： WTO ．．．(国际贸易组织)；UNESCO ．．．．．．(联合国教科文组织)；WHO ．．．(世界卫生组织)；IOC ．．． (国际奥委会)
机械术语英文翻译 阿基米德蜗杆Archimedes worm 安全系数safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷safe load 凹面、凹度concavity扳手wrench 板簧flat leaf spring 半圆键woodruff key 变形deformation摆杆oscillating bar 摆动从动件oscillating follower 摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮cycloidal gear摆线齿形cycloidal tooth profile 摆线运动规律cycloidal motion 摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角angle of contact 保持架cage背对背安装丨back-to-back arrangement 背锥back cone ；normal cone 背锥角back angle背锥距back cone distance比例尺scale 热容specific heat capacity 闭式链closed kinematic chain闭链机构closed chain mechanism 臂部arm 变频器frequency converters变频调速frequency control of motor speed 变速speed change 变速齿轮change gear ; change wheel变位齿轮modified gear变位系数modification coefficient 标准齿轮standard gear标准直齿轮standard spur gear 表面质量系数superficial mass factor 表面传热系数surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度surface roughness 并联式组合combination in parallel并联机构parallel mechanism 并联组合机构parallel combined mechanism并行工程concurrent engineering 并行设计concurred design, CD不平衡相位phase angle of unbalance 不平衡imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量amount of unbalance 不完全齿轮机构intermittent gearing波发生器wave generator 波数number of waves补偿compensation 参数化设计parameterization design, PD残余应力residual stress 操纵及控制装置operation control device槽轮Geneva wheel 槽轮机构Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross槽数Geneva numerate 槽凸轮groove cam侧隙backlash 差动轮系differential gear train差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism 差速器differential常用机构conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床lathe承载量系数bearing capacity factor 承载能力bearing capacity成对安装paired mounting 尺寸系列dimension series齿槽tooth space 齿槽宽spacewidth齿侧间隙backlash 齿顶高addendum齿顶圆addendum circle 齿根高dedendum齿根圆dedendum circle 齿厚tooth thickness齿距circular pitch 齿宽face width齿廓tooth profile 齿廓曲线tooth curve齿轮gear 齿轮变速箱speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构pinion and rack 齿轮插刀pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob ,hobbing cutter 齿轮机构gear齿轮轮坯blank 齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器gear coupling 齿条传动rack gear齿数tooth number 齿数比gear ratio齿条rack 齿条插刀rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链silent chain 齿形系数form factor齿式棘轮机构tooth ratchet mechanism 插齿机gear shaper重合点coincident points 重合度contact ratio冲床punch
《信息科技英语翻译》期末考试A卷参考答案 一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1.所谓翻译就是把一种语言文字所表达的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来的语言转换过程，是通过译 者在不同语言之间进行的一种语言交流活动。 A. 形式/内容 B. 增译/省译 C. 转换/交流 D. 直译/意译 2.著名的“信达雅”三字翻译标准是清末启蒙思想家严复所提出的。 A. 玄奘 B. 严复 C. 傅雷 D. 钱钟书 3.翻译中所谓的“忠实”，首先是指忠实于原文的内容。 A. 原文 B. 译文 C. 原语 D. 译语 4.信息科技英语的翻译标准应该是：准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰。 A. 忠实、通顺 B. 意美、形美、音美 C. 传神、化境 D. 准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰 5.信息科技英语翻译中所谓的准确，就是忠实地、不折不扣地传达原文的全部信息内容。 A. 信息 B. 意义 C. 风格 D. 思想 6.要做好科技英语的翻译工作，通常要求译者具有较高的英语水平、汉语水平、科技知识水平和翻译 理论水平。 A. 口头表达能力 B. 书面表达水平 C. 英语水平 D. 思维能力 7.信息科技英语文体的特点是第三人称多，被动语态多，专业名词、术语多，非谓语动词多，长句子 多。 A. 第一人称 B. 第二人称 C. 第三人称 D. 三种人称 8.信息科技英语翻译中直译法是最常见的译法之一。 A. 直译法 B. 意译法 C. 合译法 D. 分译法 9.英语中的同一个词，同一词类，在不同场合往往有不同的含义，常常要求译者根据上下文的联系， 以及句型来确定某个词在特定场合下的词义。 A. 词语 B. 词汇 C. 词序 D. 词义 10.所谓增译就是在译文中添加英语原文省略、或原文中无其词而有其意的词语。 A. 省译 B. 增译 C. 顺译 D. 倒译 二、是非题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1.由于英汉两种语言结构与表达方式的不同，有些句子在汉译时不能逐词对译。（是） 2.英语中有大量动词派生的名词和具有动词意义的名词，均不可以转译为汉语的动词。（非） 3.英语定冠词the表示某一类特定的人或事物中的“某一个”，不可译为“该”、“这个/种”、“那个/种” 等。（非） 4.在代词的翻译中，所谓互换，就是将英语原文句子中的名词（即先行词）与代替该名词的代词，在 翻译时进行相互换为。（是） 5.信息科技英语中理解和翻译数词本身并不难，但当数字在句子中表示各种概念时，要理解和翻译一 些数量概念的句型结构时可能就会遇到困难，甚至有时出现误解、误译等现象。（是） 6.大多数作前置定语和少数作后置定语的形容词以及表语形容词，在翻译时一般可以直接译出，即译 为汉语的定语“的”字结构，也可省略“的”字。（是） 7.当英语的动词转译成汉语的名词时，修饰该英语动词的形容词往往转译成汉语的副词。（非） 8.英语介词在古英语中属于动词，因此在翻译时可将英语介词译为汉语动词。（是） 9.英语的连词从形式上可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。（非） 10.英语动词有限定性动词与非限定性动词之分，而不定式、动名词和分词三种限定性动词在科技英语 翻译中应引起我们高度重视。（非） 三、句子英汉翻译（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分） 1.Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user. 软件包的开发只是为某一用户的特定需要服务。 2.After the spring has been closed to its solid height, the compressive force is removed. 弹簧被压缩到并紧高度之后，就没有压力了。 3.The longest light waves we can see are red, the shortest violet, and in between are other colors. 可见光波中最长的是红色，最短的光波是紫色，其他颜色的光波介于这二者之间。 4.Both pumps offer excellent metering performance, high vacuum lift, dry priming capability and no possibility of back-flow. 两类泵还具有良好的计量、高真空提升、干启动以及防回吸等功能。 5.Once it is combined, nitrogen is not chemically inert any longer. 氮气一经化合，在化学上它就变得活泼了。
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1. 意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单个词语来说，意译也就是直译。意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例子如下：①firewall防火墙 ②data mining数据挖掘 ③automatic program control：自动程序控制 2. 音译：根据英语的发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些由专有名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。例子如下： ●gene基因；quark夸克；Pentium奔腾 ●celluloid赛璐珞；nylon尼龙 ●Hertz(Hz)赫兹（频率单位）；lumen流明（光通量单位） 3. 形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译时汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫行译。例子如下： I-bar工字钢、工字条；O-ring环形圈；twist-drill麻花钻；X-ray X光；α-brass α黄铜[1] 4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占有很大的比重，这类词如翻译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例子如下： CPU：Central Processing Unit(中央处理器） ASCII：American Standard Code for Information Interchange（美国信息交换标准码） ATM：Asynchronous Transfer Mode(异步传输模式） 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种方法。例子如下：
WTO（世界贸易组织）；UNESCO(联合国教科文组织）；WHO（世界卫生组织）；IOC （国际奥委会） 注[1]：指含锌量≤35%的铜锌合金。
机械专业相关词汇中英文翻译大全 单价unit price 工日合计Man-day total/work-day total 人工费cost of labor 材料费materials expenses 机械的mechanical 检查接线connection test 发电机generator 调相机phase regulator 周波cycle 减负荷装置 load-shedding equipment 断路器柜circuit breaker cabinet 单母线single busbar 互感器transformer 每相电流Current by Phase 封闭式插接close type socket joint 发电机控制面板generator control panel 分级卸载sorted unloading 同步控制synchronization control 调速器 speed governor 信号屏signal screen 继电器relay 高压柜high pressure cabinet 油浸电力变压器oil-immersed power transformer 空气断路器air circuit breaker 控制屏control panel 直流馈电屏direct current feed control panel 电容器electric condenser 计量盘metering panel 成套配电箱whole set of distribution box 落地式floor model 控制开关Control switches 铜芯电力电缆Copper core power cable 控制电缆actuating cable 热缩式电力电缆终端头pyrocondensation power cable terminal 钢结构支架配管steel structure bracket tubing 万用槽钢versatile U-steel 电缆托架 cable bracket 钢制托盘式桥架steel Tray-type cable support system waterproof socket 防水插座 防爆插座Explosion-proof socket 接地绞线earthing twisted pair 接地母线 earthing bus
2018<科技英汉互译教程>上篇期末考试范围 P.23例2 This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves special consideration. 这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。 P.24 例3 If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive. 如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。 例7 Keep the batteries in dry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away. （如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。 这种句式中，祈使句表示条件，and后面的句子表示结果，可译为“如果……，就……”，或者“……就”。 P.25例12 In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. 换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但须经过挖握、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。 例14 The solar wind grossly distorts the earth's magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail. 太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。 译文中将分词短语译成了动词并列式分句（或后续分句），即在一个主语下使用两个或两个以上的并列动词，用逗号隔开。 P.26 例17 The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction. 用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力。 例20 An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science. 要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。 P.27 例23 The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth. 月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界，是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼，太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰，而浸长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。 原句中含有4个分句：由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰a world；介词on+关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰a world的同位语a sterile mountainous waste；关系副词where 引导的定语从句，也修饰a sterile mountainous waste；so…that引导的结果状语从句。 例24 Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers, operating with numbers, and giving the result in numerical form. 计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。
机械专业英语词汇 陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing 尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank
机械图纸英语翻译 以下是我在工作中常用的 ALL WELDS CONTINUOUS UNLESS OTHER WISE STATED. 未注焊缝均为连续焊 ALL WELDS 3mm FILLET UNLESS OTHER W ISE STATED 未注焊角高3mm. ALL UNSPECIFIED RA DI - R3 未注圆角R3 REMOVE A LL BURRS AND SHA RP EDGES 棱角倒钝 CHANNEL 槽钢 RSA 708 角钢70X70X8 M30X1.5 pitch M30X1.5的锥螺纹 Tackweld 点焊 OD 1/4" outside dimension 1/4"的缩写外径直1/4" 75 CRS 尺寸为75 材质为冷轧钢板 410 OPENING REF 410 开口参考尺寸 40 REF 尺寸为40,参考值 2.5" BSP 2.5” 圆锥管螺纹 2.5" BSPT HEXA GON 2.5” 六角圆锥管螺纹(即对丝) 30x2.5 FLAT BAR 30X2.5 扁钢 TYP 2 POSNS 2处 11 TOTAL COILS APROX.9 WORKING COILS APROX.RIGHT HAND WOUND ONLY,END COILS SQUARE TO TOUCH. 总圈数约11圈；工作圈数约9圈；右旋；弹簧的端部磨平以便于接触.(此为弹簧技术说明) FEMALE: 内扣(母扣) MALE: 外扣(公扣) 偏心轴eccentric shaft 销轴PIN 开口销COTTER PIN 螺杆screw 紧定螺钉SET SCREW 圆螺母ROUND NUT 内六角螺钉SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREW 六角螺钉HEX HD SETSCREW 六角螺栓HEX HD BOL T 挡圈closing ring 弹性挡圈circlip 轴承隔套distance sleeve of axletree 轴承axletree 深沟球轴承DEEP GROOVE BA LL BEA RING 无扣长non-buckle longth 弹簧SPRING 吊环螺钉LIFTING EYE BOL T 开槽盘头螺钉SLOTTED PAN HEAD SCREW 圆锥滚子轴承TAPERED ROLLER BEA RING 推力球轴承THRUST BA LL BEARING
邢骏杰信息工程1班20091309010 We use touch screens everywhere: tourist kiosks, automatic teller machines, point-of-sale terminals, industrial controls. Half a dozen vendors, plus in-house departments at major manufacturers, produced $800 million worth in 2000. The market is growing because the interfaces are easy-to-use, durable and inexpensive. Touch screens employ one of three physics principles for detecting the point of touch. Pressing a “resistive” design with a finger or other stylus raises a voltage. In “capacitive” models, a finger draws a minute current (this method is often used for cursor pads on notebook computers). In other designs, a finger or stylus interrupts a standing pattern of acoustic waves or infrared lights that blanket the surface. Resistive screens are the oldest, most widely used and least expensive, and they work with any stylus (finger, pen). Capacitive screens must be touched by a finger or an electrically grounded stylus to conduct current. Wave screens are the newest and most expensive. Surface acoustic wave screens must be touched by a finger or a soft stylus such as a pencil eraser to absorb energy; infrared screens work with any stylus. The different technologies may be used in the same applications, although pros and cons lead to prevalent combinations: resistive screens for industrial controls and Palm Pilots; capacitive screens for slot machines; wave screens for A TMs and indoor kiosks. Most people are unaware of the type of screen they are using. But tricks can help you tell, according to Frank Shen of Elo TouchSystems in Fremont, Calif., the largest U.S. maker. Push the screen lightly with your fingernail (not your skin). If it responds, it could be resistive or infrared. In this case, place two separated fingers aga inst the screen at the same time. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is infrared (software registers the first touch); if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is resistive (the points are averaged). If the unit does not respond to your fingernail, again place two separated fingers against it. If the cursor moves beneath one finger, the unit is acoustic wave; if the cursor moves between the fingers, it is capacitive.
形合和意合 1.昨天看电影我没有买到好票。 I did not buy good seat for movie last day. 2.这个车间既做来料加工，又做来样加工。 This workshop processes raw material on client’s demand and processes according to investor’s sample as well. 3.她在中国留学服务中心工作。 She works at Chinese service center for Scholarly Exchange. 4.烤烟，苹果，羊毛和甘薯是延安的四大农产品，年产量3.12亿元，占农业总产值的52.5%。 Cured tobacco, apples, wool and sweet potatoes are the four main agricultural products in Yan’an, their output values at 312 million yuan RMB, according for 5.2% of its total agricultural output values. 5.可以预言，钛材在飞机或各种飞行器上的应用将会与日俱增，并且在其他工业中的应用也会扩大。 It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasing in aerospace and in other industries. 6.If rise of blood pressure occurs with some other disease, it is called secondary hypertension. 某种与其他疾病伴发的高血压，称为继发性高血压 7.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book. 本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。 8.一种微生物能够破坏另一种微生物，这种现象最早是巴斯德发现的，他指出这可以用到医疗上去。 That a microganism is capable of destroying one of anther species was first discovered by Pasteur, who pointed out that can be used to the therapeutic use. 英汉句子中心的差异 1.他们培育出的细胞看上去像胚胎干细胞，这的确令人惊讶。 It’s truly amazing that they can produce cells that look like embryoric stem cells. 2.1968年12月阿波罗8号宇宙飞船上那些想家的宇航员们在太空拍下了整个地球的彩照，此后在1970年4月很快就出现了第一个地球日，这绝非是历史的偶然。 It’s no accident of history that the first Earth Day in April 1970 came so soon after the color photograghs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission to the moon December 1968. 3.你们已经取得了进步，对此我毫不怀疑。 There has been no doubt in my mind of the progress which you have achieved. 4.由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快的重新实现访问，这使我感到特别高兴。 I was all the more delighted when as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 5.由于现代世界的发展和近年来在单门学科狭窄前沿上的研究进展，出现一些极其复杂的难题，单凭一两人的力量是无法对它们进行透彻研究的。 One cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent development in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. 6.这种小型热带鱼由于具有自行修复受损和患病的眼部细胞的独特能力，长期以来一直为科学家所关注。The tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in their own eyes. 7.不努力就不会成功。 One can never succeed without making great efforts.