电子信息专业英语复习资料
一、基本术语（英译汉）
1.probe探针
2.real time operational system 实时操作系统
3.debugger 调试器
4.sourse code 源代码
5.software radio wireless LAN 软件无线电网络
6.base station 基站
7.top-down approach 自顶向下分析法
8.variable 变量
9.data compress 数据压缩
10.signal conditioning circuit 信号调理电路
11.Chebyshev Type Ⅰfilter 切比雪夫Ⅰ型滤波器
12.vertical resolution 垂直分辨率
13.device driver 设备驱动
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f3537941.html,piler 编译器
15.template 模板
16.concurrent process 并发进程
17.object recognition 目标识别
18.Discrete Time Fourier Transform 离散傅立叶变换
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f3537941.html,bined circuit 组合逻辑电路
20.impedance transform 阻抗变换器
21.voltage source 电压源
22.passive component 无源器件
23.quality factor 品质因数
24.unit-impulse response 单位脉冲响应
25.noise origin 噪声源
26.Domino effect 多米诺效应
27.output load 输出负载
28.cordless phone 无绳电话
29.Antenna 天线
30.harmonic interference 谐波干涉
31.Parallel Resonant 并联谐振
32.voltage control oscillator 压控振荡器
33.adaptive delta modulation 自适应增量调制
34.amplitude modulation 调幅
二、缩略语（写出全称）
1.LSI：large scale integration
2.PMOS
：p-type metal-oxide semiconductor
3.CT：cycle threshold
4.MRI：magnetic resonance imaging
5.ROM：read-only memory
6.DRAM
：dynamic random access memory
7.TCXO
：temperature compensated X'tal (crystal) Oscillator
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f3537941.html,B：Universal Serial Bus
9.DCT：discrete cosine transform
10.DC：direct current
11.CD：Compact Disc
12.ASIC
：application-specific integrated circuit
13.MPEG
：Moving Picture Experts Group
14.ASSP
：application-specific standard product
15.EEPROM
：electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
16.GBW：gain band width
17.PLD：programmable-logic device
18.RTL：resistor transistor logic
19.IP：intellectual property
20.FPGA
：field-programmable gate array
21.CAD：computer-aided design
22.MAC：multiply-accmulate
23.GSM
：Global System for Mobile communications 24.CDMA
：code division multiple access
25.EDA
：electronic-design automation
26.HDL
：hardware-description language
27.OS：operating system
28.PCB：printed-circuit board
29.CMOS
：complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
30.AC：alternating current
31.SRAM
：static random-access memory
32.PLL：phase-locked loop
三、翻译（英译汉+汉译英）
1.Bode presented a log technique that transformed the intensely mathematical process of calculating a feedback system's stability into graphical analysis that was simple and perceptive.
伯德采用的是一种对数方法——将分析反馈系统稳定性的数学过程转换为简单又好理解的图形化分析。
2.Jitter can be defined as the deviations in s clock's output transitions from their ideal positions.The deviation can either be leading or lagging the ideal position.
“抖动”被定义为始终输出的状态转换位置偏离了理想位置。这种偏离可能超前于理想位置，也可能滞后于理想位置。
3.The cellular design increases the system capacity by at least an order of magnitude.
蜂窝设计将系统容量至少提高了一个数量级，蜂窝越小、提高量就越大。
4.A register is s set of flip-flops in parallel.Typically a register is 8,16,32 or 64 bits wide.Often a register is used to hold data,address pointers,etc.A register is volatile and very fast just like the flip-flop.
寄存器是一组并行触发器。寄存器的典型数据宽度为8位、16位、32位或者64位。寄存器常用于保存数据、地址指针等。和触发器一样，寄存器也有“易失的”，而且速度很快。
5.①Write a specification.
.②If necessary,partition the design into smaller parts and write a specification for each part.
.③From the specification draw a state machine chart.This shows each state of the system and the input conditions that cause a change of state,together with the outputs in each state.
①写出设计规格。
②如果需要的话，将设计分解为若干个小部分，并为每一部分写出设计规格。
③根据设计规格，画出状态机转换图。该图包含系统中的每一个状态、引起状态变化的输入条件和每个状态的输出。
6.As digital applications increase analog application also increase because the predominant,supply of data and interface applications in the real world and the real world is a analog world.
由于数字应用，增加模拟的应用也增加，因为，在现实世界和现实世界的数据以及应用程序界面主要供应一个模拟的世界。
7.Theoretically,992 channels can be supported in each cell,but many of them are not available ,to avoid frequency conflicts with neighboring cells.
理论上讲，每个蜂窝小区可以支持992个信道；但为了避免和邻近蜂窝小区发生频率冲突，许多信道并不能使用。
8.On a D-AMPS mobile phone,the voice signal picked up by the microphone is digitized and compressed using a model that is more sophisticated than the delta modulation and predictive encoding schemes.
在D-AMPS移动电话上，语音信号由麦克风拾取之后，先对其进行数字化，然后要使用比“增量调制”和“预测编码”更为复杂的模型进行压缩。
9.Most digital systems are sequential,that is they have states,and the outputs depend on the present state.
数字系统大多是“时序的”，即系统存在各种“状态”，输出取决于“现态”。
10.ASIC is the abbreviation of Application Specific Integrated Circuit.This denotes an integrated circuit that is fully customized to the requirements of a specific application.
ASIC就是专用集成电路的缩写。它是一种为满足特定应用需求而定制的集成电路。
11.This process begins by converting each digital code into an analog voltage that is proportional in size to the number represented by the code.
首先，将码字转换为和码字所代表数字的大小成正比的模拟电压。
12.Generally,fixed point devices are cheaper and quicker,but floating point devices are more convenient to program and more suited to calculation-intensive algorithms.
一般而言，定点器件比较便宜、速度也快，而浮点器件更便于编程、更适于运算密集型算法。
13.Digital images can be filtered using two-dimensional convolution with a convolution kernel.
通过使用卷积算子进行二维卷积运算可以实现对数字图像的滤波。
14.Each machine instruction typically does little more than,for example,add two numbers,so high-level languages aim to specify many instructions concisely and intuitively.
一般而言，每条机器指令只能做两个数相加这么简单的操作。因此，高级语言的设计目标是能够简明、直观地指定命令。
电子信息专业英语复习资料 一、基本术语（英译汉） 1.probe探针 2.real time operational system 实时操作系统 3.debugger 调试器 4.sourse code 源代码 5.software radio wireless LAN 软件无线电网络 6.base station 基站 7.top-down approach 自顶向下分析法 8.variable 变量 9.data compress 数据压缩 10.signal conditioning circuit 信号调理电路 11.Chebyshev Type Ⅰfilter 切比雪夫Ⅰ型滤波器 12.vertical resolution 垂直分辨率 13.device driver 设备驱动 https://www.doczj.com/doc/f3537941.html,piler 编译器 15.template 模板 16.concurrent process 并发进程 17.object recognition 目标识别 18.Discrete Time Fourier Transform 离散傅立叶变换 https://www.doczj.com/doc/f3537941.html,bined circuit 组合逻辑电路 20.impedance transform 阻抗变换器 21.voltage source 电压源22.passive component 无源器件 23.quality factor 品质因数 24.unit-impulse response 单位脉冲响应 25.noise origin 噪声源 26.Domino effect 多米诺效应 27.output load 输出负载 28.cordless phone 无绳电话 29.Antenna 天线 30.harmonic interference 谐波干涉 31.Parallel Resonant 并联谐振 32.voltage control oscillator 压控振荡器 33.adaptive delta modulation 自适应增量调制 34.amplitude modulation 调幅 二、缩略语（写出全称） 1.LSI：large scale integration 2.PMOS ：p-type metal-oxide semiconductor 3.CT：cycle threshold 4.MRI：magnetic resonance imaging 5.ROM：read-only memory 6.DRAM ：dynamic random access memory 7.TCXO ：temperature compensated X'tal (crystal) Oscillator https://www.doczj.com/doc/f3537941.html,B：Universal Serial Bus 9.DCT：discrete cosine transform
电子信息工程专业课程名称中英文翻译对照 （2009级培养计划）
实践环节翻译
高等数学Advanced Mathematics 大学物理College Physics 线性代数Linear Algebra 复变函数与积分变换Functions of Complex Variable and Integral Transforms 概率论与随机过程Probability and Random Process 物理实验Experiments of College Physics 数理方程Equations of Mathematical Physics 电子信息工程概论Introduction to Electronic and Information Engineering 计算机应用基础Fundamentals of Computer Application 电路原理Principles of Circuit 模拟电子技术基础Fundamentals of Analog Electronics 数字电子技术基础Fundamentals of Digital Electronics C语言程序设计The C Programming Language 信息论基础Fundamentals of Information Theory 信号与线性系统Signals and Linear Systems 微机原理与接口技术Microcomputer Principles and Interface Technology 马克思主义基本原理Fundamentals of Marxism 毛泽东思想、邓小平理论 和“三个代表”重要思想 概论 Thoughts of Mao and Deng 中国近现代史纲要Modern Chinese History 思想道德修养与法律基 础 Moral Education & Law Basis 形势与政策Situation and Policy 英语College English 体育Physical Education 当代世界经济与政治Modern Global Economy and Politics 卫生健康教育Health Education 心理健康知识讲座Psychological Health Knowledge Lecture 公共艺术课程Public Arts 文献检索Literature Retrieval 军事理论Military Theory 普通话语音常识及训练Mandarin Knowledge and Training 大学生职业生涯策划 （就业指导） Career Planning (Guidance of Employment ) 专题学术讲座Optional Course Lecture 科技文献写作Sci-tech Document Writing 高频电子线路High-Frequency Electronic Circuits 通信原理Communications Theory 数字信号处理Digital Signal Processing 计算机网络Computer Networks 电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and Microwave
果粒橙 图解:译文“蓝色” Unit 6 The Principle of PCM PCM原理 Pcm is dependent on three separate operations, sampling, quantizing, and coding. Many different schemes for performing these three functions have evolved during recent years, and we shall describe the main ones. In these descriptions we shall see how a speech channel of telephone quality may be conveyed as a series of amplitude values, each value being represented, that is, coded as a sequence of 8 binary digits. Furthermore, we shall prove that a minimum theoretical sampling frequency of order 6.8 kilohertz(khz) is required to convey a voice channel occupying the range 300 HZ to 3.4 Khz. Practical equipments, however, normally use3 a sampling rate of 8 khz, and if 8-digits per sample value are used, the voice channel becomes represented by a stream of pulses with a repetition rate of 64khz. Fig .1-1 illustrates the sampling, quantizing, and coding processes. PCM的构成依赖于三个环节，即采样、量化和编码。近年来，人们对这三个环节的实现提出了许多不同的方案，我们将对其中的一些主要的方案进行讨论。在这些讨 论中，我们会看到话路中的语声信号是如何转换成幅值序列的，而每个幅值又被编码，即以8位二进制数的序列表示。而且，我们将证明，为了转换频率范围为300HZ— 3.4KHZ的话路信号，理论上最小采样频率须为6.8khz。但是，实际设备通常用8khz 的采样速率，而如果每个样值用8位码的话，则话路是由一个重复速率为64khz的脉 冲流来表示的。图1-1表示了采样、量化、编码的过程。 Reexamination of our simple example shows us that the speech signal of maximum frequency 3.4khz has been represented by a signal of frequency 64khz. However, if only 4-digits per sample value had been used, the quality of transmission would drop, and the repetition rate of the pulses would be reduced to 32khz. Thus the quality of transmission is dependent on the pulse repetition rate, and for digital communication systems these two variables may be interchanged most efficiently. 让我们再研究一下上面提到的简单例子。可以看出，最高频率为3.4khz的话音信号适用64khz的（脉冲流）信号来表示的。但是，如果每个样值中用4位（码）表示，则传输质量会下降，而脉冲的重复速率也将减小到32khz。因而传输质量是取决于脉 冲重复速率的。对于数字通信系统，这两个量之间极明显的互相影响着。 Digital transmission provides a powerful method for overcoming noisy environments. Noise can be introduced into transmission patch in many different ways : perhaps via a nearby lightning strike, the sparking of a car ignition system, or the thermal low-level noise within the communication equipment itself. It is the relationship of the true signal to the noise signal, known as the signal-to-noise ratio, which is of the most interest to the communication engineer.Basically, if the signal is very large compared to the noise level, then a perfect message can take place; however, this is not always the case. For example, the signal received from a
Lesson eight 第八课 Ⅱ.翻译句子，并注意remain和above的词类和词义 2. In this case the voltage applied must remain unchanged. 在这种情况下，那个应用电压必须保持不变 4. If you take 3 from 8, 5 remain. 如果从8中拿走3，剩5. 6. The above property was discovered by Faraday. 法拉第发现以上性质。 8. Lenz states that the self-induced emf impedes any change of current and tends to support the former current value. The above is known as Lenz’s law. 楞茨陈述自感电动势阻止电流的变化而保持先前电流的值。上面就是我们所知的楞 次定律。 Ⅲ.翻译句子，注意some的词义 2. That radio receiver weighs some five kilograms. 那个无线接收器重五公斤。 4. Some element in the substance is not known. 物质中的一些元素是人们不知道的。 Ⅳ.翻译句子，注意句中one 的不同用法和词义。 2. This concept was discussed in Chapter One. 这个概念在第一张讨论过。 4. No one can lift this equipment. 没人能举起这件设备。 6. This chapter will deal with one of the three functions of a turning circuit. 这章我们将介绍螺旋电路三个功能中的一个。 8. Before one studies a system, it is necessary to define and discuss some important terms. 在研究一个系统之前，确定且讨论一些重要的术语是有必要的。 Ⅴ.画出句中的名词从句，说明其种类，并将句子译成汉语。 2. These experiments do not show which particles. 这些实验不能显示他们的粒子结构。 4. The operating point is determined by how much bias is used. 操作要点是被用多少偏压决定的。 6. It is not important how this voltage is produced. 这个电压是怎么产生的并不重要。 8. It may be questioned whether this approach is the best for the physicist. 这种方式最适合于医生可能会被质疑。 10. This ball may be used to determine whether that body is charged. 这个球可能用于检测是否身体是带电的。 12. It is known that charged particles emit electromagnetic waves whenever they are accelerated. 众所周知的当电子被加速他们就会发射电磁波。 14. The value of this factor determines how fast the amplitude of the current
2013～2014学年第一学期 1106-1107班《电子信息技术专业英语》期末考试试卷 （考试时间90分钟） 一、单词翻译（20%） 1. component 11. switch 2. circuit 12. device 3. resistor 13. instruction 4. capacitor 14. junction 5. diode 15. combination 6. transistor 16. manufacture 7. current 17. structure 8. voltage 18. principle 9. amplifier 19. wafer 10. insulator 20. analog 二、词组互译（20%） 1. electronic circuit 11. 广泛应用于 2. variable resistor 12. 把…. 分成…… 3. direct currents 13. 打算…… 4. integrated circuit 14. 根据…… 5. forward bias 15. 将…..应用于 6. N-type material 16. 提到、指 7. electronic counter 17.由……组成 8. frequency synthesizer 18. 用做…… 9. digital instrument 19. 被称做…… 10. operational amplifier 20. 形成 三、判断正误，用“T ”或“F ” 表示(10%) 1. The conductivity of semiconductors is higher than that of insulators But lower than that of conductors. ( ) 2. Silicon materials can conduct electricity when they are in pure state. ( ) 3. A semiconductor of n-type means that the pure material have been added impurities with three outer electrons. ( ) 班级 学号 姓名
1.This electron beam sweeps across each line at a uniform rate，then flies back to scan another line directly below the previous one and so on，until the horizontal lines into which it is desired to break or split the picture have been scanned in the desired sequence． 电子束以均匀的速率扫描每一行，然后飞速返回去扫描下一行，直到把被扫描的图像按所希望的顺序分割成行。 2.The technical possibilities could well exist，therefore，of nation-wide integrated transmission network of high capacity，controlled by computers，interconnected globally by satellite and submarine cable，providing speedy and reliable communications throughout the word 因此，在技术上完全可能实现全国性的集成发送网络。这种网络容量大，由计算机控制，并能通过卫星和海底电缆实现全球互联，提供世界范围的高速、可靠的通信。 3.Transit time is the primary factor which limits the ability of a transistor to operate at high frequency． 渡越时间是限制晶体管高频工作能力的主要因素 4.The intensity of sound is inversely proportional to the square of the distance measured from the source of the sound. 声强与到声源的距离的平方成反比。 5.The attenuation of the filter is nearly constant to within 0.5 dB over the entire frequency band． 该滤波器的衰减近于恒定, 整个频带内的变化在0.5 dB以内。 6.At present, the state of most semiconductor device technology is such that the device design and process technology must be supplemented by screening and inspection procedures, if ultimate device reliability is to be obtained and controlled． 目前, 大多数半导体器件的技术尚未十分完善, 以至若要获得并控制器件最终的可靠性, 就必须辅以筛选和检验, 以弥补设计和工艺技术之不足 7.Bandwidth of transistor amplifiers vary from about 250 MHz in the L band to 1000 MHz in the X band． 晶体管放大器的带宽在L波段约为250 MHz, 在X波段为1000 MHz。 8.The output of the differential amplifier is fed to the circuit’s output stage via an offset-compensation network, which causes the op-amp’s output to center at zero volts. The output stage takes the form of a complementary emitter follower, and provides a low-impedance output. 差动放大级的输出通过一个失调补偿网络与输出级相连, 目的是使运放的输出以0 V为中心。输出级采用互补的射极跟随器的形式以使输出阻抗很低 9.Because of the very high open-loop voltage gain of the op-amp, the output is driven into positive saturation (close to +V) when the sample voltage goes slightly above the reference voltage, and driven into negative saturation (close to-V) when the sample voltage goes slightly below the reference voltage. 由于运放的开环电压增益很高, 当取样电压略高于参考电压时, 输出趋向于正向饱和状态(接近+V)。当取样电压低于参考电压时, 输出趋向于负向饱和状态(接近-V)。 10.If the signal source were direct connected instead of capacitor coupled, there would be a low resistance path from the base to the negative supply line, and this would affect the circuit bias conditions. 如果信号源和电路不是用电容耦合而是直接相连，从基极到负电源线就会一个低阻通路，并且这将影响到电路偏置状态 11.The differential amplifier has a high-impedance (constant-current)“tail”to give it a high input impedance and a high degree of common-mode signal rejection. It also has a high-impedance collector (or drain) load, to give it a large amount of signal-voltage gain (typically about 100 dB). 差动放大极有一个高阻抗的“尾巴”（恒流源）以提供高输入阻抗和对共模信号的深度抑制，同时，它还具有一个高阻抗和集电极或漏极负载以提供高的信号电压增益（典型的数据是100dB). 12.On the other hand, a DC negative-logic system, as in Figure 3.6(b), is one which designates the more negative voltage state of the bit as the 1 level and the more positive as the 0 level. 另一方面, 如图3.6(b)所示, 把比特的较低的电压状态记为1电平, 较高的电压状态记为0电平, 这样的系统称为直流负逻辑系统。 13.For example, to represent the 10 numerals (0, 1, 2, …, 9) and the 26 letters of the English alphabet would require 36 different combinations of 1’s and 0’s. Since 25<36<26, then a minimum of 6 bits per bite are required in order to accommodate all the alphanumeric characters. 例如，要表示0～9十个数字和英文字母表中的26个字母，就需要0和1的36种不同的组合。因为25<36>26,
transistor n 晶体管 diode n 二极管semiconductor n 半导体 resistor n 电阻器 capacitor n 电容器 alternating adj 交互的 amplifier n 扩音器，放大器integrated circuit 集成电路 linear time invariant systems 线性时不变系统voltage n 电压，伏特数 tolerance n 公差；宽容；容忍condenser n 电容器；冷凝器dielectric n 绝缘体；电解质electromagnetic adj 电磁的 adj 非传导性的 deflection n偏斜；偏转；偏差 linear device 线性器件 the insulation resistance 绝缘电阻 anode n 阳极，正极 cathode n 阴极 breakdown n 故障；崩溃 terminal n 终点站；终端，接线端emitter n 发射器 collect v 收集，集聚，集中insulator n 绝缘体，绝热器oscilloscope n 示波镜；示波器 gain n 增益，放大倍数 forward biased 正向偏置 reverse biased 反向偏置 P-N junction PN结 MOS（metal-oxide semiconductor）金属氧化物半导体 enhancement and exhausted 增强型和耗尽型 integrated circuits 集成电路 analog n 模拟 digital adj 数字的，数位的horizontal adj, 水平的，地平线的vertical adj 垂直的，顶点的amplitude n 振幅，广阔，丰富attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀薄化multimeter n 万用表 frequency n 频率，周率 the cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管 dual-trace oscilloscope 双踪示波器 signal generating device 信号发生器 peak-to-peak output voltage 输出电压峰峰值sine wave 正弦波 triangle wave 三角波 square wave 方波 amplifier 放大器，扩音器 oscillator n 振荡器 feedback n 反馈，回应 phase n 相，阶段，状态 filter n 滤波器，过滤器 rectifier n整流器；纠正者 band-stop filter 带阻滤波器 band-pass filter 带通滤波器 decimal adj 十进制的，小数的hexadecimal adj/n十六进制的 binary adj 二进制的；二元的octal adj 八进制的 domain n 域；领域 code n代码，密码，编码v编码 the Fourier transform 傅里叶变换 Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅里叶变换microcontroller n 微处理器；微控制器assembly language instrucions n 汇编语言指令 chip n 芯片，碎片 modular adj 模块化的；模数的 sensor n 传感器 plug vt堵，塞，插上n塞子，插头，插销coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的 fiber n 光纤relay contact 继电接触器 single instruction programmer 单指令编程器 dedicated manufactures programming unit 专 供制造厂用的编程单元 beam n （光线的）束，柱，梁 polarize v（使）偏振，（使）极化 Cathode Ray Tube（CRT）阴极射线管 neuron n神经元；神经细胞 fuzzy adj 模糊的 Artificial Intelligence Shell 人工智能外壳程序 Expert Systems 专家系统 Artificial Intelligence 人工智能 Perceptive Systems 感知系统 neural network 神经网络 fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑 intelligent agent 智能代理 electromagnetic adj 电磁的 coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的 microwave n 微波 charge v充电，使充电 insulator n 绝缘体，绝缘物 nonconductive adj非导体的，绝缘的 antenna n天线；触角 modeling n建模，造型 simulation n 仿真；模拟 prototype n 原型 array n 排队，编队 vector n 向量，矢量 wavelet n 微波，小浪 sine 正弦cosine 余弦 inverse adj倒转的，反转的n反面；相反v 倒转 high-performance 高精确性，高性能 two-dimensional 二维的；缺乏深度的 three-dimensional 三维的；立体的；真实的 object-oriented programming面向对象的程序 设计 spectral adj 光谱的 attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀释 distortion n 失真，扭曲，变形 wavelength n 波长 refractive adj 折射的 ATM 异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer Mode ADSL非对称用户数字线Asymmetric digital subscriber line VDSL甚高速数字用户线very high data rate digital subscriber line HDSL高速数据用户线high rate digital subscriber line FDMA频分多址(Frequency Division Multiple Access) TDMA时分多址(Time Division Multiple Access) CDMA同步码分多址方式(Code Division Multiple Access) WCDMA宽带码分多址移动通信系统(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) TD-SCDMA(Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access)时分同步码分多址 SDLC(synchronous data link control)同步数据 链路控制 HDLC(high-level data link control)高级数据链路 控制 IP/TCP(internet protocol /transfer Control Protocol)网络传输控制协议 ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 国际电信联盟 ISO国际标准化组织（International Standardization Organization）； OSI开放式系统互联参考模型（Open System Interconnect） GSM全球移动通信系统（Global System for Mobile Communications） GPRS通用分组无线业务(General Packet Radio Service) FDD(frequency division duplex)频分双工 TDD(time division duplex)时分双工 VPI虚路径标识符（Virtual Path Identifier）； ISDN（Integrated Services Digital Network）综 合业务数字网 IDN综合数字网（integrated digital network） HDTV (high definition television)高清晰度电视 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)离散余弦变换 VCI(virtual circuit address)虚通路标识 MAN城域网Metropolitan area networks LAN局域网local area network WAN广域网wide area network 同步时分复用STDM Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing 统计时分复用STDM Statistical Time Division Multiplexing 单工传输simplex transmission 半双工传输half-duplex transmission 全双工传输full-duplex transmission 交换矩阵Switching Matrix 电路交换circuit switching 分组交换packet switching 报文交换message switching 奇偶校验parity checking 循环冗余校验CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 虚过滤Virtual filter 数字滤波digital filtering 伪随机比特Quasi Random Bit 带宽分配Bandwidth allocation 信源information source 信宿destination 数字化digitalize 数字传输技术Digital transmission technology 灰度图像Grey scale images 灰度级Grey scale level 幅度谱Magnitude spectrum 相位谱Phase spectrum 频谱frequency spectrum 智能设备Smart Device 软切换Soft handover 硬切换Hard Handover 相干检测Coherent detection 边缘检测Edge detection 冲突检测collision detection 业务集合service integration 业务分离/综合service separation/ integration 网络集合network integration 环形网Ring networks 令牌环网Token Ring network 网络终端Network Terminal 用户终端user terminal 用户电路line circuit 电路利用率channel utilization（通道利用率） 相关性coherence 相干解调coherent demodulation 数字图像压缩digital image compression 图像编码image encoding 有损/无损压缩lossy/lossless compression 解压decompression 呼叫控制Call Control 误差控制error control 存储程序控制stored program control 存储转发方式store-and-forward manner 语音\视频传输voice\video transmission 视频点播video-on-demand(VOD) 会议电视Video Conference 有线电视cable television 量化quantization 吞吐量throughput 话务量traffic 多径分集Multipath diversity 多媒体通信MDM Multimedia Communication 多址干扰Multiple Access Interference 人机交互man machine interface 交互式会话Conversational interaction
Unit 1 The Development of Electronics Electronics is a part of the larger field of electricity. The basic principles of electricity are also common to electronics, Modern advances in the fields of computers, control systems, communications have a close relationship with electronics. Electronics is a scientific study of electronic components such as electron tubes, diodes, transistors, integrated circuits and so on, electronic circuits and its applications. Electronics began in 1883, when Thomas Edison discovered the vacuum diode as part of his research on materials for a practical electric light. Edison’s discovery laid the foundation of electronics. The development of electronics has had three important steps: the first step was electron tube invented by Fleming, an English physicist in 1904. This invention led the world to step into an electronic era. During that time the application of electron tubes was in the communication industry, first in radios and later in televisions. Because of their large size and wasted power, most of their applications are replaced by transistors today. The invention of transistor was the second step in electronics. A transistor was made from semiconductor material. The early transistors were made from germanium. The most visible application of transistors was in small, portable AM broadcast receivers. Silicon transistor began to replace germanium transistors in the late 1950s, which made possible the next revolutionary step in electronics. And the third step was the development of integrated circuits (ICs), which made a commercial success in electronics. Jack Kilby, an American scientist, made the first single chip IC in 1985, which laid foundation of microminiaturization and integration. The development of IC created microelectronics and brought a wide use of electronics in everyday items. It created the modern computer industry and restructured communications. Without it, man could not explore space or fly to the moon. Electronic technology is developing rapidly in the world. And electronics industry is equipped to make yet another giant step forward.