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2012年12月大学英语四级考试多题多卷(三)答案详解

2012年12月大学英语四级考试多题多卷（三）答案详解

Writing

内容同2012年12月大学英语四级考试多题多卷（一）答案详解

Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)

1.【线索词】diagnosed with a disabling condition

C)【定位】由线索词定位到第一段Being diagnosed with a disabling condition is always a shock... The implications for your working life may

seem intimidating.

【精析】细节辨认题。文章第一段开头提到被诊断患＿1二了致残性疾病总会给人沉重的打击，最后一句则指出这对一个人的职业生涯造成的影响可能会令人不安。C)“他们对自己的工作前景感到十分紧张”，与原文的意思相符。

2.【线索词】the author, revealed her condition

B)【定位】由线索词定位到第花段第一、二句In my experience... I have received little support from employers to whom I have revealed my

condition.

【精析】同义转述题。文章第花段第二句提到“我”把身体情况告知用人单位后，“我”几乎没能从用人单位获得任何帮助。B）中的did not give her the support是对原文中have received little support from employers的［rt］义转述，与原文意思相符。

3.【线索词】Lupus, dilemma

D)【定位】由线索词定位到第四段第五句后半句至七句I now had a name for my daily struggle:Lupus. . . It also leaves a huge. dark question

hanging over my head when seeking employment:should I tell my employers I have a condition?

【精析】细节辨认题。文章第四段讲述了“我”被确诊患上狼疮后的心理感受。第七句提到这为“我”留下了一个巨大的、令人不快或阴郁的问题：在求职的时候是否应该告诉老板自己身体的真实情况。因此．作者的两难境地是不知道该不该将身体情况告知老板，D)“告知老板自己身体残疾的情况”，与原文的意思相符。

4.【线索词】public relations consultancy in Bristol

C)【定位】由线索词定位到第五段第一句末尾…with a respected public relations consultancy in Bristol．和第四句At my first and last performance

review, my boss was amazed that,despite my many capabilities, 'I hadn't quite taken control of my responsibilities.

【精析】细节推断题。第五段首句末尾提到“我”在布里斯托尔的一家受尊敬的公关咨询公司找到了一份工作，而第四句提到，在“我”的第一次也是最后一次绩效考核中，尽管“我”有诸多方面的能力，还是没能够很好地履行“我”的职责，对此“我”的老板感到非常惊讶。由此可知，“我”失去第一份工作的原因是老板对“我”的表现不满意。C)“老板对她的表现很失望”，与原文的意思相符。

5.【线索词】feel like a fraud

【定位】由线索词定位到第六段第三、四句hit despite a shining performance at the interview, I felt like a fraud. I-low long would it be before I sank into ill health and depression again?

【精析】细节辨认题。本段提到“我”找到了第二份工作，但是在面试中表现良好的同时，“我”感觉自己好像是个骗子，因为“我”不清楚多久之后自己的身体就会再次垮下去，A)“她知道自己随时都有可能再生病”，与原文的意思相符。

6.【线索词】move to London

【定位】由线索词定位到第八段末句I realised I needed help from my family and moved to London.

【精析】同义转述题。原文提到“我”意识到自己需要家人的帮助，随即移居伦敦。A）中的get help from her family是对原文中needed help from my family的同义转述。

7.【线索词】marketing recruitment consultancy

【定位】由线索词定位到第九段第一句As soon as... marketing recruitment consultancy…和第十段第三句The 10-hour days crashed around my head; no amount of make-up could disguise my ill health as I battled against the odds to prove to myself that I could still: make it in the business world.

【精析】同义转述题。第九段第一句讲到“我”在一家市场营销咨询公司的面试中胜出。第十段讲述了“我”在市场营销咨询公司的工作经历，第共句提到，每天十小时的．E作强度使得“我”身心疲惫，但是“我”却一直和逆境斗争，为了向自己证明能够在商界取得成功。D）中的prove herself capable of success 是对原文中prove to myself that I could still make it的同义转述。

8. their conditions

【定位】由题干中的disability status和in the UK 定位到第十二段An estimated 10 million people in the UK. . . qualify for disability status under the DDA... None had disclosed their conditions to employers...

【精析】同义转述题。空格处是介词about的宾语，应该填人名词成分。题干中的many people qualify for disability status in the UK是对第十二段第一句的同义转述，would rather not tell是对原文中None had disclosed的同义转述，因此disclosed的宾语their conditions为本题答案。

9．the private sector

【定位】由题干中的voluntary sector定位到文章第十五段I decided to give the voluntary sector a go and was surprised. . . But given the choice, I would still prefer a career in the private sector.. 【精析】同义转述题。空格处应填人表示地点的名词或名词性短语与介词in构成

地点状语。题干中的if she had a choice是对原文中given the choice的同义转述，would still like to work是对原文中would still prefer a career 的同义转述，因此prefer a career in后面的the private sector为本题答案。

10.obligations

【定位】由题干中的it is important to recognise定位到文章最后一段末句It is important, though, to recognise the significance of the act,the protection it affords and the obligations that employers have to us as employees and as human beings.

【精析】同义转述题。空格前面是名词所有格形式 employers'，因此空格处应填入名词或名词短语与空格后面的介词短语搭配。题干中的to their disabled employees是对原文中to us as employees的同义转述，因此obligations为本题答案。

Listening Comprehension

内容同2012年12月大学英语四级考试多题多卷（一）答案详解

Reading Comprehension

Section A

47.N)【精析】副词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，本题所在的句子成份完整，因此空格处需要填人对整个句子进行修饰的副词。文章第一句提到很多人每

天都在频繁地使用手机，后面使用But语义一转，想要表达的意思是关于使用手机对身体健康的影响却几乎毫无定论，这一点的确出人意料。因此，空格处需要填人一个表示“出人意料”的副词，由此确定副词surprisingly"出人意料地”为本题答案。

48.H)【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面是名词Manufacturers, 后面是连词that引导的宾语从句，因此空格处需要填人句子的谓语动词。上文中提到了使

用手机对身体健康的影响几乎毫无定论，后面的that 从句提到手机符合政府关于无线电频率辐射排放的安全标准，这很显然是手机制造商的态度和观点。因此，空格处需要填人一个表达态度和观点的动词，由此确定动词maintain“坚持认为”为本题答案。

49.G)【精析】名词辨析题。空格前面为形容词 possible，后面为介词in，因此空格处需要填人名词。根据本句的句意，已有足够多的研究开始证明，

罕见脑肿瘤、头痛及儿童行为失调等病症＿_可能性巫待引起关注，推断空格处应填人表示“增加”的名词，由此确定名词in crease“增加”为本题答案。

50.A)【精析】形容词辨析题。空格前面为isn't，后面为介词on，因此空格处需要填人形容词，充当表语。本句的主语为evidence“证据”，想要表达

的意思是关于后面提到的问题证据尚不确凿或者尚不充分，因此空格处应填人表示“确凿的，毫无疑问的”等意义的形容词，由此确定形容词conclusive“确凿的”为本题答案。

51.B)【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面为名词短语the use of cell phones，后面为介词to，因此空格处需要填人充当从句谓语的动词。空格位子whether

引导的从句中，从句要表达的意思是手机的使用是否会造成患癌症风险的增加，因此空格处应填人一个表示“造成，导致”意思的动词，并且需要与介词to搭配，由此确定contributes“促成，造成”为本题答案。

52.J)【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面为to，后面为介词 in，而且与to搭配的是动词asked，构成ask sb.to do sth．结构，意为“要求某人做某事，

让某人做某事”，因此空格处需要填人动词。本句意为“在一项新的研究中，研究人员找到了47名志愿者＿一个项目中，通过扫描大脑进而对细胞如何消耗能量进行观察，以测定大脑中葡萄糖的消耗情况。”因此空格处应填人一个表示“参与，参加”的动词，而且需要与介词in进行搭配，由此确定动词participate“参加”为本题答案。

53.E)【精析】动词辨析题。通过分析句子可知，空格处与前面的动词had构成have sth. done的结构，因此空格处需要填人一个动词的过去分词。根

据句意，志愿者们每只耳朵上各被安装一部手机。因此，空格处应填人表示“安装，固定”等意思的动词，并与空格后的介词to进行搭配，由此可以确定动词fixed“使固定，安装”为本题答案。

54.0)【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面是动词was，后面是介词on，通过并列连词and之后的动词 received可以断定，空格处所在的句子为拥有两个并

列谓语的被动句，因此空格处需要填入动词的过去分词形式，与received构成并列成分。上句中提到第一轮扫描中，设备呈关闭状态，因此，第二轮的扫描中需要将设备开启，空格处应填入表示“开启，打开”等意义的动词，且需要与介词。搭配使用，由此可以确定，动词过去分词switched 为本题答案，switched on意为“开启，打开”。

55.M)【精析】名词辨析题。通过分析句子结构可以判断，空格处缺少的成分为宾语从句的主语，空格后为介词of，因此，空格处需要填入名词，充当主

语和of the brain的中心词。本句意为“第二次扫描的结果显示，最靠近装置的大脑＿中葡萄糖的消耗量要远远高于大脑中的其他部位”。因此空格处需要填人的是表示“区域”的名词，由此可以确定名词regions“部位”为本题答案。

56.L)【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面为连词and，后面为名词短语，通过对句子结构的分析，空格处缺少的成分是与shows构成并列谓语的动词，文章结尾处对实验结果进行总结，这项研究既证实了手机能够改变大脑的活动，也为进一步的科学研究提供了一条全新的思路。因此，空格处应填人表示“提供”的动词，并且需要与后面的介词for 进行搭配，由此可以断定provides为本题答案，provides…for…意为“为……提供……”。

Section B

Passage One

57.【定位】由题干中的new year resolutions定位到第一段It's no secret that some of the resolutions that many of us vowed to pursue in the

new year. . . have already fallen by the wayside.

A) 【精析】推理判断题。文章开篇指出，我们许多人曾在新年来临之际发誓要完成的一些新年计划，比如健康饮食、减肥、戒烟、存更多的钱等，都已

经半途而废，这不是什么秘密了。由此可见，我们的新年计划大多都半途而废，也就是说新年计划很难坚持，因此答案为A)。

58. 【定位】由题干中的benefit和选项中的Health club members定位到第二段第二句And it's a good thing for those who sell health club memberships,

quitsmoking programs and other products that help us think we can improve our lives.

D) 【精析】细节归纳题。第二段指出，尽管新年计划多半被我们放弃，但这对于那些推销健康俱乐部会员卡、戒烟计划和其他令我们感觉能够因此改善

我们生活的相关产品的人来说是件好事。通过总结归纳可知，新年计划最终的受益者是那些与健康相关的行业，因此答案为D),

59.【定位】由题干中的the Biggest Loser Resort定位到第六段第一句The Biggest Loser Resort at Fitness Ridge doesn't offer any quick fixes,just

a 12-hour schedule full of exercise, a 1200-calories-a-day diet and a fee of $2000 a week.

B) 【精析】细节推断题。第六段第一句指出，一家名为 Biggest Loser Resort at Fitness Ridge的健身俱乐部从不提供任何速效对策，只包括一个排

满12小时的锻炼日程表，一种一天消耗1200卡路里的饮食限制和一周2000美元的费用。也就是说，这家减肥中心的特别之处就在于它不像其他减肥中心那样依靠速效对策进行减肥训练，因此答案为B)。

60.【定位】由题干中的stop dieting定位到第八段第二、三句“…it fails to take into account that the human body continues to fight agains t

weight loss long after dieting has stopped. This translates into a sobering reality:once we become fat,most of us, despite our best efforts, will probably stay fat.”

C) 【精析】推理判断题。第八段提到，建议过度肥胖的人节食和锻炼的指导虽然有一定道理，但是并没有考虑到在节食停止后的很长一段时间里，人的

身体会持续地与体重的减少进行对抗，这造成了一个令人警醒的现实问题：大多数人一旦变胖，即使付出再多的努力很可能也只能维持肥胖的状态；由此可见，一旦停止节食，人的身体又会重新开始发胖，也就是出现体重的反弹现象，所以答案为C)。

61.【定位】由题干中的tend to do定位到文章最后一段末句But chances are it won't have much impact on the human tendency to resolve to get

to the gym more and avoid chocolate cake when the clock strikes midnight on December 31.

A) 【精析】推理判断题。文章最后一段指出，如果这一揭示被进一步研究证明是正确的，那么对于减肥行业来说，这将是一个不太好的消息。但是，对

于人们在 12月31日午夜钟声敲响的时候还是会决心多去健身房、少吃巧克力蛋糕的倾向来说，这一揭示也可能不会产生太大的影响。也就是说，人们始终倾向于在新年到来之际一次又一次地制订同样的新年计划，因此答案为A)。

Passage Two

62.【定位】由题干中的wasn't. . . surprised和Los Angeles charter schools定位到第一段When University of California-Berkeley released a

study this month...I wasn't surprised.

B) 【精析】细节推断题。定位段提到，一项研究表明目前政府特许学校的教师流动率高得惊人，但是作者并不惊讶。第二段中揭示了原因，即作者已经

注意到很多次这项研究反映的问题了，因此答案为B).

63.【定位】由题干中的the public school定位到第三段第二至四句She started out in the SanFrancisco public schools, where she was assigned

to the district's toughest elementary school. Fifth-graders threw chairs across the room一and at her. Parents refused to show up for the conferences.

A) 【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到作者的侄女从旧金山的公立学校开始教师生涯，被分派到了当地最难管理的小学，并举例说明了学生难以管理的情

况，学生们在教室里把椅子扔来扔去，甚至还扔向老师。由此可见，这个公立学校的学生自由散漫、很难管教，因此答案为A)。

64.【定位】由题干中的charter elementary school定位到第四段第一句…so she switched to a highly regarded charter elementary school in the

Bay Area where she poured her energy into her job and it showed…和第五段第一句Yet by her fourth year, my niece was worn out,depleted of the energy it took to work with a classroom of sweet but deeply needy children who pleaded to stay in her classroom when it was time to leave.

D) 【精析】推理判断题。第四段首句提到作者的侄女因为不愿忍受漠视和侮辱而选择调换工作，进入一所知名度很高的政府特许小学，并全身心投人其

中，收到很好的效果。第五段首句提到，到了第四年，她班里的这群善良而贫穷的孩子们总是在放学以后还恳求留在她的教室里。由此可以推断，这位老师的工作受到了这些家境贫困的孩子们的欢迎和喜爱，因此答案为D)。

65.【定位】由题干中的teacher turnover rates和the Berkeley study定位到第六段第二句The authors of the Berkeley study theorize that the

teachers leave because of the extraordinary demands: long hours, intense involvement in students' complicated lives, continual searches for new ways to raise scores.

C) 【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到伯克利分校研究的作者们将教师离职的原因总结为多方面的过度苛求，包括长时间工作、大量参与学生复杂的生活

以及不断地探寻提高学生成绩的新方法等，也就是说，专家们认为，教师离职的原因是教学工作的要求过于苛刻，因此答案为C),

66.【定位】由题干中的comment和school reform movement定位到最后一段第一句It's unlikely that we can build large-scale school reform on

a platform of continual new demands on teachers-more time, more energy, more devotion, more responsibility- even if schools find ways

to pay them better.

B) 【精析】推理判断题。定位句表达了作者对于当前的学校改革的看法，即我们也不可能将大规模的学校改革建立在一个对教师不断提出新要求的平台

上，换言之，当前学校改革的基础存在问题，如果不加以改变的话，成功的可能性不大。B）中的not likely to be successful是对原文中unlikely that we can…的同义转述，因此答案为B)。

Cloze

67. A)【精析】动词辨析题。本段首句提到了纽约的“占领领华尔街”运动，Amanda Vodola作为其中一员参与其中，由此可见，第二句中描述的是她每

天的时间安排及她在这场运动中的作用。综合分析四个选项，只有organize“组织，筹划”符合句意，为正确答案。establish“建立，设立”

；integrate“（使）合并，（使）成为一体”；assemble“集合，聚集”。

68. D)【精析】介词辨析题。此处提到去年春天Vodola 75 .A) 从福德汉姆大学毕业。根据常识可知，此处表达的是“获得英语学位”，因此空格处需

要填入介词 with，表示“具有，带有”。under“在下面，在底下”；on“在上面”；o ver“在上方”。

69. C)【精析】形容词辨析题。上句提到Vodola现在的工作不足以支付各种账单，因此，本句要表达的意思是在所有的账单中，她最担心的是助学贷款

债务。worried“担心的，焦虑的”符合题意。 puzzled“困惑的，无法理解的”；interrupted“被打断的”；distracted“心神不定的，心烦意乱的”。

70. B)【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面为人称代词she, 后面为in college loans，联系上下文可以判断，此处缺少的是定语从句的谓语动词，定语从

句用于修饰the $30 000，省略了引导词that。由此可见，此处的意思是她最担心的还是大学期间她欠下的30 000美元贷款。owes“欠（钱），负（债）”符合题意。collects“收集，采集”；costs“花费，需支付”；accounts“解释；报账”。

71. D)【精析】．固定搭配题。空格中需要填人副词与前面的runs构成固定搭配。由空格后的句意“Voldola与数百万的其他五月份毕业的毕业生

将不得不开始偿还贷款”可知，此处是说“他们的贷款还款宽限期即将到期”。因此空格处应填入out，固定短语run out“用完，耗尽”，符合题意。run down“逐渐缩减，逐渐减少”；run up“获得（分数或名次）”；ru n off“跑掉，离弃”。

72. B)【精析】动词辨析题。本句的前半句提到毕业生们的贷款还款宽限期即将到期，由此推断，11月份毕业生们将不得不开始还贷。空格处应填入表

示“偿还”的动词，repaying“付还，偿还”符合题意。raising“提高，增加”；rearranging“重新安排；重新布置；rating“估价，评价”

。

73. C)【精析】名词辨析题。空格前面是whether，后面是have found jobs，缺少的是条件状语从句中的主语，应该填入名词或代词。文中提到，一些

私人贷款的还款要求会即刻开始生效。根据句意及常识可知，还款要求丝毫不顾及的应该是借款人是否已经找到工作，因此，borrowers“借款人”,符合题意。lenders“放款人，贷方”；owners“所有人，物主”；holders“持有人”。

74. A)【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面为助动词have，后面为时间状语，需要填人谓语动词。本句讨论的是近两年大学毕业生就业率出现的变化。下文

提到，经济学家已经预测将会出现下一场经济危机，因此，就业率出现的变化应该是下降, dropped“降低，减少”符合题意。reversed“推翻；调换”；collapsed“倒坍，塌下”；slimmed“使苗条，减肥”。

75. A)【精析】名词辨析题。空格前为定冠词the，后面为介词of,需要填入名词作句子主语的中心词。本句前半句指出，近两年来大学毕业生的就业．

率下降，工作起薪也降低，因而会出现学生贷款到期未付率的急剧增长。此处意为“这种可能性导致经济学家开始担忧”。故选possibility“可能性”。stability“稳定性”；publicity“关注；宣传”；security“安全，保障”。

76. B)【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面为led some economists to，后面为that引导的宾语从句，空格处需要填人动词。上文提到，学生贷款到期未付

率急剧增长的可能性会导致经济学家开始担忧，这有可能会是下一场波及更广经济领域的金融危机，这只是一种预测．空格处需要填人一个表示“预测”的动词，predict符合题意。command “命令，下令”；appreciate“欣赏；理解”；instruct “指导；命令”。

77. D)【精析】固定搭配题。空格后面为the first time, 需要填人介词构成固定搭配。根据上下文，此处意为“去年美国学生贷款的欠款总额第一次

超过了信用卡的欠款总额”，固定短语for the first time“第一次”符合题意。

78. C)【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面为to，后面为 $1000 billion.需要填人动词，结合前半句，此处意为“今年学生贷款债务即将达到一万亿美元”,

hit“达到（某一水平或数量）”，符合题意。blow “吹；炸毁”；knock“敲；碰撞”；pound“猛打”。

79. B)【精析】名词辨析题。上文提到了去年和今年美国学生贷款债务的总额和变化，由此可以推断贷款债务总额应该是持增长态势，空格处需要填入

表示“增长”的名词，因此increase为答案。advance “提前”；transfer“转移，调动”；progress“进步，进展”。

80. A)【精析】名词辨析题。空格前面为these,需要填人一个名词，并且应该是上文中提到的内容。上文刚刚提到了美国学生贷款债务的一系列数据，

所以答案为statistics“数据”。graphs“图表”；diagrams“示意图”；abstracts“摘要”。

81. D)【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面是students，后面是by debt,由上下文可知，“学生”与“债务”之间的关系是“学生背负债务”，故此处需要

填入burdened，rejected“拒绝接受”；cleared“清除，清理”；revealed“揭露，揭示”。

82. C)【精析】介同辨析题。空格后面为the nation，根据上下文可知，此处意为“学生们在全国各地的城市和校园里进行抗议活动”，四个选项中只

有through out“遍及，在……各处”符合题意。among“在……之中”;amid“在……中间”;beyond“超出，超越”。

83. B)【精析】固定搭配题。空格后面为V-ing形式 seeing，前面出现了动词keep，而keep sb. from doing sth．为固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某

事”, 本句意为“无论是这些数据还是背负贷款债务在全国各地的城市和校园里抗议的学生们的声音，可能都无法阻止那些有高中毕业生的家庭做某事”，答案为from。

84. D)【精析】名词辨析题。由空格前面的a推断，需填入一个可数名词。本句中提到那些有高中毕业生的家庭对名校教育所持的态度，根据上下文可

以推断，数据和学生们的抗议声仍然无法改变他们所坚持的要想过上更好的生活就要接受更好的教育的观念，即教育是获得美好生活的敲门砖。ticket“票，入场券；手段，敲门砖”符合题意。sign“标识；信号”；label“标记，标签”；brick“砖块”

85. A)【精析】名词辨析题。由空格前面的an推断，需填人可数名词。上文中提到那些有高中毕业生的家庭认为名校教育是获得更美好生活的敲门砖，

也就是说，他们一直以来都被告知，更高等的教育是一项对未来的投资，只有投人才能有所回报。investment“投资”符合题意。

instrument“器具，工具”；indication“迹象，标示”；inspiration“灵感”。

86. C)【精析】动词辨析题。空格前面为助动词has，后面为数字，需要填入谓语动词。文章最后提到了近30年来大学教育的费用变化，根据全文的介

绍及538%可以推断，费用应该是呈激增的态势，因此空格处需要填人表示“激增”的动词，soared “猛增，骤升”，符合题意。intensified“增强，加剧”；flown“飞；快速移动”；broken“打破，弄坏”。

Translation

87.can you apply for a driving license

【考点】①常考语法：倒装结构②常用短语

【精析】①句子由“Only十时间状语”引导，所以需要使用倒装结构。即采用“助动词或情态动词＋主语十谓语动同原形”的语序，由句意得知，本题需要借助于情态动词can；②表示“申请（驾照，护照）”等通常用apply for。

88.keep a balance between career and family

【考点】①常考语法：动词不定式②常用短语

【精析】①本题中feel后面是省略了引导词that的宾语从句，此宾语从句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面需要译出的动词不定式结构；②“保持平衡”可以用短语keep a balance表示，“两者之间”可以用between. . . and…来表示。

89.could have avoided this silly mistake

【考点】①常考语法：虚拟语气②习惯用法

【精析】①“本来可以避免”是对过去事实的一种假设，故使用虚拟语气，可以翻译为。ould have avoided；②avoid (doing) sth．常用于表示“避免（做）某事”。

90.settled down and started his own business

【考点】①常考句型②常用短语

【精析】①It's about/high time后面的从句中通常使用一般过去时；②表示“安顿下来”常用短语settle down。

91.find yourself queuing up

【考点】①固定搭配②常用短语

【精析】①表示“发现自己正在做某事”常用结构find oneself doing sth.，动词see, hear等也可以用于此结构；②queue作名词时，意为“队伍”；作动词时表示“排队等候”，常用短语queue up。

答案速查

1-7 CBDCAAD

8.their conditions

9.the private sector

10.obligations

听力理解答案同2012年12月大学英语四级考试多题多卷（一）答案速查

47-51 NHGAB

52-56 JEOML

57-61 ADBCA

62-66 BADCB

67-71 ADCBD

72-76 BCAAB

77-8i DCBAD

82-86 CBDAC

87.can you apply for a driving license

88.keep a balance between career and family

89.could have avoided this silly mistake

90.settled down and started his own business

91.find yourself queuing up

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