被动语态
一．被动语态的时态
一般时
一般现在时：The work is done.
一般过去时: The work was done.
一般将来时: The work will be done.
进行时
现在进行时：The work is being done.
过去进行时：The work was being done.
将来进行时：The work will be being done.
完成时
现在完成时：The work has been done.
过去完成时：The work had been done.
将来完成时：The work will have been done.
情态动词的被动态：情态动词
+be +过去分词将下列个句子变成被动语态
1.Girls often borrow these books.
2.We held the sports meeting in our city last year.
3.The police will send the thief to prison this afternoon.
4.The doctor is operat ing on Mr. Wu.
5.Tom has posted the letters.
6.He told us that he had finished the work.
7.By the end of this year, we will have built the tall building.
例题：
1. A new cinema _______ here .They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built
B. is built
C. has been built
D. is being built 2. Rainforests _________ and burn ed at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
3. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _________ in Beijing.
A. would be complete d
B. was being completed
C. has been completed
D. had been completed 4. When and where to go for the paid holiday ________ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided
D. has not been decided 5.-Do you have any problems if you _____this job?
-Well, I am thinking about the salary ...
A. offer
B. will offer
C. are offered
D. will be offered
6. He _____as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics. A. regard ed B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded
7. Children won't put on weight so easily if they _____to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. were persuaded C. will persuade D. are persuaded
8. Though we don't know what was discuss ed, yet we can feel the topic___
A. had changed
B. will change
C. was changed
D. has been changed 重要单词：operate (on)
9. His sister left home in 1998, and _______since.
A. had not been heard of
B. has not been heard of
C. had not heard of
D. has not heard of
10. The way the guest s _____in the hotel influence d their evaluation of the service.
A. treat ed
B. were treated
C. would treat
D. would be treated
二．被动语态词的用法
首先回忆一个主动语态如何变成被动语态的
1.不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态，如happen, occur, take place, come about, break out,
cost
例题：The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now.
A. remains
B. is remained
C. is remaining
D. has been remained
2.系动词也是不及物动词，因此也没有被动语态：look, sound, taste, smell, feel
Silk feels soft.
The dish tastes good.
3.有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词
The clothes were washed clean by my sister.
The cloth washes well. (耐洗）
The article was well written.
The pen writes smoothly. (写起来）
The book was sold out on the first day.
The book sells very well. (畅销）
例题：Tasting _____, this kind of fried chicken sells _____.
A. well; good Ｂ．to be good; well C. good; well D. to be well; good
4.英语中个别词组和单词主动可以表示被动：run out, give out, belong to, consist of, let, blame read, measure, weight, lock, open
The petrol is running out.
After a month their food supplies g ave out.
The sentences read clearly.
Who is to blame?
The house is to let.
例题：
1. - Do you think we should accept that offer?
-Yes, we should, for we ______such bad luck up till now, and time ______out.
A. have had; is running
B. had; is running
C. have; has been run
D. have had; has been run
2. We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that ______for their son's bad performance at school.
A. are to blame
B. is to be blamed
C. are to be blamed
D. is to blame
3. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _______to the well-educated.
A. belongs
B. is belonged
C. is belonging
D. will be belonged
5.有些动词可以用被动表示主动：seat, station, locate, situate ,(这些词都和“座”有关系）dress He was seated on that chair=He sat on that chair.
Ten soldier s were stationed in that village.
The city is located in the northwest part of Canada.
The village is situated in a valley.
例题：The instrument is _____about two thousand parts.
A. made up
B. composed of
C. consisted of D formed of ( B )
dress用主动和被动都可以
The bride (was) dressed in white.
6.少数短语动词只能用于被动语态：be taken in，be intended/meant for，be supposed to do He was completely taken in.
The article is intended for children.
You are supposed to get there this afternoon.
例题：He was completely _____by her tale of hardship.
A. taken away
B. taken down
C. taken in
D. taken up
三．被动语态在句型中的使用
1.It is/was said/reported/claimed/ believed/ required/ expected/ estimated that....
=sb + say/report/claim/ believe/ require/ expect/ estimate +that +宾语从句
=sb/sth +is/was + said/reported/claimed/ believed/ required/ expected/ estimated +to do
此句型可以翻译为“据......" 也可以翻译为“人们......"
It is said that China will succeed in Moon Landing Plan in quite recent future.
=China is said to succeed in Moon Landing Plan in quite recent future.
例题：The flu is believed _____by viruses that like to reproduce in the cell s inside human nose and throat.
A. cause
B. being caused
C. to be caused
D. to have caused
2.短语动词变成被动语态应该保持完整
以下例句均有错误，找到后改正
She was heard sing in the room.
The patients in the hospital are well taken care.
Such bad habits should be done away.
注意：使役动词和感官动词省略的宾语补足语to在被动语态中要补回来
错误归纳
动词错误
A时态错误
1. He told me he has already finished his composition.
2. He was ill and his parents suggested that he had a medical examination.
3. We were having a meeting when the door open.
4. Hardly had the doctor go to bed when there is a knock on the door.
5. It is already 10 years since he becomes a lawyer.
6. Tom told me that he has just been asked what he was doing during the holidays,
7. This is the first time that I had done something wrong.
B语态错误
1. No motorcars allowed in the business streets, which makes shopping much easier and safer.
2. The bikes produced in their factory are selling to several countries.
3. For instance, we are often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as our friends.
4. The teacher was asking to explain the question again.
5. Their children were taking care of by their neighbor last night.
主动语态变被动语态的几个特例 一、含有双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，多数将主动句中的间接宾语变为被动句的主语，直接宾语作保留宾语；也可将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语作保留宾语，但这时保留宾语前多加介词to或for。如：He gave me a new watch.→1) I was given a new watch. 2) A new watch was given to me. 二、含有复合宾语且宾语补足语是名词的句子变为被动语态时，只能将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，宾补不可变为主语。如：They call me Jim. →I am called Jim.(不可说：Jim is called me.) 三、主语为疑问词的疑问句变为被动语态时，用“By+疑问词（宾格）”置于句首。如： Who broke the glass? →By whom was the glass broken? 四、祈使句变为被动语态时，要改为“Let +原宾语+be+过去分词”。如：Close the window. →Let the window be closed. 五、带宾语从句的复合句变为被动语态时，多用it作形式主语置于句首，原宾语从句成为真正主语（从句），从句中也需用被动语态。如：People said that Lin Feng could take good care of the baby. → It was said that the baby could be taken good care of by Lin Feng. 六、含有谓语动词know的主动句变为被动语态时，不用by短语，需by改为to。如： We all know the scientist. →The scientist is known to us all. 七、no one、nobody等否定代词作主语的句子变为被动语态时，谓语
一般将来时的被动语态（The Future Passive Voice ） 一、简单回顾一般将来时和被动语态 1、一般将来时 一般将来时表示__________。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。常用的表达形式共有五种： ①助动词will/ shall＋动词原形 1. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。 2. The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。 3. Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿，好吗？ 4. Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开，好吗？ ②be going to＋动词原形 1. We’re going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。 2. Look! It’s going to rain. 瞧！快下雨了。 ③用现在进行时表示将来 表示位置转移的动词（如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等），可用现在进行时表示将来时。如： 1. Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。 2. They’re leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。 ④用一般现在时表示将来 根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如： 1. The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。 2. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去野餐。
主动语态改被动语态的方法 1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面： ①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语； ②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构； ③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况： ①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位； ②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如：He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．）Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．） 3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如：They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning． 4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如：We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang．He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short．They told him to help me．→He was told to help me． 5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如：We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of． 6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．） 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
一、选择题 1．The weatherman says a heavy rain _______ next week. A．expects B．was expected C．will expect D．will be expected 2．This special pen _________ for writing large size words. A．use B．uses C．is using D．is uesd 3．A new zoo in our town center next month. I think it will be a good place for the teenagers to see the animals. A．build B．will build C．will be built 4．—Zheng Yuan, why did you go on a vacation to Weifang? — You know I'm a fan of kites. The international kite festival _____there in April every year. A．is held B．was held C．will be held 5．Fenghua teaching building _______ 17 years ago. A．built B．is built C．builds D．was built 6．—The classroom is very tidy. —Yes . it every day. A．cleaned B．cleans C．is cleaned 7．—Where did you go last night? —I to go to Li Lei’s birthday party. A．asked B．am asked C．have been asked D．was asked 8．The 24th Winter Olympic Games __________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．holds 9．My book ___________ here in two days through the EMS. A．are sent B．is sent C．will be sent D．will send 10．When the new subway__________, it will take me less time to go to school every day. A．will finish B．is finished C．finished D．will be finished 11．—When can we go to watch the football match? —Not until the work________tomorrow. A．will be done B．has done C．is done D．does 12．Two ____ students ____ to the opening ceremony last Friday. A．hundreds; were invited B．hundred; were invited C．hundreds of ; invited D．hundred of; invited 13．Too much water________ every day in the world. We should save it. A．wasted B．are wasted C．is wasted D．was wasted 14．Many shops in China _________ to shut down as a new law against ivory (象牙) trade came into effect on January 1st, 2018. A．ordered B．didn't order C．were ordered D．weren't ordered 15．Which of the following is right? A．He is used to live there.
主动语态变被动语态时所注意的问题1. 把主动语态变为被动语态，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. A new computer have been bought. （错误） 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：
1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 (1) The book was showed to the class. (2) My bike was lent to her. 2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me. (2) The meat was cooked for us. (3) Some country music was played for us. 3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on. T he problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者（受动者）。本单元的语法是一般将来时态的被动语态，现就其用法归纳如下： 一、一般将来时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成： 1．一般将来时态的被动语态的肯定式为：主语+shall / will + be done。(shall 用于第一人称，will用于各种人称) 如：We shall / will be punished if we break the rule. 如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。 The new film will be shown next Thursday. 这部新电影将在下周四上映。 2．一般将来时态的被动语态的否定式为：主语+shall / will + not + be done.（可缩写成shan’t或won’t）如： The meeting won’t be held tomo rrow. 明天不再举行会议。 The exhibition won’t be put off till next week.
展览会将不会推迟到下周。 3．一般将来时态的被动语态的一般疑问句句式：shall / will+主语+be done。（回答用yes或no）如： Won’t water be turned into ice, i f it is below freezing temperature? 如果气温在冰点之下，水难道不会变成冰吗？ ---Will the work be finished at once? ---Yes, it will. ---这项工作会立刻被完成吗？---是的，立刻就完成。 4．一般将来时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词+ shall / will + 主语+ be done。如： When will these books be published? 这些书将在什么时候被出版？ 二、一般将来时态的被动语态的其他结构构成： 1．主语+be going to +be done Some old buildings are going to be put down. 一些旧的楼房将被推倒。 The problem isn’t going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
主动语态变被动语态的方法 1. 基本方法 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)： He stole our money.→Our money w as stolen by him. 【注】(1)若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略： The house was built in 1978. 这座房子是1978年建的。 (2)在转变语态时，要注意保持两种语态时态的一致性： The students will study the problem. →The problem will be studied by the students. A friend of ours is repairing the roof. →The roof is being repaired by a friend of ours. 2. 双宾动词的被动语态 双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，有以下两种情形值得注意： (1)有些双宾动词(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)，也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)。比较： He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。 → She was given some money. / Some money was given to him. He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一快表。 → A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch. (2)有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)： Father made me a doll. → A doll was made for me. He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her. (3)有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语： He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.
一般现在时：V（含单三） 被动：be P.P = be P.P ●一般过去时及其被动语态 一般过去时：V-ed 被动; be P.P = was/were P.P ●一般将来时及其被动语态 一般将来时：will/shall Vr 被动：be P.P = will/shall be P.P ●现在进行时及其被动语态 现在：V 进行：be V-ing 现在进行时：be V-ing 被动：be P.P = be being P.P
现在：V 完成时：have/has P.P 现在完成时：have/has P.P 被动：be P.P = have/has been P.P ●现在完成进行时及其被动语态 现在：V 完成：have/has P.P 进行：be V-ing 现在完成进行时：have/has been V-ing 被动：be P.P = have/has been being P.P ●过去进行时及其被动语态 过去：V-ed 进行：be V-ing 过去进行时：was/were V-ing 被动：be P.P = was/were being P.P
过去：V-ed 完成：have/has P.P 过去完成时：had P.P 被动：be P.P = had been P.P ●过去完成进行时及其被动语态 过去：V-ed 完成：have/has P.P 进行：be V-ing 过去完成进行时：had been V-ing 被动：be P.P = had been being P.P ●将来进行时及其被动语态 将来：will/shall Vr 进行：be V-ing 将来进行时：will/shall be V-ing 被动：be P.P = will/shall be being P.P
主动语态变被动语态专题练习 一、将下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态 1.Teachers must take good care of the student. 2. Was another man-made satellite sent up into the space by them last week. 3.People plant many trees on either side of the street each year. 4.Li Lei mended the bike. 5. A famous American writer wrote the book Red Star Over China years ago. 6.Two years ago we used that machine to make shoes for children. 7. Ken is often heard to apologize to his teacher. 8.People there didn’t plant any trees last year. 9. We call him David. 10.We will plant some trees in the garden this year. 11. Do young people usually listen to pop music? 12.We should help the disabled people. 13. Jenny showed me the picture. 14.My mother gave me a dictionary as a birthday present.
一般将来时被动语态练习 1. English ____________ (speak) by the most people in the world. 2. A new building _____________ (build) in our school next year. 3. The foreign friends ____________（give）a warm welcome at the meeting tomorrow. 4. How many athletes ____________（send）to take part in the 2008 Olympic Games 5. A new plan _____________________（discuss）yesterday. 6. If more time _______ (give) to me, the problem will be worked out. 7. When the school is set up, the poor children _________ (educate) there. 8. If you_______________ (allow) to go to the concert, all of you will, too. 9.A new film will shown at the cinema next week.（改错） More and more students will study in our school, so it_____________ (become) much larger. The engineers________________________ (design) a project now. A new building ________________ ( set) up. The playground _________________ (rebuild). New equipment (buy) when the project______________ (finish). More books (keep) in the library. We can_________ (enjoy) reading in the bright reading room. There _____________ (be) many trees and flowers in the school. We _______________ (see) a beautiful and modern school next year.一般将来时的其他结构 mother is going to tell the baby a story.（主动） The baby is going to be told a story (by the mother).（被动） 2. Kelly is about to sing us a song at the party.（主动） A song is about to be sung for us (by Kelly) at the party.（被动） 3. Tokyo is to hold the 32nd Olympic Games in 2020.（主动） The 32nd Olympic Games is to be held in Tokyo in 2020.(被动) 归纳：1）be going to do 的被动语态________________________表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。（例句1） 2）be about to do 的被动语态是__________________________表示即将发生的动作。(例句2) 3）be to do 的被动语态是__________________________(例句3)
主动语态变被动语态的几种类型 一、含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构 有些动词，如give，tell，buy等，在句中作谓语时可有两个宾语，又称双宾语，即“间接宾语+直接宾语”结构形式。含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。一般是主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。如果直接宾语变为被动结构的主语，间接宾语之前应加介词to（可省去）或for（一般不可省）。如： 1 . My mother gave me a pen.~I was given a pen by my mother.或：A pen was given (to) me by my mother.（介词to 可省略） 2 .He told her a long story.~She was told a long story.或：A long story was told (to) her.（介词to可省略） 3.Father bought me a new coat.~I was bought a new coat.或：A new coat was bought for me.（介词for不可省略）注意：被动句中强调间接宾语时，其前的介词to 不可省去。如： This apple is given to me, not to you.这个苹果是给我的，而不是给你的。 二、含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构 复合宾语指的是“宾语+宾语补足语（简称宾补）”这一结构形式。含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，只将主动结构中的宾
语变为被动结构的主语，宾语补足语保留不动。可充当宾语补足语的有名词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、介词短语等等。如： 1.They call her Xiao Li.(主动结构，宾补为名词Xiao Li )~She is called Xiao LI.(被动结构) 2.They chose Tom monitor.（主动结构，宾补为名词monitor）~Tom was chosen monitor.（被动结构） 3.He told me to wait for you.（主动结构，宾补为不定式短语to wait for you）~I was told to wait for you.（被动语态） 4.I found him lying on the floor.（主动结构，宾补为现在分词短语lying on the floor)~He was found lying on the floor.（被动结构） 注意：在主动语态的句子中，谓语动词make的宾语补足语如果由动词不定式充当，则该动词不定式不带to。感官动词see，hear，watch等，也有这种用法。但当谓语动词是let时，其被动结构后的不定式仍不带to。例如： They made him go.（主动结构，宾补为不带to的不定式go)~He was made to go.（被动语态） They let John go.（主动结构）~John was let go.（被动结构） 三、含情态动词的主动结构变为被动结构
一般将来时的被动语态教案 一、教学目标 知识目标：让学生在初中被动语态学习的基础上认识学习一般将来时被动语态的结构和用法。 能力目标：通过演绎归纳法让学生能够结合真实语境正确应用一般将来时被动语态。 情感目标: 在学习过程中，让学生学会探究合作，小组讨论等，以培养学生的集体合作精神；并且能够产生对于英语语法的兴趣。 二、重点难点 如何让学生更好的掌握一般将来时被动语态的结构和用法以及如何培养学生自主学 习和提高学生对于语法学习的兴趣。 三、学情分析 学生在初中阶段已经学习了被动语态，但是并没有将将来时被动语态单独提出来讲解，所以可能会有所混淆。更有甚者，可能有些学生将被动和主动都没有分清楚。 四、教学方法 演绎归纳教学和任务型教学 五、教学过程 Step1 Grammar revision Ask students what the form of the passive voice is and show them on the blackboard. 基本结构：be + p.p. 一般现在时被动语态：am/is /are + p.p. 现在进行时被动语态：am/is/are + being + p.p. Then ask students to fill in the following blank with correct passive voice. 1.Their house _________(paint) and they have to live in their parents home. 2.Visitors _________ (request) not to take photos here. 3.In some parts of the world, tea _______(serve) with milk and sugar. 4. A new railway ________(build) at present. Step2 Grammar learning 1.Show some sentences which use the future passive voice and ask students to observe the underlined parts. 1)The 31th Olympic Games will be held in Rio de Janeiro in 2016. 2)Many athletes are going to be sent to there to compete for medals. 3)These desks and chairs are to be repaired tomorrow. 2.Ask the students what tense is used in these sentences. And then tell them they use the future passive voice. Show the form of the future passive voice on the blackboard. 将来时被动语态：shall/will + be + p.p.或者am/is/are + be to + p.p. 或者am/is/are + going to be + p.p. 3.Ask students to turn back to page9-10, and try to find the sentences which use the future passive voice from pre-reading and reading. If necessary, they can translate the sentences into Chinese. 4.Finish Exercise2 on page 13 and learn about the rule for the Olympic Games. Step3 Practice 1. I promise that this matter _____ next week. A. will be taken care B. will take care of
被动语态 语态概述英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。女口: Many people speak English.谓语：speak 的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，女口：“他的自行车被偷了。”，再如：English is spoken by many people.主语English 是动词speak的承受者。 判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？ He ope ned the doo他开了门。( ____________ ) The door was ope ned'.l 被开了。 ( ____________ ) 二、被动语态的构成：be动词+Vp.p 被动特点强调宾，用be加上过去分。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。 1. English is ___________ (speak in Canada. 2. The blouse is ___________ (make) of silk. 3. English is ___________ (speak by many people. 谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。 1. Some stamps were _________ (steal) last week. 2. The PRC was __________ (found) on October 1, 1949. 3. Football is __________ (play) in most middle schools. 被动语态须留意，P.P前面助动be. be + P.P am (is,are) 现在时，am (is,are) +P.P was和were 表过去。was (were) +P.P 完成have (has) been。have (has) been+P.P 将来，情态，be原形。will (can,may,mus) be+P.P 进行时态两个be,前表时态后加ing。am (is,are) +being+P.P 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。三?几种常用时态的被动语态—— 1. 一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词 肯定句：Bikes are __________ (sell) in that shop. 否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop. 疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. 2. —般过去时：was/were+过去分词 肯定句：He was __________ （save）in 1999.
主动语态与被动语态● 一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 ●二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 ●三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例: ●1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ worked ●2. 一般过去时: was / were+ worked●3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ worked ●4. 过去将来时: should / would+ worked ●5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ worked ●6. 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked 7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked 8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked 9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked 10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked 11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked 12. 情态动词(can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词 ●四.用法： ●当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
五. 方法： ●Many people speak English.(主动语态) ●English is spoken by many people.（被动语态） 六.注意以下问题： ● A.带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc. 用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc. ●eg. ●1. Mary gave him some books. ●He was given some books by Mary. ●Some books were given to him by Mary. ●2. Her father bought her a new bike. ●She was bought a new bike by her father. ● A new bike was bought for her by her father. ●B.带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。
讲义编号 掌握八种基本时态的被动语态的构成及其基本用法。 教学目标 掌握带有情态动词的句子的被动语态。 1、英语中各种时态的被动语态形式 重点、难点 2、主动形式表示被动意义的用法 考点及考试要求主动形式表示被动意义的用法 教学内容 一、导入 被动语态 (Passive Voice)与英语中的动词的时(Tense）、体 (Aspect）、态 (Voice)、式 ( Mood). 1、被动语态的概念及用法 （1）概念：语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者（施动者），被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者（受动者）或者 说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的。 例如： They plant flowers in the garden. （主动语态） 主语谓语宾语状语 Flowers are planted by them in the garden. (被动语态 ) 主语谓语宾语状语 （ 2）用法： ①不知道谁是动作的执行者( 即不知道谁做 ) 时用被动语态, 省略 by 短语。 ②不说或者众所周知是谁做时, 用被动语态 , 省略 by 短语。 ③强调动作的承受者, 句尾加 by 短语。 （口诀：谁做动作不知道，说出谁做没必要，动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。） 2、被动语态的构成：“助动词 be+动词的过去分词”。助动词 be 随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。 被动语态的各种时态形式如下： 主动被动 一般过去时 一般现在时 一般将来时 一般过去将来
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现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 （口诀：被动语态 be 字变，过去分词跟后面。 ） 3. 主动语态和被动语态的转换： （ 1）主动语态变被动语态（一般情况） ：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾格变成主格。谓语动词变为 被动结构（ be+过去分词）。主动语态中的主语放在介词 b y 后做宾语，主格变为宾格。 （口诀 : 宾变主，主变宾， by 短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动， be 后“过分”来使用） 。 例如： He mended the bike yesterday. （主动语态） 主语 谓语 宾语 The bike was mended by him yesterday. （被动语态） 主语 谓语 宾语 （ 2）情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句，由“情态动词 +be+过去分词”构成。 （注意：原来带 to 的情态动词变被动语态后，仍然保留。 ） 例如： We have to look after the dog . (主动语态 ) 主语 谓语 宾语 The dog has to be looked after by us. (被动语态 ) 主语 谓语 宾语 (3) 含有宾语补足语的被动语态：含有宾语补足语的句子，宾语变成主语后，宾语补足语改为主语补足语。 例如： We keep food cold in the fridge. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 The food is kept cold in the fridge by us. 主语 谓语 主补 宾语 （注意：有些动词或动词词组在主动语态中用不 带 to 的不定式作补足语，但在被动语态中要加上 , 这些动词 to 是“ 5 看 3 使 2 听 1 感 觉”： ） look at, see, watch, notice, observe; make, let, have; listen to, hear; feel 例 如： .( 主动 ) I heard someone come up the stairs . （被动） Someone was heard to come up the stairs （ 4）带双宾语的动词， 如 give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, sell, buy, ask, pay, borrow, lend, hand, offer, provide, past, get, promise 等，变成被动语态时有两种方法： 例如： I have given him the book.