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大学英语四级简答题的题型分析及解题技巧

大学英语四级简答题的题型分析及解题技巧
大学英语四级简答题的题型分析及解题技巧

大学英语四级简答题的题型分析及解题技巧

作者:佚名文章来源:本站整理点击数

57 更新时间:2009-2-13 12:12:42 文章录入:admin 责任编辑:admin

编者小语:阅读理解简答题属主观题。它考核的是学生综合应用语言的能力,考查学生是否能够在读懂原文的基础上,用笔头表达出对原文中各种信息的理解。简答题容易得分,也容易失分,得满分更难!因此,掌握一

些做题技巧与规律是很有必要的!

简答题原文材料的长度和语言难度一般都与阅读理解部分的短文相似,长度为300词左右。文后有5个问题。问题的形成可以是问答式,也可以是未完成句的形式,要求每题的答案不得超过10个单词,每题2分,共计

10分。

自1996年8月份公布新题型以来,简答题分别在1997年1月、1999年1月、1999年6月的四级考试中出现过三次。从对三套题的试卷分析看,简答题的命题呈以下特点:

1.体裁以议论文和说明文为主,所考三套题中议论文两篇,说明文一篇。这说明这两种体裁的文章能够较全面地考查考生的语言运用能力和理解能力,出题也可以达到一定深度。

2.题型较为集中。在3篇共15个问题中,考细节的题共12个,其余三个问题为主旨题(S1/1996.6)、推理题(S5/1999.6)和语义题(S5/1999.1)。

3.提问方式大多以wh-question为主。在15个问题中,wh-question共12个,占80%。从以上特征可

以看出,简答题以考细节为主。

简答题的题型分析和解题思路

简答题常见题型有以下四类。

1.细节类问题

由于简答题的宗旨在于重点考查考生的语言基本功及概括能力,所以一般来讲,简答题的细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处。但关键是如何从答案出处中归纳出问题的答案,因为简答题要求考生既要用简短的语言,又不能原封不动地照搬原文的整句话,所以此类题看似简单,但要得满分也不是那么容易。

解答此类题型,首先要把答案找准,即找到问题中的关键词(线索词)在文章中的大体位置,并尽可能地

缩小概括范围,然后再根据要求组织答案。

比如99年6月份简答题的第二题就属于细节题,问题为:Why did Marge and her husband think it an extravagance for Marge to go back to work?以该问题中的关键词extravagance为线索,回到原文的第二段,再根据原文中的表达“...was an extravagance we couldn't afford”进一步追索到答案在原文第二段最后一句:With two preschool children,it soon became clear in their figuring that with baby-sitte rs(临时照看小孩的人),transportation,and increased taxes,rather than having more money,they

might actually end up with less.

组织答案时,要注意以下几点:

(1)答案形式要符合提问方式。

原文中提问方式为“why”,那么就用Because引导的从句回答。

(2)概括要简洁、准确,不要拖泥带水。

要回答此问题,必须对第二段最后一句的信息进行概括。如果Marge去工作,那么她就得为baby-sitter,transportation,increased taxes花钱,而且“rather than having more money,they might actually end u p with less.”这些信息可概括为spend more或more spending。

(3)注意语言表达符合语法。

本题所问内容,从Marge和她丈夫角度讲,是没发生的事,即回答的内容与事实相反,故要用虚拟语气。

参考答案为:

①Because they would spend more than their earnings.

②Because their earnings wouldn't cover the spending.

③Because they couldn't afford the extra payments of double-worker family.

2.推断类试题

这种类型题目的答案在原文中是找不到的,它要求考生进行合理的推断,当然这种推断并非无源之水。文章中的某些用词、语气具有隐含意义(implied meaning),考生要做的只是将这种隐含意义读出来。例如,1

996年6月简答题的最后一题就属于推断类试题。

S5:If given a second chance,the writer would probably choose to _______ .作者在原文最后一段说:“the decision to go back to work is made in too much haste.There are few decisions that I now regret more.”从这句话中可以体会出作者对自己以前所做的外出工作的决定甚为

遗憾,文章最后一句又表示,但愿能享受一下和小女在一起看世界的奢侈。如果再有一次机会,她会如何选择

就不言自明了。

此题的参考答案为:

①stay home with her little girl

②stay home and enjoy family life

③stay home and have more time with her family

答案①是最简洁准确的答案。②、③和①相比则更具概括性。

3.主旨类试题

对于此类试题,第一步是找出概括文章中心思想的主题句,但主题句原文不能成为主旨题的答案,考生还需将主题句重新归纳总结。否则,照抄原句是要扣分的。然而,并不是所有的主旨类试题都能在原文中找到主题句。对于原文中没有提供主题句的主旨题,就需要考生概括对文章的理解,自己归纳总结答案。

比如1999年6月四级考试的简答题的第1题:

S1:Which word in the first two paragraphs best explains why many women have to work?

这道题就是主旨类题。将第一段和第二段概括起来可知,对许多妇女来说,不上班是一种奢侈,只有上班,她们才能生存(survive)。原文第一段提出了论点,第二段展开论证。原文的第一段为:“For many women choosing whether to work or not to work out- side their home is a luxury:they must work to survi ve.Others face a hard decision.”在第一段中,特征标点符号冒号引起我们的注意,其后内容应是本段重

点内容,果然survive是答案。

4.语义题

语义题的出题目的在于考查考生转述(paraphrase)或解释(explain)某个词或语句在特定场合下的特定含义的能力。该题型要求考生不仅要读懂原文,而且要表达出来。

解答这种题型时,可注意找出原词在文章中的同义代换词,如果没有,还应注意破折号、同位语从句、定

语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。

如99年1月简答题的第5题便是语义判断题型。题目为:

S5:The phrase“the linguistically oppressed”refers to those who were _______ .

解题时可根据题干回到原文第4段:

An ongoing research project,funded by the university of Cambridge,asked a sample of teachers,educators and employers in more than 40countries whether they regarded the native/non-native spe akers distinction as being at all important.“No”was the answer.As long as candidates could teach a nd had the required level of English,it didn't matter who they were and where they came from .T hus,a new form of discrimination—this time justified because it singled out the unqualified—liberated the linguistically oppressed(受压迫的).But the Cambridge project did more than just that:it confir med that the needs of native and non- native teachers are extremely similar.答案细节部分在倒数第2句,破折号部分需重点研究,显然“linguistically oppressed”与a new form of discrimination及unqualified有关,那么进一步研究一些教师受到discrim- ination的原因是他们是non-nativ

e speakers,再结合题意及对原文理解,便可顺利得到答案:

①qualified but discriminated as non-native English teachers

②qualified but discriminated because of their non-native status

③qualified non-native English teachers

简答题常见错误分析及解题技巧

简答题的评分原则“评分时应同时考虑内容和语言”,也就是说,内容和语言上的错误是导致失分的主要原因。内容上出现问题的主要表现是答案不完整或答非所问。其原因在于:(1)没有找到答案出处;(2)没有注意问题要求;(3)受字数限制,在答案组织上有所疏漏。语言方面的错误大体有两类:(1)语法错误。如主谓不一致、词汇搭配不当、时态与原文不对应、句型使用不当等;(2)语言形式错误,如拼写错误、大

小写、标点符号误用、不符合答题规范等。

现将做简答题的解题技巧和应试策略归纳如下:

1.读懂问题,查找线索。为了减少或避免在内容错误上失分,考生可先读懂问题,后浏览全文,并在文中标出问题中的线索词,以保证其答案至少在内容上能够做到完整无缺。

2.语言简练、准确,概括性强。为了不致于忘掉字数限制,考生可将答案写在试卷提供的横线上,一条横线对应一个字,也可采用一些小技巧进行形式上的浓缩,比如,可利用缩写,将could not缩写为couldn't;把两个词合成一个复合词,比如double-worker;尽量用词或短语代替句子,尽量用简单句代替复合句等。当然解决问题的关键是使自己的语言有概括性,比如:对同类现象找出共性,进行概括。

3.学会抓关键词。一篇文章的关键词构成语篇的精髓,抓住了关键词,不仅有助于理解文章,而且表达上也能言简意赅,正确选用关键词比自己去组织答案要准确、简练得多,也省时省力。1999年6月简答题的第1题,就是从原文中找到了一个关键词survive使答案准确而简练。

4.注意提问方式和答案的协调性。不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答,不能仅仅为了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形式上的对应。例如:就目的提问,答案就应当用表示目的的用语,如for短语,不定式短语;就原因提问,答案就应当用because of短语或because从句;提问词是what,只能用名词或名词性短语、名词性从句来回答。掌握这一原则有助于增强考生回答题目的针对性。

5.避免语言错误。组织答案要认真细致,避免使用不熟悉的句型、词汇或短语,尽可能利用原文中的关键词语回答问题。要避免语言形式错误,如拼写错误、标点符号错误、大小写,特别是回答问题时要注意首字母要大写。未完成句要注意全句结构是否一致。同时避免语法错误,要注意主谓是否一致、时态与原文是否对应等。总之,简答题基于理解,重在表达,简答题要精炼概括,言简意赅。简答题的答案要体现“简”与“准”二

字。

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180招,招招管让孩子爱上学习 一、使孩子主动做功课 你的孩子很听话,是一匹温顺的马儿,但人们常常这么说“能够把马带到河边去,却不能让马儿喝水”。的确,除非马儿很渴,不然,即使能够把它带到水边去,也不能让他主动喝水。 第一招,做作业的时间不宜过长。 第二招,放大孩子的优点。 第三招,学习不可操之过急。 第四招,让他把喜欢的女孩带回家。 第五招,先让孩子玩个够 第六招,刺激她,使他全力以赴。 第七招,正话反说。 第八招,经常改变学习环境。 第九招,列一个功课计划表。 第十招,先让孩子做擅长的功课。 第十一招,让孩子自己抽签决定。 第十二招,别在孩子面前评判老师 二、如何使孩子听话懂事 在与孩子沟通时,一定要认真聆听他说话,让他感到父母对他的重视与尊重,这样孩子小小的自尊心就会被树立起来,他也会在与大人的谈话中,认真思考自己想的和做的,表达自己的意见,这对孩子的理性思维习惯也有良好的帮助。当然大人在和孩子交流的时候,也应该注意一些细节,这样才能比较迅速的和孩子进行良好的沟通。 第一招,借第三者之口赞美孩子。 第二招,用书信或日记与孩子交流情感。 第三招,用温和的语调交谈。 第四招,及时让孩子知道错在哪里。 第五招,巧妙转移孩子的注意力。 第六招,与孩子打成一片。 第七招,一次只交待一件事。 第八招,常常表达对孩子的信赖。 第九招,只提有建设性的意见。 第十招,不要指责遭到挫败的孩子。 第十一招,及时纠正孩子不良的生活细节。 第十二招,多用赞赏的话肯定孩子。 三、如何引导孩子自动自觉 有一种饱和原则,就是孩子们惯有的厌烦心情。虽然强烈的想拥有目的,也能够体会把事情做完的乐趣,但是因为课程繁多在内心产生阻力,无法持续主动地去做事,如果把要求的水准降低,课业的份量减少,继续培养孩子在低潮时的活力,那么他们在低潮过后,又会升起责任心,更主动地去做功课. 第一招,适当降低对孩子的要求 第二招,先让孩子做不喜欢的科目 第三招,用同一步调增强主动行动力 第四招,让孩子先吃点苦 第五招,兴趣是最好的老师 第六招,母亲的激励最重要

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