高中英语阅读集锦（一）
1 2012北京卷
A
The Basics of Math—Made Clear
Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.
The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.
Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing—and completely understandable—field of study.
By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.
Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational T elevision as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.
With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.
If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.
56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?
A. Algebra.
B. College Mathematics.
C. Arithmetic.
D. Mathematics Education.
57. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math?
A. Stronger imaginative ability.
B. Additional presentation skills.
C. More mathematical confidence.
D. Greater chances of becoming teachers.
58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel?
A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television.
B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math.
C. He works in Georgia State University.
D. He specializes in training teachers.
59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?
A. A news report.
B. A book review
C. A lesson plan.
D. An advertisement
2 2012全国卷
A
Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids （孩子）to? Try some of these places:
·Visit art museums．They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest．Many offer workshops for making land-made pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings by children's
favorite writer, and even musical performances and other arts
·Head to a natural history museum．This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur（恐龙）models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky．Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up．·Go to a Youtheater．Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors．Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts- Puppet（木偶）making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find．
·Try hands-on science．Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country．These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike．They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building．When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums．56．If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit
A．a Youtheater
B．an art museum
C．a natural history museum
D．a hands-on science museum
57．What can kids do at a Youtheater?
A．Look at rock collections．
B．See dinosaur models．
C．Watch puppet making．
D．Give performances．
58．What does "hands-on science" mean in the last paragraph?
A．Science games designed by kids．
B．Learning science by doing things．
C．A show of kids' science work．
D．Reading science books．
59．Where does this text probably come from?
A．A science textbook．
B．A tourist map．
C．A museum guide．
D．A news report．
3 2012上海卷
(A)
Phil White has just returned from an 18,000-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised ~70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White's second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.
White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle（车座）and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.
The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For 1,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.
65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he________.
A. broke the world record
B. collected money for Oxfam
C. destroyed several bikes
D. travelled about 1,300 hours
66. What does the word "epic" in Paragraph l most probably mean
A. Very slow but exciting.
B. Very long and difficult.
C. Very smooth but tiring.
D. Very lonely and depressing.
67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _______.
A. fought heroically against robbers in Iran
B. experienced the extremes of heat and cold
C. managed to ride against the wind in Australia
D. had a team of people who travelled with him
68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?
A. Imaginative.
B. Patriotic.
C. Modest.
D. Determined.
4 2012安徽卷
A
Welcome to one of the lagest collections of footwear（鞋类）in the world that will make you green with envy. Here at the Footwear Museum you can see exhibits（展品）from all over the world. You can find out about shoes worn by everyong from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars.
56. Where would you find a famous singer’s shoes?
A. Room1.
B. Room 2.
C. Room3.
D. The Footwear Library
57. All exhibits in each room .
A. share the same theme
B. have the same shape
C. are made of the same material
D. belong to the same social class
58. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. The oldest exhibits in Room 1 were made in the 1950s.
B. Room 2 is the most visited place in the museum.
C. Room 3 has a richer variety of exhibits than the other two.
D. Researchers come to the Footwear Library for data.
59. The purpose of the text is to get more people to .
A. do research
B. design shoes
C. visit the museum
D. follow celebrities
5 2012福建卷
A
Some people believe that a Robin Hood is at work，others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his or her fortune before dying. But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes，accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city
believe in fairytales (童话）.
The first envelope was sent to a victim support group. It contained €10，000 with a cutting from the Braunschiveiger Zeitung about how the group supported a woman who was robbed of her handbag; similar plain white anonymous (匿名）envelopes, each containing €10,000, then arrived at a kindergarten and a church.
The envelopes keep coming, and; so far at least €190,000 has been distributed. Last month, one of them was sent to the newspaper 's own office. It came after a story it published about Tom, a 14-year-old boy who was severely disabled in a swimming accident. The receptionist at the Braunschiveiger Zeitung opened an anonymous white envelope to find 20 notes of € 500 inside with a copy of the article. The name of the family was underlined.
“I was driving when I heard the news," Claudia Neumann, the boy's mother, told Der Spiegel magazine. “I had to park on the side of the road; I was speechless."
The money will be used to make the entrance to their house wheelchair-accessible and for a course of treatment that their insurance company refused to pay for.
"For someone to act so selflessly, for this to happen in such a society in which everyone thinks of himself, was astonishing," Mrs. Neumann said. Her family wonder whether the donator is a Robin Hood character, taking from banks to give to the needy.
Henning Noske，the editor of the Braunschiveiger Zeitung, said: "Maybe it is an old person who is about to die. We just do not know." However, he has told his reporters not to look for the city's hero, for fear that discovery may stop the donations.
56. The Braunschiveiger Zeitung is the name of ______.
A. a church
B. a bank
C. a newspaper
D. a magazine
57. Which of the following is TRUE about the donation to Tom?
A. The donation amounted to €190,000.
B. The donation was sent directly to his house.
C. The money will be used for his education.
D. His mother felt astonished at the donation.
58. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A. the donator is a rich old man
B. the donation will continue to come
C. the donation comes from the newspaper
D. the donator will soon be found out
59. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Money Is Raised by the Newspaper.
B. Newspaper Distributes Money to the Needy.
C. Unknown Hero Spreads Love in Envelopes
D. Robin Hood Returns to the City
6 2012广东卷
A
“Have a nice day!” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.
“Have a nice day. Next!” This version of the expression is spoken by a s alesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words came out in the same tone (腔调) with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attemp t to increase business.
The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we d on’t know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? I’m terribly sorry, but have a nice day.”
The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart- warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you.
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
26.How does the author understand Maxie’s words?
A. Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.
B. Maxie really wishes the author a good day.
C. Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.
D. Maxie really worries about the author’s security.
27.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. The sales-girl is rude.
B. The sales-girl is bored.
C. The sales-girl cares about me.
D. The sales-girl says the words as a routine.
28.By saying “Have a nice day,” a stranger may _____.
A. try to be polite to you
B. express respect to you
C. give his blessing to you
D. share his pleasure with you
29.According to the last paragraph, people say “Have a nice day”_______.
A. sincerely
B. as thanks
C. as a habit
D. encouragingly
30.What is the best title of the passage?
A. Have a Nice Day—a Social Custom
B. Have a Nice Day—a Pleasant Gesture
C. Have a Nice Day—a Heart-warming Greeting
D. Have a Nice Day—a Polite Ending of a Conversation
7 2012湖北卷
A
You’ve just come home, after living abroad for a few years. Since you’ve been away, has this country changed for the better—or for the worse?
If you’ve just arrived back in the UK after a fortnight’s holiday, small changes have probably
surprised you—anything from a local greengrocer suddenly being replaced by a mobile-phone shop to someone in your street moving house.
So how have things changed to people coming back to Britain after seven, ten or even 15 years living abroad? What changes in society can they see that the rest of us have hardly noticed—or now take for granted? To find out, we asked some people who recently returned.
Debi: When we left, Cheltenham, my home town, was a town of white, middle-class families—all very conservative (保守的). The town is now home to many eastern Europeans and lots of Australians, who come here mainly to work in hotels and tourism. There are even several shops only for foreigners.
Having been an immigrant (移民) myself, I admire people who go overseas to find a job. Maybe if I lived in an inner city where unemployment was high, I’d think differently, but I believe foreign settlers have improved this country because they’re more open-minded and often work harder than the natives.
Christine: As we flew home over Britain, both of us remarked how green everything looked. But the differences between the place we’d left behind and the one we returned to were brought sharply into focus as soon as we landed.
To see policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frightening—in Cyprus, they’re very relaxed—and I got pulled over by customs officers just for taking a woolen sweater with some metal-made buttons out of my case in the arrivals hall. Everyone seemed to be on guard. Even the airport car-hire firm wanted a credit card rather than cash because they said their vehicles had been used by bank robbers.
But anyway, this is still a green, beautiful country. I just wish more people would appreciate what they’ve got.
51. After a short overseas holiday, people tend to _______.
A. notice small changes
B. expect small changes
C. welcome small changes
D. exaggerate small changes
52. How does Debi look at the foreign settlers?
A. Cautiously.
B. Positively.
C. Sceptically.
D. Critically.
53. When arriving at the airport in Britain, Christine was shocked by _______.
A. the relaxed policemen
B. the messy arrivals hall
C. the tight security
D. the bank robbers
54. Which might be the best title for the passage?
A. Life in Britain.
B. Back in Britain.
C. Britain in Future.
D. Britain in Memory.
8 2012湖南卷
A.
What makes a gift special? Is it the price you see on the gift receipt? Or is it the look on the recipient's face when they receive it that determines the true value? What gift is worth the most?
This Christmas I was debating what to give my father. My dad is a hard person to buy for because he never wants anything. I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked. The message was from my father. My eyes fell on a photo of a flower taken in Wyoming. and underneath a poem by William Blake. The flower, a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky, inspired me. My dad had been reciting those words to me since I was a kid. That may even be the reason why I love writing. I decided that those words would be my gift to my father.
I called back. I told my mom to go without me and that I already created my gift. I sent the photo of the cream-colored flower to my computer and typed the poem on top of it. As I was arranging the details another poem came to mind. The poem was written by Edgar Allan Poe; my dad recited it as much as he did the other. I typed that out as well and searched online for a background to the words of it. The poem was focused around dreaming, and after searching I found the perfect picture. The image was painted with blues and greens and purples, twisting together to create the theme and wonder of a dream. As I watched both poems passing through the printer, the white paper coloring with words that shaped my childhood. I felt that this was a gift that my father would truly appreciate.
Christmas soon arrived. The minute I saw the look on my dad's face as he unwrapped those swirling black letters carefully placed in a cheap frame, I knew I had given the perfect gift.
56. The idea for a special gift began to form when the author was______.
A. doing shopping
B. having a debate
C. reading a message
D. leaving for Wyoming
57. The author's inspiration for the gift came from_____.
A. a photo of a flower
B. a story about a kid
C. a call from the mother
D. a text about Christmas
58. The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refers to a poem by_____.
A. the father
B. the author
C. William Blake
D. Edgar Allan Poe
59. The author made the gift by_____.
A. searching for the poems online
B. drawing the background by hand
C. painting the letters in three colors
D. matching the words with pictures
60. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To show how to design images for gifts.
B. To suggest making gifts from one's heart.
C. To explain how computers help create gifts.
D. To describe the gifts the author has received
9 2012江苏卷
A
56. According to the survey, people left alone on a desert island would most want their__________.
A. MP3 player
B. dog
C. spouse/ partner
D. celebrity
57. Which of the following is true about George Clooney?
A. He has been trained in wilderness survival.
B. He may not be able to help you survive.
C. He does not think Roseane is beautiful.
D. He is the choice of most South African women.
58. The survey results are analyzed in term s of the respondents’ __________.
A. sex, age and nationality
B. race, nationality and sex
C. marriage, age and race
D. age, sex and marriage
10 2012江西卷
A
Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father’s wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.
“Dad will be really mad if he finds out you’ve been playing with his new computer.” Jason said, “He told us not to touch it.”
“He won’t find out.” Mark said, “I’ll just have a quick look and shut it down.”
Mark had been scolded before for touching his father’s equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.
“It was a strange-looking machine –one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. “It’s an experimental model,”his father had explained, “so don’t touch it under any circumstances.” But his warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into colors, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.”
“Yes!” Mark cried excitedly, “It’s a computer game. I knew it! Dad’s only been pretending to work. He’s really been playing games instead.” A new message appeared on the screen:
“ENTER NAMES
VOYAGER 1: …
VOYAGER 2: …”
Mark’s fingers flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names.
“INPUT ACCEPTED. START TRANSPORT PROGRAM. AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED（自动回收程序已启动）.”
The screen turned even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.
“I think we’d better shut it off, Mark,” Jason yelled, reaching for the power switch. He was really frightened.
But his hand never reached the switch. A single beam of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow (光芒), until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed.
“TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL. DESTINATION: MARS. RETRIEVE DATE: 2025.”
56．Why did Mark touch the computer against his father’s warning?
A．He wanted to take a voyage. B．He wanted to practice his skill
C．He was so much attracted by it. D．He was eager to do an experiment. 57．Where did the boy’s father most likely work?
A．In an electronic factory. B．In a computer company.
C．In a scientific research center. D．In an information processing center. 58．Mark thought “SPACE TRANSPORTER” on the screen was the name of .
A．a computer game B．a company website
C．a software producer D．an astronomy program
59．Why did Jason want to shut off the computer?
A．He was afraid of being scolded.
B．He didn’t like the loud noise and light.
C．He didn’t want to play games any more.
D．He was afraid something dangerous might happen.
60．What happened to the boys at the end of the story?
A．They were blown into the air. B．They were sent to another planet.
C．They were hidden in the strong light. D．They were carried away to another country
11 A辽宁
Mini Book Excerpts（节选）
Biography
When Salinger learned that a car park was to be built on the land,the middle-aged writer was shocked and quickly bought the netghboring area to protect it…The townspeople never forgot the rescue and came to help their most famous neighbor.
J. D. Sulinger：A Life by Kenneth Slawenski（Random House,$27）Mystery（疑案小说）
“You’re a smart boy. Benny’s death was no accident, and you’re the only who saw it happen. Do you think the murderer should get away with it ? ”The boy was starting stubbornly at his lap again.
A thought suddenly occerred to Annika,“Did you …You recognized the man in the car,didn’t you?”
The boy hesitated, twisting his fingers,“Maybe,”he said quitely.
Red Wolf by Liza Marklund（Atria Books, $25. 99）
Short Stories
She wants to say to him what she has learmed,none of it in class. Some women are borm stupid,and some women are too smart for their own good. Some women are born to give ,and some women only know how to take. Some women learn who they want to be from their mothers,some who they don’t want to be. Some mothers suffer so their daughters won’t. Some mothers love so their daughters won’t.
You Are Free by Danzy Senna （Riverhead Books,$15）
Humor
Do your kids like to have fun? Come to Fun Times! Do you like to watch your kids having fun? Bring them to Fun Times! Fun Times!’s “amusement cycling”is the most fun you can have,legally,in the United States right now. Why spend thousands of dollars flying to Disney World when you can speng less than half to that within a day’s drive lf most cities?
Happy And Other Bad Thoughts by Larry Doyle（Ecco,$14. 99）
56. If the readers want to know about the lite of Salinger , they should buy the book published by
.
A. Ecco
B. Atria Books
C. Riverhead Books
D. Random House
57. The book Hbppy And Other Bad Thoughts is intended for .
A. young children
B. Disney World workers
C. middle school teachers
D. parents with young children
58. Which book describes women with characters of their own?
A. Happy And Other Bad Thoughts
B. J. D. Salinger:A Life
C. You Are Free
D. Red Wolf
59. After finishing the book Red Wolf, the readers would learn that .
A. the boy helped arrest the murderer
B. Benny died of an accident
C. the murderer got away with the crime
D. Ammika carried out the crime
12 山东
A
The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru’s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence — other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru’s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐)on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem — their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
56. What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To seek help for Nauru’s problems.
B. To give a warning to other countries
C. To show the importance of money
D. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.
57. What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?
A. Rich and powerful
B. Modern and open
C. Peaceful and attractive
D. Greedy and aggressive
58. The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from _______.
A. soil pollution
B. phosphate overmining
C. farming activity
D. whale hunting
59. Which of the following was a cause of Nauru’s financial problem?
A. Its leaders misused the money
B. It spent too much repairing the island
C. Its phosphate mining cost much money
D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
60. What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?
A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair.
B. The leaders will take the experts’ words seriously.
C. The island was abandoned by the Nauruans
D. The phosphate mines were destroyed
13 陕西
A
What brings a nation together? Of the four choices
— shared values, language, history, and religion, it’
s shared values. In our latest poll (民意调査), seven
out of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor
(因索）bringing a nation together, and six preferred
language. Both choices scored high in the poll,
suggesting that our values and how we express them are
closely linked Still, history was not forgotten in some
countries, particularly in Mexico and Russia. Even
Canada and the United States chose national histories
as the second-most important factor uniting their
people. The biggest surprise? Not one country picked religion as its top choice.
46. According to the poll, what was the most important factor in bringing a nation together?
A. Language.
B. Values.
C. History.
D. Religion.
47.In which country did language score the lowest in their national pride?
A. Canada.
B. Mexico.
C. France.
D. America.
48.According to the charts, shared values and language were considered equally important in .
A. Australia
B. Brazil
C. China
D. India
14 上海
(A)
Phil White has just returned from an 18,000-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised ~70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White's second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.
White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle（车座）and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand
and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.
The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For 1,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.
65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he________.
A. broke the world record
B. collected money for Oxfam
C. destroyed several bikes
D. travelled about 1,300 hours
66. What does the word "epic" in Paragraph l most probably mean
A. Very slow but exciting.
B. Very long and difficult.
C. Very smooth but tiring.
D. Very lonely and depressing.
67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _______.
A. fought heroically against robbers in Iran
B. experienced the extremes of heat and cold
C. managed to ride against the wind in Australia
D. had a team of people who travelled with him
68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?
A. Imaginative.
B. Patriotic.
C. Modest.
D. Determined.
15 四川
A
On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.
Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us where we are.
There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.
Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple（枫树）makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.
The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that.
The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars’（杨树）putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local steam as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.
41. What can be learned from Paragraph 2?
A. The scenes are colorful and changeable.
B. There are many windows in the wooden house.
C. The views remind us that we are in a wooden house.
D. The lakes outside the windows are quite different in color.
42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that ______ .
A. the kids like playing in trees
B. the kids are very familiar with trees
C. the kids have learned much knowledge
D. the kids find trees useful learning tools
43. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A. The change of seasons is easily felt.
B. The seasons make the scenes change.
C. The weather often changes in the forest.
D. The door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.
44. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
A. To describe the beauty of the scene around the house.
B. To introduce her children’s happy life in the forest.
C. To show that living in the forest is healthful.
D. To share the joy of living in the nature.
16 天津
A
Bicycle Safety
Operation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.
Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack---even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It’s fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.
Equipment
Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.
Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit properly.
Lights Always have a front headlight---visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A
taillight is a
good idea.
思维导图在初中英语阅读教学中的运用 ----泸州高中合江分校秦小容 摘要：阅读是英语学习的有效途径和主要目的，提高英语阅读效率显得尤为重要。思维导图为阅读者提供了一种科学的思维模式，有利于帮助学生克服阅读障碍，培养学生自主阅读的良好习惯。 关键词：英语阅读自主思维导图 1.阅读教学的瓶颈： 阅读是令很多初中生头痛的事，主要因为新词造成的心理障碍，由此教师经常为了解决这个问题就提前教授新词的音，形，义，让学生提前攻破单词，殊不知这反而为学生提出了一个大难题，因为要记住这些孤立的词汇本生就不容易。而这种情绪直接延伸到阅读中，并导致学生不能享受阅读的乐趣。也谈不上积极主动地阅读。阅读与阅读教学随之黯然失色。怎样解决这个问题？ 2.思维导图概述： 根据英国教育学家托尼·巴赞（Tony Buzan）的思维导图概念，思维导图又叫心智图、概念图，是表达发射性思维的有效的图形思维工具。是一种革命性的思维工具。思维导图运用图文并重的技巧，把各级主题的关系用相互隶属与相关的层级图表现出来，把主题关键词与图像、颜色等建立记忆链接。而这种发射式思考的过程刚好是自主阅读的过程，不断提问的过程，也是不断与作者对话的过程，而呈现思考过程的思维导图充分利用了右脑的图像记忆优势。左脑记忆与右脑记忆的效能比是1∶1000000。这为思维导图在阅读教学中的运用提供了坚实理论基础。 3.思维导图在阅读教学中的运用实例： 现以人教版新目标初中英语八年级下第四单元的泛读文章“She said helping others changed her life.”为例展示思维导图的运用。 3.1 Pre-reading brain-storming ： 课前讨论的目的，一方面在于提出问题激发学生阅读欲望，从而变被动为主动阅读，另一方面，为学生提供阅读的词汇储备。怎样去有效的提出问题，呈现词汇，这就需要找到这些问题的内在的联系，将词汇附着在问题上帮助学生构建一个完整的词汇圈，用思维导图的形式将这个词汇圈呈现出来。例如，“She said helping others changed her life”这篇阅读讲的是杨蕾作为一名志愿者教师到甘肃的一个贫困山区支教的故事，让学生建立帮助别人让自己快乐的人生观。教师在导入时就可以本着联系原则以地震作为切入点，因为这是学生的亲身经历，容易引起学生的情感共鸣，再说到古蔺叙永山区的情况呈现本文词汇圈，并将其表现在思维导图上，从而降低学生的阅读难度。这里对思维导图的绘制不做详细介绍。 3.2while-reading 阅读时教师给学生一个中心Yanglei,以此为中心人物一段落为单位提出问题，最后得出文章中心帮助别人快乐。教师在提问的过程中板书思维导图的结构并用学生的答案完善思维导图。问题的设计应做到环环相扣。本篇文章问题的设计：Who is Yanglei?---A graduate in Peking university / Where did she go?---A poor mountain village./Why did she go there?---On a one-year program./What did she do there?---To be a volunteer teacher./Where is the village?---2000meters above the sea level./So how about the air?---Thin./So will you feel comfortable?---Feel sick./How about the food?---Simple./How simple?----Even teachers ate porridge three times a day./How about
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/f312449140.html, 浅谈思维导图在高中英语阅读理解的应用 作者：魏婷 来源：《校园英语·月末》2018年第12期 【摘要】阅读理解在一张英语试卷中占得分值为30分。分值高，但由于文字多，篇幅长，篇目也比较多，导致同学们做这种题时多少有点排斥。本文将对题型进行总结和对写该题方法上的浅谈，列举通过思维导图进行高中英语阅读理解的解题思路，希望能帮助同学们轻松解决这种题型，以减轻考试压力。 【关键词】阅读理解；题型总结；思维导图 【作者简介】魏婷，成都市华西中学高2016级。 一、阅读理解的重要性和现状 正如我们所知，阅读理解占30分，一共15个选择，每个两分。阅读理解的分确确实实要稳握在手，这个题与后面的题型（如完形填空和作文）相比要好拿分得多，大部分答案都能在文中找到。但在做这种题型的时候特别容易犯困，所以很多同学都要读好几遍才找得到答案，这样不仅浪费时间，也会导致内心变得焦躁起来，影响考试时的心境，影响发挥。 二、阅读理解题型总结 1.篇幅类型。阅读理解共有四道题，按难易程度可分为A篇信息材料题（2颗星）、B篇故事性叙述（3颗星）、C篇和D篇大多为描述一种社会现象或科研的题型。而阅读理解试题选文的特点，文章是国外主流媒体新近更新的文章，相对于高考日期来说是比较新的。 2.题材相对比较前沿——例如，关于无人驾驶汽车。相对来说的新科技话题，具有一定的信息引领性。 2.总结： 细节理解题这种题型中，题干一般会明确指出具体的段落，根据题意在段落中勾画关键词，再看选项，选项中一般会出现两个比较相似的选项，这就要通过对文章细节做进一步分析得到了。 在做题之前一定不要着急去看文章内容，一定要先读题，带着问题去找答案，如果是先读文章再回答问题，这样不容易集中精力，所以先读问题这才是最好的顺序。 三、思维导图
提高高中生英语阅读能 力的几点策略 Document number：NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT
提高高中生英语阅读能力的几点策略 摘要：提高英语阅读能力对高中生进一步学习和使用英语具有非常重要作用。文章分析了提高高中生英语阅读能力的重要性及其条件、高中生英语阅读能力提高的阻碍因素，进而提出了重视文化背景因素、积累阅读词汇量、采用“整体—局部—整体”的语篇阅读法、养成良好阅读习惯四点提高高中生英语阅读能力的策略。 关键词：提高高中生英语阅读能力策略 一、提高高中生英语阅读能力的重要性及其条件 （一）英语阅读能力及其重要性 阅读就是对书面信息进行认知构建的心理语言过程。英语阅读能力是通过阅读英语文献获得信息的一种能力，这种能力的培养与提高，有助于学生在迅速、准确地获取知识与信息时减少难度和障碍，同时还能促进其他方面如听、说、写能力发展。英语阅读能力的培养是高中英语教学中的核心内容之一。侧重提高阅读能力，为进一步学习和运用英语切实打好基础是中学英语课程标准的一项具体要求。 高中英语阅读内容涉及的体裁广泛，题材新奇。其中包括了英语国家的历史、地理、文化风俗和风土人情等方面的内容，融思想性、知识性和真实性为一体。由于学生的时间、能力和活动范围有限，在限时阅读中把握一些阅读技巧和技能，对提高阅读效果显得尤为重要。 （二）高中生提高英语阅读能力应具备的条件 1、背景知识 背景知识是理解特定语篇所具备的外部世界知识，它影响着阅读理解的准确性。背景知识对理解的影响力大于语言知识，背景知识的缺乏会造成阅读理解的障碍。因此，在阅读学习中，应了解文章的背景知识，结合自己所把握的语言知识，如词汇、语法功能和话题等进行阅读。有了运用背景知识阅读的能力，对所读的文章的思路把握就较为清楚，对文章的理解也更为准确、深刻。
阅读理解 A From far out in space, Earth looks like a blue ball. Since water covers three-fourths of the Earth’s surface, blue is the color we see most. The continents look brown, like small islands floating in the huge, blue sea. White clouds cover around the Earth like a light blanket. The Earth is shaped like a sphere, or a ball. It is 25,000 miles around! It would take more than a year to walk around the whole planet. A spaceship can fly around the widest part of the sphere in only 90 minutes. Even though spaceships have traveled to the Moon, people cannot visit the Moon without special suits. The Moon has no air or water. Plants and animals can’t live there either. Astronauts first landed on the Moon in 1969. After that, there were six more trips to the Moon. They brought back Moon rocks, which scientists are still studying. There are holes, or craters, all over the Moon’s surface. Scientists believe that meteorites（陨石）smashed into the Moon millions of years ago and formed the craters. The Sun is the closest star to Earth. A star is a hot ball of burning gas. The Sun looks very big because it is so close. But the Sun is just a medium-sized star. Billions of far-away stars are much bigger than our Sun. The burning gases from the Sun are so hot that they warm the Earth from 93 million miles away! Even though the Sun is always shining, the night here on Earth is dark. That’s because the Earth rotates, or turns around, every 24 hours. During the day, the Earth faces the Sun. Then we see light. During the night, the Earth turns away from the Sun. Then it faces the darkness of space. Each day we learn more about the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. 56.When we look at the Earth from outer space, the color we see most is blue because ________ . A. most of the Earth is covered in land B. the Sun’s rays make the Earth look blue C. most of the Earth is covered in water D. clouds wrap around the Earth 57. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “smashed” in the second paragraph? A. crashed B. made C. broke D. got 58.What causes daylight on Earth? A. The full Moon causes daylight. B. Daylight is caused by the Earth facing away from the Sun. C. The heat of the Sun’s rays causes daylight. D. Daylight is caused by the Earth facing toward the Sun. 59.Which of the following sentences BEST describes the Sun? A. The Sun looks small because it is so far from Earth. B. The Sun is a ball of burning gases that gives the Earth heat and light. C. The Sun is a small star. D. The Sun is not as hot as it looks. 60.What is the main idea of the text? A. Plants and animals can’t live on the Moon. B. Without the Sun we would have no heat or light. C. We know a lot about the Earth, Moon, and Sun, but there is still more to learn.
初中英语思维导图在阅读中的运用 （枹罕中学英语组刘锐霞） 【摘要】思维导图是一种将放射性，框架形思考具体化的方法，是 一种创新，直观的方法，可大幅增强记忆力、组织力与创造力。本文以人教版英语教材“Go for It!”八年级下册的阅读教学设计为例，介绍了在阅读教学实践中如何以图式理论为指导，运用思维导图在读前、读中和读后阶段对英语阅读课进行设计，以促使学生在阅读的整个过程中调用语言、内容和形式三种图式有效地理解课文内容，弄清文章眉路，从而促进阅读能力的提高，和综合能力的提升。 【关键词】思维导图；图式理论；阅读教学 一、引言 《义务教育英语课程标准》提出阅读是一种语言技能，是一种理解的技能，是构成语言运用能力的重要组成部分；在九年义务教育阶段的学习时，学生要能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；能快速学习，积累词汇，能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。最终提高学生的阅读能力，并发展学生的说和写的能力，而思维导图理论的指导和思维导图的运用能有效地促进学生阅读能力的提高。 * 而思维导图是英国学者东尼·博赞依据大脑的放射性特点发明的一种可视性的、发散性的思维工具。它是一种将思想图像化的技巧，也是将知识结构图像化的过程，它利用色彩、图画、代码和多维度层次等图文并茂的形式来增强记忆效果。思维导图通常将某一主题置于中央位置，主题的主干作为分支向四周放射，每条分支上使用一个关键词，各分支形成一个连接的节点结构，整个图形看上去就像人的神经网络图。网络图可以充分体现文章的层次和脉络结构，即形式图式；位于中央位置的主题词和主干位置关键词体现了文章的内容话题，即内容图式；分支下的关键词信息体现了文章的细节，充分关注了文章的语言知识，即语言图式。思维导图的运用能发散学生的思维，丰富和巩固阅读过程中所需的语言、内容。 二、思维导图在英语阅读中的运用
高中英语阅读理解的答题方法和技巧 一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。 即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。 二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。 阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。 三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。 文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用"画图列表法"，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。 四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。 在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题（中心思想，加标题等）和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一
中学生英语阅读新视野①词组 go without 没有, 缺乏, 将就 In those days we often had to go without supper. tell … apart It's difficult to tell the two girls apart. 这两个女孩很难分辨。 Without question 毫无疑问 He is without question the best man for the job. 毫无疑问, 他最适合干这份工作。 A number of 一些 A great number of problems have arisen. 出现了许多问题。 Take off 1.拿走, 取下; 去掉 Last night's strong wind nearly took the roof off! 昨夜的大风差一点把屋顶刮掉了。 2.脱去 I can't take my boots off, they're so tight! 靴子太紧了, 我脱不下来! 3.截断, 切除 I'm afraid the disease can't be stopped, so we shall have to take your leg off. 恐怕这病情控制不住了, 我们得把你的一条腿截肢。 4.(使)离开 I think I'll take myself off now. 我想我现在就得走。 5.起跳; 起飞 Watch that bird taking off from the branch! 注意看那只鸟从枝头飞起来! 6.(飞机)起飞 It's exciting to feel the plane taking off. 感觉到飞机起飞令人兴奋。 7.减轻(体重) I'm so pleased that I've been able to take off all that weight and get into my good clothes again! 我的体重终于减轻, 那些漂亮的衣服又合身了, 我真高兴! Around the world 世界各地 By accident 偶然地 He made this mistake by accident. 他犯这个错误纯属偶然。 Now and then
高中阅读理解题型解读（教师版） （一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点： 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文 解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 ●比较说明文 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。 3.应用文 应用文涉及的范围比较广，包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁，省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息，并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。 阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题(是指在短文中客观存在的事实，客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的具体事实或抽象概念)和主观理解题(这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，须通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深理解，并据此进行判断和推理)。其中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，给学生进行解题方法
运用思维导图进行初中英语阅读教学 思维导图具有人类思维的强大功能，可以开启人类大脑的潜能。在英语阅读教学中运用思维导图，学生可以快速地获取信息，从而提高其阅读能力，老师可提高课堂效率。 思维导图由英国学者东尼·巴赞发明，它是一种有效的思维模式，应用于记忆、学习、思考等的思维“地图”，利于人脑发散思维的展开，简单却又极其有效，是一种革命性的思维工具。思维导图作为一种教学策略和帮助学生认知的工具，参与到阅读教学过程中来，使教师的教发挥重大的作用，也使学生的学达到最好的效果。 阅读的本质是运用已有的图式进行知识表征的过程。初中生处于一个由形象思维逐渐过渡到抽象思维的发展阶段，如果在他们阅读知识时能够把知识用符号、文字、图像等形象地组织和表现出来的话，会让对他们对文章的知识脉络和线索的理解、记忆起到意想不到的效果，而思维导图则具有这种能量。 思维导图可以成倍提高学生学习效率，增强理解和记忆能力。在英语阅读教学中有效地使用思维导图可以让学生快速地获取信息，从而提高其阅读能力。通过让学生运用自主设问策略获取关键信息，能促进其内化并自主运用所学知识，提高对语篇结构和意义的把握能力。特别是新课程标准对初中生词汇的要求较高，而且随着阅读材料难度的加大，许多学生难以在规定时间内读完和读懂阅读材料，然而思维导图却能有效地增强学生阅读理解能力和提高学生的阅读速度，因此在阅读教学中可以对学生加以训练。同时我们也可以让学生动手制作思维导图，让学生勇于思考，激发他们的学习兴趣，增强学生的成就感，而且还能有效地培养学生的创新意识。 在英语阅读教学中，由于一些教师的教学方式过于传统，而导致学生过多地关注语言知识，而忽视对学生进行内容和形式上的训练，致使教师在分析、讲解的过程中完全替代了学生进行思考，没有让学生从文章整体上来把握其意义，只是机械化地从文章中寻找问题的答案，从而限制了学生阅读能力的提高。以下是思维导图在英语阅读教学中的教学实例。 在运用思维导图对学生进行阅读教学时，我们可以先让学生大概浏览一下文章，然后让其概括出文章的中心思想，根据文章的中心思想作为思维导图的中心，然后再重新对文章进行仔细阅读，找出围绕文章中心思想的重要信息，并用关键词概括表示出来，以此作为文章的中心思想的主干分支，最后根据文章的内容信息，每个分支又可以衍生相关的分支，而每个分支的走向表示关键词之间的关系。下图是根据《新目标》九年级Unit 9 中reading制作的思维导图： 现今的英语教材中一些阅读文章虽说内容丰富，主题鲜明，对学生有一定的教育意义，但由于它的篇幅过长，给学生在阅读过程中带来了一定的困难。而利用思维导图则能用简洁的文
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1．阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。 下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点，寻找解题的方法。 常见题型： 1．主题型： What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2．标题型： What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) ————. 3．目的型： The main purpose of this text is ————. The author’s purpose o f writing this text is to ————. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
青岛工学院 毕业论文（设计）Study on English Reading Ability of Senior High School Students 高中生英语阅读能力的研究 学生姓名沈延贞子学号 201501105118 指导教师王繁 学院外语学院 专业英语年级 2015级 答辩日期 2019 年 6 月 5 日 青岛工学院
A Brief Study on English Reading Ability of Senior High School Students 高中生英语阅读能力的研究 完成日期： 指导教师签字： 评阅教师签字： 答辩小组组长签字： 答辩小组成员签字： 年月日
摘要 我国的外语教学可以说一直走在误区里面。应试教育已经把外语教学的根本性牢牢锁死。当前，各地的教师在创设氛围教学生从事交际活动吗？课堂上，师生都完全适应了“功利”教学法。教师如果不对学生加强单词和词组的强化训练，不仅学生认为你老师不会教，家长也不会让你的。听力训练、早晚读、周练、月考全都是围绕成绩而转。学生根本没有机会进行交际和阅读的实用性训练，因此，多少年来，学生学的都是哑巴英语。不仅无法用于交际活动，阅读的技能差，所以有必要对当前的英语教学进行彻底的改革。在高中英语学习中，阅读能力是衡量一个学生是否学好英语的关键。通过阅读能力的锻炼，能够培养高中生的记忆理解能力以及主动思考能力，帮助学生开发英语思维。所以，包括笔者在内的学生应该有计划地、科学合理的学习英语阅读，最后通过实际的训练培养，学好英语。本文从研究的背景和意义以及研究的重要性出发，围绕论题搜集文献资料，并综述出了国内外学者对于阅读的产生，发展和理解这几个方面，从而阐述了阅读的重要性。进而分析出了影响阅读能力的几个因素，并且针对问题提出了相应的解决办法，最后进行概括和总结。 关键词：高中生；阅读能力；跨文化教育;话语能力
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Hipster Greenport: 4 places to eat, shop and visit Greenport may date back to the 1630s, but it's feeling pretty of-the-moment right now. Here are four places that embody the old-meets-new energy of the village: Claudio's If you've been to Greenport, you can't miss Claudio's —it's where generations of Long Islanders have made a tradition of eating, whether inside the main restaurant or at the floating dock-bar. The new owners have added fresh elements: Baccano Pizza by Nino, which offers a variety of slices and pies until as late as 2 a.m. on Fridays and Saturdays — is right by the dock entrance. Little Creek Oyster Farm & Market It's little spots like this that tell the current Greenport story. There's no sign or advertising for this tiny house changed from the cabin of an old ship that's practically hidden down Bootlegger's Alley near Mitchell Park. But there they are — streams of people who come to enjoy the fresh oysters while drinking local craft beer, with a waterside view. The Times Vintage Nostalgia (怀旧) for bygone times runs high in this 1909 building, which once served as the base for the Suffolk Times newspaper. These days, this well-designed shop sells vinyl records (黑胶唱片) and loads of old-fashioned clothing and home decoration items including mid-century highball sets. Greenport Fire Heat comes in many forms and several are sold here — hot sauces, cigars and candles. Consult the chalkboard for the current sauce offerings or browse cigars such as a hand-rolled Honduran Leaf by Oscar or the Gurkha Cellar Reserve made with 18-year-aged tobacco. （1）What's special about Greenport? A. It is a place full of energy. B. It is a famous port in the world. C. It is a combination of new and old. D. It is a popular place of interest. （2）What can you do in The Times Vintage? A. You can enjoy delicious oysters. B. You can buy some old things. C. You can find hand-rolled cigars. D. You can have Baccano Pizza. （3）If you are a smoker, you may be interested in _________. A. Claudio's B. Little Creek Oyster C. Greenport Fire D. The Times Vintage 【答案】（1）C （2）B （3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了绿港（Greenport）这个村庄里能体现新旧融合的四个地方。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“…but it's feeling pretty of-the-moment right now. Here
思维导图英语阅读 思维导图辅助初中英语阅读教学例谈 ----以认知主义理论为视角 深圳市南山区蛇口学校初中部邹建军 摘要:根据认知主义的基本理论，学习者的外语知识可分为两种类型:陈述性知识和程序性知识，英语阅读教学中陈述性知识往往得到重视和强化，程序性知识则被忽略，用思维导图辅助英语阅读教学可以很好地挖掘学习者的程序性知识, 本文以此为切入点，把语言分析法教学法和语篇分析教学法结合起来，以完整课例的形式来阐述在初中英语阅读教学中如何把预读、略读、跳读、细读等相关活动按其特点和目的穿插到思维导图各层级的分支图形中，促使学生由宏观到微观、从表层到深层把握知识，加深对文章的理解，从而促进学生两种类型的知识协调发展。 关键词:思维导图认知主义陈述性知识程序性知识语篇分析 一、问题的提出 近些年，由于英语课程的开设已经普及到小学甚至育儿园，初中阶段的英语教学已经不再停留于简单的听说读写操练上，而对学生学习过程的关注和学习策略的培养提出了更高的要求，因此，课文容量大、篇幅长已是一个不争的事实。一方面，学生面对长篇大论的课文望而生畏，不求甚解;另一方面，传统的阅读教学采用语言分析教学法，把语言当作语法、词汇和句型的简单集合，从句子结构到词语用法都要逐句讲解，却无视语篇分析、无视阅读思维训练、无视阅读策略的培养，尽管教师投入了大量的时间和精力，学生仍然普遍存在阅读速度慢、理解能力弱的现象。 根据认知主义的基本理论，Faerch和Kasper(1983)等人认为,学习者的外语知识可分为两种类型:陈述性知识和程序性知识,前者指“内容知识”,由内化的外语规则和记熟的语言板块构成,后者指“方法知识”, 由学习者用来处理外语语料而采用的各种策略和程序组成。在认知主义 1 的视角下，阅读可看作是一种信息加工的过程，因此“解码”和“组块”对信息加工至关重要。那么如何解码和组块，思维导图似乎是一件利器，因为借助思维导图进行阅读教学可以利用视觉信息将文本内容分解成易于理解和记忆的“组块”, 协助学生解构阅读过程中错综复杂的内容和内在关联，完成自上而下地对文章的字、词、句进行解码，帮助学习者系统地,有条理地思考学习材料, 逐步理解整个语篇的意思，并结合已有的背景知识，自上而下地预测内容，并以图形的方式记录下其思维过程，从而挖掘学习者的程序性知识, 促进学生两种类型的知识协调发展, 同时也为广大教师优化和提高阅读教学和阅读指导的质效提供借鉴。 二、何为思维导图 思维导图又称心智图，它是一种用观点和图片，从中心概念发散出的以纲要形式显示大脑思维活动的地图，遵循这张导图, 可以让人在思考、记忆、分析时充分发掘潜能，激发灵感与
英语阅读思维导图 英语阅读思维导图 英语阅读思维导图 一、思维导图 1.关于思维导图的认识 脑科学研究表明,大脑神经是由中心向外发散的神经元。运用思 维导图,使人的思维方式更贴近大脑自身的思维方式,这样与大脑进 行对话、交流就会变得直接、自然和简单。通俗地说,思维导图是一 个简单、有效、美丽的思维工具,它依据全脑的概念,按照大脑自身 的规律指导思考,全面调动左脑的逻辑、顺序、条例、文字、数字思 维以及右脑的图像、想象、颜色、空间、整体思维,使大脑潜能得到 最充分的开发,从而极大地发掘人的记忆、创造、身体、语言、精神、社交等各方面的潜能。也就是说,它采用从中心向四周发散的结构, 即它的中心是中心主题,然后从中心主题引出一系列与中心主题相关 的各个子主题,再从子主题引出次主题,依此类推。而整个思维导图 都由线条、图形、颜色、词汇、符号等元素构成。 2.思维导图的特点 (1)重点突出,结构清晰。(2)模拟人脑神经元分布的结构,易于促使人们产生新的想法。(3)把主要起处理语言、逻辑、数学和次序的 作用,即所谓的学术学习作用的大脑左半部分以及处理节奏、旋律、 音乐、图像和幻想,即所谓的创造性活动的大脑右半部分一起调动起来。(4)把人们/看不见、摸不着0的想法外显出来,从而促进人们之 间的交流。 二、英语任务型阅读
从一定程度上来说,该题型能考查考生语感的流利程度、思维的灵活性、词汇辨析能力和语篇概括能力。该题型要求考生在阅读所 给语言材料的基础上对相关信息进行加工,在读懂文章、把握主题、理清脉络和审清题意的基础上完成相关文字表达的任务。 三、思维导图在英语任务型阅读教学中的应用 1.思维导图对英语任务型阅读的作用 (1)有助于学生从整体上认识和把握整篇阅读文章。思维导图以放射性思考为基础的收放自如方式,是一种展现个人智力潜能的方法,可提升思考技巧,增强记忆力、组织力与创造力。思维导图可以让复杂的问题变得非常简单,简单到可以在一张纸上画出来,让人一下看 到问题的全部并对问题加以延伸。因为思维导图能把人们看不见、 摸不着的想法外显出来,所以学习者可以无限次地使自己原来的思维过程和知识结构得以重现,并且可以把自己的思维过程和知识结构拿出来与别人进行共享、交流,进而进行反思、总结,从而使学习者对 于自己的认知能力和认知活动能够有更深刻的了解,使其综合思维能力和元认知能力得到提高,并逐渐成为能够进行自我指导和自主学习的'学习者。 (2)有助于学生对知识注入更多的自我思考。 (3)有助于调动存储在学生大脑中的英语知识,激活学生的思维。 (4)有助于学生发散性思维和创造性思维的形成,提高分析问题、解决问题的能力。 2.具体实施策略 首先,从挖掘教材内涵入手,每位学生对将要设计的主题,绘制一幅思维导图;其次,各讨论小组内交流自己制作的思维导图,同时约定在交流过程中,不允许批评别人的想法,所有的意见记录下来,任何人不下判断性的结论,集中注意力,不允许私下交流,尽可能地发散、联想;再次,英语教师对交流的相关信息,进行整理和归纳,并要求学生 完成根据思维导图设计而成的任务型阅读。在设计过程中,主要围绕如下内容:(1)关键词。思考:文章的中心是什么?句子的要点到底是
浅谈高中学生英语阅读能力的问卷调查与思考 发表时间：2013-06-05T10:17:53.827Z 来源：《读写算(新课程论坛)》2013年2期（下）供稿作者：◇樊俊华 [导读] 略读法是快速阅读中的一种方法,通常又称为浏览。 ◇樊俊华 （达州市渠县第二中学渠县 635200） 近年来,高考越来越注重对于阅读能力的测试,表现在阅读量的加大,难度的增加,以及综合性的试题逐渐增多等方面。对于考生阅读能力的要求越来越高,加大阅读能力的培养势在必行。提高阅读能力不是一朝一夕的事情,需要遵照一定的规律,循序渐进,不能急于求成,否则,容易挫伤学生的积极性。而找到制约学生阅读能力提高的症结所在,找到提高学生阅读能力的切入口又是我们阅读教学重中之重。 一、学生阅读能力的问卷情况 学生的需求是能够进行有效阅读的根本保证,为此,我对我校高二年级学生进行了一次有关英语阅读的问卷调查,调查结果如下: 1、50%的学生喜欢课外阅读,他们认为课外阅读不仅扩大知识面,了解英语国家的历史,地理、风土人情、传统习惯、生活方式、文学艺术、行为规范、价值观念等,还对学科成绩特别是阅读能力的提高有很大帮助。他们还认识到制约自己阅读能力提高的关键在于词汇量不足和高质量的阅读材料匮乏。这为我们的实践提供了心理保障,因为学生主观上已有了心理需求。 2、学生的阅读面比较广泛,但阅读兴趣各不相同,喜欢的程度,由强到弱排列为:记叙文、应用文、说明文、议论文。这说明我们的实践应选材广泛,尽可能满足学生不同的需求。 3、有37.8%同学喜欢做主旨题,35.4%的学生喜欢做推理题,27.4%的学生喜欢做细节题,这表明学生的阅读兴趣和能力除了阅读本身的目的,已提升到比较高的层次。这为我们的实践提供了一些依据。 4、对于阅读习惯,60%的学生在课内学习中是主动阅读,但对阅读方法了解甚少,欠良好的阅读习惯;33%的学生被动阅读,依赖于老师的提示、分析,只有11%的学生是主动参与到活动中,且有意识地运用阅读方法,有良好的阅读习惯。 5、运用构词法去猜测生词的能力较弱,只有5.7%的学生能,41%的学生不能,51.8%的学生基本能,对于关联词,替代词的所指,完全理解的 22.6%,不能的17.5%,理解较少59.4%。这说明扫除学生阅读障碍的关键是教给学生对生词、关联词、替代词的正确理解的方法。 二、思考及对策 通过问卷调查,我发现大部分学生无阅读英语的兴趣,更无良好的阅读习惯,那么我们该如何做到有的放矢,有效的培养学生的阅读兴趣和提高学生的阅读能力呢? (一)精心选材 良好的阅读能力主要表现在两方面,一要读得准,二要读得快。 阅读能力的提高是一个循序渐进的过程。由于阅读材料的选取受到限制,学生从高一到高三所读材料的梯度较为模糊,在同一层次上重复过多,虽经师生共同努力,投入了大量的时间和精力,往往却不能收到预期的效果。在一定程度上我们忽略了学生正处于求知欲望特别强的年龄阶段,他们常常对熟悉或感兴趣的内容比较关注,因此,为了满足他们的这种需求,教师在选取材料时既要考虑满足教学的需要,又要注意材料的趣味性,特别是在教学的起始阶段,更应重视这一点。同时,还要注意各种不同材料的交替使用,尽量避免体裁和内容的单一。另外,不同性别对同一种内容的兴趣也不一样,这也是教师必须引起重视的。为了提高学生对英语的兴趣,教师还可从网上下载一些笑话和幽默故事,贴在教室的贴报栏里,让学生课前课后随时阅读,这一方面可以增强学生的阅读兴趣,另一方面也可让学生得到片刻的放松和休息。总之,要随时关注学生的兴趣所在,了解他们的热点问题。这样,不仅可以扩大学生的知识面,而且可以极大地提高学生的阅读兴趣,激发他们的求知欲望,从而有效地提高学生的阅读能力和语言的整体素质。 (二)教给学生阅读技能,帮助扫除阅读障碍 这里先介绍一些常用的有效的阅读技巧: 1.略读法是快速阅读中的一种方法,通常又称为浏览。略读的关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读,主要目的是获得足够的信息以便准确地回答有关文章主旨和大意的问题。利用略读法做阅读时,要特别注意文章首尾两段,因为文章的第一段往往点明文章的主题,或中心思想,或作者的意图,而文章的最后一段则常常总结归纳或重述文章的主要内容。 2. 查阅法考生从文段中获得所需的具体信息,可以不需要阅读整篇文章,而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分,然后加以阅读就行,这种方法就是查阅法。查阅法主要是获得具体的信息,回答具体的问题,即测试中的细节问题,它常常Who,What,When,Where,Why和How有关,有时跟具体的数字如长度、宽度、高度、距离、大小、尺寸等有联系。考生在使用查阅法时,应该注意文章的结构和顺序排列,文章的结构有的是按时间顺序排列,有的是按空间顺序排列,有的是按逻辑顺序排列。弄清楚文章的排列顺序能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时,准确无误。 3. 根据上下文判断词义法. 考生应该有意识地积累英语单词,没有一定量的英语单词作基础和保障,英语的听、说、读、写、译等各项技能都无从谈起。考生可以根据“词不离句”的原则,把一个生词放在具体的句子语境中记忆。 4. 判断推理法.运用以上方法学生已经能做出好多题,但是在答题的时候,考生有时会发现所给的四个题项中,有不止一个选项可以作为答案项,这时就应该意识到该题是一个判断推理题了。 在答题时,考生一旦发现有一个看似正确的选项,就立即把它作为正确答案的备选项,这是不明智的,正确的方法是再看一看其他选项中还有没有更完备的答案。如果有别备选答案的话,就要根据文章的主旨和作者的意图,选择比较,去伪存真,做出深层理解和全面分析,进行合理的推理和判断,选出切合文章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。 总之,只要我们在教学中掌握学生心理特点,循序渐进,一步一个脚印,定出计划和要求,坚持大量的阅读训练,就能提高学生阅读英语的兴趣,不断提高学生的阅读速度和技能,从而提高阅读能力。