论中西文化差异对翻译的影响开题报告(英文)
三亚学院/Sanya University
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中西节日文化差异英文 Revised by Liu Jing on January 12, 2021
The comparison between Chinese and Western festivals 中西方节日文化的差异比较 Abstract: the process of comparing the Chinese and Western festivals and studying Western histories and cultures can help people promote the communication and understanding of different cultures. With the further development of society and inter-cultures, globalization will affect many aspects of life in all countries. And western festivals are becoming more and more popular in China. We should respect them and select the essence. China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions. In modern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted. But it seems that young people no longer treasure the tradition. On the contrary, they turn to pursue enthusiastically a seemingly more modern culture. If this trend is allowed to continue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions. Nobody expects such a consequence. So let’s join hand in hand to protect and carry forward Chinese tradition. Key words: Traditional festivals; Chinese and Western cultures; difference; globalization Introduction: “A holiday of a nation represents a glorious culture and concentrated customs of a nation.” To understand a nation's
高中生研究性开题报告范文 2019-01-18论文题目：透过中英歌曲同曲异词现象看中西文化差异”结题报告一.问题的提出随着世界全球化不断加快步伐，经济、文化高速碰撞融合的大背景下，西方文化大量涌进中国，跨文化交际愈加频繁也愈加重要。 跨文化交际既涉及文化，又涉及交际。 只有了解和理解不同的文化因素的差异，并且具有成功地与其他文化成员交际的真诚愿望”，才能最大限度地克服不同文化差异造成的文化障碍。 而中西文化的差异却又是表现在方方面面的，例如：宗教，家庭观，世界观，审美观，艺术等，但归根结底中西文化最大的区别在于思维方式的不同。 同时，我们应该注意到这种差异，可以说是这种思维的差异在中英文歌曲中得到了很好的体现，尤其是同曲异词的现象，就更是一个可以透此看中西文化差异的很好研究对象。 通过对它们的研究，可以更深入了解西方的思维方式，学会更好的交流，克服文化差异，同时有助与民族的融合。 二.概念的界定我们所研究的文化差异”指的是：以价值文化为核心的社会文化的差异，它容易引起文化冲突。 而这里我们着重的重点是存在于同曲异词的中英歌曲上的差异以及东西种族的表达和行为方式的不同。
三.研究的目的我们研究的课题是透中英歌曲同曲异词现象看中西文化差异”，主要是针对中英歌曲同曲异词现象来进行课题研究，并以此来初步透视中西方文化的差异，相互交流，相互借鉴，客观看待,。 我们研究中西方文化差异目的就在于:清醒地认识自我,恰当地了解别人,以使我们真正做到兴利除弊,扬长避短。 四.研究的方法(一)调查问卷法在展开课题的初期，首先制作了调查问卷，随机分发给予校内外师生填写。 回收后，小组对数据进行统计分析，得到了调查早期的实际资料(发出问卷共50份，收回50份，统计结果以及调查报告见附录)。 通过问卷调查，我们了解到了高中生对中英同曲异词的认识，也一并初步了解到高中生对中西文化差异的认识。 (二)案例分析法在研究过程中，我们搜集了一些中英同曲异词的歌曲，对在相同旋律下衍生出来的不同歌词的不同表达进行研究探讨，其中有中文的《吻别》与英文的《takemetoyourheart》、中文的《恋爱百分百》和英文的《stop!stop!stop!》等等，从中我们发现了中西文化差异的根本在于思维方式的不同，了解到了差异的具体形式。 (三)成果分析法考虑到研究中所得资料以及数据的地域局限性，我们搜集整理了现有的各方面的研究成果、资料，包括论文、文件以及前人的研究结果，并且对国外学者的成果加以重点深入研究，加强了融合，提升了研究的全面性，确保研究方向的正确。
T h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n c h i n e s e a n d w e s t e r n c u l t u r e With the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are listed as follows. First of all, the way of eating. All huaman beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physioligical need. All individuals must eat in order to survive. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nurishment as food. Americans eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russiand eat beef but not snake. We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of food are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In some clture, certain foods are taboo. Sometimes the food taboos may be so strong thrat just the thought of eating forbidden foods can cause an indivdual to feel ill. We can also find culture difference in way of bring up children treating the early, greeting each other, saying and spending money before other people do in everyday, but in some English-speaking countries, people do not agree with us. We chinese may enjoy something that is not usually consider as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we perfer to have thing hot and much emphasis on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the
一、本课题研究的主要内容、目的和意义 本课题研究的主要内容： 本课题主要从翻译中文化差异的现象出发，对文化差异的处理方法进行解析。具体论文写作中，首先通过翻译中的文化因素的具体分析，即信息翻译的理论背景跨文化交流中中英文化差异的表现，包括自然环境的差异、对事物认识的差异、心理特点的差异、风俗习惯的差异及谚语、习语的差异。同时，引出针对文化差异的几种主要方法即直译法、代换法、增词法、意译法等处理方法。整篇论文围绕文化差异的现象的分析这一大方向，对翻译的处理方法进行深入细致的研究解析。具体内容如下： 本课题的第一部分：解释文化的定义。文化是一种社会现象，是人们长期创造形成的产物，同时又是一种历史现象，是社会历史的积淀物 本课题的第二部分主要是具体分析造成文化差异的原因，文化涉及到人类生活的各个层面，每一类文化都有其不同之处。在不同的国家，不同的地区，因为不同的教育经历、社会和工作经历，人们的思维方式也就不同。翻译中的文化差异包括以下几个方面。包括自然环境、对事物的认知、心理特点、风俗习惯等。 本课题的第三部分主要：介绍在翻译工作中，针对这些文化差异提出几种主要的处理方。直译法、代换法、增词法、意译法等处理方法。 本课题的最后部分总结：在翻译中，是否一定要全部保留原文的异域形象和文化色彩，是否一定要采取直译加注或在译文中增加文化背景的说明都不是一成不变的，也无一定之规。译者可以灵活地采取各种依法处理文化差异，但是，译者应该设法尽量保留和传达原文特有形象，避免以异域形象替换原语形象，进行文化翻译。 本课题研究的目的： 汉英民族历史悠久，文化灿烂，都有着极为丰富的习语。众所周知，习语是因语法结构特殊而无法拆开，且不能依据其组成成份来解释的语言形式，或某种固定的语言表达方式。英汉习语的互译不仅要考虑语言的转换，同时也要考虑文化的转换。习语已渗透到人
Differences between Chinese and Western culture As we know the differences between the our estern cultures and western cultures are quite obvious.I would like to state some of my opinions in this paper. I.difference in the thinking style People on the earth are homologous,but different people in different place have different performance on the way of thinking. Differences between Chinese and Western way of thinking reflected in many aspects.Such as the difference between abstract and concrete, reflected in their attitudes towards life can be understood as Westernersare more practical, and the Chinese are much more biased towards some spiritual experience. Westerners pay attention to logical thinking, but Chinese pay more attention to dialectical thinking and so on. As Chinese and western way of thinking are different, there are differences in expression of the order. For example,we can see that the names of western style are not like ours,they put their given names at the first place,while we put them after our family names,that is to say,we regard our family more important than ourselves,and it's the traditional way of estern thinking.Westerners have another way of thinking,they think that each person is important in our world and society,and a person should play a important role among our human beings. II.differences in daily communication Westerners are frank,but chinese are humility.The reflection between westerners and chinese on the treatment of praise is different.In the West, people can accept it generously. As the Chinese have long term impact of Confucian education, we treat others’ praise and recognition not often take the attitude of ourselves, or there is suspected of arrogant. When meeting acquaintances, chinese and westerners greet each other are also different. Chinese people often say "Have you eat ?" "Where are you going?"except the general asked”hello”. In western culture, this is not a greeting, but substantive issues. When British and American people meet,they usually use a polite phrase like "How are you?" or "Nice to meet you!" In addtion,when westerners accept gift from others,they are willing to open it and praise it directly,but chinese do not do like that. III.differences in customs Chinese people regard ourselves as descendants of the Dragon.Chinese have a supreme respect for the dragon, we think dragon is a symbol of our nation. In the dynasty time,Chinese emperors generally self-styled "dragon".However,in the West, the dragon was regarded as the devil, and it was killed by the legendary god of protection, so they set a day as a festival to celebrate the lifting of a disaster, and thank the protection of God.For this reason, when the students describe a person's lively, they say "He / She is full of vim and vigor." not"He / She is as lively as a dragon and tiger". Everyone has their favorite color, so does a country and a nation. Chinese like the red colour ,because chinese think red is a symbol of luck and enthusiam. But westerners perfer to the blue colour,they think blue can make themselves calm. Thus,the preferences of different colors can reflect the whole of a country’s aesthetic taste. IV. differences in eating cultrue Chinese and Western diets are very different, so the differences also have an impact on the national character. In China, a banquet, no matter what purpose, there will be only one form, that is, everyone sit around one table. People toast each other,and eat the same food in one plate,,It reflects the mutual respect between people even the traditional courteous virtue. Although from the health point of view, this dietary approach has obvious shortcomings, it is consistent with our
中西文化差异的研究开题报告 一、综述本课题国内外研究动态，说明选题的依据和意义： 动态： 20世纪90年代以来, 中西方文化差异对比的研究方兴未艾,不同层面,不同角度的全方位研究正在不断深入。近年来,国内外有关中西方文化差异专题研究的论文也相继公开发表,为中西方文化差异的进一步深入研究奠定了基础。 意义：中西文化承载着不同民族的文化特色和文化信息， 它们与传统文化紧密相连，不可分割。本选题以中西方文化差异为切入点，进行较为深入的文化对比研究，反映一个民族的礼仪、宗教信仰、风 俗习惯、饮食等特征的表现，有助于更好的了解和掌握中西方文化的差异。 二、研究的基本内容、难点和创新点： 基本内容：本选题重在研究礼仪文化、饮食观念、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、语言表达方式折射出的文化差异，理论说明与实例分析相结合。 难点：如何从多个角度分析归纳总结文化差异。 创新点：将礼仪作为一种文化现象重点加以研究。 三、研究步骤、方法及措施 步骤： 1.中西礼仪的差异 1.1称呼语 1.2感谢和答谢 1.3赞美 1.4节日 2.中西饮食观念得差异 2.1中西饮食对象的差异 2.2中西饮食方式、餐具不同 2.3中西饮食性质的差异 3.中西风俗习惯的差异 3.1称谓及称呼 3.2敬语谦词 4.中西宗教信仰的差异 5.中西语言表达方式的差异 研究方法和措施： 本篇研究的主要方法和措施是在选定课题后， 由小 组成员分工协作， 从图书馆查阅相关的书籍、 上网寻找资料和有价值
的参考文献，最后结合所学课程的相关内容做出总结。 四、研究工作进度： 11 月，查找相关资料。 12 月，结合所学课程的相关内容做出总结。 五、主要参考文献： 邓炎昌、刘润清 : 《语言与文化》 刘炳善 : 《英国文学简史》 王福祥、吴汉樱 : 《文化与语言》 胡文仲 : 《文化与交际》 朱维之、赵澧 : 《外国文学简编》 张今、陈云清 : 《英汉比较语法纲要》 沈福伟：《中西文化交流史》
中西文化差异比较(英文)
The difference between chinese and western culture With the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are
关于（中西方文化差异）英语翻译类论文开题报告 浏览次数：3227次悬赏分：5|提问时间：2009-1-29 16:39|提问者：匿名 推荐答案 首先，思维与语言的关系犹如母与子的关系。先有人类思维后有语言、图画、音乐等外在表现形式。Language serves as dress of thought．Thoughts are always expressed by words Without thinking，language would be meaningless? 那么，思维又是如何作用在语言形式上的呢?通过研究可知：思维---表现法---语言具体形式。 现在，我们就来简单分析一下中国人与西方人由历史渊源、地域特性及哲学与文化心理不同而导致的思维的根本差异。 中国自古以来就是传统的农业大国，即所谓“靠天吃饭”。农业、土地与民生息息相关，所以就形成了“天人合一”这一中国文化的精髓。即把人与自然视为和谐统一的整体，人类文化与天命自然统一。The T aoist notion Of following nature is closed related，as in other naturalistic movements，to the idea of fate．这种中国文化的最高境界使中国人习惯于崇尚自然、行于自然；不违天命、顺其自然的处世哲学和宿命论，即Let things remain as they are．而在人与天地万物协调共存的世界中，则存在着循环往复、生生不息的发展变化。美国人说这是moving in endless circles and repeating it over and over again。中国的儒家与道家哲学就深深体现了这种观点。如“道生一、一生二、二生三、三生万物，万物归于道”等，这就是汉民族的循回式思维方式，比如在语言表现法中有回环式：“人不犯我，我不犯人”，及递进式表达：“道高一尺，魔高一丈”。所以，中国人表达事物总是按时间和事理发展顺序由因到果、由先到后、由大到小进行阐述，这种思维模式可称为具体一般型表达(Particular-General Pattern)。习惯于问题解决型模式(Problem-solution Pattern)，它们不仅在语言上如此，在文化艺术、经济活动中也都占有统治地位。也就是说中国人擅长具象思维。 西方人恰恰相反，他们一向将人与自然分隔开来，认为思维是独立于自然之外的客观事物，讲究“人物分立”，人能够通过斗争征服自然、改造自然。从美国前总统里根(Ronald Reagan)说过的一句话之中我们就可见一斑： I do not believe in fate that falls on us no matter what we do，but，1 do believe in fate that will fall on us if we do nothing．(我不相信，无论我们做什么，我们的命运都一样；但是我相 信，如果我们什么都不做，我们的命运是一样的。) 也就是说，He wants us to believe in the struggle，not in the fate．诸多此类象美国人热衷于job-hopping(跳槽)，美国人的梦想便是being a self-made man from rags to riches。再比 如，从东方人与西方人做事的动因也可以发现： The Chinese is always described as a person who does things because they have been done before．And the Americans a person who does things because they haven’t been done before．(中国人做一件事是因为这件事以前有人做过；美国人做一件事是因为这件事以前从未有人做过。)Americans love to try something new mostly because of a belief that newer maybe better．(美国人喜欢尝试新事物，很大程度上因为他们认为更 新的可能是更好的。) 通过研究可知，英语自莎士比亚时代以来有很大发展。英语被誉为理性语言，这与欧美哲学较早与
Research Proposal 班级10二专英语学号200908063199 姓名庄瑜 ⅠTitle of my thesis The Difference between Chinese and American Cultures Reflected in The Treatment 由电影《刮痧》看中美文化差异 ⅡLiterature review Since global is impossible to hold back. The communication between different cultures is getting more and more frequently. But the different values and the way deal with things of different cultures lead to culture conflicts in culture communication. And this paper is working on dig deep on the movie The Treatment directed by Zheng Xiaolong on culture difference and the way for main culture conflicts. Because the Inter-culture Communication has been used more and more widely and frequently, but on the other hand people has little knowledge of culture difference. People may learn how dose other country’s people live from different kind of media and news. But it’s not only incompletely but also with political view. So some colleges open some Inter-culture Communication courses to let students learn more about culture difference to adapt to the increasing Inter-culture Communication and gain more competition in their career. But to be honest, those courses can just lead the students to Inter-culture Communication not grapple the matter of Inter-culture Communication. But films have its adventures. It’s less infected by the policy, and it’s much easier for audiences to get the main idea. That’s why film becomes such an important role in learning culture difference. But in the daily life as far as I know a normal problem that student often ignores the teaching part but focus on the entertainment part. So I took Director Zheng Xiaolong’s movie The Treatment as breakthrough point and dig the details to show the matter. I hope this paper could help students in a way. In 1960s, it’s a time of Information Technology. Canadian specialist Marshall McLuhan came up with an idea of “Global Village”. T hat’s a giant leap in human communication history between
中美饮食文化差异开题报告 ----WORD文档，下载后可编辑修改---- 下面是小编收集整理的范本，欢迎您借鉴参考阅读和下载，侵删。您的努力学习是为了更美好的未来！ 中美饮食文化差异开题报告篇一： 摘要：随着国际化交流越来越频繁，饮食文化已经成为国际交流中非常重要的部分。中西方在饮食分化方面的差异非常明显。本文对中西饮食文化差异的原因进行分析，深刻理解了中西文化的不同之处，对中西方文化的交流具有重要意义，有利于跨越文化交流，对世界文化进行融合。 关键词：饮食文化;跨文化交际;差异 中图分类号：G642 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1002-7661(2013)27-007-01 一、中西饮食文化 文化是复杂的，它包括信仰、知识、艺术、法律、道德、风俗以及作为社会的一份子习得的任何习惯与才能，人类有着共同的文化基础，但是随着人类群体的不同范围，文化的体现也出现了差异。每个国家和地区的饮食文化都是各自文化的浓缩。中西国家文化底蕴的不同导致饮食风格也大不相同。 中国有着历史悠久的饮食文化，它经过了几千年的发展，影响深远，占据了世界饮食文化的重要地位。西方国家因为曾经作为殖民地，拥有大量的移民，因此融合了其他国家的饮食文化形成了自己的饮食
文明。 二、中西饮食文化差异原因分析 1、中西方饮食观念差异 因为中西方有着不同的哲学思想，西方人坚持科学理性的饮食观念，讲究科学营养，所以西方饮食注重食物的营养成分之间的搭配。食物搭配是否营养均衡、摄入的卡路里是否合适、营养成分能否被彻底吸收等这些问题在西方饮食文化中成为了一门烹饪学问。西方人要求保持食物的营养，对食物的色香味没有很大的要求，很少将饮食当做精神享受。在西方的宴席上，西方人讲究餐具和用料，讲究原料的搭配，在中国看来西方的饮食是很机械的。但是中国人较为注重饮食的艺术性，对饮食的口感要求较多，但对营养方面比较不注重。中国人觉得食物除了可以解决温饱，更是一种精神享受，在中国的饮食观念中，对食物味道的追求大于对营养的追求，这就导致中国的饮食过于注重食物的口感，具有片面性。 2、中西方饮食内容差异 西方人更为注重对动物蛋白质的摄取，在介绍饮食特点时，西方有发达的食品工业，例如快餐和罐头，味道虽然都差不多，但是却省时又营养，饮食的内容大部分以动物类为主，肉食占整个饮食的大部分。而中国是农业大国，中国的饮食以植物类为主，肉少粮多，在中国的北方，人们的主食是馒头和面条，南方主食是米饭，中国人的饮食是以素菜为主，荤菜为辅。中西方饮食观念的另一个不同之处就是西方人偏好冷食，例如生菜和沙拉等。但是中国人偏好热食，中国人
Overview of intercultural communication The 20th century human science and technology has been a breakthrough development, which has greatly changed the world pattern and human way of life. Modern transportation high-speed development, high speed road crisscross, family car at a faster speed, in wider range popularization, this makes the companionship unprecedented frequently. Modern communications technology is highly developed and the rapid popularization of mobile phone, which makes the communication between people absolutely clear. Especially the popularization of the computer and the Internet, make the birth of human life form enters a new era, breaking the previous life function space restrictions. These great change a core is between person and person, time and space is pulled close distance, the huge earth be compressed into a small "global village", intercultural communication become each nation ingapore life part. However, cultural differences are cross-cultural communication barriers, cultural differences to overcome communication barriers has become the common problems facing the world. Today we mainly to discuss the differences between eastern and western etiquette culture appearance and deep reasons. 2 review Eastern rite refers mainly to China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Singapore, etc, as a representative of the Asian countries represent with the east Square the characteristics of the nationalities etiquette culture. Western etiquette refers mainly to spread in Europe, North America countries culture etiquette. 2.1 communicative language etiquette difference Overall, the etiquette of western emphasis on practical, express blunt, frank. In “ let ” for orientals rite, all thingses all manners Make three points, compared with westerners, often appear humility and implicative. For example Daily greetings 1. In a typical representative of China Oriental culture, daily acquaintances greet the most commonly used is to eat? "" go where?" and so on, this is our common and be willing to accept it, being such inquiries, we feel each other for their concerns, but in the west, this greeting will make them feel suddenly, embarrassed, even unhappy, because westerners will put this question to understand become a "questioned", they used mode is "hello" or "good morning" and so on, in Britain, "it is a fine day today" is the most commonly used sentence structures.