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《地球概论》模拟试题(四)

《地球概论》模拟试题(四)
《地球概论》模拟试题(四)

《地球概论》模拟试题(四)

一、名词解释(每小题3分,共15分)

1、历法

2、朔望月

3、太阳常数

4、太阳日

5、地理纬度

二、填空题(每空0.5分,共10分)

1、根据赫罗图,大多数恒星温度越高,光度越。

2、夏秋之交,银河从方向越过头顶,分二支平行地伸向方向。

3、根据质量、大小和化学组成的不同,行星可分为类地行星和行星。

4、极移的结果引起各地和的微小变化。

5、造成太阳每日赤经差的季节变化,有两方面原因,

即:和。

6、地球公转的真正周期是年,季节变化周期是年。

7、影响昼夜长短的主要因素是和,次要因素

有、大气折光作用和。

8、根据不同需要,晨昏蒙影分为三级:晨昏蒙影、晨昏蒙影和天文晨昏蒙影。

9、逢朔望时,太阳潮最大程度加强了太阴潮,形成大潮,也叫潮,逢上下弦时,则相反,太阳潮最大程度地削弱了太阴潮,形成小潮,又叫潮。

10、地壳和地幔之间的界面称为莫霍面,地幔和外核之间的界面称界面,外核和内核的界面称界面。

三、选择题(每小题有一个或一个以上正确答案,多选、漏选、错选均不得分。每小题3分,共21分)

1、单纯以回归年为基础编制的历法是()。

A.太阴历

B.阴阳历

C.太阳历

D.夏历

2、秋分后一个月,当天津四(α=21h)中天时,地方时是几点钟()。

A.21时

B.20时

C.19时

D.18时

3、地轴进动与哪些因素有关()。

A.地球的形状

B.黄赤交角

C.地球自转

D.地极的移动

4、在30°N处,天顶的赤纬为()。

A.60°

B.30°

C.-60°

D.-30°

5、清晨月落,该是什么月相()。

A.上弦

B.下弦

C.朔

D.望

6、地球公转周期最长的是()。

A.回归年

B.恒星年

C.交点年

D.近点年

7、9月23日,一根竖直的杆子,在正午时的影长与杆高恰好相等,该地的地理纬度可能是()。

A.45°N

B.60°N

C.45°S

D.60°S

四、填表题(第1小题每空1分,第2小题每空0.5分,共18分)

1

五、绘图题(12)

除春秋二分外,全球的昼长可分为四个纬度带,请以北半球夏至日为例绘图说明。要求绘出地轴及两极、晨昏圈、昼夜半球、赤道、太阳直射点、昼夜长短的四个纬度地带及其纬度界限值。

六、计算题(每小题6分,共24分)

1、求赤道、北回归线及北极点所见的恒显星区、恒隐星区和出没星区的范围。

2、根据昼夜长短的季节变化规律,把各月1日按北京的昼长排列次序(从长到短):1/ 1,1/2,…,1/12。

3、当北京的恒星时为8h45m时,某地的恒星钟指在5时30分,问:该地的经度是多少?

4、据史书记载,公元1054年天空出现一颗新星,其亮度为-6等,距离为2000秒差距,求:

⑴其绝对星等是多少?

⑵其实际爆炸时间距今多少年?

《地球概论》模拟试题(四)参考答案

一、名词解释(每小题3分,共18分)

1、历法:如何方便地协调回归年、朔望月、太阳日三种时间单位的方法,安排年、月、日的法则。

2、朔望月:月球连续两次合朔的时间间隔,即月相变化周期,称为朔望月。

3、太阳常数:在日地平均距离处,太阳光垂直照射并排除大气影响的条件下,地面上单位面积(cm2)上每分钟所接受的太阳热量为8.16焦耳,即8.16J/(cm2·min)这个数据被称为太阳常数。

4、太阳日:太阳连续两次在某地上中天的时间间隔,即昼夜交替周期,称为太阳日。

5、地理纬度:地面法线与地球赤道面的交角。

二、填空题(每空0.5分,共10分)

1、大

2、东北;西南

3、类木

4、纬度;经度

5、黄赤交角;地球的椭圆轨道

6、恒星;回归

7、太阳赤纬;地理纬度;太阳视半径;眼高差

8、民用;航海 9、朔望;方照 10、古登堡;利曼

三、选择题(每小题有一个或一个以上正确答案,多选、漏选、错选均不得分。每小题3

四、填表题(第1小题每空1分,第2小题每空0.5分,共18分)

1

2

五、绘图题(12分)

除春秋二分外,全球的昼长可分为四个纬度带,请以北半球夏至日为例绘图说明。要求绘出地轴及两极、晨昏圈、昼夜半球、赤道、太阳直射点昼夜长短的四个纬度地带及其纬度界限值。

地轴、两极、晨昏圈、昼夜半球、赤道、太阳直射点(6分);

昼夜长短的四个纬度地带(4分);纬度界限值(2分)

地轴及两极、晨昏圈、昼夜半球、赤道和太阳直射点(各1分,共4分)

昼夜长短的四个纬度地带(各1分,共4分)

四个纬度地带纬度界限值(各1分,共4分)

六、计算题(每小题6分,共24分)

1、求赤道、北回归线及北极点所见的恒显星区、恒隐星区和出没星区的范围。

解:赤道上,恒显星区:无

恒隐星区:无

出没星区:δ(90°~-90°)(2分)

北回归线上,恒显星区:δ(66°34′~90°)

恒隐星区:δ(-66°34′~-90°)

出没星区:δ(-66°34′~66°34′)(2分)

北极点上,恒显星区:δ(0°~90°)

恒隐星区:δ(0°~-90°)

出没星区:无(2

分)

2、根据昼夜长短的季节变化规律,把各月1日按北京的昼长排列次序(从长到短):1 /1,1/2,…,1/12。

解:北京夏至日时昼最长,因此,根据各月1日离夏至日的长短即可判断其昼长规律,按从长到短排序为:1/7,1/6,1/8,1/5,1/9,1/4,1/10,1/3,1/11,1/2,1/12,1/1。

(每个0.5分)

3、当北京(116°19′E)的恒星时为8h45m时,某地的恒星钟指在5时30分,问:该地的经度是多少?

解:两地地方时之差等于经度差。

两地恒星时之差为8h45m-5h30m=3h15 m

(3分)

又由于该地恒星钟时刻晚于北京的恒星时,因此该地在北京的西边,故其经度为:

116°19′E-3h15m=116°19′E-48°45′=67°34′E

(3分)

4、据史书记载,公元1054年天空出现一颗新星,其亮度为-6等,距离为2000秒差距,求:⑴其绝对星等是多少?⑵其实际爆炸时间距今多少年?

解:⑴M = m+5-5lgd

M = -6+5-5lg2000 = -23.5 (公式1分,计算2分)(2)由于1秒差距=3.26光年;(1分)

因此该天体的距离为2000×3.26 = 6520光年;(1分)

故其实际爆炸时间距今(2007-1054)+ 6520 = 7473年(1分)

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