2010下第3周翻译练习(S)
请将下面三篇短文译成中文：
1.
In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.
In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.
Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family -they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.
2.
In a modern society, everyone uses advertising in one way or another. A person may obtain a job by answering a classified ad. He may decide to join an organization whose advertisements express ideas that appeal to him. In choosing food products and other items of daily living, he is usually guided or influenced by advertising. Advertisements may also influence his choice of a vacation spot, restaurant, or recreational activity.
Product advertising is closely related to selling and, in most cases, is part of an overall selling program. No matter how good a company’s product or service is, it will not sell well if no one knows about it. Advertising is the best method business firms have of telling large numbers of people about what they have to sell. One TV commercial may be seen by as many as 100,000,000 people. One magazine ad may be read by 35,000,000 people. Advertising is especially important in selling new products and services. It also keeps products and services selling by reminding buyers that they are available.
The purpose of advertising is to sell goods and services. But advertising is also a source of consumer information. Through advertising you can learn what products are available, where to buy them, and how much they cost. Sometimes you can learn the features of different brands of a product through advertisements. You may even learn about ways of using and caring for products.
Advertising brings information to the public for the purpose of selling not only products and services but also ideas or events. This information is transmitted by means of the printed word or over the air. It may be presented as a simple statement of fact, or, as is more frequently the case, it may be offered in colorful or even emotional language. Because the purpose of advertising is to influence or persuade, you must weigh carefully information you get from ads.
3.
When I saw her first there was a smoke of mist about her as high as her foreyard. Her topsails and flying kites had a faint glow upon them where the dawn caught them. Then the mist rolled away from her, so that we could see her hull and the glimmer of the red sidelight as it was hoisted inboard. She was rolling slightly, tracing an Arc against the heaven, and as I watched her the glow upon her deepened, till every sail she wore burned rosily like an opal turned to the sun, like a fiery jewel. She was radiant; she was of an immortal beauty, that swaying, delicate clipper. Coming as she came, out of the mist into the dawn, she was like a spirit, like an intellectual presence. Her hull glowed, her rails glowed; there was color upon the boats and tacking. She was a lofty ship (with skysails and royal staysails), and it was alive with her, blushing in the sun, swaying and curveting. She was alive with a more than mortal life. One thought that she would that speak in some strange language or break out into a music which would express the sea and that great flower in the sky. She came trembling down to us, rising up high and plunging; showing the red below her waterline; then diving down till the smother bubbled over her hawseholes. She bowed and curveted; the light caught the skylights on the poop; she gleamed and sparkled; she shook the sea from her as she rose. There was no man aboard of us but was filled with the beauty of that ship. I think they would have cheered her had she been a little nearer to us; but, as it was, we ran up our flags in answer to her, adding our position and comparing our chronometers, then dipping our ensigns and standing away. For some minutes I watched her, as I made up the flags before putting them back in their cupboard. The old mate limped up to me, and spat, and swore. “That’s one of the beautiful sights of the world,” he said. “That was a cornfield, and a woman with her child. It’s beauty and streng th. How would you like to have one of them skysails round your neck?” I gave him some answer, and continued to watch her, till the beauty, precise hull, with all its lovely detail, had become blurred to leeward, where the sun was now marching in triumph, the helm of a golden warrior plumed in cirrus.
FINANCIAL INNOV ATION Like other industries, the financial industry is in business to earn profits by selling its products. If a soap company perceives that there is a need in the marketplace for a laundry detergent with fabric softener, it develops a product to fit the need .Similarly, in order to maximize their profits, financial institutions develop new products to satisfy their own needs as well as those of their customers; in other words, innovation-which can be extremely beneficial to the economy-is driven by the desire to get (or stay) rich. This view of the innovation process leads to the following simple analysis: A chance in the financial institutions for innovations that are likely to be profitable. Starting in the 1960s, individuals and financial institutions operating in financial markets were confronted with drastic changes in the economic environment: Inflation and interest rates climbed sharply and became hard to predict, a situation that changed demand conditions in financial markets. Computer technology advanced rapidly, which changed supply conditions. In addition, financial regulations became especially inconvenient. Banking institution discovers many old ways of doing business being able to not have earned money again; they provide the masses finance with service and financial products sale neither well. Many financial intermediary is discovered they have no way to raise having arrived at a fund, but these self that will not a suspense of business right away with original tradition finance implement. For existing under new economy environment, research and development puts up banking institution be obliged to being able to satisfy customer need moreover the new product being able to gain a profit of and serving, this process is called financial engineering. In their case, necessity was the mother of innovation. Our discussion of why financial innovation occurs suggests that there are three basic types of financial innovations: Escapism to responding to needing condition change, to the small advantages supplying with condition change and to controlling. We have had one now understandable that banking institution is innovative for instance the cause institutions, let’s look at examples of how financial institutions in their search for profits have produced financial innovations of the three basic types. 1
标题 英文说明书翻译 拨--打【4000-—537-407】 内容简介精诚翻译提前您，找翻译服务时，请勿在收到翻译稿件之前进行银行转账，根据我们的经验，要求未做事之前银行卡付款的，很多是骗子，请你切记切记！精诚翻译五折优惠中六年经验！首推先翻译后付费模式，无效免单，免费试译，免费修改。 Putting fresh groceries in the fridge is the quickest and easiest option after a shop, but whether or not those items belong in there is another story. 把新鲜食品放冰箱里是从商店回来后最先做、也是最容易做的事，但那些食物是否该放冰箱里却是另一回事。 Surprisingly, most fruits and vegetables are better off out of the fridge at first, with many of them only needing refrigeration once fully ripe. 出人意料的是，大多数水果蔬菜最好先不要放冰箱里，其中有很多只在完全成熟之后才需要冷藏。 Daily Mail Australia spoke to leading senior nutritionist from NAQ Nutrition, Aloysa Hourigan, to find out what should be in the fridge and what should remain at room temperature. 《每日邮报》驻澳大利亚记者向NAQ Nutrition首席高级营养师阿罗伊莎霍瑞根咨询了什么该放冰箱里、什么该常温保存。 BREAD
Rise from China Today to Create Your World of Tomorrow An Intermediate Course of Translation and Interpretation in Natural English Series 一. 英语是全世界使用民族最多、使用范围最广的语言，汉语是全世界使用人口最多、使用范围越来越广的语言，在各种情况下把英语或汉语作为母语、第二语言和外国语使用的人数约占全世界人口的一半, 而且正在呈几何级数性增长。语言与文化方面的观察家们认为，随着时代的进一步发展，尤其是随着中国社会的进一步国际化，英汉两种语言之间的翻译将成为全世界信息网络翻译的主要领域。因此，如果你掌握了英、汉这两种人类使用最多的语言及其文化背景，又能在两者之间进行必要的翻译，那么在当代社会你决不会成为落伍者；在国际政治、经济、科学、艺术、交流日益频繁，全球主义文化成为时代主旋律的21世纪，你不费吹灰之力就能找到自己的用武之地。 二. 从事翻译需要在所翻译的两种语言方面都有扎实的功底，但这决不意味着只要两种语言功底好就无需学习翻译。假如你掌握了两种方言，你就会知道，把一种方言翻译成另一种方言也并非容易：有时候一种方言中的词语很难在另一种方言中找到完全对应的词语。方言之间尚且如此，在中西两种语系不同的语种之间进行翻译其难度就可想而知了。不同的语言具有不同的结构体系，其间的概念与各种形式关系并非整齐划一地个个对应，常常难以对号入座。同时，由于语言在具体的语境中使用时千变万化，无论什么双语辞典也都无法解决翻译中所有的具体问题。所以, 一个人即使熟练地掌握了两种语言，可以分别在其中任何一种语言体系中纵横自如，但在翻译时却仍然可能会不知所措，甚至会突然陷入“失语”的尴尬境地。总之，把两种语言分开来讲都讲得很好的人，一旦把二者联系起来讲就可能会遇到麻烦, 甚至哪一种也讲不好！这是因为双语交叉使用时必然会出现二者相互影响、干扰的情况。要证明这一点非常简单：请一个英、汉两种语言都很好但不从事翻译工作的人随意讲一段连续的话，请他/一句汉语一句英语地讲，看看他/能否像连续讲一种语言时那样既自然又流利，既不重复又连贯密切。总之，无数双语工作实践经验已经证明，翻译需要专门的训练，扎实的的双语功底只是通过训练学好翻译的条件。 三. 语言水平的高低永远是相对的, 语言学习也永远没有止境。因此, 我们也不能认为只有语言功底十分扎实，语言水平达到尽善尽美的程度以
①化学这门科学在当今世界非常有用。 ②y对于x的依赖关系用y=f(x)来表示。 ③各种物质的导热能力差异很大③各种物质的导热能力差异很大。 ④这个参数可以准确地加以测量。 ⑤半导体的导电率随温度的变化而变化。 ⑥原子能的恰当名称是核能。 ⑦工程材料的性质依赖于（取决于）它们的成分、结构、合成、加工。 ⑧材料科学与工程这个术语将材料科学与材料工程结合在一起，材料科学在材料知识谱的基础知识端，材料工程在应用知识端，两者之间并没有分界线。 ⑨材料的许多性质强烈依赖于其结构，即使材料的成分保持不变。这就是为什么材料中结构-性质关系或者显微结构-性质关系至关重要。 ⑩上面的两个等式极为重要。 The two equations above are of great importance. 十一.金属棒热端的分子随着那里的温度的增加而振动得越来越快。 Molecules at the hot end of a metallic rod vibrate faster as the temperature there increases. 十二.通常这些参数中有一些是已知的。 Usually some of these parameters are known. 十三.当温度低于临界温度时，电子能自由地通过晶格运动。 As temperatures below the critical temperature, the electrons move freely throughout the lattice. 十四. A随温度的这种变化主要是由B的变化引起的。 This variation of A with temperature is due primarily to variations in B. 十五.这种复杂的关系必须用图解来表示。 This complicated relationship must be representedgraphically. 十六.原子间的键合作用部分取决于原子的价电子如何结合在一起。键的类型包括金属键、共价键、离子键、范德华键。 十七.键能与键的强度有关，特别是离子键和共价键结合的材料键能很高。高键能的材料常常具有高的熔点、高的弹性模量和低的热膨胀系数。 ③许多陶瓷材料中发现的离子键是当正电性的原子失去电子给负电性的原子，产生带正电的阳离子和带负电的阴离子而形成的。
个人资料 name 姓名 alias 别名 pen name 笔名 date of birth 出生日期 birth date 出生日期 born 出生于 birth place 出生地点 age 年龄 native place 籍贯 province 省 city 市 autonomous region 自治区prefecture 专区 county 县 nationality 民族，国籍citizenship 国籍 duel citizenship 双重国籍address 地址 current address 目前地址present address 目前地址permanent address 永久地址postal code 邮政编码 home phone 住宅电话 office phone 办公电话business phone 办公电话Tel.电话 sex 性别 male 男
female 女 height 身高 weight 体重 marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚 single/unmarried 未婚divorced 离异 separated 分居 number of children 子女人数none 无 street 街 lane 胡同，巷 road 路 district 区 house number 门牌 health 健康状况 health condition 健康状况blood type 血型 short-sighted 近视 far-sighted 远视 color-blind 色盲 ID card No.身份证号码 date of availability 可到职时间available 可到职membership 会员，资格president 会长 vice-president 副会长director 理事 standing director 常务理事
False friend 绿豆green bean mung bean 方便面convenience noodles instant noodles 隐形眼镜invisible glasses contact lens 早恋early love puppy love 机械对应 干货dry goods dried goods 油性皮肤oil skin oily skin 没有考虑具体搭配 假花false flower artificial flower 假唱false singing lip-synch 番茄酱tomato sauce ketchup 食言eat one's word break a promise 农民peasant 个人主义individualism 五行 金、木、水、火、土 The Five Elements (metal,wood,water,fire and earth, held by the ancients to compose the physical universe and later used in traditional Chinese medicine to explain various physiological and pathological phenomena) 气功qigong 功夫Kong fu 太极Tai chi 风水Feng shui 阴阳Yin-yang 饺子jiaozi 荔枝litchi乌龙茶oolong 皮蛋Preserved egg 元宵Sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour 粽子A pyramid-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves. 盲流Jobless migrants 拔火罐Cupping 拜堂perform the marriage ceremony 易经Book of change号脉Feel the pulse京剧Beijing Opera龙舟Dragon boat 春节Spring Festival 春卷Spring roll 八宝莲子粥Eight-treasure Lotus Seed Porridge 文化大革命Cultural Revolution 毛泽东思想Mao Tse-tung thought 围棋Weiqi—a game played with black and white pieces on a board of 361 crosses 兔死狐悲 Literal trans: Foxes will grieve at the death of the hare Liberal trans: All things are sorry for their own kind 调虎离山 To lure the tiger out of the hills To lure the enemy from his base “我中了他的调虎离山计啦” I’ve fallen for his luring the tiger out of the hills scheme. 引狼入室 Literal: To bring the wolves into the house Liberal: to invite disasters 走马观花 To ride out on horseback to enjoy flowers To gain a superficial understanding through cursory obvservation 调查有两种方法，一种是走马观花，一种是下马看花。
英语翻译与写作复习资料一、短语翻译（Phrase Translation）：英译中，15题，共15分。 . subject to…参照….，按照…. . to arrange an interview at your convenience:在您方便的时候安排面试 . win the bidding中标 . to merit serious consideration: 值得认真考虑 . submission of tender 投标 . in one’s estimation / judgment/ opinion/view据某人的判断/评价/意见/看法 . constructive proposal建设性意见 . I was interested to see your advertisement in … and …我对你们在…上所登的广告甚感兴趣，并…… . pay attention to…对….引起注意 . tentative itinerary暂定行程 . large order大批订单 . give further details提供进一步的详细资料 . to conduct an inquiry调查 . I could not be more satisfied if you can kindly...如果你能…我将会非常满意。 .I am most reluctant to complain, but...我非常不愿意投诉，但… . be dissatisfied with…对…表示不满 be unable to keep the promise to…未能遵照承诺… . would you please forgive me for…可否请你原谅我… . give …great pleasure/ honor to…使某人感到非常荣幸 .have an opening for …有一个…空缺 . mutually beneficial cooperation双方互利的合作 .I understand from Mr. … one of your suppliers, that there is an opening in your company for … 我由…先生，系你们的供应商之一，得知贵公司有一…空缺 . to point out指出 .prior engagement先前的约定 . make for动身前往 . letter of authorization授权书 二、句子翻译（Sentence Translation）：英译中，10题，共20分。 . Our proposal has got the board’s initial approval.我们的建议得到了董事会的初步批准。 . Public relations girl at Guangzhou Holiday Inn.Full-time in summers, part-time during school. 在广州文化假日酒店当公关小姐。暑期全职，上课时兼职。 .Please extend my wishes of good luck to your family.请代我祝福你的家人好运。 .This Contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed.本合同签字生效 . This is an area that needs to be addressed in the near future.这是一个需要在不久的将来要处理的区域。 . I should like to know exactly what action has been taken.我想确切的知道已经采取什么行动。. I strongly hope that the next year will promise a brighter prospect for our company. 我衷心祝愿我们公司来年取得更加辉煌的成就。 .We regret our inability to accept your claim because the cases, when being loaded, left nothing to be desired. 很遗憾我们不能接受你的要求，因为在超载情况下，，就没有什么可期望的了。 .All activities of ABC Co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of China. ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖 .Please feel free to contact me if you need further information.如果需要更多信息请随时与我联系 .I would have applied to you for a position some time ago, if you had a vacancy. 我本来前一段时间应用到你的位置，如果你有一个空缺。 .Your assistance on my recent trip was much appreciated. Without your advice and guidance I couldn’t possibly have achieved as much as I was able to in so short a period of time. 你对我这次援助是大加赞赏。没有你们的建议和指导，我不可能在这么短的一段时间取得了我最大的成就。 . A position in management training programs with the eventual goal of participating in the management rank of marketing. 管理培训计划方面的职位，最终目标是参与市场管理层 .The job looks very challenging, but because of the thorough training I received at USC, together with your own informal coaching, I’m confident I can handle it. 这项工作看起来非常具有挑战性的，但因为我在南加州大学获得，用自己的正规的教练一起全面培训，我相信我能应付自如。 .We would appreciate having your acceptance soon so we may complete our agenda. 恳请您尽快予以答复，以便我们做出安排。 . Have the kindness to take note of our signatures at foot.请注意我们下列签名。 .We enclose our list of prices and terms, and would ask you to kindly note the signatures at foot.兹附上价目表及交易条款，并请注意下面的签名。 . All of my professional experience has been in manufacturing organizations. 我所有的专业经验，都是在制造企业领域的。 . Our proposa l has got the board’s initial approval.我们的计划已经得到了董事会的初步通过。 . An entry-level position in sales. Eventual goal: manager of marketing department. 一个入门级销售的定位。最终目标：销售部门的经理。 . All my colleagues found me responsible and innovative. 我的同事们都认为我是一个极其负责任并有创新精神的人。 三、段落翻译（Paragraph Translation ）：英
例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating（操纵） others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于 2.pretence 虚伪，虚假 6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬 例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest. 孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野；这方面一放松就倒退了几百年，实在是一点礼貌也没有。我高兴就用手抓来吃，（eat out of a can）开个罐头端着吃，站着吃；反正怎么省事就怎么吃。 3.Whatsoever 完全，全然 1.Be conditioned by 受……制约 2.Atrocious 丑恶 6 ．2 结构松散，表达过于口语化 例3．有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。“您下车吗？”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。他耐不住了，放大声问：“下车吗？”，那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子，还是哑巴？”他急了，捅了一下那女乘客，也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。（庄绎传，英汉翻译教程，1999 ：练习 3 ） 译文1：Once at the crowded door of the bus, I heard a man passenger asked politely a woman passenger before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman made no
张远 黄河The Yellow River 黄河是中国第二长河，仅次于长江。全长约5464公里。黄河发源于青海，流经9个省区，最后注入渤海。它被称为“中华文明的摇篮”。黄河流域自古是中国最富饶的地区，也是古代中华文明的诞生地。对黄河的进一步开发和利用将会为实现中国的“四个现代化”做出新的贡献。 The Yellow River Following the Yangtze River, the Yellow River is the second-longest river in China at the estimated length of 5,464 km. Originating in Qinghai, it flows through nine provinces, and empties into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River is called “the cradle of Chinese civilization”. Its basin was the most prosperous region in early Chinese history, and was the birth place of ancient Chinese civilization. The further exploitation and utilization of the Yellow River will make new contribution to the realization of Four Modernizations of China.
翻译专业本科教育为四年，一、二年级的学生必须修读英语系的核心技能课程和基础国情课程， 以继续雕琢英语的听说读写基本功并增进对英语国家社会文化的了解，同时，他们还必须修读专 门设计的小班讲授的中文课程以拓展并提升自己的母语修养。随着基础阶段教学的推进，本专业 的学生将于二年级后半期开始接受口笔译的基础训练；进入三四年级后，他们除了每周8小时的专 题笔译以及各种形式口译的高强度训练外，还需要修读以英文讲授的英语语言和文学、社会和文 化研究、国际政治与经济、国际新闻与传播等领域的选修课程以拓宽知识面，以及各种翻译专业 课程以提升学科意识和从业潜力。本科就业去向包括各大部委、各级政府或企事业单位的翻译或 外事部门、中国驻外机构、涉外出版社、传媒单位、网络媒体的海外部、涉外企业以及跨国公司，具体从事口笔译或更广义的与语言文字相关的设计、策划、咨询、跨文化交流等工作。 (三十九) 翻译理论导论 课程编号：YYY2071 课程名称：翻译理论导论 教学目的与内容： 本课程是一门理论与实践紧密结合的课程，主要内容是用理论来指导实践，通过实践来掌握理论，通过一年的翻译教学使学生掌握最基本的翻译理论，教学内容包括介绍我国翻译的历史、发展、现状和前瞻，翻译的标准和原则,翻译家所应具备的素质，英汉语言对比的分析，英语国家文化特点的汉译，直译与意译,以及翻译的基本过程与过程。如：阅读理解原文——通过上下文来理清词义——最后以汉语语言习惯表达原义等，以语言学理论为指导，在词、词组、句子、篇章四个层次上进行翻译实践，除教材外，可适时补充一些适时性强的新材料（如国际时势评论、科技发展动态等），增强学生对翻译理论的理解。 使用教材 刘宓庆：《当代翻译理论》，中国对外翻译出版公司，1999年 刘宓庆：《文体与翻译》，中国对外翻译出版公司，1986年 参考书目 Eugene A. Nida, Language, Culture, And Translation, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. John I. Saeed, Semantics, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000. Mona Baker, In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation,Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000. 黄忠廉：《翻译变体研究》，中国对外翻译出版公司，2001年 思果：《翻译研究》，中国对外翻译出版公司，2001年 考核方式： 平时成绩占30%，期末考试成绩占70%。 (四十)英汉语言文化对比研究 课程编号：YYY2081 课程名称:英汉语言文化对比研究 教学目的与内容： 鉴于翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析的基础上，本课程旨在通过对英汉两种语言在语法、修辞、文化以及思维方式等方面的对比研究，帮助学生提高英汉双向翻译的水平，要求学生对汉英两种语言各自的特点和之间的相同或相似之处进行较为详细的分析，找出其规律，以期达到更有效地从事口笔译的工作。本课程的主要以讲座和讨论的方式授课，本课程内容大致分为四个部分：词汇对比：包括词汇总特征；构词法；词汇语义学对比，语法对比：包括句型对比；时间概念表达对比；句子成分对比，修辞对比：包括夸张手法、委婉手法和逻辑关系表述对比，语篇对比：包括连贯性、思维的逻辑性、文体的多样性对比。
各种工具toolbox 工具箱 bench 工作台 vice, clamp 虎钳(美作:vise) saw 锯 bow saw 弓锯 circular saw 圆锯(美作:buzzsaw) compass saw, scroll saw 钢丝锯fretsaw 细锯 handsaw 手锯 chisel 口凿 cold chisel, burin 冰凿 gouge, firmer gouge 半圆凿 plane 刨子 moulding plane 型刨 jack plane 粗刨 rabbet plane 槽刨 drawknife 刮刀 scraper 三角刮刀 rasp 粗锉 file 锉 square 尺
miter 斜槽规 scriber 近线尺 set square, triangle 三角板brace 手拉曲柄锉 hand drill 手钻 drill, bit 钻,有柄钻 gimlet, auger 钻,无柄钻countersink 锥口钻 gauge, marking gauge 量规hammer 锤 mallet 木槌 nail 钉 brad 平头钉 tack, stud 圆头钉 screw 螺丝钉 screwdriver 螺丝刀,改锥screw tap 螺丝攻 nail puller 拔钉器 ruler 尺 tape measure 卷尺 folding ruler 折尺sandpaper, emery paper 砂纸
toolbox 工具箱 bench 工作台 vice, clamp 虎钳(美作:vise) saw 锯 bow saw 弓锯 circular saw 圆锯(美作:buzzsaw) compass saw, scroll saw 钢丝锯fretsaw 细锯 handsaw 手锯 chisel 口凿 cold chisel, burin 冰凿 gouge, firmer gouge 半圆凿plane 刨子 moulding plane 型刨 jack plane 粗刨 rabbet plane 槽刨 drawknife 刮刀 scraper 三角刮刀 rasp 粗锉 file 锉 square 尺 miter 斜槽规
英文资料翻译原文 Boiler management: General management principles and operating procedures are well known and must be always followed to avoid boiler mishap. With many small package boiler,the automatic control sequence usually ensures that the boiler fire is initially ignited from a diesel oil supply,and changed over to the usual source when ignition is completed.With good management ,to facilitate subsequent starting from cold,the fuel system of large boilers will have been flushed through with diesel oil when the boiler was on light duty immediately prior to being secured.When burning such diesel fuel it is essential for safety that only the correct(small) burner tip should be used.It should be kept in mind that if fire does not light,immediately shut off fuel and vent furance. Complete ignition of fuel in the furance is essential.The burner flame,the smoke indicator and the funnel should be frequently observed.With satisfactory combustion,the flame should appear incandescent with an orange shade at the flame tip,and a faint brownish haze should show at the funnel.If on fist ignition the flame is uncertain,badly shaped and separates from the primary swirler ,momentary opening or closing of air register may correct. The PH value of the boiler feed water should kept between 8 and 9 and the boiler density less than 300 ppm but,if water samples show a heavy concentration of suspended mater,short blow-downs of 20 seconds duration should be given until the sludge content is seen to be reduced.The boiler should be blown down when the oil burner is operating,the water level lowered and then restored to prove the functioning of the low water cut-out and the oil burner start-up equipment.the boiler scum valve should also be operated at this time to keep the water level clear floating scum. Fuel burner components and igniter electrodes should be cleaned weekly and the furance examined to ensure that there are no excess carbon deposits. Tubes in the exhaust gas section of the boiler should be brushed through at about six-monthly intervals,and those in the oil-burning section periodically examined and cleaned as necessary with a wire bristle brush.With correct feed water treatment,blow-down procedures and sludge contents in water samples at a stable level,it should not be necessary to wash out the water side of the boiler more than once every three or four months. Boiler fires may be out of for long periods when a ship is at sea and the boiler steaming maintained by heat input from waste heat recovery plant.This operation is free from hazard,but feed water and boiler water treatment must be maintained to prevent internal deterioration or scale formation.Water level controller must be kept operable to protect external steam-using plant from water “carry-over”danger. If a boiler is isolated from the steam-using system it must be kept either in closed dry storage with a suitable internal desiccant,or completely full of treated water,or under a low steam pressure preferably maintained by a steam-heated coil. Regular testing of boiler protective devices must be implemented. Frequent comparison of drum-mounted and remote reading water level