初高中英语知识衔接方略
编写：张春晓王媛媛
学法指导
初中英语和高中英语的学习属于两个不同的学段，两者之间存有知识的断层，但并非不可逾越，其中还是有衔接的规律可循。现行初高中英语教材的教学要求有明显的梯度,初中侧重于基础知识,强调听说领先;高中则侧重于培养学生的阅读理解能力和语言运用及读写能力。初中课文中句型较简单,基础知识占一定比例，学生容易接受；而高中课文句型较为复杂，词汇量明显增多，出现一些难句、长句，并且语法繁杂。教学要求的梯度和侧重点的转移使高中一年级学生一时难以适应，而高一的起步关系到整个高中阶段的成败。因此，在高中入学前后的这段时间内，通过复习高中学习阶段必备的初中知识，并预学部分高中知识，提前熟悉和掌握高中的学习方法，学生就可以扎实地迈好从初中到高中的第一步。有鉴于此，我们精心编写了这套初高中英语衔接教材，旨在从知识、学习方法、认知等方面帮助学生架设“阶梯”，使学生都能顺利越过知识的“台阶”，实现学习方法的转变，养成良好的预习、复习、使用工具书、整理错题、写日记等良好习惯，从而尽快适应高中阶段的学习。好的习惯是我们通向成功的一把钥匙。高一阶段，应特别注意养成以下几个新的学习习惯。
1．使用工具书的习惯。
工具书是“自学的好帮手”。这里的工具书指的是：字典和语法工具书。我建议同学们选择一本英汉双解词典作自己的良师益友，遇到词汇方面的疑问不要被动等待老师解答，而是要主动地学会自己查词典求得答案。而且必须要把它养成习惯，这同时也是一种能力的培养。另外也要手头自备一本好的英语语法工具书，如《薄冰语法》等，养成遇到比较难的语法时，不要急着问老师，要自己查工具书，要养成借助于工具书进行课外阅读的习惯，除了阅读，要有意识地运用所学的语法知识造句写作文，能够正确地理解语言和运用语言，达到学习语法的目的——学以致用。
2．预习的习惯。
预习是一种有效提高学习效率的好方法。课前的预习就是为了给自己寻疑，有了疑问才有一种探寻答案的迫切愿望，才能重视寻求答案的过程——这个过程正是我们主动地参与课堂教学的过程。高中英语对学生的预习要求是英语教学的一个重要环节。预习给学生提供了锻炼自学能力的舞台，对其英语学习帮助很大。不过，英语学习预习能力的培养，预习习惯的养成是个长期而复杂的过程，要使预习变为主动并产生效果，教师还要做好充分的学生预习方法指导，在平常的教学中要有意识地布置预习任务，预习习惯的培养将会为学生学习英语这门学科打下良好，坚实的基础。
3．复习总结的习惯。
为进一步理解课堂所学知识，课后应整理笔记，复习重点难点，熟读或背诵重要词句。通过归纳、分析、比较，使知识具有条理化。
4．朗读的习惯。
外语不光是文字，它首先是语言。语言是要讲要读的。然而大多中国人都存有羞涩心理并且缺少英语学习必需的语言环境，因此朗读显得由为重要，它有助于改进语音语调，增强语感，并且对听力和口语也有很大的促进作用，朗读得熟练了就有助于做听力时对词句的快速反应，也为流利地表达创造了条件。所以每次英语早读都要开口读，养成朗读的习惯。
5．阅读课外书与摘抄的习惯。
初中英语教学一般只限于课本，到了高中阶段，英语阅读能力作为一个侧重培养目标，仅限于课本的阅读就不够了。我们应选择适合自己水平和兴趣的英语读物，随身携带，随时阅读，作好摘
记。要讲究阅读方法，把重心放在提高阅读速度和阅读效率上。通过广泛阅读，既培养阅读兴趣、习惯、技巧和能力，扩大词汇量，又能拓展视野，丰富跨文化的知识。
6．整理错题的习惯。
对每次作业、考试中出现的错误都要及时认真地进行整理反思，把错误原因弄明白，以便能够对症下药；同时提高改错的目的性和自觉性。这样，学习中的每一个问题就会及时得以解决，学习就会步步顺利。
7．写日记的习惯。
写日记，贵在平时坚持，没有捷径可走。一开始务必养成勤动笔的习惯，有话则长，无话则短；有时间多写，没时间少写。但随着词汇的增加，应朝着使用高级词汇、复杂句子结构和多使用关联词语的方向过渡。这样做对以后的写作很有好处，在高考中才能取得理想的作文成绩。
附：初高中重点衔接词汇一览：
able能够；有能力的abroad在国外；到国外
absent缺席的；不在的accept接受
accident事故achieve完成；达到
across越过activity活动；行动
advantage优点；优势adventure激动人心的活动；冒险
advertisement广告advice建议
advise建议；劝告afford买得起；担负得起
against靠；依；与……相对；相反agree同意
ago以前airport机场；航空港
alive活着的allow允许
almost几乎alone孤单的；孤独的
along沿着already已经；早已
although虽然；尽管amazing令人高兴的；令人吃惊的
among在……之中anywhere任何地方
appear出现arrive到达
as如同asleep睡着的
at a time一次attention注意力
Australia澳大利亚Australian澳大利亚的
avoid避免awake醒着的
away……掉；……去background背景
badly坏地；糟糕地beat打，打败
because因为become成为
beef牛肉before以前
begin开始behaviour行为
believe认为；相信belong属于
besides而且；除……之外between在……之间beyond在……之外bill帐单
bite咬blind瞎的
born出生boring无聊的；令人生厌的both两个；两个都breathe呼吸
bring带来burn烧，烧焦；燃烧business商业；生意camera相机
Canadian加拿大人careful认真的
careless粗心的；马虎的catch抓住；接住
cause造成；引起celebrate庆祝celebration庆祝活动典礼chance机会
character角色；性格check检查
choose选择，挑选clearly清楚地
close亲近的；近的collect收集
collection收集college大学，学院comfortable舒适的；舒服的communicate交流；沟通company剧团；公司；伙伴competition竞争connect连接conversation谈话
cover覆盖；遮掩crowd人群
cut剪；切damage损害
danger危险dead死的
deal处理；应付decide决定
decision决定decorate装饰
dentist牙医depend依靠
describe描述；形容destroy毁坏；破坏develop发展，进步dictionary字典，词典
die死，去世difference不同；差异difficult困难的discover发现
discuss讨论；谈论disease病；疾病
divide分，隔开dress穿衣服；连衣裙
drop扔；落下；掉下drug药品；毒品
during在……期间easily容易地；简单地education教育effect影响
effort努力either两者之一的
elder年长的eleventh第十一
else其他encourage鼓励
end结束；结尾energetic精力充沛的
enjoy享受enough足够的，充足的environment环境especially特别，尤其European欧洲的even甚至
except除了……之外excuse借口
exercise锻炼；运动expensive昂贵的
experience经验；经历experiment试验；实验
expert专家explain解释；说明
fail失败fall秋天
family家庭fantastic极好的
favourite特别喜爱的feel摸起来；感觉
festival节日fill装满
fit适合，合身fly飞行
follow跟随；追随forgive原谅
freedom自由fresh新鲜的
friendly友好的from从……来
full装满的；充满的fun有趣的事；逗人乐的活动give给glasses眼镜
government政府graduate毕业生
grammar语法grow生长；种植
habit习惯hair头发
half一半happen发生
hardly几乎不hate憎恨
headache头痛health健康
healthy健康的hear听见
heaven天堂height高度
help帮助hold举办；召开；拿；举；持；拥有honest诚实的；正直的hope希望
however不管多么impolite无礼的；粗鲁的immediately立刻；马上importance重要性
impossible不可能的improve提高；改进
include包括；包含including包含；包括
increase增长information信息
influence影响instead代替；而不是
instruction介绍；说明instrument乐器
interest兴趣；爱好international国际的
interview采访；会见；面试introduce介绍
introduction介绍；入门invent发明；创造
invite邀请join参加；加入
keep保持；使保持某种状态kitchen厨房
knife刀knowledgeable知识渊博的；有见识的last维持；持续latest最近的；最新的
lead带领；领导leave离开
let让license执照；许可证
lively活泼的；轻快的lonely孤独的
loudly大声地；吵闹地lovely可爱的；有趣的
luckily幸运地lucky幸运的
magazine杂志mainly主要地；大体地
make做；制造manage想方设法；达成
marry结婚match相称；匹配
maybe也许mean意思是；意味
medical医学的medicine医学
memory内存；记忆mention提及
message信息；信mind介意
mistake错误modern现代的
mouse鼠标；老鼠museum博物馆
national民族的；国家的nearly几乎
necessary有必要的need需要
neighbor邻居；邻人neither两者都不
nervous情绪不安的；紧张的never从不
next在……旁边noise噪音；嘈杂声
noisy吵闹的none没有一个
nothing没有什么；没有东西notice注意到
offer提议；给予often经常
once曾经；一度；一次operate动手术
opinion意见；观点；主张opposite在……的对面
order顺序；命令other其他的；另外的
ours我们的ourselves我们自己
own拥有Pacific太平洋
palace宫殿paper纸
pardon请再说一遍pass通过；经过；传递
passenger乘客past过去
patience耐心patient有耐性的；忍耐的pay支付；付peace安宁；和平
percent百分数perfect完美的；理想的perhaps也许photography摄影；照相pilot飞行员plan计划；打算
please使同意；使高兴；使愉悦pleasant令人愉快的；舒适的plenty富足；充足police警察
polite礼貌的population人口
possibly可能地；或许；也许post邮件；邮递
practise练习prefer更喜爱
prepare准备private私人的
progress进步promise保证；发誓pronunciation语音；发音protect保护
provide提供public公共的，公众的punish惩罚，处罚quarter四分之一
quiet安静的；轻声的rather宁愿；宁可
reach到达realize认识到；了解；明白receive收到；接到recently最近
refuse拒绝；谢绝relaxed放松的；得到休息的repair修复reply回答
require需要ring响；鸣；打电话rubbish垃圾safe安全的
safety安全safely安全地
save保存；挽救scientific科学的
seem看起来；似乎serious严肃的；严重的
serve端上；服务；招待shake摇晃
shine照耀should应该；将要
sick不适的；患病的silence寂静；沉默
similar相似的simple简单的
since从……以来situation情况
skate滑冰smart漂亮的；时髦的
smoke吸烟social社会的
society社团；协会specially特意地；专门地speech演说；讲演spend花费
spirit灵魂；神灵spread散播；传播
steal偷strict严格的；严厉的
stupid笨的；蠢的succeed成功；做到
success成功；胜利successful成功的
sudden突然的suggest建议；提出
suggestion建议surprise使惊奇；使意外
surprised感到惊讶的take获得；拿；抓
technology科技；技术temperature温度
terrible极坏的；可怕的than比
thought想法；思想；思考thousand千
throw扔；抛tie领带
tired劳累的tiring累人的
tourist游客towards往；向；朝……方向traditional传统的traffic交通
translate翻译translation翻译
true真的；真实的truth真实；真理
twentieth第二十university大学
unless如果不；除非until直到……时；到……为止useful有用的vacation假期；休假
value行为准则；价值virus病毒
vocabulary词汇voice声音
wake叫醒；醒来warn警告；注意
waste浪费；滥用weak弱的；无力的
wear穿；戴weather天气
western西方的whatever任何；无论什么
while当……的时候win赢；获胜
without无；没有wonderful绝妙的；了不起的worry担心；焦虑；苦恼would愿意
wound伤；伤口write写
yourself你自己
a number of许多above all首先
at the age of在……岁时all the time一直，总是
all over遍布ask for 要……
at least至少at the beginning of 在……的开始at the end of在……结尾；在……结束时at work在工作
pay attention to集中注意力于be good at擅长
go to college上大学come out出版
come up出现，发生on earth究竟
either…or…要么……要么……；不是……就是
in the end最后even though即使
fall asleep入睡fall off跌落
feel like觉得look forward to期待
in front of在……前面full of装满……的
get off下get out of从……内出来
get ready for为……准备好get to到达
give up放弃go off熄灭；停
grow up成长，长大成人hear about听说
hear of听说heavy rain大雨；暴雨instead of代替；而不是(be) interested in对……感兴趣look after照顾look over从……上面看
make friends (with)和……交朋友(be) made from由……制造(be) made of用……制造(be) made up of组成，构成Don’t mention it．不客气not…any more不再……not…at all一点也不……in order to为了
pay back偿还plenty of许多
语法篇
初中重点语法知识回顾：
第一讲句子成分和句子结构
一：句子成分由词或词组充当, 英语的基本成分有七种
主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）、表语（predicative）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)，补语（complement）。
（1）. 主语S
主语(Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。：
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 名词
2.We often speak English in class. 代词
3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 数词
4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 不定式
5.Smokin g does harm to the health. 动名词
6.The rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 主语从句
8.It is necessary to master a foreign language。it 为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语
（2）. 谓语（V）
谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
He practices running every morning.
The plane took off at ten o’clock.
2、复合谓语：
由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cold.
注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
（3）表语（P）
表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词之后。表语从句表示。例如：
1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
2.Is it yours?（代词）
3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
4.The speech is exciting.（分词）
5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）
7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
8.The meeting is of great importance.（介词短语）
9.Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。
1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, stand, 例如：He always keep silent at meeting.
3）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
4）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that.
除此之外，还有prove, turn out, appear, seem等。
The rumor proved false.
His plan turned out a success。
（4）宾语(O)
宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
1.They visited an exhibition yesterday.名词
2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 代词，动名词
3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 名词，数词
4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 名词化形容词，名词
5.He pretended not to see me. 不定式
6.I enjoy listening to popular music. 动名词
7.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 宾语从句
宾语种类：
1）双宾语（间接宾语O+直接宾语O）
Lend me your dictionary, please.
He gave me a book yesterday. Buy sth for sb
2）复合宾语（宾语O+宾补C）构成逻辑上的主谓关系
1. They elected him their monitor. 名词
2.They painted their boat white. 形容词
3.Let the fresh air in. 介词
4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 不定式
5.We saw her entering the room.动名词
6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 介词短语
7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. 从句
修饰，限制，描述或补充说明名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。
1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）
4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons. (定语从句)
（6）状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制，
1.Light travels most quickly. 副词及副词性短语
2.He has lived in the city for ten years.介词短语
3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. 不定式
4.He sat there , reading a book分词短语做伴随状语
5.Wait a minute. 名词
6.Once you begin, you must continue. 状语从句
9种状语种类如下：
1. How about meeting again at six? 时间
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f92665656.html,st night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 原因
3.I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 条件
4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 地点
5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 方式
5. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 伴随
6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 目的
7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 结果
8.She works very hard though she is old. 让步
9.I am taller than he is. 比较
（7）同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：
This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.
We students should study hard.
We all are students.
（8）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe---)等，如：
To be frank, I do n’t quite agree with you.
二：英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
1：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
2：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）
3：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
4：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
5：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型一：Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词）
1. The sun │ rose.
2. Who │cares?
3. What he said │does not matter.
4. They │talked for half an hour.
5. The pen │writes smoothly
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ（表语）
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinne r │smells │good.
3. He │fell │in love.
4. Everything │looks │different.
5. He │is growing │tall and strong.
6. Our well │has gone │dry.
7. His face │turned │red.
基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物动词）│ Ｏ（宾语）
1. Who │knows │the answer?
2. He │has refused │to help them.
3. He │enjoys │reading.
4. He │said │"Good morning."
5. He │admits │that he was mistaken.
基本句型四：ＳＶO Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ O（多指人）│ Ｏ（多指物）
1.She │ordered │herself │a new dress.
2. He │brought │you │a dictionary.
3. I │showed │him │my pictures.
4. I │told │him │that the bus was late.
5. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.
基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语）│ Ｃ（宾补）1. They │painted │the door │green.
2. This │set │them │thinking.
3. They │found │the house │deserte d.
4. He │asked │me │to come back soon.
5. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.
三：Practice makes perfect.
(一) 选择句子结构
a，ＳＶb，ＳＶＰc，ＳＶＯ
d，ＳＶｏＯe，ＳＶＯＣ
1. Please tell us a story._______
2. She smiled.______
3. I have a lot work to do._____
4. His job is to train swimmers._____
5. He noticed a man enter the room._____
6. Please look at the picture._____
（二）.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
（三）翻译下列句子
主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）
1．你应当努力学习。
2.她昨天回家很晚。
3.那天早上我们谈了很多。
4.会议将持续两个小时。
5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
1.昨晚我写了一封信。
2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3.这本书他读过多次了。
4.他们成功地完成了计划。
5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语）
1.我的兄弟都是大学生。
2.冬季白天短，夜晚长。
3.孩子们，请保持安静。
4.树叶已经变黄了。
5.这个报告听起来很有意思。
双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。
4. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。
5. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
复合宾语结构（主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
1.我们叫她Alice.
2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3.我们要使学校变得更美丽。
4.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
5.我们不会让她在晚上外出的。
There be 句型1．今晚没有会。
2.这个村子过去只有一口井。
3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师
4.灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
5.恰好那时房里没人。
简单句、并列句和复合句
句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
考点1.简单句
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。如：
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
（画线部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单句。）
改错：
It not only costs little money but also comfortable.
答案与解析：第一个谓语是实义动词，第二个是系表结构，应带be，因此要在also前加is。
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
考点2.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的并列句改错：
①.He likes English, his English is very good. ×
②.His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. ×
当一个句子中含有两个简单句时，就要考虑两个简单句的连接问题了。直接用逗号连接两个简单句是错误的。
这时我们可以用and, but, or等并列连词来连接这两个句子；也可以用分号（;）来连接。此时，这两个简单句（此时也可称作分句）之间是并列关系，不能说一个分句作了另一个分句的什么成分。
用并列连词或分号连接起来的句子是并列句。
上两句可以改为：
①.He likes English；his English is very good. (用分号连接)
He likes English, so/and his English is very good.
②.His wife was ill; he had to stay at home. (用分号连接)
His wife was ill, so/and he had to stay at home.
考点并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name i s John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等
。e.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
考点3.复合句
A.用从属连词连接的句子是复合句。
还先看上面的两个错句：
①.He likes English, his English is very good.×
②.His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. ×
我们还可以用从属连词来连接。这两句话可改为：
①.Because he likes English, his English is very good.
When he likes English, his English is very good.
②.Because his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.
When his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.
先看第一个句子。当用because连接时，译为“因为他喜欢英语，（所以）他的英语非常好”。主要说的是“他的英语非常好”，“他喜欢英语”是他英语好的原因。因此：―his English is very good‖是主句，―because he likes English‖是原因状语从句。QQ329950885
当用when连接时，译为“当他喜欢英语时，他的英语非常好”。主要说的是“他的英语非常好”，“他喜欢英语”是他英语好的时间。因此，―his English is very good‖是主句，―when he likes English‖是时间状语从句。
同理，句②修改后，前面分别为原因状语从句和时间状语从句，后面是主句。
像上面这样，用从属连词连接两个简单句之后，一个句子是主要的（主句），另外一个句子（从句）是说明主要句子发生的时间、原因、条件等，这样构成的句子称为复合句。
B.当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。从词或词组升级后的
句子是从句，除从句以外的是主句，整个句子是复合句。
①T he boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。）
The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.
（当over there变为who is wearing a hat时，句子就含有两个主谓结构，一个是The boy is my brother，是主句；who is wearing a hat是the boy的定语，称为定语从句。who既作从句成分，又起着从属连词的作用。）
②I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。）
I was doing my homework when he came in.
（I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构，he came in也是一个主谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语，是时间状语从句。因此本句是复合句，when是从属连词。）
③It is wrong. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。）
What he said is wrong.
（what he said，是一个主谓结构。What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构，What he said 作主语，is wrong系表结构作谓语，因此，本句是复合句。What he said是主语从句；what既作从句成分又起着从属连词的作用）
从上面这几个句子，我们可以看出：
C.一个句子如果含有从句，如名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定
语从句和状语从句等，这个句子就是复合句。
练习1.判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。
1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3.There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in
the evening.
5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8.What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
11.Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my Dad on the farm.
第二讲：动词的时态
英语时态
一般现在时
一般现在时通常用动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数（he, she, it, Tom）时需要在在动词原形后面加-e或-es.如：
一般现在时的基本用法
1.表示主语现在的特征和状态，通常不用时间状语。
He is twelve, she is at home. She likes bread.
2. 表示经常发生、反复发生的动作。这种用法中与always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never, once a week 等频度副词连用。
She often goes to the movies on weekends.
--When is your birthday?
--My birthday is January 15th.
3.表示客观真理、科学事实、格言等。
The sun always rises in the east.太阳总是从东方升起。
The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
4.一般现在表示将来时。
①. 表示按时间表拟定的或安排好，到时就发生的事情或动作。
The train arrives at 10:30. There is plenty of time.火车十点三十分到达，还有充足的时间。
She comes back next week.她下周会回来。
②在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中。
I will discuss this with you when we meet next time.下次见面时咱们再讨论。
If he arrives, please give me a phone call.
现在进行时
构成：be(am, is are)+现在分词。
现在进行时的基本用法
(1).表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与now, at the moment等连用。有时句首有look, listen等。
What are doing?
I am watching TV.
(2).表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
We are working on a farm these days.
I am writing a book this month.
(3).现在进行时可以表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，尤其是一些表示位置移动的词，如come, go, leave, start, arrive.等句中往往有表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week等
--What are you doing for vacation?
--I am babysitting my sister.
--When are they going?
--They’re going next week.
一般将来时
(1).助动词will/shall+动词原形
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常常带有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next week, in two days, in the future, from now on等
We will come to see you next week.
Do you think there will be robots in people’s home?
表示事情的必然性。
It will be Tuesday tomorrow.
I will 18 years old next year.
(2).be going to+动词原形
表示按计划、安排，打算要做的事情，或者有迹象表明将要发生的事情。
I am going to check my e-mail this evening.
It is going to rain.
(3).be to do结构表示将来
这种结构表示计划中约定的活按职责、义务、要求必须做的事情或即将发生的动作。
My dream is to be a great scientist.
Your homework is to be handed in next Monday.你的作业下周一必须交上。
(4).be about to表将来
这一结构表示马上要发生的事情，不强调主观，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。
Be quiet. The film is about to start.安静，电影马上开始了。
一般过去时
一般过去时是由动词的过去式来表示的。一般过去时表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
动词的过去式的构成分为规则与不规则两类。规则动词的过去式构成如下
The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything but could make decisions by myself. Besides, my parents didn’t seem to think so. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home for college. At last, I will be on their own, but I still want to have my parents to turn whenever I need help. I was reading an article in a book while I came across a word I didn’t know. “Dad, what is the meaning of the word?”My dad, as he usual did after work, was watching his most favorite show. “You have the dictionary, don’t you?”he shot back. He didn’t even look up my face. I went back my room, and there on my study table is that dictionary. I looked it up and found it’s exact meaning. Ten year have passed and I still use that dictionary, along with the lesson I received earlier in life from my old man: to be independent.
第二章语音基本知识 一、26个英文字母及发音音标 A a [eI] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:] F f [ef] G g [d?i:] H h [eIt?] I i [aI] J j [d?eI] K k [keI] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [??] P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′d∧blju:] X x [eks] Y y [waI] Z z [zi:][zed] 从以上我们可以看出，英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素，比如： 1）含元音音素[eI] 字母： Aa Hh Jj Kk 音标： [eI] [eIt?] [d?eI] [keI] 2）含元音音素[i:] 字母： Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv 音标： [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d?i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:] 3）含元音音素[e] 字母： Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz 音标： [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed] 4）含元音音素[ju:] 字母： Uu Qq Ww 音标： [ju:] [kju:] [`d∧blju:] 5）含元音音素[aI] 字母： Ii Yy 音标： [aI] [waI] 二、英语音标 英语音标一共有48个，具体如下： 元音 12个单元音 长元音 [i:] [З:] [?:] [u:] [ɑ:] 短元音 [e] [?] [?] [?] [?] [?][Λ] 8个双元音 [aI] [eI] [?I] [??] [I?] [e?] [??] [a?] 辅音
文档说明： 1. 本文档经过本人认真校对并排版，能力有限，难免有不良之处。欢迎指出。 2. 百度文库中看到的文档，可能会有不清、前后错乱等问题，是因为文档转换显示的问题； 本文编排时是没有那些问题的。下载后用应该没问题。 3. 文档板式：中文字体是宋体五号；英文是Times New Roman 小四。页眉有内容提要， 页脚有页码。 4. 全国I 卷适用地区：安徽、湖北、福建、湖南、山西、河北、江西、广东、河南、山东 5. 全国II 卷适用地区：甘肃、青海、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、宁夏、新疆、内蒙古、陕西、 重庆 6. 全国III 卷适用地区：云南、四川、广西、贵州、西藏 高考真题2019 年英语改错（含答案）全国卷一二三汇编 2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I） 英语改错（含答案） 第四部分写作（共两节，满分35 分） 第一节短文改错（共10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改10 处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。 I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone's surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now. 2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷II） 英语改错（含答案）
初高中英语衔接 专题一：名词考点集汇，讲解和训练 【名师点睛】 一、名词的数 1．单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下： （1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,do ctor→doctors, boy→boys 。 （2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。 （3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。 （4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i” 再加-es,例如：city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy →boys, day→days 。 （5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potat oes，tomato→tomatoe s,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些外来 词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。 （6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves, half→halves。 复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。 复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法 情况读法例词 在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后[s] cups, hats, cakes 在[s][z][t][d3][F]等音后 [iz] glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在[b][d][g][v]等浊辅音后[z] beds, dogs, cities, knives （7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot →feet，child→children，mouse→mice。 【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man,
英语语法基础知识(适用于初高中衔接) 第一部分语法框架 词类：名词、动词、形容词、副词、冠词、数词、介词、代词、连词 语句子成分：主、谓、宾，定、状、补，同位、表 法主语+谓语 句简主语+谓语+宾语 法单主语+谓语+宾语（间宾）+宾语（直宾） 按句主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 结主语+系动词+表语 构并列句：简单句+并列连词+简单句 分定语从句 复合句：主句+从句状语从句 句名主语从句 子词宾语从句 结性 构从同位语从句 句表语从句 陈述句：肯定句/否定句 按疑一般疑问句：将be/情态动词/助动词do/does/did/have/has/had移到主语前构成 语问特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(what/when/where/why/which/how…)+一般疑问句 气句选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句（通常省去与前句相同的内容） 分反义疑问句：前肯后否；前否后肯 祈使句：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等，以动词原形开头 What +名词+主语+谓语! 感 What+形容词+名词+主语+谓语! 叹 How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语! 句 How +形容词+ a +单数可数名词+主语+谓语! How +主语+谓语! 第二部分词类
第三部分句子成分及简单句 一、简单句的五大基本句型： 主语+ 谓语 名词/代词/动名词/不定式+ 不及物动词 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语 名词/代词/动名词/不定式+ 及物动词+ 名词/代词/动名词/不定式 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语（间宾）+ 宾语（直宾）名词/代词/动名词/不定式+ 及物动词+ 代词+ 名词 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾补 名词/代词/动名词/不定式+ 及物动词+ 代词+ 代词/名词/数词/非谓语动词/副词/形容词/介词短语 主语+ 系动词+ 表语 名词/代词/动名词/不定式+ 系动词+ 代词+ 代词/名词/数词/非谓语动词/副词/形容词/介词短语 实例依次如下：She arrived (on time). 主谓(状) 她按时到了。 We will accept (their) invitation. 主谓(定)宾 我们将接受他们的邀请。 The company offered him a well-paid job. 主谓+直宾+间宾 那家公司给他提供了一份待遇丰厚的工作。 All of them consider him considerate. 主谓宾+宾补 他们大家都认为他很体贴。 This is an exciting result. 主系表 这是一个令人激动的结果。 二、句子八大成分：主语、谓语、宾语，定语、状语、补语，同位语、表语（主谓宾，定状补，同位表） 1、主语
高中英语改错练习题含答案 1 A shopkeeper once found that a bag money 56._______ had been stolen from his shop. He went to the 57._______ judge (法官 and tell him about his loss(损失 . 58._______ The judge ordered all people of the shop 59._______ to come before him. He took a number of the 60._______ sticks of equal length(长度 or gave one stick 61._______ to each person. Then he said, “Come after me 62._______ again tomorrow. I’ll then know which of you are 63._______ the thief because the stick given to a thief 64._______ w ill be one inch longer than the other. ” 65._______ 2 Miss Evans taught physics in school in London. Last month 56._____ she was explaining to one of her class about sound , and 57._____ she decide to test them to see how successful she had 58._____ been i n her work. She said to them, “Now I has a sister 59._____ in Washington. If I was calling her by the phone, and 60._____ you were on the other side of the street. Who would 61._____ hear me first, my sister and you? And why? ” 62._____ A clever boy at once answered, “You sister, Miss 63._____ Evans , because the electricity travels much faster than sound 64._____ waves . ” “Very well, ” Miss Evans praised. 65.______ 3
新课改背景下的初高中英语教学衔接的策略研究 开题报告 一、课题提出的背景 （一）现状需要 1.教学目标的差异 《新课标》要求初中英语教学在听、说、读、写方面达到五级要求。而高中英语教学需要达到八级，才能参加高考选拔性的考试。以词汇为例，初中阶段要求把握约1500个词汇，200—300个短语以及基本的语法知识。而高中则要达到3500个单词和300—400个习惯用语及固定搭配，语法结构也明显复杂起来。而且高中英语对学生口头和笔头的语言综合运用能力的要求明显提高。语言技能上，初中应侧重听说能力的培养，兼顾读写能力的训练。而目前一些初中学校，因受师资水平、学习环境、应试教育的残留思想与方法的影响，往往在教学过程中强调笔头上的应试，对学生语音、听力的培养有所忽视，从而导致学生听、说方面的基本技能差。而高中在兼顾听说能力训练的同时，侧重读写能力的培养，尤其是阅读能力的培养。由此，高中英语学习与测试的重点已从初中的基础知识转向语言能力的综合运用。 2.教学方法的差异 初中课堂教学容量较小，知识单一，教师讲解可能比较慢而细，甚至逐字翻译；而高中英语教师要求全英文授课，且课堂容量大，致使综合性强，侧重精讲精练。以语法、词汇学习为例，初中以讲解、归纳后记忆、操练和运用为主要形式；而高中则是在老师指导下，由学生通过积极尝试、自我探究、自主发现和主动实践等方式，从语言现象中归纳出规律，然后进行运用。除此之外，因高中学习环境的重新组合及多样化，教师的课堂教学更富于指导性，学生学习更趋于自主化，因此，学生如仍沿用初中学法而不进行预习、复习、总结等自主规划或调整，只会使初高中间的落差越来越大。 3.学习方法和习惯的差异
岳池一中高2014级
初高中英语衔接资料 高中英语学法指导 迈进高中的校门，面对全新的学习环境，同学们进入了一个新的学习阶段。学习内容及难度与过去初中有了很大的改变，因而学习方法也应当相应地有所改变。在初中阶段，英语学习主要重视对于简单英语知识和语法的学习，而到了高中阶段则侧重于培养英语的的综合能力，这就需要我们把学到的知识灵活运用到对语言、文章的理解中，不断提高分析判断能力、逻辑思维能力和语言运用能力。因此我们应当讲求学习策略，制定符合自己的学习方法和目标，力争从一开始就养成一个良好的学习习惯，使自己充满信心，学好英语。 一、学习英语首先从总体上中要注意的几点： 1、要点滴积累，不要急于求成。 记住：Rome isn’t built in one day! (罗马不是一天就建成的)。急于求成就可能会造成消化不良，或者一事无成的结果。急于求成往往表现为对自己提出过高的要求。这样做往往会给自己很大压力，进而对自己逐渐失去信心，失去兴趣。只有逐步的积累，才能聚沙成塔、集腋成裘，由量的积累进而实现质的变化，从而实现英语成绩的飞跃提升和自己语言运用能力的提高。 2、要把握英语学习的规律，善于积累。 语言的学习应听、说、读、写全面发展，在开始阶段应侧重以听说为主。然后逐步加大阅读，毕竟高中英语学习阶段主要以阅读理解是主要的培养目标。养成每天阅读一定的英文的好习惯会让你终身受益。 记住：Ten mimutes every day is better than ten hours in a day! 我们要尊重记忆规律，利用点滴时间，与其他学科穿插进行。特别是早晨是学习英语的大好时光。 3、要树立信心，不要妄自菲薄。 “有的同学在初中阶段英语学习的并不是很好，对高中学习也失去了信心。其实，语言学习就是一个积累的过程，只要我们在高中阶段认真学习，把握英语学习的规律，就一定能够将这一学科学好。无数的实践也反复证明了这一道理，很多在初中阶段英语基础并不是很好的同学，到了高中之后掌握了正确的学习方法并且努力学习，一样可以将英语学得很好。 4、要做到博闻强识，加强背诵。 许多语言教育专家指出：语言能力的强弱与掌握语言材料的多寡成正比。语言材料输入量越大，语言能力提高越快，其中背诵是一种强化语言材料输入的好方法，是不可缺少的语言学习环节。另外还要学会主动出击，不要坐等人教；要持之以恒，不要三天打鱼两天晒网。 二、高中阶段具体的学习方法 1、把握好课堂学习这一主阵地。 课堂上要积极参与，不能做被动的听众。提高课堂效率，珍惜每一次练习机会。要想在课堂上提高效率，那课前的预习就显得尤为重要了。在预习时，我们要结合课后的notes(注释)熟读课文，了解生词在文章中的使用，标出难点。同时在课堂上要做到认真听讲，积极回答；我们还要学会记笔记，因为理解≠记住≠灵活运用。因此，对好的例句、词语辨析、常用句型、文化差异，中英文差异，习俗差异都可作些笔录。既可以在课上去记，同时课下还要进行认真的补充和整理，要将英语笔记作为我们学习英语的一笔宝贵的财富。语法的框架。2.关于语法知识的学习：掌握一定的语法知识是必要的，它是基础，也是高中英语模块教学的重点。中国人学习外语应该学点语法，但是过分地研究语法是不利于能力的培养的，这也是中国人学习英语的误区。因此我们学习语法的时候，不是单纯的记忆语法的条文，而是看语法在实际语境中是如何应用的。语法会对其他能力的形成有很大的影响，缺乏的扎实的
1. Three friends and I was driving on a highway. While we were going at least 50 miles per hour, we passed over a car. It had broken down, stopped on the side of the road. My friend slows down, and pulled behind the other car. He got out of the car immediate and before I knew it he was helping the other person push the car down the road to a spot where wasn’t so close to the passing cars. From the way they were pushing the car, it looked as if my friend was pushing them all by himself. I thought my friend help a complete stranger like this was a great thing, but I won’t forget his good nature or character. 2. Dear Brad, I’m very glad to hear from you. In your last letter you ask about the post-80s in China. Actually I am the boy who belongs to this group. Comparing with our parents, life for us is getting much hard. The job market is tough and the house is expensively to afford. Now many girls prefer to marry with a man who owns a house and a car. Therefore, I don’t think love built on house and cars is true love, and I doubt how long it will last. As a matter of fact, though situations are tough today, a lot of we post-80s are making great efforts live a good life. I believe we will have a nice future. Li Hua 3. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, Some of us are having problems about our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries. I fully understand why we are comfortable about it, but it is no need to feel too sadly. Our parents are checking in our bags or diaries to make sure we’re not getting into troubles. They have probably heard of some horrible stories about other kids and thinking we might do the same. Or perhaps they just want to connect with us and are doing it all wrong. My suggestion is: Tell them we want them to trust us as many as we’d like to trust them. If you don’t think you can talk to them, write them a letter and leave it lie around --- they are bound to read it. Thank you!
高中英语短文改错专题练习40篇（附答案及解析） 短文改错（每篇文章共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( )，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 （1） Today is Sunday. The sky is full of sunshine, so does my life. At about 9:00 a.m., I go to the bookstore with my friends. There was a lot of new books. I didn‘t know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me. At 10:00, we went to cinema. The film was called The Earthquake of Tangshan but some people were waiting outside the booking office. It took us about two hours to see it. Having been seen the film, everyone was deeply moving. Some of my friends even burs t into tear. That‘s a really wonderful film. It is very worth seeing. What a happy day! I hope tomorrow I will be even happier. （2） Dear Mary, Our city had changed a lot in the past 5 years. Firstly, more high buildings have appeared, that are modern and beautiful. Many overpasses have set up, so it has become very convenient for people to travel. However, many families have got car of their own. The people‘s life here has become rich or colorful. People can enjoy themselves traveling on the holiday. To my delighted, I can taste delicious food of different countries. And now it is easy for me to keep touch with you than before, for I can email you in my office. Yours, Christine （3） Patience is of great importance in our daily life. Once I waited a bus to come at a stop. 30 minutes past, but no bus came. Both upset and annoyed, I decided to walk on feet. But no sooner had I left when the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I chose to take a next bus, I would have to wait for other 30 minutes. Only then do I realize my problem. Being impatient will possible waste all the effort that we have put it in. Now whenever I am close to lose my patience, I‘ll think of this experience.
初高中英语衔接资料 高中英语学法指导 迈进高中的校门，面对全新的学习环境，同学们进入了一个新的学习阶段。学习内容及难度与过去初中有了很大的改变，因而学习方法也应当相应地有所改变。在初中阶段，英语学习主要重视对于简单英语知识和语法的学习，而到了高中阶段则侧重于培养英语的的综合能力，这就需要我们把学到的知识灵活运用到对语言、文章的理解中，不断提高分析判断能力、逻辑思维能力和语言运用能力。因此我们应当讲求学习策略，制定符合自己的学习方法和目标，力争从一开始就养成一个良好的学习习惯，使自己充满信心，学好英语。 一、学习英语首先从总体上中要注意的几点： 1、要点滴积累，不要急于求成。 记住：Rome isn’t built in one day! (罗马不是一天就建成的)。急于求成就可能会造成消化不良，或者一事无成的结果。急于求成往往表现为对自己提出过高的要求。这样做往往会给自己很大压力，进而对自己逐渐失去信心，失去兴趣。只有逐步的积累，才能聚沙成塔、集腋成裘，由量的积累进而实现质的变化，从而实现英语成绩的飞跃提升和自己语言运用能力的提高。 2、要把握英语学习的规律，善于积累。 语言的学习应听、说、读、写全面发展，在开始阶段应侧重以听说为主。然后逐步加大阅读，毕竟高中英语学习阶段主要以阅读理解是主要的培养目标。养成每天阅读一定的英文的好习惯会让你终身受益。 记住：Ten mimutes every day is better than ten hours in a day! 我们要尊重记忆规律，利用点滴时间，与其他学科穿插进行。特别是早晨是学习英语的大好时光。 3、要树立信心，不要妄自菲薄。 “有的同学在初中阶段英语学习的并不是很好，对高中学习也失去了信心。其实，语言学习就是一个积累的过程，只要我们在高中阶段认真学习，把握英语学习的规律，就一定能够将这一学科学好。无数的实践也反复证明了这一道理，很多在初中阶段英语基础并不是很好的同学，到了高中之后掌握了正确的学习方法并且努力学习，一样可以将英语学得很好。 4、要做到博闻强识，加强背诵。 许多语言教育专家指出：语言能力的强弱与掌握语言材料的多寡成正比。语言材料输入量越大，语言能力提高越快，其中背诵是一种强化语言材料输入的好方法，是不可缺少的语言学习环节。另外还要学会主动出击，不要坐等人教；要持之以恒，不要三天打鱼两天晒网。 二、高中阶段具体的学习方法 1、把握好课堂学习这一主阵地。 课堂上要积极参与，不能做被动的听众。提高课堂效率，珍惜每一次练习机会。要想在课堂上提高效率，那课前的预习就显得尤为重要了。在预习时，我们要结合课后的notes(注释)熟读课文，了解生词在文章中的使用，标出难点。同时在课堂上要做到认真听讲，积极回答；我们还要学会记笔记，因为理解≠记住≠灵活运用。因此，对好的例句、词语辨析、常用句型、文化差异，中英文差异，习俗差异都可作些笔录。既可以在课上去记，同时课下还要进行认真的补充和整理，要将英语笔记作为我们学习英语的一笔宝贵的财富。语法的框架。2.关于语法知识的学习：掌握一定的语法知识是必要的，它是基础，也是高中英语模块教学的重点。中国人学习外语应该学点语法，但是过分地研究语法是不利于能力的培养的，这也是中国人学习英语的误区。因此我们学习语法的时候，不是单纯的记忆语法的条文，而是看语法在实际语境中是如何应用的。语法会对其他能力的形成有很大的影响，缺乏的扎实的
m writing to tell you a problem that troubled me for a long time. It is the relationship I’ among my mother and me. I’m a student and Mother is an university teacher, who is too busy with her work that she has little time to talk to me. I love her and I do well in my studies, but I still felt afraid of her because she is much too strict with me. I don’t know why to communicate with her. Maybe it’s because of we’ve seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts. I hope we can know much about each other and understand each other better. What can we do? Looking forward to hear from you. Best wishes! 51. troubled 前面加has 52. among→between 53. an→a 54. too→so 55. felt→feel 56. why→how 57. of 去掉58. much→more 59. we→I 60. hear→hearing Dear Harry, I have good news for you that there will be a international music camp in our city this summer The camp is openly to students from all over the world who is interested in playing musical instruments. I know you are a music lover, so why not to join the camp together with us? At the camp, campers are giving classes by experts in the moring and in the afternoon they do a couple of hour of practice. In the evening, there is a music exchange concert that campers can give performances and plays different kinds of music from their own counties. I’m sure you will have a lot of funs there. I’m looking forward your reply. Yours, Li Hua 第一节短文改错 【答案】1.a→an 2.openly→open 3.is→are 4.to join→to去掉 5.giving→given 6.hour→hours 7.that→where 8.plays→play
1997-2019年高考全国卷短文改错真题汇编（后附参考答案） 建安区三高Peter 2019年高考英语短文改错真题 【2019·全国卷I】 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now. 【2019·全国卷II】 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. 【2019·全国卷III】 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：
第一课时句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（_______词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（________词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（____________） Smoking does harm to the health.（__________） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的___________词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（_________从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为____________） 【总结】主语可由名词、_______、_______、_______、_______、_______和_______等表示。 【提示】但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（_______词） The weather has turned cold.（_______词） The speech is exciting.（_______词） Three times seven is twenty one?（_______词）