新世纪大学英语综合教程4(第二版)-习题答案.doc

Unit 1 lexf OrganizationII. More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vastareas. Some of themost dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts/ homework paid off.3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but heturned a deaf ear to all mywords.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how herfragile body could withstand the harsh weather.- 90 - Appendix IIII. Usage1)But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciategood health.2)A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anythingabout it.3)It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work1)Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned,especially if you fall asleep.4)In those days people believed in marrying young and having childrenearly.5)Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.■Structure1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by30 percent.2)To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before itcollapsed.3)To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans.4)We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you duringthe coming Christmas.2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.2)By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vastareas north of the Yangtze River.3)Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but cameto live in the UnitedStates at the age offour. ■4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through theUnited States forabout 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion 3. Conquest 5. launching 7. campaign 9. reckon with2. s tand in the way 4. c atching... off his guard6. d eclaration8. d rag on10. b ringing...to aAppendix I - 91-(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1.Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumnharvest in on the farm.2.We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the mostsophisticated weapons.3.Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is gettingincreasingly desperate.4.Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate inhis judgment.5.Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, thevillage neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over.Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle.The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Part III TextBComprehension Check 1. d3. b.-2.d 4.- 92 - Appendix ITranslation(#JE Appendix III)Language Practice1. boast2. obstacles3. was concerned4. call ...off■5. paid off6. was pinneddown7. are contesting 8. prior to9. holdout 10. objective11. responsible for 12. in case13. favorable 14. due to15. on the eve of 16. cancel17. complications 18. stiff19. withstand 20. absentPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksWriting StrategyTick which of the following is more convincing:____________ I t was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had nohesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy._____ √____ E isenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:"... He sat there ... tense, weighing every consideration.Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face.He said briskly, 'well, we'll go."Model PaperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms ofAppendix I - 98-disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.(154 words)Unit 2Text org. Ex. 2 On P381. Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act;2. They can eliminate most of car accidents3. They can alert the police and provide precise location of your car if stolen4. They can monitor one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby;5. They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;6. They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams. Language Sense Enhancement on P 38-391) cure 2) impact 3) orbiting4) warn of 5) location 6) At any given time7)vibrate 8) detected 9) calculate 10) convertedI. Vocabulary: Ex.1 on P41-421.expansion2. automated3. vapor4. take control of5. hazards6. satellite7.vibrated8.magnetic9. bunched 10. in the air 11. got stuck in 12.approximately Vocabulary: Ex.2 on P421. send out2. stand up for3. pass for4. were closing in on5. starting up6. went through7. fill out8. fall intoVocabulary: Ex.3 on P431) incorporates all the latest safety features.2) two trees ten feet apart.3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make thecars.5) are correlated in all racial groups.Vocabulary: Ex.4 on P431) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word Formation on P45Kilogram Medical careMemorandum Electronic mailGymnasium Communications satelliteLiberation News broadcastDoctor Sky hijackVeterinarian European dollarPreparatory Breakfast and lunchAutomobile Television broadcastinfluenza Oxford and Cambridge---------------------------------------III. Usage on P45-461) swimming pool2 ) drawing board3 ) enriched Middle English4 ) disturbing change5 ) fully developed prototype6 ) Canned foods7 ) working population8 ) puzzling differencesComprehensive Exs.: I. cloze1. text-related on P461) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2. theme-related on P471) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. TranslationEx. 1 on P47-481) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causinga significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minuterecently.5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.Translation : Ex. 2 on P48Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.UNIT3Language Sense Enhancement on P721) checked with 2) interview 3) grill 4) clippings5) be right for 6) follow up 7) indicating8）hand-delivered 9) prepared 10) prospectiveLanguage focusVoc. Ex. 1 on P751) rude 2) physically 3) structure4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling7) Measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations10) Sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partnerVoc. Ex. 2&3 on P76§Ex. 2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up7) be hooked up to 8) closed up§Ex. 3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could oneday dance in the King’s palace3) will be in readers' hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.§Voc . Ex. 4 on P771）applicants, veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to goafter3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings on P 781. Behave2. used to avoid repetition3. clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. Study 8. be enough 9. be acceptableiii. Usage on P79-801. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where tobegin.OK,I’ll talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmascard. By the way,I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understoodby anyone who can read the daily newspaper.Now, why isthis an advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know howit goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan toattend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job.Now, how to maximize your profitswith as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia.Incidentally, those picturesyou sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive Exercises Cloze§1. text-related on P80(1) Prospective (2)As I see it(3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) Endeavor (6) structure(7) Partners (8) Respond(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint(11) make a difference (12) follow up§2. theme-related on P81(1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitTranslation on P81-821) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in thisemergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop theplane after taxiing for only a short while.2)Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted(out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital.Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so manyfriends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new schoolrooms with stronger structures were to be built in theearthquake-stricken area.Translation 2. on P82Well begun, half done,as the saying goes. It isextremely important for a job applicant todo hishomework while seeking employment.From mystandpoint, whether or not one has done his homeworkclearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in theneighborhood of100,000 dollars a years in a largecomputer software company. He told me that from hisown experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are wellprepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn asmuch about his prospective employer as possible don’thave much of a chance of success.Part III Home Reading Task§Comprehension Check on P871.b2.c3.a4.a5.a6.b§Translation on P871.父母亲都觉得我不会被录用。

第一单元答案Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1.In the boxes below are some of the words you havelearned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) spark2) compelled3) bare4) scrape5) destruction6) output7) retreat8) tipped9) miracle10) eternal11) pile12) transfer13) mass14) thereby15) have emerged16) trigger17) threaten18) consumed19) hollow2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions youhave learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) show signs of2) cope with3) lives in fear of4) tough it out5) cut down6) from head to foot7) searched out8) nothing short of9) As yet10) settle in11) take heart▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar inmeaning but are different in usage. Reflect on the differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1) temptation2) attraction3) chance4) opportunity5) states6) country7) warned8) threatened / threatens9) refuse10) reject11) total12) gross2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts ofother words, such as “comsat”from “communications”and “satellite”. Try to find out what words the following blends are formed from. You3.Text A. The target adjective must be opposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.▆ Answers:1) individual2) contradictory3) destructive4) rational5) primitive6) synthetic7) distant8) pessimistic9) irreplaceable10) enormousGrammar in Context1.Study the following sentences from Text B and pointout the grammatical function of each of the present participles used as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2)an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3)an adverbial of result4) an adverbial of result5) an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances6) an adverbial of result7) an adverbial of timeplete the following sentencesby translating theChinese in the brackets into English, using a present participle as an adverbial.▆ Answers:1) killing thousands upon thousands of people2) raising the average yield by 15 percent3) trying to deduce its operating principle4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time6) leaving the project unfinished7) Turning to the right8) Not wanting to make the patient nervousCloze▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:(1) realm(2) elemental(3) obtain(4)stubbornly(5) transferred(6) transformed(7) subdued(8) expansion(9) irreplaceable(10) extinct(11) dynamic(12)verge(13) moderate(14) ecological(15) rationalTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for Reference:1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9) Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.10) Ask for help. Don’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood”ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signsof breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Theme-Related Writing▆Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Understanding of Environmental Protection”. Your writing should cover the following points:1) the relationship between man and the environment2) the urgency of environmental protection3) ways to protect the environment▆Sample essayMy Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, m an’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment byplanting more trees,taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.。

新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程4英语课后题答案（含原句）及整句翻译短语填空Unit.1Shortly after the government’s new policy was put into effect , the economy of our co untry began to show signs of recovery. 后不久，政府的新政策付诸实施，我国经济开始出现复苏迹象。

2. The citizens have called upon the local authorities to minimize environmental destr uction by banning the use of all poisonous chemicals immediately. 市民呼吁地方当局立即禁止所有有毒化学物质的使用，以尽量减少对环境的破坏3. It’s known to all that military bas es are off limits to outsiders. 它是已知的限制外人的所有军事基地。

4. She never participated in any violent sports games in fear of getting injured. 她从来不参加任何剧烈运动游戏中得到受伤的恐惧。

5. It seems that all of us are rushing around trying to get things done in a hurry—we all need to slow down and take it easy. 看来，我们所有人都在四处奔波，试图把事情做在赶时间，我们都需要慢下来，很容易。

6. Many trees in this area have been cut down to make room for buildings ,which has worsened our living environment. 在这一领域的许多树木被砍伐，使建筑物的房间，我们的生活环境恶化。

第四章答案Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▇Working with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) mass2) gambled3) voluntary4) hunted5) classified6) abolished7) division8) senseless9) fashions10) coordination11) declarations12) committed13) necessity14) moderately15) slightest16) considerable17) evaluate18) derived2In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.■Answers:1) stands/stood a chance2) ruled out3) consist /consists of4) gone through5) in the strict sense6) At a guess7) earns a living8) coincide with9) gone in for10) got their teeth into▆ Increasing Your Word Power1 Word BuildingDid you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary” and “satisfactory” in Texts A and B? The suffix -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to form an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese.▆ Answers:nouns suffixesadjectives Chinese meaning planetplanetary 行星的congratulation congratulatory 祝贺的contradiction contradictory 矛盾的，对立的customcustomary通常的，习惯的；惯例的document documentary 公文的，文件的explanation explanatory 解释的；说明的imagination imaginary 想象中的，虚构的introduction introductory 介绍的，导言的legend legendary 传说（中）的，传奇的migration migratory 迁徙的，移居的vision-ary / -oryvisionary有远见的；不实际的1) imaginary2) congratulatory 3) Migratory 4) documentary 5) legendary 6) introductory 7) contradictory 8) explanatory2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from the box.▆ Answers for reference: 1) vocation 2) posts 3) trade 4) job 5) work 6) profession 7) career 8) position3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to the use of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there is no mistake, write “No Mistake”.▇ Answers:1) ( of will.2) ( against ) This incident can by no means justify their discrimination for theblack people.3) ( for ) My son has little aptitude of sport but he excels in music.4) ( with ) The deceased musician was buried in his home village inaccordance to his wishes.5) ( over ) The mayor (市长) presided on the ceremony to lay the foundationstone of the new museum.6) ( of ) Truth be told, I am envious about his fame and success though Ialways pretend otherwise.7) ( in ) The old man’s will was signed at the presence of two witnesses—his younger sister and one of his favourite students.8) ( No Mistake ) When Britain declared war on Germany, Jack’s grandpa joinedthe army and his grandma was frightened for his safety all thetime.9) ( of ) The marketing strategy that I designed proved successful and myboss was very appreciative for my efforts.10) (No Mistake ) The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it is difficultof access for wheel-chair users.11) ( for ) Edward Snowden was on a plane bound to Moscow when he gotto know that his passport had been revoked (吊销) by the USgovernment.12) ( of ) Professor Peterson is very contemptuous for the so-called“popular” writers, whom he describes as talentless and worthless. Grammar in Context1 Turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences.▇Answers for reference:1) I don’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you.2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3) The prospect of Professor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.2 Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase.▇Answers for reference:1) He was afraid of falling behind the others.2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▇Answers:(1) enjoy(2) physical(3) compelled(4) necessity(5) support(6) mental(7) idealize(8) status(9) values(10) classified(11) essential(12) mind(13) attitude(14) fortunateTranslation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in brackets.▇ Answers for reference:1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, shewas compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as general manager/ resign from the post of general manager) of the company.2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps assoon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because ofmy injured leg.8）If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend thatyou borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of themen’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.2 Translate the following passage into English.▇Answers for reference:Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he will find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work. THEME-RELATED WRITINGWrite a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Career Choice”. Your writing should cover the following points:1) the kind of job you prefer to do2) factors you consider when choosing the job3) conclusion▆Sample Essay:My Career ChoiceWhen it comes to the choice of career, different people consider the matter from different perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher.I have three reasons for my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring success in teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my occupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.(198 words)。

全新版大学英语综合教程4（第二版）习题答案Unit 1VocabularyI。

1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3）stroke 4) limp5）minus 6）regions7）declarations 8）siege9）raw 10) bide his time11）have taken their toll 12）in the case of2。

1）is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4）drag on5）get by 6）dine out7) have cut back 8）get through3。

1）lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future2）has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike3) will/should never get in the way of her career4）caught the foreign minister off guard5) of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date/obsolete4. 1) Being faced with … the occupation of … regions2）crucial to … efficient … to reckon with … weaken … be brought to a halt3) a heroic … the decisive … turned the tide … siege … by launchingII。

U11. disaster2. compelled3. historical4. disciplined5. destruction6. output7. retreat8. abandoned9. trace 10. eternal 11. investment 12. transfer 13. justify 14. nonetheless 15. contributions 16. accelerate 17. threaten1. show signs of2. called upon3. off limits4. in fear of5. slow down6. cut down7. from head to foot8. come by9. lost out 10. As yet 11. reside inIN CREASING YOUR WORD POWERsmoke + fog; web + log; breakfast + lunch ;medical + care ;motor + hotel; net + citizen ;science + fiction; work + alcoholicAnthropology: the scientific study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefsArchaeology: the study of the buried remains of the ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools, and weapons Ecology: the study of the relations of plants, animals, and people to each other and to their surroundingsGeology: the study of rocks, soils, etc. which make up the Earth, and of their changes during the history of the world Ideology: a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based onMusicology: the study of the history and theory of music Psychology: the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviourSociology: the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behaviourZoology: the scientific study of animals and their behaviour1. collective individual2. consistent contradictory3. constructive destructive4. irrational rational5. modern primitive6. natural synthetic7. nearby distant8. optimistic pessimistic9. replaceable irreplaceable10. small enormousGRAMMAR REVIEW1. She wished us health and success in the new year.2. He asked how we were getting along with our work.3. Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.4. Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea.5. He asked John how long he had been waiting for them.6. She said I needn't have done all that myself.</(2)1. The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.2. He promised that he would give us whatever assistance we needed.3. He agreed (that) that was the best solution to the problem.4. My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.5. He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word.6. The man insisted that we give an explanation of what hadhappened.7. Mrs. Don't complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.8. The sales manager explained that he couldn't give us a definite answer because he had not received instructions from his company.CLOZE(1) realm (2) elemental (3) obtain (4) stubbornly (5) transferred (6) transformed (7) subdued (8) expansion (9) irreplaceable (10) extinct (11) dynamic (12) verge (13) moderate (14) ecological (15) rationalTRANSLATION1.The village is so close to the border that thevillagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2. In only twenty years the country was transformed intoan advanced industrial power.3. This company has evolved into one of the major chemicalmanufacturing bases in this region.4. Given the current financial situation, it is inevitablethat the US dollar will be further devalued.5. The government's call for suggestions about the controlof water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.6. The weather showed no signs of getting better so thegovernment called upon us to get prepared for floods.7. At one time scientists thought that there was nothingsmaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consists of even smaller particles.8. The students were all very much concerned about theWorld Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9. The department store lost out because loans were veryhard to come by and it could not start business on time.10. We can't go there for a walk because there is a navybase there, which is off limits to tourists.Human brings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows. Human beings are connected with nature by "blood" ties. No one can live outside nature.However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed. Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.My Understanding of Environmental Protection Man and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective stepsto protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct. ••••••We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.U21. 1) monitor2) phenomenon3) isolation4) gradual5) opponent6) advent7) genetic8) consciously9) extreme10) nasty11) boom12) formal13) soar14) survey15) Similarly16) modify17) rough2. 1) at the same time2) are stuck with3) for certain4) make no difference5) on average6) when it comes to7) depends on8) built into9) come to mind10) at workIncreasing Your Word Power 1.AdjectivesNounsAdjectivesNouns1) technologicaltechnology6) luxurious luxury2) eternaleternity7) leisurely leisure3) miraculous miracle8) subjective subject4) relevantrelevance9) prosperous prosperity5) analytical Analysis10) innovative innovation2. 2) multi-faith 3) multiform4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic6) multilateral7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia9) multimillionaire 10) multinational1) a multi-faith society2) a multi-lingual secretary3) a multimillionaire4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation5) a multifunction video camera6) a multi-ethnic community7) a multimedia dictionary8) multi-cultural education9) a multilateral trade negotiation10) multiform technological cooperation3. 1) j 2) c 3) b 4) i5) a 6) g 7) d 8) e9) f 10) h4.Adjectives NounsAdjectives Nouns1) creative creativity 6) minorminority2) cruelcruelty7) original originality3) equalequality8) purepurity4) locallocality9) regularregularity5) majormajority10) superiorsuperiority1) superiority 2) equality 3) originality 4) minority5) Creativity6) purity 7) crueltyGrammar Review1. 1) My mother would not be worried about me if she knew what my life was like.2) They would probably allow you to do the job if youwere in better health.3) They wouldn’t work with such enthusiasm if they didn’t know what they were working for.4) I would have to look it up in the dictionary if I didn’t know the meaning of the word.5) She would understand what we say if she knew Chinese.6) I would be quite satisfied if you spoke with greater accuracy.2. 1) If we knew where he was, we would try to get in touch with him.2) If it were not for the expense involved, we would go there by plane.3) If we were to miss the train, we would have to wait another four hours.4) If we pooled all our resources, we would have enoughmoney to buy the equipment.5) If he didn’t have a strong love for the handicappedchildren, he wouldn’t be working so tirelessly forthem.Cloze1) emphasize 2) opposite3) improved 4) luxuries 5) benefited6) obviously 7) consciously8) fractures 9) eternal10) groundbreaking11) entitled 12) correlation 13) depends 14) exclusivelyTranslation1. 1) He really knows a lot about theory, but when itcomes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.2) The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s plan to build a new library.3) The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4) I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.5) He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6) Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.7) The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8) These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is more dangerous.9) Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10) What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.2.Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of scienc e and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is noclose correlation between pe ople’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’l l be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Theme-related WritingSample Essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s livesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps ussolve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better.U31.quest2.remained3.consume4.likewise5.vessel6.qualify7.stiff8.collapsed9.predict10.nevitably 11.absorbed12.sheer13.refining14.paralyzed15.exchange1.In a way2.act on3.to such an extent that4.opens up5.close off6.look into1.pic2.eates3.ally4.asp5.re6.posite7.ntradictory 8.ality9.ysical10.idity11.vidual12.ility13.nbow14.sehood1. Most people strongly believe that the court will nodoubt punish the bank robbers severely.2. The medical workers overcame one difficulty afteranother in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.3. Acting on the information they received, the policeclosed off the streets and caught the bank robbers.4. We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TVfactory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5. The government is looking into the causes of so manylayoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to be re-employed.6. To expand the sales of its product, the company hastaken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7. He has neglected his studies to such an extent thatI am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up withthe other students in a month.8. The fireworks factory was closed last month for failingto comply with the government safety regulations. 9. It remains to be seen whether our football team can beatits opponent.10. Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries,together with the use / employment of new technologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.U 4填单词1.mass2.gambled3.voluntary4.hunted5.classified6.abolished7.division8.senseless9.fashions10.coordination11.declarations12.spanned13.recommends/recommended14.moderately15.slightest填词组1.stands a chance/stood a chance2.ruled out3.worthy of4.gone through5.in the strict sense6.At a guess7.earns a living8.coincide with9.gone in for10.got their teeth into完型填空1.enjoy2.physicalpelled4.necessity5.support6.mental7.idealize8.status9.values10.classified11.essential12.mind13.attitude14.fortunate句子翻译1. As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, shewas compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign asgeneral manager / resign from the post of general manager) of thecompany.2. She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3. I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4. To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds ofhardships.5. The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady's death.6. The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps assoon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7. I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last monthbecause of my injured leg.8. If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a goodchance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9. Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommendthat you borrow it from the library and read it.10. At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of themen's 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had beenpreviously held by an American athlete.短文翻译Some people think that they've fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by"work" and why they should work at all. In fact, "work" involves suchqualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity. To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should beready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability. Inaddition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he will find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieveextraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.作文范文My Career ChoiceWhen it comes to the choice of career, different people consider the matter from different perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher. I have three reasons for my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring success in teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my occupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future. I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.U51）fortune 2）dull 3）chased 4）launched 5）finance 6）reputation 7）liberty8）publicity 9）sufficiently 10）sympathy 11）target 12）educate 13）commerce14）alike 15）bored 16）audiences 17）regard 18）assure1）thrown out 2）and so on 3）for dear life 4）dedicate himself to 5）was tired of6）turn away 7）hang on 8）for the sake of(1)chase （2）reputation （3）dedicate （4）reward （5）sufficiently （6）measured（7）assure （8）Momentary （9）celebrity （10）target （11）frank （12）liberty（13）illusory （14）regard1、他试图拯救这家濒临倒闭的企业，但失败了。

Unit 1you had had a spark of consideration for your family ,you wouldn't have taken somany stupid risks .to the lack of an adequate labor force ,even woman in this village were compelled to work in the coal mines .went through lovely countryside with great mountains ,some of them beautiful andgreen and wooded ,while others bare and wild .cleaner took off his coat and began to scrape the ashes from the furnace with hisbare hands .in that area are already threatened with environment destruction since 60% o f the forest there has been destroyed .auto company has seen a huge increase in the output of private cars this year dueto the improved working efficiency .severe attack from enemy a ircraft ,the troops were forced to retreat from the front .I came up to a giraffe lying on the grasses ,I found that it had been killed witha spear tipped with poison .stayed eight days in an open boat with no food ,and he was still alive ;his survival was a miracle .of the fittest is an eternal truth of nature .heart sank when he saw the fresh pile of mails ,memos and telephone messages onhis desk .military goverment refused to transfer power to ademocratically elected civilian government .that area nearly six million people are affected by the drought and the civilwar ,and there is areal danger of mass starvation .service personnel who are severely irresponsible purposely delay sending mail ,thereby giving rise to great loss of public trust .the increase in the number of foreign funded enterprises ,various kinds of financial disputes have emerged .earthquake may trigger landslides that cause great damage and loss of life .and global warming threaten to ruin the current and future state of our environmen . was reported that almost 7 million liters consumed during the 16-day beer festivalin germany that year .a bitterly cold night ,the only shelter he could find was the hollow trunk of agreat tree .after the goverment's new policy was put into effect ,the economy of our countrybegan to show signs of recovery .know well what difficulties we had to cope with in bringing our work to a successful conclusion .lives in fear of getting injured and never participated in any violent sports games . looks like this snow will stop the food supplies and we shall be hungry for atime ,but we've no choice but to tough it out.trees in this area have been cut down to make room for buildings ,which has worsened our living environment .order to avoid possible infection by the unknow viruses ,researchers are protected from head to foot with caps ,face masks and white gowns .the warm wearher the explorers searched out some snow on the northern slope and boiled it for drinking water .bare-handed ,you have built up so many steel plants .this is nothing short of miraculous !yet we have't felt the need for any extra hands ,but its only a matter of time .one cannot choose ones birthplace ,one can certainly decide ,based on what one has experienced ,the best place to settle in .who spend time and mony teaching their children music ,can take heart from anew canadian study .which shows young children who take music lessons have bettermemories than their nonmusical peers.Unit 21 Sudies show that if a working environment is pleasant, productivity increases.2 Private space travel is a relatively new phenomenon. It’s difficult at the moment to assess its effects.3 Alll of us need to build up ralationships with others unless we choose to livein complete isolation from the outside world.4 Sonce sending her child to the kindergarthen ,she has been delighted to see agradual change in the boys character ;he seems less self-centered now.5 As an active environmentalist, Davis has earned a reputation as an outspokenopponent of any kind of nuclear waste dumping at sea.6 Quills were the chief writing tool from the 6th centuryuntil the advent of steel pens in the mid 19th century.7 Dp you think it will ever be possible to alter human genetic code in order to produce the perfect human being8 In the end her sheer competence and professionalism won universal respect within and out of the government.9 his political views are rather extreme; I hate to discuss anything with him.10 The cheap perfume you see on special offer in petrol stations often smells nasty after a couple of hours.11 Theconsumer boom of the 1980s led to an explsion of shopping centre developmentin big cities around the country .12 You shouldnot use yours faithfully its too formal for this kind of personal letter.13. According to a survery among 1000 residents ,garbage collection service in the city is far from satisfactory.14 The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.15 The techiclans are working hard to modify the design of the new car to make itmore competitive in the overseas market.16 In my childhood memories , we were living a rough but happy life, with no luxuriesto speak of.1 The two runners reached the finish line almost at the same t ime;who came in first was indistinguishable to the naked eye.2 As a result of the recent financial collapse, many p eople are struck with worthless investments.3 The survey suggests that many college students don’t know for centain what kind of job is suitable or them.4 You can ask him again if you like , but it would make no difference he will stillsay no to you .5 The doctor explained that on average people who don’t smoke are healthier thanthose who do.6. I’m familiar with the operating system installes on the computer ,but when it comes to repairing the machine I don’t know a thing.7 Although peasants in some areas are better off now ,those in many other areas stilllive in poverty .8 The new staff insistes that opportunities for promotion should be built into the work contract.9 As they are discussing influential modern artists, three names immesiately come to mind.10 I don’t know the exact number ,but there are close to three million unemployesat present .11 Considering the recent storms and landslides,I am certainly not in favor of am outing in this weather.Unit 31 There are always people who dream of making a fortune from ganbling, even thoughthey know the chances are slim.2 The inventor Thomas Edison was regarded as a dull boy whrn he was young becausehe couldnot work out easy mathematical calculations.3 The police had chased after the robbery suspect for about two days before theyfinally caught him in a deserted warehouse.4 The local newspaper has launches a campaign to raise money for the girl who hascaught a rare disease.5 Rick climbing is attractive especially to young people because it is always saccompanied with hardship and adventure.6 The face value of the bill is one dollar , but its intrinsic value is nothing but that of a piece of paper.7 Having won several championships in international matches recently, he currently ranks second among the worlds professional tennis players.8 There has been a great deal of publicity in the media about the campaingn against genetically modified food.9 The coach was relieves that Michael had recovered sufficiently from his knee injury and he was able to play in the semi-finals next week.10 He has dropped his old had-boy image and now portrays himself as something ofan angel.11 Due to its inefficiency,the cable TV company has become a frequent target of criticism from the public these days.12 A few mirrors can transform a dark room , making it look larger and lighterinstantly.13 Earthquakes had destroyed their houses ,so they had no choice but to livetemporarily in the tents put up overnight.argument never ceased as to whether it was fair to cover celebrities private lives in the mass mesia.15 Kelly got a new job as a secretary, but teo weeks later she became bored with the endless office chres ; so she quit.16 These two TV programs are both about news or currnt affairs,but they have attracted very different audiences in the United States.17 Jane’s parents held her in high regard and they supported her decision to bean actress.18 When the results of the vote were announced ,the Prime Minister acknowledged defeat.19Scientists are unable to predict with accuracy when and when warthquakes willstrike.1 The teachers felt sorry for Nick, a former straight-A student ,because he was thrown out of college in the second year for taking drugs.2 You can do things for your health in the way of diet ,exercise ,good lifestyle,and so on.3. As the ship began to turn to its one side, the horrified passengers all clungon to the other for dear life.of the young girls I know set their sights on lofty goals and try very hard to accomplish what they aim at.5. She quit the well-paid office job since she was tired of doing the same thingday after day and she was eager to try something fresh.6. The civil administration promises that they would not turn away anyone who comes to the relief centre for help.7. If she wants to hang on to her professional reputation she should control herinconsistent emotions.8 Among u s ,we would always address him as Your Majesty in his presense. Behind him, we invariably referred to him as Peanut.9 I’m sorry your tooth is hurting ,but you’ll have to live with it until we getyou to the dentist.10 This guy likes to exaggerate and is good at nothing but boasting about his glorious past.11 As well as I could make out ,she had come for good ,and had no intention of ever leaving again.so many young graduates before them ,they set out to launch their own business after graduation.13. what if he goes home before us and canot get in what will he do thenbegan to tire of the job of a night watch one week after I was hired.Unit 41 Nearly 6 million people in the mid-western area were affected by the flood. Andthere is a real danger of mass starvation.2 Its incredible that when he gambled, he always won, whether he was playing a card game or betting on horse racing.3 The council is trying to get more people to do voluntary work and render social services in the less developed regions.4 Elephants are dying out because they are being hunted for the tusks.5 Wines can be classified as dry, medium or sweet according to their sugar content.6 Slavery was abolished in Canada in 1833, and the Canadian authorities thenencouraged slaves from America to settle down on their land.7 Some of the developing countries seem to be stuck with a tough situation thedivision between the rich and the poor has never been so clear and sharp.8 The mass media commented that the young man’s suicide was nothing but a senseless waste of his life.9 The younger generation should not just seek for the latest fashions; they should have long-term commitment and try to live a worthy life,10 There’s absolutely no coordination between the different work teams- we donnot know what others are doing.11 As witnesses to the accident ,we were asked to make written declarations of what we had seen .12 The police still don’t know tho committed the it is reported one of the suspects is a loafer by the name of BillJones.13 Now that my parents-in-law have decided to live with us ,we are now faced withnecessity to purchase a larger apartment close to the campus.14 It seems as if every American boy between the ages of 9 and 15 likes to play video games ,but such games are only moderately popular among girls of the same age group.15 He was a really considerate friend-always available to help at the slightest hint of trouble.16 A survey shows that a considerable number of people object to the governments immigration policy.17 This is a new pain-killing drug which came into use only six months ago, so itstoo early to evaluate its effectiveness now.18 She derived great satisfaction from playing the violin in her adulthood ,eventhough she used to get bored with it when she was in her late teens.1 In view of heer out standing academic achievements and other qualities, shestands/stood a chance of being admitted to one of the world’s best universities.2 His recent mismanagement of the company has ruled out the possibility of getting promoted to the top management .3 The expedition consist/consists of five Europeans, two Australians and tenChinese.4. Its good to see tom looking so happy now agter all the sufferings he has gone through in the last few years.5 When h e competed at Stckholm Olympocs,Jim Thorpe was not an amateur player in the strict sence because he had been paid a few dollars to play semiprofessionals before.6 At a guess,I’d say that there were at least 1400 people on board when the shipsank in the red sea.7 The traditional practice that the father earns a living for the family and the mother stays at home i s out of date as more and more women h ave joined the workforce.8 Even if her suggestion does not coincide with what you have in mind ,I would advise you to accept it.9 The tennis player had gone in for all the major tennis .10 They appreciate each other because they are both the sory of peoplr who just cannot let go once they have got their teeth into something.Unit 51 I don’t think it necessary to furnish our apartment a second time since we willsell it soon.2 He made a firm resolve to give up smoking and drinking as soon as he discoveredthat he had a heart trouble.3 To reduce the risks of railway accidents ,we spend over then million yuan onmaintaining the railway lines every year.4 My parents lived a frugal lifestyle all their lives .For one thing ,they neverdiscarded ,anything that was still of use; for another ,they never purchased things on impulse.5 the government has refused to sanction a further cut in the rate of corporate tax.6 As Linda is a career woman a nd her husband woels abroad ,they cannot raise their newborn son all by themselves andhace to employ a baby sitter on a fixed term offive years.7 My apartment was badly furnished because the workers did not strip the priginal paint off the wakks before they started painting.8 When we learned that the local college had only the bare essentials int terms of equipment,we decided to donate a million yuan so that they could improve theirteaching facilities.9 The Jones purchased a second-hand car for 1200; it was a real I wonder how long it will last.10 It is always good to read some English novels in your spare time .If you cannotunderstdand the original, you may read the simplified versions which are also available in the local bookstore.11 Sam said to the girl , I will trade you some of my chocolate for some of yourice cream.12 Since you’ve decided to simplify your life and hace moved into a smakker housem you are going to have to make an effort to downsize your furniture and belongings.13 Representatives from the two nations had woeked together on numerous occasions before the peace treaty was signed to end the border conflicts.14 When the factory closed ,the machinery was sold off for only a fraction of its true value.15 I think it plan wrong to play loud music in the dorm when others are already asleep.16 The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupols did not knowhow to trackle it.17 The children are busy rolling ,folding ,and cutting paper in a hadcrafting competition.1 My sister is very economical and saving money seems to come naturally to her ;she always keeps track of all the money she spends.2 My parents failed to show up at the commencenment ;It turned out that their flight was delayed for 8 hours.3 Eric was a very shy boy , so much so that he even refused to strip down to his underwear for his medical examination.4 John began to take an interest in politics when he was at secondary school; nowonder he became a Congressman at the age of 35.5 They are going to let us use their laboratory ,and in return we must let them share the results of the research.6 His action is all of a piece with what he has been saying he will do for the pastfew months ;he is a man o his word .7 The winner was asked to write out numerous forms before he could get the award .8 The young couplr often eat out, for neither of them is interested in home cooking.9 After so many twists and turns in his life ,he learned nerver to look back with regret.10 The doctor advised that he cut out smoking or give it up completely for the sake of his health.。

Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Five: LifestylesPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Work in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1.What kind of lifestyle do you live now?2.Do you believe in the saying “a penny saved is a penny earned”?3.What are some of the things that come to your mind when we talk about healthy lifestyles?Make a list of healthy lifestyles and share your answers with your group members.▇Answers for reference:1. A sample answer:2.As a university student, I live a simple and plain life. I get up early in the morning and thenattend classes. In the late afternoon I play basketball or football. If I do not have classes during the day, I usually go to the library to do some reading or go to the computer center to search for some information related to my studies. In the evening I review or preview my lessons either in the classroom or in the dormitory. During weekends I sometimes go shopping or go to a movie with my classmates.3. A possible answer:4.Yes. This saying tells us that saving money is as good as earning it. Saving is not only a goodhabit but also an important step on the way to financial well-being, both in the short term and in the long run. In the short term, it gives us an emergency cushion in the event that an unforeseen, large and urgent expense arises. In the long term, a consistent pattern of saving can enable us to accomplish our financial goals, such as financing a college education, a home purchase, or a retirement. So we should be thrifty and don’t spend money on things we don’t really need.5. A sample answer:Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about lifestyles and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Jack Kerouac⊙Great things are not accomplished by those who yield to trends and fads and popular opinion.— Jack KerouacInterpretation:Trends and fads come and go quickly, and popular opinions of the day may not represent ever-lasting truth. Those who wish to accomplish something extraordinary must not be slavish to trends and fads or popular beliefs. Instead, they should break away from the “following the herd”mentality and be extraordinarily innovative.About Jack Kerouac (1922-1969): a US writer who was a leading figure of the1950s Beat Generation. His most famous novel is On the Road (《在路上》), which describes the adventures of two friends as they travel across the United States.Margaret Mead⊙We are living beyond our means. As a people we have developed a lifestyle that is draining the earth of its priceless and irreplaceable resources without regard for the future of our children and people all around the world.— Margaret MeadInterpretation:In this quote, Margaret Mead rightly points out that the American way of life has given rise to a wasteful society and that it is doing a lot of harm to the earth and hence to mankind as a whole. If we do not make changes in our lifestyles today, our children are doomed to suffer from lack of irreplaceable resources in the future.About Margaret Mead (1901-1978): a US anthropologist, who studied the ways in which parentson the islands of Samoa, Bali, and New Guineas taught their children. She also tried to discover whether males and females are born with the differences in behaviour that they show, or whether they lean to behave differently as they grow up in a particular society.Charlie Chaplin⊙The saddest thing I can imagine is to get used to luxury.— Charlie ChaplinInterpretation:In this quote, Chaplin points out the danger of seeking luxuries. Luxuries are not necessities. Many people work hard to seek luxuries in life — they purchase luxury goods and services and always long for possessions that they do not necessarily need. In doing so, they have gradually become slaves to those luxuries. They may feel “abundance” for a while but they can never enjoy ever-lasting happiness, and their souls can never be uplifted. Moreover, those who are used to luxuries may live beyond their means and get into debt, and debt robs a man of his self-respect. Indeed, it is sad to see a person indulge in luxuries and possessions.About Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977): a British actor and director who worked mainly in the US in humorous silent films during the 1920s. He usually appeared as a humorous character who had a small moustache, a bowler hat, and a walking stick, and who walked in a funny way with the backs of his feet together and his toes pointing out to the sides.Samuel Johnson⊙Without frugality none can be rich, and with it very few would be poor.— Samuel JohnsonInterpretation:Here Samuel Johnson advises us to be thrifty or economical with the use of our resources. Frugality is a virtue while extravagance is a sin. One can never become rich if one lives a spendthrift lifestyle, but anyone can feel that he is rich enough if he or she carefully manages his or her money and other resources.About Samuel Johnson (1709-1784): a British critic and dictionary writer. He is famous for his Dictionary of the English Language(1755), the first comprehensive dictionary of the Englishlanguage ever published. He was considered an excellent conversationalist (善于辞令的人). His intelligent, amusing, and interesting words are still widely quoted today.Section C Watching and DiscussionConfessions of a Shopaholic is a 2009 American romantic comedy film based on the Shopaholic series of novels by Sophie Kinsella.Watch the following video clip “Confessions of a Shopaholic” and do the tasks that follow:插入视频片段：“Confessions of a Shopaholic.wmv”1.What makes shopping a beautiful experience, according to Rebecca?the sheen of silk draped across a mannequin;.the smell of new Italian leather shoes;t he rush you feel when you swipe your card. And it’s approved. And it all belongs to you;t he joy you feel when you’ve bought something, and it’s just you and the shopping…2.What do you think of shopaholics? (Open.)Script：Confessions of a Shopaholic-Keep comin’ back, OK? Give him some support. Keep comin’ back.-Which store?-Rebecca, why don’t you share your story.-Um ... Hello, everybody. Uh, I’m Rebecca Bloomwood.-Hi, Rebecca.-I just actually came here as a favor to a friend. Uh, I mean, I like shopping. Is there anything so wrong with that? I mean, stores are put there to enjoy. Uh, the experience is enjoyable.Well, more than enjoyable. It’s ... It’s beautiful. The sheen of silk draped across a mannequin.Oh, the smell of new Italian leather shoes.-Italian leather shoes, that’s the best.-Oh ... The rush you feel when you swipe your card. And it’s approved. And it all belongs to you!-OK, Rebecca. Thank you for sharing.-The joy you feel when you’ve bought something, and it’s just you and the shopping.-You and shopping.-Ryuichi!-All you have to do is hand over a little card.-Yes!-Pull it together!-Isn’t that the best feeling in the world?-Yeah.-Don’t you wanna shout it from the mountaintops?-That’s real talk.-And you feel so ... confident and alive ...-And happy?-And happy!-And warm.-And warm!-What’s going on here?-I need to buy a new bag. I have to impress Alette Naylor.-You should get a watch to go with that bag.-Oh, there’s a sale at Catherine Malandrino.-You’re like my soul sister.-Don’t let her ...-I have to go. Good luck, everybody.-Do they have shoes?-You sit down.-My will is strong. My wallet is closed. I do not want to shop.Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word BankSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) Living a fashionable life.B) Living an extravagant life.C) Living a frugal life.D) Living a free life.2. What will people have if they take control of their lives?A) They will have a stressful life style.B) They will have more money in their daily life.C) They will enjoy a lot of luxuries.D) They will have more peace of mind.3. What kind of life will people live if they choose to live a frugal life?A) They will live a fulfilling life without possessing much.B) They will live a simple and peaceful life.C) They will have little money and live in debt.D) They will have nothing and live poor and cheap.4. Which of the following is not an example of being frugal according to the speaker?A) Turning off the tap water immediately after use.B) Keeping all windows closed when the air conditioning is on.C) Taking one’s own plastic bags when going shopping.D) Switching off the lights before leaving the room.5. What does the speaker strongly advise us to do?A) To keep up with trends and fads.B) Do not follow trends and fads.C) To deny ourselves “frugal freedom”.D) To have a great way of life.▇Key:1 C2 D3 A4 C5 BSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the passage again and fill in the missing words according to what you have heard.Living a frugal life does not mean having nothing or living poor and cheap. Neither does it mean denying oneself the 1 ________ of life. A frugal lifestyle simply means that you have the 2________ to live a happy and fulfilling life without possessing a lot. Much of the 3 ________ from being extravagant to being 4________ is within the mind. For example, before you leave your room, remember to turn off the light; keep all windows and outside doors closed when the air 5 ________ is on; turn off the 6________ water immediately after use; when you go shopping, use your 7 ________ to save money on certain things for something else you need or want. In short, living a frugal 8 ________ means that you don’t have to “keep up with the Joneses.”We should always remember that it is easier to spend less than it is to make more. It is easier to be frugal than to free oneself from 9 ________ stress. So, let us be frugal and live within our 10 ________. It is a great way of life.▇Answers for reference:Living a frugal life does not mean having nothing or living poor and cheap. Neither does it mean denying oneself the luxuries of life. A frugal lifestyle simply means that you have the intelligence to live a happy and fulfilling life without possessing a lot. Much of the transition from being extravagant to being frugal is within the mind. For example, before you leave your room, remember to turn off the light; keep all windows and outside doors closed when the air conditioning is on; turn off the tap water immediately after use; when you go shopping, use your brain to save money on certain things for something else you need or want. In short, living a frugal lifestyle means that you don’t have to “keep up with the Joneses.”We should always remember that it is easier to spend less than it is to make more. It iseasier to be frugal than to free oneself from financial stress. So, let us be frugal and live within our means. It is a great way of life.Script:Living a Frugal LifePeople who live a frugal lifestyle often live with less stress. This is because they know how to take control of their money and, therefore, they have more control over their lives in general. And if you have more control of your life, you are likely to have more peace of mind. With that peace of mind comes what may be called “frugal freedom”, namely, freedom from debt, freedom from envy, freedom from shame, fr eedom from worry, and freedom from loss of one’s identity.Living a frugal life does not mean having nothing or living poor and cheap. Neither does it mean denying oneself the luxuries of life. A frugal lifestyle simply means that you have the intelligence to live a happy and fulfilling life without possessing a lot. Much of the transition from being extravagant to being frugal is within the mind. For example, before you leave your room, remember to turn off the light; keep all windows and outside doors closed when the air conditioning is on; turn off the tap water immediately after use; when you go shopping, use your brain to save money on certain things for something else you need or want. In short, living a frugal lifestyle means that you don’t have to “keep up with the Joneses”and that you do not have to follow trends and fads.We should always remember that it is easier to spend less than it is to make more. It is easier to be frugal than to free oneself from financial stress. So, let us be frugal and live within our means. It is a great way of life.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1: Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1) Why did Sara and Michael decide to “strip down to bare happiness”?2) How did the couple “strip down” their lives?3) How did the couple feel about their new lifestyle?4) What is the “yearning feeling” that Sara mentions in Para. 10?5) How was the author affected by her interview with the couple?▇Answers for reference:1)I think there are two reasons why Sara and Michael decided to “strip down” their lives tobare essentials. On the one hand, they wanted to build up a world of their own where they could enjoy family life, social life and balance work and play all at the same time consistently.On the other hand, they were fed up with the old consumption habits and came to realize that they could still live a happy and self-fulfilling life on less money.2)The couple “stripped down” their lives in many ways. The major sacrifices they made were:They traded two-full time careers for two part-time freelance jobs.They moved to a small but comfortable energy-efficient house they designed themselves.They spent money only on bare necessities and things that did not make wasteful use of the earth’s resources.They constantly gave away what they did not really need and economized on what they had.They cut down their expenses of work in a commuter age. They did not own an extra car, and they gave up business suits, business luncheons and dinners; and they took care of the baby themselves and could save considerably from home cooking, thrift shops and do-it-yourself projects.3) They did not feel deprived at all. As Sara said, it was not deprivation but simplification. Theyfelt happy and satisfied with their frugal and simple lifestyle. They had a strong sense of self-fulfillment.4) I think the “yearning feeling” Sara talks about refers to the strong desire for possessing moreand more material things. Consumerism — the idea or belief that buying as many goods as possible is desirable for a person or society — is an important part of the American culture and it gives rise to this “yearning feeling”, which has led to the emergence of such socially sanctioned problems as impulse buying, brandname loyalty, irrational consumption of the earth’s resources and the mentality of following trends and fads.5) The author was deeply affected by the interview. On the one hand, she seemed to admireSara and Michael for their courage to turn their lifestyle around and she expressed her opinions approvingly. On the other hand, she felt it was difficult to resist the temptation of purchasing things on impulse as we can see from her shopping experience with her daughter that night. She came to the conclusion that most Americans could not find the resolve and courage to lead a simple lifestyle owing to the strong and deeply-rooted influence of consumerism.Exercise 2: Text A can be divided into three parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Part Para(s)。

Answers to Book 4Unit 1 Man and NatureEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action (pp19-23)Working with Words and Expressions1. 1) disaster 2) compelled 3) historical 4) disciplined 5) destruction 6) output 7) retreat 8) abandoned 9) trace 10) eternal 11) investment 12) transfer 13) justify 14) nonetheless 15) contributions 16) accelerate 17) threaten2.1) show signs of 2) called upon 3) off limits 4) in fear of 5) slow down 6) cut down 7) from head to foot 8) come by 9) lost out 10) As yet 11) reside inIncreasing Your Word Power1.1) web + log 博客2) breakfast + lunch 早午餐3) medical + care 医疗保险/保障4) motor + hotel 汽车旅馆5) net + citizen 网民6) science + fiction 科幻小说7) work + alcoholic 工作狂2.1) the scientific study of the human race, especially of its origins, development, customs and beliefs2) archaeology3) ecology4) the study of rocks, soils, etc. which make up the Earth, and of their changes during the history of the world5) ideology6) the study of the history and theory of music7) psychology8) the scientific study of the nature and development of society and social behavior9) zoology3.1) individual 2) contradictory 3) destructive 4) rational 5) primitive 6) synthetic 7) distant 8) pessimistic 9) irreplaceable 10) enormousGrammar Review (pp23-24)1.1) She wished us health and success in the new year.2) He asked how we were getting along with our work.3) Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.4) Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea.5) He asked John how long he had been waiting for them.6) She said I needn’t have done all that myself.2.1) The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.3) He agreed that that was the best solution to the problem.4) My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.5) He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word (违背诺言).6) The man insisted that we (should) give an explanation of what had happened.7) Mrs. Jones complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.8) The sales manager explained that he couldn’t give us a definite answer because he had not received instructions from his company.Cloze (pp24-25)1) realm 2) elemental 3) obtain 4) stubbornly 5) transferred 6) transformed 7) subdued 8) expansion 9) irreplaceable 10) extinct 11) dynamic 12) verge 13) moderate 14) ecological 15) rationalTranslation (pp25-27)11) The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only 20 years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.4) Given the current financial situations, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) The government’s call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consists of even smaller particles.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9) The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time.10) We can’t go t here for a walk because there is navy base there, which is off limits to tourists. 2.Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds (the view) that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Unit Two Man and TechnologyWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent 6) advent 7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty11) boom 12) formal 13) soar 14) survey 15) Similarly16) modify 17) rough2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average 6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at workIncreasing Your Word Power1.AdjectivesNounsAdjectivesNouns1) technologicaltechnology6) luxuriousluxury2) eternaleternity7) leisurelyleisure3) miraculousmiracle8) subjectivesubject4) relevantrelevance9) prosperousprosperity5) analyticalanalysis10) innovativeinnovation2. 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic 6) multilateral 7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5) a multifunction video camera6) a multi-ethnic community 7) a multimedia dictionary 8) multi-cultural education9) a multilateral trade negotiation 10) multiform technological cooperation3. 1) j 2) c 3) b 4) i 5) a 6) g 7) d 8) e 9) f 10) h4.AdjectivesNounsAdjectivesNouns1) creativecreativity6) minorminority2) cruelcruelty7) originaloriginality3) equalequality8) purepurity4) locallocality9) regularregularity5) major10) superiorsuperiority1) superiority 2) equality 3) originality 4) minority5) Creativity 6) purity 7) crueltyGrammar Review1. 1) My mother would not be worried about me if she knew what my life was like.2) They would probably allow you to do the job if you were in better health.3) They wouldn’t work with such enthusiasm if they didn’t know what they were working for.4) I would have to look it up in the dictionary if I didn’t know the meaning of the word.5) She would understand what we say if she knew Chinese.6) I would be quite satisfied if you spoke with greater accuracy.2. 1) If we knew where he was, we would try to get in touch with him.2) If it were not for the expense involved, we would go there by plane.3) If we were to miss the train, we would have to wait another four hours.4) If we pooled all our resources, we would have enough money to buy the equipment.5) If he didn’t have a strong love for the handicapped children, he wouldn’t be working so tirelessly for them.Cloze1) emphasize 2) opposite 3) improved 4) luxuries 5) benefited6) obviously 7) consciously 8) fractures 9) eternal 10) groundbreaking11) entitled 12) correlation 13) depends 14) exclusively1. 1) He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.2) The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s plan to build a new library.3) The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4) I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.5) He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6) Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.7) The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8) These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is more dangerous.9) Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10) What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.2.Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Theme-related WritingSample Essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s livesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better.(184 words)key to unit 3 book 4WORDS IN ACTIONWorking With Words and Expressions1. 1) quest 2) remained 3) consume 4) likewise5) vessel 6) qualify 7) stiff 8) collapsed9) predict 10) inevitably 11) absorbed 12) sheer13) refining 14) paralyzed 15) exchange2. 1) In a way 2) act on 3) to such an extent that4) opens up 5) close off 6) look intoIncreasing Your Word Power1.Clipped wordsOriginal formsClipped wordsOriginal formsfaxfacsimilefridgerefrigeratorautoautomobilememomemorandumburgerhamburgerPoli-sciPolitical sciencedemodemonstrationsubSubstitute; submarinefluInfluenzazooZoological garden2.Nouns / Adjectives Suffixes Uncountable Nouns Chinese Meaningsking-dom / -hoodKingdom王国；领域fatherfatherhood父亲的身份（或资格）adultadulthood成年brotherbrotherhood手足之情，同胞之爱freefreedom自由；自主dukedukedom公爵的爵位likelylikeliness可能性neighbor neighborhood街坊，四邻；住宅区wisedom智慧，才智womanwomanhood女子成年期；女子气质3. 1) positive2) certain3) less4) unknown5) complete6) infinite7) hopeless8) modern9) individual10) contradictoryGRAMMAR REVIEW1. 1) If they hadn’t broken away from the out-of-date regulation, they wouldn’t have made great advances in their work.2) If they hadn’t taken proper care of her, she wouldn’t have recovered so rapidly.3) The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t made ad equate preparations.4) We would have had a hard time if we hadn’t followed the right instructions.5) The flood would have caused great damage to our property if we hadn’t built so many reservoirs.6) They would have succeeded in the experiment if they had followed the right procedure.2. 1) If English hadn’t become a language of international business after World War II, most developing countries wouldn’t have required students to study it at school.2) If William hadn’t invaded England in 1066, the English language wouldn’t have had many words of French origin.3) If modern English hadn’t developed from several different languages, the grammar and spelling rules wouldn’t have been so irregular.4) If England hadn’t been conquered by the Normans in 1066, French wouldn’t have become the main language of the ruling class at that time.CLOZE1. 1) topic 2) creates 3) really 4) grasp5) sure 6) opposite 7) contradictory 8) reality9) physical 10) rigidity 11) individual 12) humility13) rainbow 14) falsehoodTRANSLATION1. 1) Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers severely.2) The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.3) Acting on the information they received, the police closed off the streets and caught the bank robbers.4) We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5) The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to be re-employed.6) To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7) He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with the other students in a month.8) The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.9) It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponents.10) Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use / employment of new technologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.2.We all know that knowledge is power but we are seldom aware of how difficult knowledge transfer is. According to Victoria Griffith, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer and lack of trust is one of the major ones.It seems to her that people are only to absorb knowledge readily from those they know and trust. For example, in the early 17th century, Galileo argued that the earth and other planets move around the sun, but this knowledge was rejected by the general populations at that time because the Italian over three hundred years ago trusted the Roman Catholic Church more than they trusted science. What was worse, Galileo had to spend the rest of his life under house arrest for his ideas.Victoria Griffith reminds us that knowledge transfer is still a tough problem although we are living in the “knowledge era.”THEME-RELATED WRITINGSample Essay:Knowledge transfer is a human phenomenon and plays a very important role in the process of human evolution. With the knowledge accumulated over generations, human beings can now build and transform societies with unprecedented knowledge resources.However, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer. For example, lack of trust and resistance to change undermine the transfer of knowledge. People are less likely to acquire knowledge from those whom they don’t trust or to adopt new theories and practices they are not familiar with. Cultural and language barriers also hamper the transfer of knowledge between nations or ethnic groups. It would be almost impossible for people who speak different languages or dialects with different cultural backgrounds to communicate effecitvely, not to mention exchanging knowledge.An underdeveloped economy is another barrier to knowledge transfer. The lack of socio-economic and techno-environmental cooperation, as well as poor communications infrastructure, can greatly hinder the flow of knowledge within and between nations.To remove these barriers, people should change their attitude towards knowledge transfer and the learning of foreign languages and cultures. At the same time, efforts should be made to develop a better world economy. (190 words)The Answers to Book4---Unit4Enhance Your Language Awareness(I) Working with Words and Expressions1. (1) mass (2) gambled (3) voluntary (4) hunted(5) classified (6) abolished (7) division (8) senseless(9) fashions (10)coordination (11) declarations (12) spanned(13)recommends/recommended (14)moderately (15) slightest2. (1) stands/stood a chance (2) ruled out (3) worthy of(4) gone through (5) in the strict sense (6) At a guess(7) earns a living (8) coincide with (9) gone in for (10) got their teeth into(II) Increasing Your Word Power1.(1) imaginary (2) congratulatory (3) Migratory (4)documentary(5) legendary (6) introductory (7) contradictory (8) explanatory2. (1) vocation (2) posts (3) trade (4) job(5) work (6) profession (7)career (8) position3. (2)lawyer (3)electrician (4) philosopher (5) musician(6) engineer (7) surgeon (8) cashier (9) photographer (10) biologist Grammar1(1) I don’t remember having borrowed/ borrowing anything from you.(2) She’ll stay here for a co uple of weeks before going on to New York.(3) The prospect of Profesor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.(4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.(5) Arriving at the school gate, ha found his classmates had already assembled.2(1) He was afraid of falling behind the others..(2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.(3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan ?(4) We’re greatful to you for having given us so much help.(5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.(III) Cloze(1) enjoy (2)physical (3)compelled (4) necessity (5) support(6) mental (7) idealize (8) status (9) values(10) classified (11) essential (12) mind (13) attitude (14) fortunate(IV) Translation1. Sentence translation(1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was compelled to resign from the post of general manager of the company.(2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.(3) I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.(4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.(5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.(6) The municipal government promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.(7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.(8) If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.(9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.(10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdles and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.\2. Paragraph translationSome people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as w isdom, enthusiam, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he willl find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.The Answers to Book4---Unit5Enhance Your Language Awareness(I) Working with Words and Expressions1. (1) fortune (2) dull (3) chased (4) launched(5) finance (6) reputation (7) liberty (8) publicity(9) sufficiently (10) sympathy (11) target (12) educate(13) commerce (14) alike (15) bored (16) audiences(17) regard (18) assure2. (1) thrown out (2) and so on (3) for dear life(4) dedicate himself to (5) was tired of (6) turn away(7) hang on (8) for the sake of(II) Increasing Your Word Power1.Back-formationOriginal wordBack-formationOriginal wordautomateautomationhousekeephousekeeperbabysitbabysittermass-producemass-productionbook-keepbook-keepingself-destructself-destructiondry-cleandry-cleaningwindow-shopwindow-shoppingediteditorwordprocesswordprocessor2. (1) reached / secured (2) achieved / attained (3) attained / reached(4) reach / secure (5) achieved / realized / fulfilled (6) fulfill / meet / satisy 3. (2) competitive (3) same (4) momentary (5) specific(6) sufficient (7) cruel (8) humble (9) famous (10) reasonableGrammar Review1(1) (real) subject(2) object to the verb “make”(3) predicate(4) attribute modifying “opportunity”(5) object complement(6) adverbial of purpose(7) adverbial of result(8) predicative(9) attribute modifying “person”(10) independent element2(1) To become a famous writer(2) to take traveler’s checks(3) to employ a young engineer(4) take the machine apart(5) To understand the situation completely(6) to rise higher in position(7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before(8) to apply for a known job opening(9) to make trouble(10) To be more exact(III) Cloze(1) chase (2) reputation (3) dedicate (4) reward (5) sufficiently(6) measured (7) assure (8) Momentary (9) celebrity(10) target (11) frank (12) liberty (13) illusory (14) regard(IV) Translation1. Sentence translation(1) He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the venge of collapse but failed.(2) The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.(3) The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.(4) She loves giving parties and does os whenever she can find an excuse.(5) I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.(6) To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to the company.(7) It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.(8) Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another interview before hiring him.(9) The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong stra tegic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.(10) I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.2. Paragraph translationMany people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect form the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitalbe fuse for theelectric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have tried your best, you’re already success ful whether you are famous or not.Unit 6 Attitudes to LifeEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action (pp186-190)Working with Words and Expressions1. 1) commonplace 2) enduring 3) dim 4) command 5) imperfection 6) intensive 7) abandon 8) finite 9) mean 10) weaving 11) additional 12) aspirations 13) gratitude 14) endless 15) faithful 16) committed2.1) live on 2) dawned upon 3) live by 4) is invested with 5) hold fast to 6) All too 7) step aside 8) set out 9) to and fro 10) work atIncreasing Your Word Power1. create - creative; defense –defensive; construct –constructive; effect –effective; explode –explosive; impress – impressive; initiate – initiative; relate - relative1) take effective measures 2) a new kind of explosive 3) the only alternative 4) defensive weapons 5) an impressive speech 6) a comparative study of Chinese and western cultures7) take the initiative to donate blood 8) a creative musician 9) a distant relative10) a constructive proposal2.左列：beautify; contradict; deafen; differ; intensify; minimize; oppose右列：please; prosper; radiate; relent; respect; sparkle; wonder; wither3. 1) take care; take care of 2) have a chance; let the chance slip by; stand a chance of doing sth 3) show concern for; voice one’s conce rn 4) meet a demand 5) accumulate experience; lack experience 6) be filled with fear; in fear of; for fear of 7) receive a gift 8) bring hope to 9) gather strength 10) conduct a test （仅供参考）Grammar Review (pp190-191)1. 1) to 2) for 3) for 4) to 5) in 6) with 7) between 8) to 9) of 10) for 11) of 12) for2.1) Emma is an expert in / on organic farming.2) There is a greater demand for cars these days.3) The computer has had a great impact on our modern life.4) Henry has a talent for making people laugh.5) Many people in this country are demanding a reduction in taxes.6) I really have confidence in my best friend, and I can turn to him for help when in an emergency. Cloze (pp191-192)1) wither 2) sense 3) faithful 4) commit 5) aspirations 6) gratitude 7) dawns 8) accumulated 9) nourishment 10) preoccupied 11) flowers 12) tendered 13) weave 14) elevateTranslation (pp192-193)11) The ambassador to the UN was invested with full authority to deal with all the foreign affairs concerning his country on behalf of his government.2) All the way on the train I had been preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the conductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination.3) Although her husband’s name did not appear on the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident, she kept walking to and fro, anxious to see him back home sooner.4) I was setting out to translate the contract into English when it dawned upon me that both parties involved were Chinese companies.5) At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.6) With the great aspirations to become am astronaut, Jackson committed himself to the 2-year strenuous constitution training.7) His paintings, drawin g on timeless fairy stories, exemplified the Europeans’ taste of the period.8) The bus driver didn’t want to take any responsibility for the accident and so he took every means to put the blame on the passengers on board.9) He not only risked his own life to save the old man from the burning house but made some room in his own house for him to settle down.10) From childhood, she tried to live by the teaching of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct.2.What is truth? Trut h is the correct reflection of people’s knowledge about the objective world and its laws. Truth makes people full of hope and life full of brilliance and glory. Therefore, many people regard the pursuit of truth as the ultimate goal of their lives. In human history, many people devoted their lives to the pursuit of truth and made outstanding contributions to mankind.Truth is both absolute and relative. We say that truth is absolute because truth can objectively reflect the essentials of things. However, any truth is but people’s correct understanding of the development of things at a certain stage. Therefore, truth is relative and develops constantly.Sometimes, the brilliance of truth may dim but it will never die out. For some people, truth may seem beyond their reach. In fact, it is close at hand. We can find truth as long as we keep pursuing it heart and soul.。