Unit Three
3.1 Drive Line
Contents
ⅠPre-questions
ⅡText Explanation
ⅢExercises
ⅠPre-questions
How many main units does the drive line assembly consist of? What are they？
The drive line assembly consists of six main units.
They are clutch, transmission, drive shaft, final drive, differential and the driving wheels
How does the drive line work?
The drive line carries power from the engine crankshaft to the driving wheels, so the wheels rotate and the automobile moves.
II. Text Explanation
Fig.3-1 Drive Line
1-clutch; 2-transmission; 3-universal joint; 4-final drive;
5-differential; 6-drive shaft
The typical drive line comprises clutch, transmission, drive shaft, final drive, differential and the driving wheels.
译文：典型传动系统一般包括离合器、变速器、传动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动轮等六部分。
When you lift the clutch pedal, springs force the pressure plate and clutch plate against the flywheel.
译文：当抬起踏板时，压缩弹簧将压盘和从动盘推向飞轮。
A manual transmission requires a clutch to apply and remove the engine torque to the transmission input shaft.
译文：手动变速器需要用离合器来把发动机转矩施加给变速器输入轴或从变速器输入轴撤消。
When the car is on straight road, the ring gear, differential case, differential pinion gears, and two differential side gears all turn as a unit without any relative motion.
译文：汽车在直线行驶时，齿圈、差速器壳、差速器行星齿轮和两个差速器半轴齿轮作为一个整体运转，而无任何相对运动。
The drive shafts are usually hollow in order to weigh less, but of a large diameter so that they are strong .
译文：传动轴通常是空心的以减轻重量，但直径比较大使它有足够的强度。
III. Exercises
I.Translate the following expressions into Chinese.
manual transmission 手动变速器
reverse idler gears 倒档齿轮
gear ratios 齿轮齿数比
drive shaft 传动轴
clutch plate 离合器片
Differential 差速器
universal joint 万向节
coil spring 螺旋弹簧
pressure plate 压盘
Synchronizer 同步器
II. Identify the English names of the drive line according to the picture.
1 engine ;
2 transmission;
3 drive shaft;
4 driving wheel;
5clutch; 6 universal joint; 7final drive
III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.
The (differential ) system is part of the rear-axle-housing (assembly ), which includes the differential, (rear axles ), wheel and (bearings).
If the automobile were to be driven in a (straight ) line without having to make turns, then no differential would be necessary. However, when the automobile rounds a turn, the (outer ) wheel must travel farther than the (inner ) wheel. The differential (permits) the two rear wheels to rotate (different ) amounts when the automobile goes around a turn, while still (delivering ) power to both rear wheels.
IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. Although there are many types of clutch, the dry single plate type of traction clutch is used almost exclusively in
passenger cars.
2. The pressure on driven disk fitted onto the splined portion of shaft is provided by springs installed between the housing and pressure driving disks.
3. The universal joint or U-joints is used to connect the dive shaft to the transmission output shaft and the differential pinion gear shaft.
1.虽然离合器的种类很多，但客车上采用最多的还是单片干式离合器。
2.从动盘安装在传动轴的花键槽内，从动盘上的压力来自弹簧的弹力，
这些弹簧安装在离合器壳和主动盘之间。 3.万向节将动力输入轴、动力输出轴和差速器齿轮轴连接在一起。 V . Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 如果快速运转的发动机突然与静止车辆的传动系相连接，就会产生强烈的冲击。
2. 离合器是一种用以连接和分离发动机和变速器的装置。
3. 装有自动变速器的汽车一般不需要离合器。
1.It will have a strong impact when the spinning engine connects the stationary transmission.
2.The clutch is a device which is designed to connect and disconnect the engine and the transmission.
3. There is not clutch when the automobile equip automatic transmission.
3.2 Clutch
Contents Ⅰ Pre-questions Ⅱ Text Explanation Ⅲ Exercises
What will you do when you move the car ？ What will you do when you change gears?
Release parking brake and the clutch pedal and Release the clutch pedal
Ⅰ Pre-questions
Where is the clutch
in the automobile?
What is the function of the clutch?
Connect or disconnect the power from the engine to the drive line. How many main parts does the clutch consist of?
II. Text Explanation
In a car, you need a clutch because the engine spins all the time, but the car's wheels do not.
spin [spin] vt. & vi. 使…旋转
A-engine B-clutch C-clutch pedal
D-manual transmission
译文：汽车上需要一个离合器，因为发动机一直在旋转，而车轮却不是（一直旋转）。
In order to stop without killing the engine, the wheels need to be disconnected from the engine somehow.
somehow以某种方式，不知怎么
译文：为了使停车时发动机不熄火，车轮需要以某种方式与发动机断开连接。这句话中killing the engine 表示使发动机熄火
Somehow
我们必须设法在明天早上以前把工作做完。
We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning.
不知怎么地我们迷了路。
Somehow we lost our way.
The clutch（shown in Fig. 3-2）allows us to smoothly engage a spinning engine to a non-spinning transmission by controlling the slippage between them.
slippage [’slipid?] n. 滑动
译文：离合器（图3-2所示）允许我们将旋转的发动机和不转的变速器平稳地连接起来，这种连接通过控制它们之间的相对滑动来实现。
Fig. 3-2 Clutch
1-pressure plate; 2-driven disk; 3-flywheel; 4-clutch cover
Most cars equipped with a manual transmission use a single clutch disc, a diaphragm type spring，a pressure plate and clutch cover assembly, a clutch release bearing, and a clutch release fork.
single clutch disc 单片离合器盘
diaphragm type spring 膜片式弹簧
pressure plate 压盘
clutch cover 离合器盖
release bearing 分离轴承
release fork 分离叉
driven disk
Pressure plate and cover
release levers and release yoke release levers
The clutch has a clutch disc as its major part, and the clutch disc consists of a circular metal plate attached to a reinforced splined hub.
circular [’s?:kjul?]adj. 圆形的, 环形的; 循环的
reinforce [’ri:?n,f?:s]vt. 增强; 加强
splined hub 花键毂
译文：离合器有一个离合器盘作为主要部件，离合器盘包括一个圆形的金属盘，它与强化的花键毂连接在一起。attached to a reinforced splined hub 是过去分词短语作状语修饰metal plate
The splined hub is free to slide lengthwise along the splines of the transmission input shaft.
lengthwise [’le?θwaiz] adv.纵长地, 纵向地
译文：（离合器的）花键毂可以沿着变速器输入轴的花键自由滑动。
In its operating position in the engine/transmission linkup, the clutch disc is sandwiched between the engine flywheel and clutch pressure plate.
sandwich [’s?nwid?] n. 三明治
vt. 1 把…夹在…之间 2 挤在…中间
译文：在发动机和变速器接合状态下，离合器盘被夹在发动机飞轮和离合器压盘之间。
sandwich
把一片火腿夹在两片面包之间就做成了火腿三明治。
To make a ham sandwich you put a slice of ham between two slices of bread.
在公共汽车上, 他被挤在两个胖女人中间。
He was sandwiched between two very fat women on the bus.
The clutch fork and linkage provide the means of converting the up-and-down movement of the clutch pedal to the
back-and-forth movement of the clutch release bearing assembly.
means [mi:nz]n. 方法, 手段
译文：离合器分离叉和连接件提供了将离合器踏板的上下运动转化为离合器分离轴承机构的前后运动的一种方法。means
科学家们正在为发明一种能储存这种动力的方法而工作。
Scientists are working to devise a means of storing this type of power.
III. Exercises
I. Translate the following expressions into Chinese.
II. Identify the English names of clutch according to the picture.
diaphragm-spring type
coil-pressure-spring type
clutch release fork drive train driving axles pressure plate diaphragm type splined hub coil spring diaphragm release fingers friction disks engagement and disengagement 分离叉 传动系 传动轴 压盘 膜片式 花键毂 螺旋弹簧 膜片弹簧分离杠杆 摩擦盘 分离和接合
When the clutch pedal is (depressed ), the rod and shaft with yoke shift the release bearing and support (assembly ). The release bearing presses the inner ends of the release levers, the pressure (driven ) is moved away from the (plate) disk and the clutch is disengaged. To (engage ) the clutch, the pedal is released, the release bearing and support assembly is shifted back by the return spring thus releasing the releasing levers so that the pressure plate is forced by its springs towards the flywheel to clamp the driven disk and engage the clutch. IV . Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. The clutch is a device used to provide smooth engagement and disengagement of engine and transmission.
2. Every vehicle has an engine which provides the starting power, but the engine develops little power or torque at low rpm, and must gain speed before it moves a vehicle.
3. If the rapidly rotating engine was suddenly connected to the driveline of a stationary vehicle, the engagement would not be soft.
1.离合器是一种用以平稳连接和分离发动机和变速器的装置。
2.每辆汽车都有一个提供动力的发动机，但是发动机在低速转动时几乎不产生动力或扭矩，而且发动机必须快速转动才能推动车辆前进。
3.如果快速转动的发动机突然与静止车辆的驱动系统相连，这种接合就不会柔和。 V . Translate the following sentences into English.
6- locating studs 7-diaphragm spring 8-fulcrum ring
9-clutch cover
1-friction disk 2-spring 3-splined hub 4-driven disk 5-pressure plate
III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.
The clutch release mechanism can be operated either (mechanically ) or (hydraulically ). The mechanically operated release mechanism consists of a (pedal ), a (return spring ), a shaft with lever, a rod, a release yoke (lever ), a release yoke, a release ball bearing with support and a clutch release spring.
1. 经过离合器的动力输出主要是由与发动机曲轴相连的一个或多个驱动元件与一个或多个动力输入轴相连的驱动元件相接触形成的。
2. 沿压盘和离合器之间的圆周均匀分布的弹簧夹住压盘与飞轮之间的从动盘。
3. 汽车离合器在构造上都很相似，只是在压紧机构和分离机构的细节上稍有不同。
1. Power output by the clutch is mainly driven by the formation of tangency between one or more drive components connected to the engine crankshaft and others connected to the power input shaft.
2. The spring evenly distributed between the circumference of the pressure plate clamps the clutch disc between the flywheel and pressure plate.
3. All automotive clutches are very similar in construction, only different in the details of the pressure-plate assemblies and the separation.
3.3 Manual Transmission
Contents
ⅠPre-questions
ⅡText Explanation
ⅢExercises
ⅠPre-questions
What does the manual transmission consist of?
The manual transmission consists of a housing , an input shaft and gear, an output shaft and gear, a counter shaft, a reverse gear, a cluster of gears and a gear shift mechanism.
What’s the function of the gear shift mechanism?
The gear shift mechanism is designed for engaging gears, setting them neutral and engaging the reverse speed.
Where is the transmission located in the car? What does it act as?
The transmission is located in the middle of the engine and driving wheels.
It acts as changing the torque transmitted from the engine crankshaft to the propeller shaft, reversing the vehicle movement and disengaging the engine from the drive line for a long time at parking or coasting.
II. Text Explanation
Fig. 3-3 Manual Transmission
1-shift mechanism; 2- shift forks; 3-input shaft; 4-output shaft; 5-counter shaft
A transmission is a speed and power changing device installed at some point between the engine and driving wheels of the vehicle.
译文：变速器是一个安装在汽车发动机和车轮间某个位置上的变换速度和动力的装置。
Two types of transmission are the manual and the automatic .
译文：变速器可以分为手动式和自动式两种。
The manual transmission consists of a housing , an input shaft and gear, an output shaft and gear, a counter shaft, a reverse gear, a cluster of gears and a gear shift mechanism .
译文：手动式变速器由壳体、输入轴及齿轮、输出轴及齿轮、中间轴、倒档齿轮、齿轮组和换档装置组成。
The input shaft is made of steel integral with the driving gear and the rim .
译文：输入轴是钢制的，与驱动齿轮和齿圈制成一体。
The gear shift mechanism consists of a lever, shift rails, shift forks, retainers, locks and a reverse speed safety device.
译文：齿轮换挡装置包括换档杆、拨叉轴、换档拨叉、保持架、换档锁和倒档安全装置。
III. Exercises
I. Translate the following expressions into Chinese.
II. Identify the English names of the manual transmission according to the picture.
1-input shaft; 2-sleeve; 3-output shaft; 4-reverse shaft; 5-idler shaft; 6-gear
III. Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.
As we know, an engine can (generate ) only limited torque at low speeds. Driving condition is very complicated and this requires the (tractive ) effort and speed vary in a large scope. And without sufficient (torque ), moving a heavily loaded
parking or coasting neutral position tractive resistance counter shaft reverse gear
splined portion of the shaft in the bore of the crankshaft reverse speed safety device shift lever spherical bulb
停车或滑行 空挡位 牵引阻力 中间轴 反转齿轮 轴的花键部分 曲轴孔内 倒档速度安全装置 拨叉轴 球形座孔
vehicle from a standing start is impossible. In any engine, the crankshaft always rotates in the same (direction ). If the engine (transmits) its power directly to the drive axles, the wheels could be (driven ) only in one direction.
Given a level road, an automobile without a transmission could be made to move by (accelerating) the engine and (engaging) the clutch. However, a start under these conditions would be slow, (noisy ) and uncomfortable. In addition, it would place a (tremendous) strain on the engine and driving parts of the automobile.
IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
Most automobile manual transmissions allow the driver to select any forward gear at any time, but some, such as those commonly mounted on motorcycles and some types of racing cars, only allow the driver to select the next-higher or
next-lower gear ratio.
Manual transmissions are characterized by gear ratios that are selectable by locking selected gear pairs to the output shaft inside the transmission.
Contemporary automotive manual transmissions are generally available with four to six forward gears and one reverse gear, although manual transmissions have been built with as few as two and as many as eight gears.
1.大多数汽车的手动变速器，允许司机随时选择任意前进档位，但也有例外，安装在摩托车和某些赛车上的手动变速器，只允许司机选择次高档或次低档。
2.手动变速器的特点主要是：传动比的选择由安装在变速箱内部与输出轴相连的特定齿轮副确定。
3.当代汽车手动变速器一般设置四至六个前进档和一个倒档，齿轮数一般有二至八个。
V. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 变速器是用来改变发动机曲轴送到驱动轴的转矩，完成倒车和在汽车长时间停车或滑行时分离发动机和动力传动系统的装置。
2. 变速器中间轴齿轮与主动齿轮是常啮合的。
3. 换档装置通过变换齿轮啮合，实现前进档、空档和倒档之间的变换。
1. The transmission is designed for changing the torque transmitted from the engine crankshaft to the propeller shaft, reversing the vehicle movement and disengaging the engine from the drive line for a long time at parking or coasting.
2. The idler shaft gear and the driving gear are in constant mesh.
3. The gear shift mechanism completes the conversion among forward, neutral and reverse position to change gearing.
第一章汽车总论 1)Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。P1 现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 2)The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. P3 发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类：汽油机（点燃式）和柴油机（压燃式），都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气压上升，产生的能量驱动轴旋转，并传递给动力传动系。 第二章内燃机 1)Power train system: conveys the drive to the wheels 2)Steering system: controls the direction of movement 3)Suspension system: absorbs the road shocks 4)Braking system: slows down the vehicle P4 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器（对应机械变速器）或液力变矩器（对应液力自动变速器）、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。 5)Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. P6 鼓式制动器的制动鼓和轮毂连接，制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上，连着轮毂的制动盘被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。 1)Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn.The power stroke"uses up"the gas,so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture:this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves;An inlet valve allows the mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job . P10 活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接，使得气体带动曲轴旋转半圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体，这样就必须采取相应的措施排出废气并且向气缸内充入新的可燃混合气：气体的运动由气门来控制。进气门使可燃混合气在恰当的时刻进入气缸，排气门使燃烧后的废气排出气缸。 2)The spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition,which converts the energy cntained in the fuel to kinetic energy.The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft. P11 火花点火式发动机是由外部提供点火的内燃机，从而将含在燃料内的能量转化成动能。发动机的一个工作循环分布在活塞的四个行程中，一个完整的工作循环曲轴需要转动两圈。 3)The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus,there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine. P15
汽车专业英语大纲内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）
《汽车专业英语》课程标准 学时/学分： 32/2 课程类型：理论课程（A类） 适用专业：汽车电子技术专业 课程所属系部：汽车工程系 批准日期：2014年5月 一、制定依据与课程定位 （一）制定依据 本课程标准是依据汽车检测与维修技术、汽车制造与装配技术、需要制定。 （二）课程定位 《汽车专业英语》这门课程是汽车专业的一门专业选修课程，旨在使学生掌握汽车专业常用的英语词汇。 通过本课程的学习，培养学生在汽车专业领域具有的一定的英语阅读能力和翻译能力，以便学生更好的直接从外文资料中获取新的知识和信息。 二、课程教学目标 《汽车专业英语》是三年制高职汽车检测与维修技术、汽车制造与装配技术、的专业选修课程。其任务是使学生一方面可以巩固已掌握的词汇和语法知识，另一方面扩大专业词汇量，提高学生对汽车专业英文文献的阅读能力。通过教学应使学生获得初步具备专业英语翻译能力和初步具备能够直接从外文资料中获取信息的能力。 （一）知识目标 1、掌握专业英语中的基本词汇和专有名词； 2、掌握专业英语中常用的语法和句型结构； 3、可以阅读有一定词汇量的专业英语文献。 （二）能力目标 通过对《汽车专业英语》的教学，力求向学生提供未来工作岗位所需要专业英语知识，培养学生在实际工作岗位上运用汽车专业英语的能力。
1、阐述“专业阅读”，内容力求反应汽车专业方面的最新知识，文章能展示 当今汽车专业方面的最新技术，同时书中附带一些真实的现场照片。 2、阐述“专业术语”，帮助学生了解汽车各零部件的功能及应用，是学生进 入企业后应用较多的内容。 3、阐述“试试您的动手能力”，以汽车故障诊断为主，列举大量贴近企业工 作实际的实例。 4、阐述“交际会话”，选用贴近实际，贴近企业，贴近岗位的常用专业英语 会话。 （三）素质目标 通过教学应使学生认识《汽车专业英语》学习的基本方法， 1、具备通过查阅资料等方法，通过自学获取知识和新技术的能力； 2、通过不同形式的探究活动、自主学习，体验科技发现和创造的历程，发展 抽象思维和辨证逻辑思维。 3、养成严谨求实的科学态度以及质疑和独立思考的学习习惯。 4、使学生具备正确的价值观与评定事物的能力，具备一定的英文语言表达能 力以及与人交往沟通的能力。 5、培养学生爱岗敬业、团结协作、吃苦耐劳的职业精神与创新设计的意识。? 三、课程内容设计 （一）学时分配
Chapter Five History of Automobile 【课题】How about Auto Racing 【教材版本】 高等教育出版社，中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 【教学目标】 1．了解赛车运动的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。 2．能了解汽车文化, 并能借助字典查阅英文资料。 【教学重点、难点】 教学重点：赛车常用术语的英文名称。 教学难点：加深对汽车文化的理解。 【教学媒体及教学方法】 A. 语言功能意念训练 B. 围绕课文展开的讨论 C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。 D. 使用教材第5章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。 【课时安排】 2课时（90分钟）
【教学建议】 通过图片、视频等素材，使学生掌握赛车术语的英文表达。 增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。 【教学过程】 一、导入（5分钟） Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1, and currently officially referred to as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). 二、新授（75分钟） 译前词语准备 pit stop （赛场中的）修理站，加油站FIA(Federation International Automobile) 国际汽车联盟 World Championship 世界锦标赛 译文及评析 Auto racing is a test of endurance for the vehicle and the driver. Cutting edge technology combined with exceptional skill in driving, backed up with an all-encompassing team spirit is probably the reason behind most of the successes in auto racing. Auto racing is a demanding, yet exhilarating sport. An auto racing team is made of five core elements: The ownership, The team manager, The driver, The support crew, The sponsors. 赛车对汽车和车手来说都是一场耐力测试。尖端科技与异乎寻常的技术在驾驶上的相互结合，有一个全方位团队精神的支持，这些也许就是在赛车中绝大多数成功者背后的原因。赛车是一项要求苛刻的、但令人爽快的运动。赛车队由五个核心部分：所有人、赛队经理人、车手、维护人员、赞助商。 评析： auto：汽车，是美国口语用法。句中“ownership”本意“物主”，这里指车队所有人，即车队老板。 Brief service breaks during auto racing are called pit stops. The
About car engine Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile. 在汽车的所有部件中，汽车发动机是最复杂的组件，其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。 There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 事实上，按动力来源分发动机有很多种，如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样，内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧，通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。 Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block. 发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的（往复）直线运动。然而这种（往复）直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接，这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐，从而将往复直线运动转变成旋转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承，称之为连杆轴承，类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体，称之为主轴承。 They are generally two different types of cooling system:water-cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses. 主要有两种类型的冷却系统：水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体，称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套，节温器，水泵，散热器，散热器罩，风扇，风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。 A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches 90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off
《汽车专业英语》课程标准 一．课程性质与任务 《汽车专业英语》是汽车技术服务与营销专业的一门专业必修课程。随着中国汽车工业的飞速发展，有越来越多的外商进入中国市场，大量的国外汽车信息及汽车资料以及与外商、客户的交流对于我们汽车技术服务与营销专业来说尤为重要，这就需要我们了解、精通、掌握汽车专业通用语言——汽车专业英语。 本课程的主要任务是：本课程针对汽车销售实践中可能遇到的英文资料的类型，如整车性能特点、各系统零部件名称、车主手册等选用有代表性的实例，用英汉对照讲解，并将相关口语交流揉合在实例中，以培养学生汽车专业英文资料的理解能力，并能够用英语进行实际的交流并销售汽车。 二．课程设计思路 近年来，随着经济全球化的日益深入和汽车工业的不断发展，我国人民消费水平的提高以及汽车保有量的逐年增加，进口汽车大量涌入。同时，国内汽车制造业零部件的本土化比例也在不断提升，汽车技术正在迅速地与国际接轨，这就要求汽车专业人员必须具备汽车专业英文资料的阅读理解能力，为此，编者编写了这本《汽车专业英语》。。 本书以实用和交际为目的，把汽车知识和英语技能结合起来，既可供汽车专业人士和管理营销人士阅读和学习，也可作为职业院校学习汽车英语时的教材。本书在选材方面力求涉及面广，既涉及汽车的
发展、文化、环保和安全等方面的科普知识，又涵盖了汽车发动机、底盘等汽车专业知识。把高职高专基础英语教学内容和汽车专业英语课程内容进行科学合理的整合，将常用和实用的专业知识渗透到基础英语中。 每个单元由四个部分组成： （1）听说部分； （2）对话部分； （3）阅读部分（含三篇课文）； （4）相关专业词汇和短语部分。 对话部分涉及汽车销售及售后领域，主要包括客户接待、汽车介绍、价格协商、支付方式、汽车维修等方面；本书阅读部分题材新颖，取材于最新报刊、杂志。 三．课程内容 章节内容建议课时Unit1 TheVehicleworld 4 Unit2 HistoryofAutomobiles 4 Unit3 FamousCars 4 Unit4 CelebritiesintheAutoWorld 4 Unit5 LogosofAutomobiles 4 Unit6 TheProductionofAutomobiles 4 Unit7 TheLifeoftheAutomobiles 4 Unit8 AutomotivePollutionControlandFuel-efficiency 4
CHAPTER THREE CHASSIS 【课题】How Car Steering Works 【教材版本】 高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编. 【教学目标】 1．了解汽车转向系的构造，掌握有关英语词汇词组。 2．掌握汽车转向系相关术语的英语表达方法。 3．能查阅与汽车转向系知识有关的英文资料。 4．能借助字典翻译汽车转向系方面的文章。 【教学重点、难点】 教学重点：汽车转向系相关术语的英语表达方法。 教学难点：英汉互译的几种方法 【教学媒体及教学方法】 A. 语言功能意念训练 B. 围绕课文展开的讨论 C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。 D. 使用教材第3章第5课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。
【课时安排】 2课时（90分钟） 【教学建议】 导入、示例、多媒体 增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。 教学中应交替使用教材、实物和动画。 【教学过程】 一、导入（5分钟） 转向系功用： 改变或恢复汽车行驶方向的专设机构。
二、新授（75分钟） 译前词语准备 steer 转向 circle圆 making a turn转弯 the center point of the turn转向中心 译文及评析 You might be surprised to learn that when you turn your car, your front wheels are not pointing in the same direction. 你可能会很惊奇地发现，当你驾车转弯时，你的两个前轮并不在同一方向上。评析：your front wheels are not pointing in the same direction. 直译为“你的前面轮子没有在相同的方向指出”。无法理解，因此将pointing理解为“在……上”。 For a car to turn smoothly, each wheel must follow a different circle. Since the inside wheel is following a circle with a smaller radius, it is actually making a tighter turn than the outside wheel. If you draw a line perpendicular to each wheel, the lines will intersect at the center point of the turn. The geometry of the steering linkage makes the inside wheel turn more than the outside wheel.
Fuel Supply System of Gasoline Engine(UNIT SEVEN) All the gasoline engines have substantially identical fuel systems and run on a mixture consisting of fuel vapor and air. The fuel system comprises the units designed to store, clear and deliver fuel, the units intended to clean air and a unit for preparing a mixture from fuel vapor and air. In a fuel system different components are used to supply fuel from the fuel tank into the engine cylinder. Some of the important components are fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, carburetor, intake manifold and fuellines or tubes connecting the tank, pump and the carburetor. The fuel tank is a fuel container used for storing fuel. It is made of sheet metal. It is attached to the vehicle frame with metal traps and is located at the rear of the vehicle. They are mounted in a boot or boot-floor pan in case of front-engined cars and small commercial vehicles. In order to strengthen the tank as well as to prevent surging of fuel when the vehicle rounds a curve of suddenly stops, baffle plates are attached to the inside of the tank. A cap is used to close the filler opening of the tank. The fuel line is attached at or near the bottom of the tank with a filtering element placed at the connection. The other components of the fuel tank are the fuel gauge sending unit, a vent pipe, receiving unit. To prevent the dirt and water from entering the luggage compartment, a sealing strip is fitted between the fuel tank and boot floor pan. Moreover to limit the transmission of frame distortion to the tank giving rise to squeaking as the metal parts get rubbed together, rubber or felt pads are often fitted between the mountings and the tank. Provision is also made against drumming of the tank by these mountings. The tank may be placed at the side of the chassis frame for convenience in case of large commercial vehicles. The length of the connecting lines or tubes from the tank to the carburetor is also restricted by this at the same time. A porous filter is attached to the outlet lines. By drawing fuel from the tank through the filter, any water in the bottom of the tank as well as any dirt into the fuel gathers on the surface of the filter. To keep the fuel always under atmospheric pressure, the filter pipe or tank is vented. In order to prevent dirt in the fuel from entering the fuel pump or carburetor, fuel filters and screens are used in the fuel system. If the dirt is not removed from the fuel, the normal operation of these units will be prevented. The engine performance will also be reduced.
《汽车营销专业英语》课程标准 一、课程信息 课程名称：汽车营销专业英语课程类型：（汽车技术服务与营销专业核心课、支撑课等） 课程代码：0724113授课对象：（汽车技术服务与营销专业、全院、非英语专业） 学分：4 先修课：大学英语、汽车构造（上、下） 学时：54 后续课：无 制定人：贾泰华制定时间：2010年9月 二、课程性质 《汽车营销专业英语》是汽车技术服务与营销专业的一门专业必修课程。 随着中国汽车工业的飞速发展，有越来越的的外商进入中国市场，大量的国外汽车信息及汽车资料以及与外商、客户的交流对于我们汽车技术服务与营销专业来说尤为重要，这就需要我们了解、精通、掌握汽车专业通用语言——汽车营销专业英语。 本课程的主要任务是：本课程针对汽车销售实践中可能遇到的英文资料的类型，如整车性能特点、各系统零部件名称、车主手册等选用有代表性的实例，用英汉对照讲解，并将相关口语交流揉合在实例中，以培养学生汽车专业英文资料的理解能力，并能够用英语进行实际的交流并销售汽车。 三、课程设计 1、课程目标设计 （1）能力目标 总体目标：增加汽车专业词汇量，使学生能够用英语进行阅读、翻译一般性专业技术文件资料,了解最前沿的专业知识；使学生能听、说英语，以汽车专业英语为工具进行简单的日常对话，能够用英语进行简单的销售会话。 具体目标：能够识别约大量汽车专业英语词汇；能够阅读并熟练的翻译英语课文；能够用英语进行日常的销售会话。 （2）知识目标 掌握本专业的英语词汇及用法；了解汽车领域文章结构及体裁；掌握汽车的各部分构成及工作原理和功能的英语表达。 2、课程内容设计 （1）设计的整体思路：本课程系汽车技术服务与营销专业英语课程，对学生所学习的中文汽车结构加以概括、分类，以英文的形式表达出来，用英语介绍了汽车的主要系统构造和工作原理、汽车新结构和新技术方面的汽车电子燃油喷射系统汽车防抱死制动系统、润滑
四川科华高级技工学校一体化活页教材 《汽车专业英语》 教师姓名：白虎成 系部/专业：智能制造系
目录 第一单元 课题一：Development of the automobile(汽车发展史) 任务一：Development of the automobile(汽车发展史) 第二单元 课题一:Basic structure and working principle of engine(发动机基本结构与工作原理) 任务一：Operation Principle of Engine（发动机基本工作原理） 任务二:The General Structure of an Engine（发动机总体构造） 课题二：Automoblie basic(汽车基础知识) 任务一： The body(汽车车身) 任务二：The chassis(汽车底盘)
《汽车专业英语》课程简介 《汽车专业英语》是汽车相关专业的一门专业课程。本教材和教案的编写目的是帮助学生掌握一定数量的汽车专业英语常用词汇、专业术语,能够基本正确地阅读和理解汽车的维修、保养等英文资料,培养学生的职业岗位能力。因为随着汽车工业的快速发展、汽车的普及，大量进口车涌入我国市场，大部分汽车使用说明书、维修手册、仪表板显示、传感器和主要的零部件等都是用英文表达和标注的,汽车维修站的一些技术支持材料也是英文的，所以，作为汽车专业的学生、汽车行业相关从业人员具备基本的专业英语知识是非常必要的。 本教案根据中职学生的特点，教案内容由浅入深，实用性强，便于教学。本教案主要是以汽车发动机和底盘构造以及汽车新技术为主线，介绍汽车零部件及其使用、维修技术和汽车新技术，帮助汽车类专业的学生掌握汽车的结构原理、性能以及汽车美容、检测、保险等非常实用的汽车专业英语知识，并可供汽车行业相关从业人员和广大的汽车使用者参考使用。
unit1 body 车身chassis 底盘enclosure外壳、套hood车棚、车顶sway 摇摆frame车架steering转向、操作brake 制动weld焊接rivet铆钉bolt螺钉washer垫圈vibration 振动stabilizer稳定器ride乘坐舒适性handling操作稳定性linkages转向传动机构plier钳子distributor分电器alternator交流发电机regulator调节器carburetor化油器radiator散热器、水箱defroster除冰装置sludge金属碎屑transmission变速器differential 差速器power train 传动系unitized body 承载式车身suspension system 悬架系统steering system 转向系braking system 制动系shock absorbers减震器control arms控制臂steering wheel 转向盘steering column转向管柱steering gears 转向器tie rod 横拉杆idler arm随动臂brake shoe制动蹄disc brake 盘式制动器drum brakes 鼓式制动器ignition system 点火系统exhaust system 排气系统lubrication system 润滑系oil filters 机油滤清器drive（or propeller）shaft传动轴universal joints 万向节dynamo发电机horn喇叭swived 旋转steering box转向器timing gear 正时齿轮bevel gear 锥齿轮mesh with与啮合leaf spring 钢板弹簧stub axle 转向节 unit2 longitudinal纵向的transverse横向的reciprocate往复spin旋转piston活塞ignite点火rub摩擦quart夸脱reservoir油箱mechanical机械的enclosed被附上的gallon加仑stroke冲程camshaft凸轮轴combustion燃烧disengaged脱离啮合的flywheel飞轮internal-combustion engine内燃机diesel-fuel柴油LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas液化石油气体CNG=Compressed natural gas压缩天然气spark ignition火花点火compression ignition压缩点火spark plug火花塞gas-turbine engine蒸汽机Stirling engine斯特灵发动机lubricating system润滑系统oil pan油底壳oil pump机油泵exhaust system排气系统emission-control system排放控制系统energy conversion能量转换air/fuel ratio空燃比connecting rod连杆TDC=Top Dead Center上止点BDC=Bottom Dead Center 下止点intake stroke进气冲程compression stroke压缩冲程power stroke作功冲程exhaust stroke排气冲程compression ratio压缩比lifter挺柱rocker摇臂retainer弹簧座seal密封件tappet 推杆lobe凸起gasket垫圈valve train配气机构cam follower气门挺柱rocker arm摇臂combustion chamber燃烧室intake valve进气阀exhaust valve排气阀valve stem气门杆valve cover气门室盖valve port阀口valve guide气门导管 unit3
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 引擎燃烧室 1. principle of operation 原理 Engine and power : Engine is used to produce power. The chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate. This process is called combustion. If engine combustion occurs with the power chamber. ,the engine is called internal combustion engine. If combustion takes place outside the cylinder, the engine is called an external combustion engine. Engine used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases with the chamber. The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power. 译: 引擎和能量: 引擎为汽车提供能量，燃料的化学能通过燃烧，转化为热能，这个过程叫燃烧。假如燃烧在燃烧室，这样的发动机叫内燃机。假如燃烧在气缸外，这样的发动机叫外燃机。 用在汽车上的一般是内燃机，热能在燃烧室释放，燃烧室气体温度升高。气体温度的升高使气体的压力曾加，燃烧室内的高压气体作用在活塞头部产生可以利用的化学能，化学能转化为机械能。 Engine T erms : Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn. The power stroke “uses up” the gas , so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture :this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves ;an inlet valve allows the new mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job. Engine terms are : TDC(Top Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft. BDC(Bottom Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is nearest to the crankshaft. Stroke : the distance between BDC and TDC; stroke is controlled by the crankshaft. Bore : the internal diameter of the cylinder. Swept volume : the volume between TDC and BDC Engine capacity : this is the swept volume of all the cylinder e.g. a four-stroke having a capacity of two liters(2000cm) has a cylinder swept volume of 50cm. Clearance volume: the volume of the space above the piston when it is at TDC. Compression ratio = (swept vol + clearance vol)\(clearance vol) Two-stroke : a power stroke every revolution of the crank.