练习一
For many people today, reading is very important. In applying for a job, the ability to read and comprehend quickly can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are poor readers. Most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency lies in the actual stuff of language itself-words. Taken individually, words have little meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. Unfortunately, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to reread words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which slows down the speed of reading is vocalization-sounding each word either orally or mentally as one reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an accelerator, which moves a bar ( or curtain ) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate than the reader finds comfortable. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading, regression and vocalization, practically impossible. At first comprehension is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill drastically improved after some training.
练习二
The past 20 years have been enormous changes in the lives and structure of families in Britain.
The biggest change has been coused by divorce. As many as 1 out of 3 marriages now end in it, leading to a situation where many children live with one parent.
There has also been a huge rise in the number of women with children who work. The large rise in divorces has meant many women need to work to support themselves and their children. Even where there is no divorce, many families need both parents to work in order to survive. This has caused an increase in childcare facilities, though it is very expensive and can be difficult to find in many areas.
In addition, women are no longer happy to stay at home raising children, and many have careers earning as much or even more than men, the traditional breadwinner.
There has also been a sharp increase in the number of single mothers, particularly among teenagers. Some people have blamed this increase for the rise in crime. They feel the lack of a male role model has damaged these children in society.
However, these changes have not had a totally negative effect. For women, it is now much easier
to have a career and good salary. As for children themselves, some argue that modern children grow up more independent and mature than in the past.
练习三
Thanksgiving Day is the most turly American of the national Holidays in the United States. In 1620, Some settlers sailed to America on the May flower, seeking a place where they could have freedom of worship. After a two-mouth voyage they landed at in icy November.
During their first winter, over half of the settlers died of starvation or epidemics. Those who survived began sowing in the first spring.
All summer they waited for the harvests with great anxiety, knowing that their lives and the future existence of the colony depended on the coming harvest. Finally the fields produced a yield rich as expectations. And therefore it was decided that a day of thanksgiving to the Lord be fixed. Years later, President of the United States proclaimed the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year. The celebration of Thanksgiving Day has been observed on that date until today.
The pattern of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. On the dinner table, people will find apples, oranges, chestnuts, grapes and other species of food. The roast turkey and pumpkin pie have been the most traditional and favorite food on Thanksgiving Day throughout the years.
Thanksgiving Day is a national annual holiday on which Americans of all faiths and backgrounds join in to express their thanks for the year’s bounty and ask for continued blessings.
练习四
The British government expects the total number of overseas students to be around900,000 by 2020. Now, universities in Britain are a magnet for overseas students.
But why is the UK such a popular destination for university students? Well, the quality of your course is guaranteed. All courses are assessed by an independent system, so you can be assured that your course is officially approved and has wide international recognition.
The British education system is very flexible in order to provide for the needs of a modern, complex society. It is also cost-effective. Degree courses are usually 3 years long, which is shorter and more intensive than in other countries. There are lots of scholarships available. British universities offer a personalized and independent approach. The emphasis is on creative and independent thought, which helps develop the skills you will need to compete in the global job market.
It is very simple to become am international student in the UK. The British Council offers a free
and impartial service to anyone who is interested in studying in the UK, and an organization called UCAS assists you in finding a course and making an effective application.
练习五
There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, our long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-range goals that will build on those that have been completed.
The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-range goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school years, or they could even extend for several yaers. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discourage or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase.
Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.
练习六
A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pattern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, control floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; and in consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing.
When numbers rise the extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought under cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some areas the accessible land is largely so intensively cultivated that it will be difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farming methods. Were a larger part of this farming population drown off into industrial occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern methods.
There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the output of food rising quicker than the number of people to be fed. New strains of crops are being developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates: there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America; dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water fot the fields in all seasons; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to suit particular soils. Every year some new means is devised to increase
or to protect the food of the world.
练习七
Online Shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons; prices are often lower online, you don’t have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.
Computer trends are often dominated by males but this year women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet. It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of online shopping than they used to be.
Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to￡240compared to the slightly lower average of ￡233 for men, while the average spend per person on the high street is only ￡197.
In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online. Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Internet and the reliability of the Internet but as shopping online has become more widespread, these worries have begun to disappear.
One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. Many companies are concerned that not enough shoppers are coming through their doors in the run-up to Christmas. As a result there are lots of special offers in the shops. Most shops traditionally have sales after Christmas but this year the promotions have come early in an attempt to lure consumers to spend.
练习八
Friends play an important part in our lives, but we often don’t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few. In all the cases of friendly relationships, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interests vary enormously. As we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.
It is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.
In contrast with marriages, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared
experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.
练习九
In primitive societies sick people had to rely on medicine men and witch doctors. It was believed that a person was sick because he had been attacked by evil spirits. The witch doctor’s job was to drive off these spirits.
His method involved a combination of three methods, the first of which was religious. He chanted magic words and used good luck charms which he thought had power over the evil spirits that supposedly had entered the patient’s body. Secondly, he deliberately fed the patient mixtures, which were often dirty and disgusting, to make the evil spirits so uncomfortable that they would gladly run away and so enable the patient to get well.
The third method was to give the patient medicines prepared from certain plants and herbs similar in shape or texture to the to the various organs of the body. From our point of view, this was the only method that had any value. Morden scientific study has shown that some of these remedies had real usefulness in curing sickness, or at least in relieving pain, but not for the reasons advanced by the witch doctor.
练习十
Many traffic accidents flow essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. Carelessness in no excuse when one’s actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence.
Researchers have estimated that most automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychological condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can distort drivers’ reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers. The experts warn that every driver should make a continuous effort to keep one’s emotions under control.
Yet the irrensponsibility that accounts for much of the problems is not confined to drivers. Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations, many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.
Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicles have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspection. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts consider that the only real resolution is to
convice people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things pose a threat to those with whom they share the road.
练习十一
How important is your appearance? Although everyone wants to be good-looking, are beautiflu people always happier than the ordinary people? For example, it must be a problem to be a really beautiful woman, because some men may be more interested in looking at you than talking to you. They think of you as a picture rather than a person. There are also some people who think that women who are exceptionally pretty and men who are particularly handsome must be stupid. They think so probably because those beautiful women and handsome men pay too much attention to their appearance, and they spend little time learning something. They believe that only unattractive people can be intelligent. The intelligence can make up for the unattractive appearance in a sense.
On the other hand, no one wants to be really ugly, and have a face that even your mother doesn’t want to look at, and no one wants to be plain either: that is to be neither attractive nor unattractive, and have a face that is easily forgotten.
Being atttactive is like being rich: it can help you find happiness, but it doesn’t always make you happy. So maybe the best thing is not to worry too much about how you look, but simply try to be an interesting person. For interesting people have interesting faces, and interesting faces are almost always attractive.
练习十二
What is the basis of truly happy marriage? Romance? Communication? True love? It certainly isn’t money, right?
Most people would agree that money isn’t what makes a good marriage but, according to marriage counselors, it is certainly a big factor in making a bad one.
The British Relationship Counseling Sevice found, that money was the number one cause of arguments amongst couples in the UK. US counselors agree that money is one of the major factors in many divorces. And it isn’t just lack of money that causes problems.
Believe it or not, your attitude to money is more important than how much you have. It may not be romantic, but with 50% of marriage ending in divorce, often due to financial difficulties, isn’t it time that we stopped whispering sweet nothings and started some straight talk about money?
Money is, for many people, the last great taboo subject. “We never talk about money before we got married,” Jane, a teacher who has been married for five years, told us.
These attitudes aren’t unusual, people in love rarely talk about money.
The myth of romantic love tells us we will meet someone, get married and live happily ever after. There’s nothing in the fairy stories to tell us how to discuss our finances. But your partner’s attitude to money is probably one of the most important things you need to know about him or her.
练习十三
If a woman decides to take a job outside the home, there are many important questions which are raised. Can she get any job she is capable of and qualified for? If she gets a job and some of her fellow workers are men doing the same work, will she be paid as much as they are? This issue is considered important in the United States. The government has passed some laws to try to help women get any job for which they are qualified, and to help them get the same pay as a man for doing the same work. This is called the Affirmative Action Law. It says that if a company is not inferiority to women and other minority groups, the government will not do business with that company. This encourages business to provide equal opportunity for women.
Many people agree with the ideas and goals of women’s liberation. They feel that women ought to be comsidered equal to men in every way. They feel a woman should be able to do anything that she wants to do and can do. Other people object to women’s liberation. They feel that women belong at home, taking care of men and children. Many husbands do not want their wives to work outside the home. Some women agree with these men. People who believe in women’s liberation believe that work in the home is important and should be respected. But they want to make sure that a woman works at home because she wants to, and not because she can’t get a job outside the home.
练习十四
If there is one thing I’m absolutely confident about, it is that in a hundred years from now we will still be reading newspapers. Not that newspapers are a necessary. Even now some people get most of their news from television or have the radio switched on in the background or in the car. Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday. But for most people a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation.
The basic British character won’t change, and one of the characteristics of the British is they don’t much like talking to each other when they get up. So what better way is there to keep yourself to yourself in the morning than to wrap yourself in a newspaper?
Over the past couple of centuries, human beings have developed an intimate relationship with the newspaper. It has become as natural as breathing, and it is not just the British who love newspapers. On
suburban trains in Calcutta, for instance, just one person in the whole compartment will buy a newspaper and read aloud the best bits to his fellow passengers, much to everybody’s enjoyment. The nature of what is news may change. What essentially makes news is what affects our lives. I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though. It’s already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic engineering. In the future, I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do whether it’s love or depression as we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our emotions really are.
练习十五
During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you’re not tired. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. We may hear, “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John has his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean.
You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life better. Habit can help, Dr. Keleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get with a leisurely yawl and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the trouble such as searching for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
练习十六
There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brain differs considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual, the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated
by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brain at birth, and their growth process was the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster home. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who has been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. When they were given tests to measure their intelligence, Mark’s IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
练习十七
Unavoidably, Global climate is to change. “No matter how well the world controls emissions of greenhouse gases, global climate change is inevitable”, warn two new studies which take into account the oceans’slow warming.
Even if greenhouse gases never rise beyond their present level, temperatures and sea levels will continue rising for another century or more because of a time lag in the oceans’ response to atmospheric temperatures, say researchers.
This time lag means policymakers cannot afford to wait to tackle climate change until its consequences become painful, because by then they will already be committed to further change, they urge. “The feeling is that if things are getting bad, you hit the stop button. But even if you do, the climate continues to change,” says Gerald Meehl, a climatologist.
But even an optimistic scenario predicts that global temperatures would continue to rise by between 0.4℃and 0.6℃over the next century. That increase is comparable to the increase in during the 20th century.
And because water expands as it warms, this time lag in temperature will continue to push sea level higher. Meehl’s models predict that thermal expansion alone would make sea levels rise by about 11 centimeters over the next century, even if greenhouse gases were held at 2,000 levels. The real rise would almost certainly be more, he says, because his models do not include the effect of melting of glaciers and icecaps, which will be more rapid in a warmer world.
练习十八
Friendship is an in-depth, relaxed relationship combining trust, support, communication, loyalty, and intimacy. These are certainly aspects of life that all of us desire.
Being able to trust and relax with your friend is a big part of friendship. You go out into the world and do your best. You have your ups and downs, your problems and triumphs. You charm and you perform. Then you come “home” to a friend. You can relax, put up your feet, you are relieved. If you still have to be charming and/or performing, it’s not a relief. Friendship is a comfortable situation like home. You get home, kick off your shoes, relax and sigh, “Ah, home.”
But no one can form a friendship until he/she realizes that one basis of being friends is meeting the needs of the other person. One must be a friend to have one.
Be understanding when your friend has a last minute change in plans. Learn to accept“I’m sorry to cancel, but we will have another time together Sunday”. Flexibility is always important for maintaining friendship.
When paths begin to separate (you are married, he isn’t, or you have a baby, she is still childless) in the road of life, that is the most important time of all to stay in touch with friends.
When there is conflict, it must be resolved for friendship to continue. Comfrontation is one way to resolve conflict. Talking it out is another. A cooling-off period is sometimes necessary when conflict has occurred.
In fact, probably the quickest way to end a friendship is to neglect it and cut off contact. It is hard to make time in a busy day and busy life for our friends. But you don’t have to spare hours to maintain friendship.
练习十九
As a company executive who spent ten years in federal service, I am often asked what I regard as the biggest difference between working for the government and working for a private company. My invariable response is to say that I look back on my time in government as one of the most exciting and challenging experiences of my life. Furthermore, I never worked as hard as when I was a public servant.
When I worked for the government, I worked with some of the finest, most competent and most committed people I have ever met. I was impressed by the overall quality of our career civil servants then, and I still am now. But one of my greatest concerns now is that I will not be able to hold this same high opinion in the future.
Career public servants are leaving government in alarming numbers, and qualified replacements are becoming harder and harder to find. Good people who leave career government service are striving for highly paid positions in private enterprises.
We depend on government to keep this country safe in an uncertain world, to secure justice and domestic order and to solve a host of pressing problems. We need the best possible people performing and overseeing these vital tasks. A high-quality, professional federal service has been a source of national pride for more than a century. But what we have built up during a hundred years can be lost in less time than we imagine. We can’t afford to let this happen. We must act now if this country is to be assured of the quality public service it deserves.
练习二十
Some people believe that international sports create goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international competitions encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused mainly by minor national competitions.
The American basketball team announced that they would not give up the first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their competition. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought all in all that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was annouced that there were three seconds still to play. Russian player popped the ball into the basket. It was the first time the USA had lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury announced that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue so long as sports are played competitively rather than for the love of the game. In the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourage aggressive patriotism.
模拟题一
Nothing has changed man’s life as much during 20th century as the discoveries in science. In the field of medicine, cures for life-threatening diseases have added years to life expectancy. Modern drugs and advanced surgical techniques have also prolong life. In communication, the telephone has made it possible for us to talk to anyone. Advances in transportation allow businessmen to fly across the ocean in the morning and return home the same evening.
Science has begun to meet the challenges of the energy crisis by developing new sources of power. More efficient ways of using available resources, such as coal and solar power, have been explored.
Scientific discoveries have also altered man’s moral atmosphere. It has become increasingly important to consider the ethical issues surrounding these new scientific discoveries. Until it is possible to keep a terminally ill person live through drugs and machines, it may not be the most humane procedure. Someone must decide when life ends. With advances in transportation has come the problem of pollution. No major city in the world is without its share of smog, fumes and noises. If cities become uninhabitable, then such technical advances may be too great a price to pay. The search for new sources of energy has brought the danger of contamination from radioactive materials when nuclear power is used. During the future years, increasing attention must be given to the moral as well as the practical application of science.
模拟题二
In many Western societies such as Untied States or Canada, which are made up of many different nationalities, religious groups and cultural orientations, individualism and independent thinking are highly valued. And these values are reflected by the education systems in these countries. Teachers emphasize the qualities that make each students special. Students are seldom expected to memorize information, instead, they are encouraged to think for themselves, find answers on their own and come up with individual solutions. At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions, and to express their ideas in class discussion.
In Japan, by contrast, the vast majority of people share the same language, history and culture. Perhaps for this reason, the education system there reflects a belief in group goals and traditions rather than individualism. Japanese schoolchildren often work together and help one another on assignments. In the classroom, the teacher is the main source of knowledge: he or she lectures, and the students listen. There is not much discussion, instead, the students recite rules or information that they have memorized.
The advantage of the education system in Japan is that students there learn the social skill of cooperation. Another advantage is that they learn much more math and science than most American students. The advantage of the education system in North America, on the other hand, is that students learn to think for themselves. They learn to take the initiative-to make decisions and take action without someone telling them what to do.
三、完形填空 第四部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 以下短文中共包含10个未完成的句子，针对每给句子中空缺部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出正确选项。 There were once three sons of a wealthy businessman. 21 they met, the two eldest, who were twins, 22 to quarrel about which of them should be his father’s heir（继承人）. The youngest, who was not 23 ambitious （野心勃勃的）, took no part in their argument. As soon as they left home, the father arranged for an adequate income to be provided for 24 of them, but insisted that apart from this they were to be financially self-supporting. The 25 twin, who had the advantage of good looks and a striking personality, decided that he would take up the stage 26 a career. He 27 a small repertory company, acted in minor parts, was always unpunctual （不准时）at rehearsals and was accordingly 28 with his fellow-actors. He earned little and so had to live mainly on his allowance. He occasionally thought of 29 his profession, but always put off 30 a decision, and he became increasingly bored and disillusioned. 21. A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. however 22. A. are used B. used C. using D. are using 23. A. at least B. at most C. in the least D. in the most 24. A. every B. all C. each D. none 25. A. first B. older C. younger D. elder 26. A. is B. as C. be D. / 27. A. joined B. attended C. went D. joined in 28. A. popular B. unpopular C. welcome D. unwelcome 29. A. living B. turning C. ending D. changing 30. A. making B. make C. decide D. deciding 21-25 BBCCD 26-30 BABDA 第四部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps 21 the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, 22 reading material and giving out assignment. The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and 23 what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture with notes which do not catch the main points and 24 become hard even for the students to understand. Most institutions provide courses which assist new students to develop the skills they need to be 25 listeners and not-takers. If these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which 26 learners to practice these skills independently. In all cases it is important to 27 the problem before actually starting your studies. It is important to acknowledge that most students have difficulty 28 acquiring the language skills required in college study. One way of 29 these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the academic year. Another basic strategy is to find a study partner 30 it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support. 21. A. extending B. illustrating C. performing D. conducting 22. A. attributing B. contributing C. distributing D. explaining 23. A. suspects B. understands C. wonders D. convinces 24. A. what B. those C. as D. which 25. A. effective B. passive C. relative D. expressive 26. A. enable B. stimulate C. advocate D. prevent 27. A. evaluate B. acquaint C. tackle D. formulate 28. A. in B. on C. of D. with 29. A preventing B. withstanding C. sustaining D. overcoming 30. A. in that B. for which C. with whom D. such as 21-25 BCCDA 26-30 ACADC 第四部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
学士学位英语单词 abandon v.放弃，抛弃 aboard ad.在船（飞机、车）上prep.在（船、飞机、车）上上（船、飞机、车） about to do 即将… bring sth. about 使发生 about face 向后转；（态度，意见等）大转变 How about…? 表示访问，…怎么样？What about…? 表示询问，…怎么样？…好吗？…好吗？ Above prep.在…上面，超过a.上面的，上述的ad.在上面 above oneself 过于自信，兴高采烈abroad ad.国外,海外 at home and abroad/国内外 absence/n.缺席，不在场；+ absent/a.缺席，不在场，缺乏的；漫不经心的 absent-mined 心不在焉的，出神的absolute/a.绝对的，完全的；（语法）独立的 absorb v.吸收（水、热、光等）吸取，接受（知识、意见等） be absorbed in 专心于 abundant 丰富的，充分的academic 学院的，学术的accent n.腔调，口音n.重音，重音符号 accept v.接受，认可 access n.接近，进入，通路have an access to 进入 There is an access to…有一条通向…的通道 accident n.事故n.意外的事，偶然的事by accident 偶然、无意中 road 交通事故 accompany v.陪伴，伴随，伴奏 accomplish v.完成（任务等） according (只用于下列两个习语中) according to 按照，根据 according as+从句根据…而… 按 照…而… accordingly ad.因此，从而，相应地； 照着（办、做等） account n.账，账目，账户v.说 明，解释（for） on account of=because of 因为，由于 take(no)account of (不)考虑，（不）重 视 on one’s own account为自己的利益，独 立地，自行担负责任 accuracy n.准确，精密（性） accurate a.准确的，精确的 accuse v.谴责v.指控，告发 accuse sb.of sth. 指责、控告某人，某事。 *accustomed a.惯常的，习惯的 be accustomed to 习惯于 ache n.疼痛，酸痛 be aching to do 渴望… have an ache in …疼 achievement n.完成，达到 n.成就，成绩 *acid n.酸 acquire v.取得，获得 across ad,/prep.横越，横过 prep.在…那边 act n.行为，动作；（一）幕；法令，条 例 v..行动，举动；起作用；表演 act as 担任，充当 act for 代理 act on/upon （药等）起作用 action n.行动，动作 n.作用 go into action 投入战斗，行动起来 out of action 失去作用，失去战斗力 active a.活动的，活跃的， 活泼的 a.敏捷的，积极的， 主动的 be active in 积极/主动作 activity n.活动 actor n.男演员，演员 actress n.女演员 actual a.实际的，现实的 ad(Am.E) n.=advertisement.广告 *adapt v.（to）使适应，使适合 v.改编，改写 add v.加，加上 v.增加，增进 add…to… add up to 合计为…，部共 把…加到…上 addition n.加法，增加 in addition to 除…之外，加之，并且 additional a.附加的，另外的 address n.地址，通讯处 n./v.致词 v.致函，写地址 address oneself to… 从事/致力，忙于…，与…谈话 /通信 *adequate a.足够的，恰当的 adjective n./a.足够的，恰当的 adjust v.调节，调整 *administration n.管理n.行政部门 admire v.羡慕，赞赏，饮佩 admit v.允许进入，接纳v.承认 adopt v.收养v.采用，采纳，通过 adult n.成人 advance v.推进，促进 v./n.前进，进展 in advance 提前，预先 advanced n.优点，有利条件 n.利益，好处 gain/have advantage over 胜于，优于 take advantage of 乘…之机，利用 to one’s advantage 对…有利 adventure n.冒险，惊险活动 adverb n.副词 advertise v.为…做广告 advertise for 招聘；做广告；征求 advertisement n.广告 advice n.忠告，意见 advise v.忠告，劝告 v.通知 aeroplane n.飞机 affair n.事，事情，事件 affect v.影响 afford v.担负得起，买得起，花 得起（时间等） v.供给，给予 afraid a.怕的，害怕的 a.惟恐的，担心的 be afraid of… 怕… be afraid to do… 怕…，不敢…
2017年11月北京成人学士学位英语考试真题及答案 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages In this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: In 2014, older Americans fell 29 million times, leading to 7 million injuries, according to a report published last week. About million cases were treated in emergency department, and approximately 800,000 seniors went on to be hospitalized. More than 27,000 falls led to death. (76) And the problem is getting more and more serious. “Older adult falls are increas ing and, sadly, often indicate the end of independence,” said Dr. Tom Frieden. The fallsare preventable, Frieden stressed. He said individuals, families and health care providers can take steps to resist the trend.
练习一 For many people today, reading is very important. In applying for a job, the ability to read and comprehend quickly can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are poor readers. Most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age, and neve g r et over them. The main deficiency lies in the actual stuff of language itself-words. Taken individually, words have little meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. Unfortunately, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to reread words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which slows down the speed of reading is vocalization-sounding each word either orally or mentally as one reads. To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an accelerator, which moves a bar ( or curtain ) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate than the reader finds comfortable. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, making word-by-word reading, regression and vocalization, practically impossible . At first comprehension is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts , you will not only read faster, but your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill drastically improved after some training. 练习二 The past 20 years have been enormous changes in the lives a s n tr d ucture of families in Britain. The biggest change has been coused by divorce . As many as 1 out of 3 marriages now end in it, leading to a situation where many children live with one parent. There has also been a huge ris i e n the number of women with children who work. The large rise in divorces has meant many women need to work to support themselves and their children. Even where there is no divorce, many families need both parents to work in order to survive . This has caused an increase in childcare facilities , though it is very expensive and can be difficult to find in many areas. In addition , women are no longer happy to stay at home raising children, and many have careers earning as much or even more than men, the traditional breadwinner. There has also been a sharp increase in the number of single mothers, particularly among teenagers. Some people have blamed this increas f e or the rise in crime. They feel the lack of a male role model has damaged these children in society. However , these changes have not had a totally negative effect. For women, it is now much easier to have a career and good salary.As for children themselves, some argue that modern children grow up
2015年学位英语新版考试大纲 成人高等教育本科生学士学位英语水平考试大纲（非英语专业） 教育部学位与研究生教育发展中心 高等教育出版社（2013年5月） 一、考试性质 成人高等教育非英语专业学士学位英语水平考试是由各省级高等教育主管部门组织的统一考试，其目的是为了客观地测试非英语专业成人本科毕业生申请学士学位者的英语语言知识和运用能力，考查其是否达到普通本科教育非英语专业英语教学的一般要求。 二、考试要求 成人高等教育非英语专业学士学位英语水平考试要求考生能够较熟练地掌握英语基本语法和常用词汇，具有较强的阅读能力和综合运用能力。考生在运用能力方面应分别达到以下要 .000求： （一）会话 能够使用英语进行日常会话交流，根据对话的情景、场合、人物关系、身份和讲话人的意图及话语含义做出正确判断和用语选择，并能理解常见的英语口语的习惯用法。 （二）阅读 能够综合运用英语知识和基本阅读技能，读懂难度适中的一般性题材（经济、社会、政法、历史、科普、管理等）和体裁6已叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文等）的英语文章。阅读速度达到每分钟80个词。具体要求为： 1.能够掌握文章的中心思想、主要内容和细节； 2.具备根据上下文把握词义的能力，理解上下文的逻辑关系； 3.能够根据所读材料进行一定的推论； 4.能够对文章的结构和作者的态度等做出一般的分析和判断。 （三）词汇 掌握本考试大纲所规定的英语词汇、常用词组、常用词缀，并在阅读、写作等过程中具有相应的应用能力，即： 1.领会式掌握4 400个单词和550个常用词组；
2.复用式掌握2 000个左右的常用单词和搭配以及200个左右的常用词组； 3.掌握一定数量的常用词缀，并能根据构词法和语境识别常见的派生词。 （四）语法 掌握基本的英语语法知识，要求能在阅读、写作等过程中正确运用这些知识，达到正确理解、获取信息及表达思想的目的。需要掌握的具体内容如下： 1.名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法； 2.动词的基本时态、语态的构成及其用法； 3.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法； 4.常用连接词、冠词的词义及其用法； 5.非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法； 6.虚拟语气的构成及其用法； 7.各类从句的构成及其用法； 8.基本句型的结构及其用法； 9.强调句型的结构及其用法； 10.常用倒装句的结构及其用法。 （五）翻译 能够在不借助词典的情况下把一般难度、非专业性题材的英文句子或短文泽成汉语，译文通顺，用词基本正确，无重大语法错误。英译汉的速度应达到每小时250词以上。 （六）写作 能够用英语撰写常见应用文，或能够按照所给提纲、情景或图表，说明或论述一般性的话题。所写短文要求主题明确，条理清楚，语言比较规范。 三、试卷结构 本考试试卷分试卷一和试卷二。试卷一为客观题，包括完成对话、阅读理解、词汇和语法、完形填空4个部分，考试时间为65分钟，满分为70分；试卷二为英译汉和短文写作，考试时间为55分钟，满分为30分。试卷一和试卷二考试时间共计120分钟，总分为100分。试卷各部分内容和结构如下： 第一部分完成对话
成人学位英语考试解题技巧---完形填空 一、概述 完形填空（Part ⅣCloze）是在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文（约200词）中留有20个空白。每个空白为一题，每题有四个选项。要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选出一个最佳答案，使短文的结构和意思恢复完整。填空的选项包括结构词和实义词，有些选项会涉及到一些重要的语法。 二、完形填空解析 完型填空是英语考试的一个组成部分。《考试大纲》指出：“完型填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力”，也即理解篇章和使用词汇和语法的能力。完型填空有如下特点： 1.这项考试首先是测试考生对篇章的理解能力。虽然所给出的文章被抽去了一些词，但是整篇文章的内容仍是可以理解的。如果考生不能理解文章内容，就难以将正确的词填入文中。这也就是完型填空题与以单句形式考核词汇和语法的实体的根本区别。由此可见，考生在作题时必须时刻从上下文考虑，部应该只看到所添的词在短语或句子内是否可行。因此，在作题时最好将全文通读一下，了解了全文的意识以后在作题。 2.这项考试还测试考生使用词汇和语法结构的能力。文章中留出的每一个空格要求填入一个词。考试大纲规定：“填空的词项包括结构词和实义词”。结构词（也称虚词，有代词、冠词、介词、连词、关系词等）主要是表示语法结构关系的，在选用结构词时便需要考虑在语法上是否恰当。对实义词（名词、形容词、数词、动词和副词）的选择既要看其意思用在句中是否得当，也要看它与其他词的搭配关系是否合适。 3.首句一般没有空格，对于首句应该给与足够的重视，因为往往它就是中心句或是引导句，它的时态往往决定了全文的时态，所以多花一点时间看首句是值得的。 4.然后以句子为单位一句一句地读，一句一句地填空，主要考虑语法、句意、逻辑和上下文联系。暂时填不出来的就空在那里。 5.最后通读一遍，完成没有填的空，再看看填的顺不顺，不顺的地方大胆修改。 三、答题技巧 1.拿到题目，首先从语法角度考虑，因为语法考察要占70%以上（其中有与词汇考察相交部分），每一题必然是考某一个语法点，如果你在选择答案时已经知道考的是哪一个语法点，那么90%的可能这道题里做对了；如果你云里雾里，那只有祈祷了。 2.从语法着手不行之后，在从句意着手，透彻理解句子的意思。 3.总是第一反应，因为第一反应往往来自于语感。 4.容易的熟悉的题要一跳而过，难题也不要多花时间，先猜一个答案，（以免后来时间紧，忘记），再在题目前做一个记号，等到检查时，再考虑。也许在做其它题目时，你会得到某种启示。 5.掌握语法结构和规则，记住短语搭配，用熟悉的短语去推断正确的答案。 2012年学位英语-- 完形填空模拟真题 例一： Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that gosintosthe collecting o f those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo.One of the ques tions that is always asked of me is __1__ I became an animal collector in the first _ _2__ .The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos.According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any __3__ was not the convention al“mamma”or“daddy”, __4__ the word“zoo”, which I would __5__ over and over agai n with a shrill __6__ until someone, insgroupsto __7__ me up, would take me to the zo o.When I __8__ a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great __9__ of pets, ra nging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare time __10__ the countryside in search of fresh specimens to __11__ to my collection of pets.__12__ on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student __13__ , to get experience of the large animals, s
成人本科学士学位英语考试语法复习试题精选 文档 TTMS system office room 【TTMS16H-TTMS2A-TTMS8Q8-
成人本科学士学位英语统一考试 句子核心-谓语动词 一谓语动词 一时态 1. Mary ____ in the garden when it began to rain. (QE92-56) A. was walking B. walked C. walking D. had walked 【答案】A it began to rain是一个过去的时间点，因此主句因该用过去进行时。选A。句意为“当开始下雨时，玛丽正在花园散步。” 2. No one can possibly recall any detail about the meeting. It is at least five years since it ___. (QE02-54) A. had taken place B. was taken place C. took place D. was taking place 【答案】：C。It is …time since +从句（谓语动词用过去时），故选C。It is many years since World War Two was over.自从二次大战结束以来已经很多年了。 3. Dr. Robert went to New York, bought some books and ___. (QE99-41) A. visiting his daughter B. to visit his daughter
成人学位英语词汇易混淆的125个词 成人本科学位英语考试，除了《成人学士英语词汇手册》列出的词之外，我们学习词汇时还应注意容易混淆的词。英语中有些词，词形和读音相近，但意义却不同；有些同义词，基本意义相同，但内涵的意义有很大差异。我们必须在广泛阅读的基础上，仔细观察每一个词在不同上下文中的含义和用法，从而学会正确使用它。 1.able, capable, competent able为常用词，指具有做某事所需的力量，技巧，知识与时间等，一般下效率无关，用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如：A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。) capable 指满足一般要求的能力，可以是表现出来的，也可是潜在的，搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定语，表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如：He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。) competent 指“胜任”，“合格”，或受过专业技术等训练的，但不是超群的能力。如：A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。) 2.aboard, abroad, board, broad aboard 在船(或飞机，车)上。如：I never went aboard a ship. abroad 副词，在国外或海外。如：He often goes abroad. board 为动词，上(船，飞机，车)。如：The passengers are boarding the plane now. broad 为形容词，宽广的。如：He has very broad shoulders. 3.accept, receive accept 接受，receive“接到”，“收到”。如：I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. (昨天我收到了一个请柬，但并没有接受邀请。) 4.accident, incident, event accident事故。如：a traffic accident (交通事故) incident“附带事件”，在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件，事变。 event “事件”，指特别重要的事件，通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果，也指国家和社会的事件。 5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attain accomplish表成功，强调完成的结果而不是过程。如：Because of his hard word, things are accomplished. (由于他的努力，事情都已完成了。) complete 表示积极的完成，更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成。如：Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小说写完了吗？) finish 最常用，后接动词的-ing形式，表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段。如：I’ll finish the job alone. (我要独自完成这项工作。) achieve 完成，实现，强调通过努力而达到目的。如：You will achieve success if you work hard. Attain达到，实现，常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如：Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals. 6.accurate, correct, exact, precise accurate准确的，精确的。如：Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。) correct“正确的”，指符合一定的标准或准则，含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong. exact“精确的”，“恰好的”，比“大体上正确”更进一步，表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。 precise强调“精确”，“精密”。 7.accuse, charge, sue
(90 minutes) Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points; 15 minutes) Directions: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1. In no circumstances __________ a lie. A. you should tell B. shouldn't you tell C. you shouldn't tell D. should you tell 2.__________they managed to take from the tombs, there seemed to be no end to the valuable. A. What B. Which C. How much D. However much 3. The ten-page report may __________ one simple point: it ’s impractical to establish a chemical plant in that region with so many difficulties and oppositions. A. get down to B. come down to C. settle down D. take down 4. Don’ t do that again! You not only endangered yourself, but also put your friend __________. A. as a result B. at length C. at risk D. by mistake 5. “ Perhaps you should go home now. ” “ No, I __________ on staying here for a while longer. ” A. persist B. stick C. sit D. insist 6. __________ a major disaster will get us to realize that we can’ t go on destroying the rain forests of the world. A. Anything but B. Nothing but C. But that D. Everything hut 7. Wewent very often to Hyde Park __________ speakers addressed the passing crowds on different subjects. A. which B. where C. that D. for 8. The matter __________ you were arguing about last night had been settled. A. as B. that
一、for many people today 1.in applying for a job 申请工作 https://www.doczj.com/doc/f213027445.html,prehend 领会 3.the difference between success and failure 4. yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are poor readers 5. poor 水平低 6. most of us develop poor reading habits at an early age. 7. get over 克服 8. the main deficiency lies 不足之处 9. take individually 独立主格 10.words have little meaning 11. he laboriously reads one word at a time艰苦地 12. the tendency to look back over what you have just read 13. slows down the speed of reading使…慢下来 14. to overcome these bad habits 克服 15. at a predetermined speed预定 16.faster forces the reader to read fast 17. practically impossible 18. at first comprehension is sacrificed for speed牺牲 19. but when you learn to read ideas and concepts观念，概念 20. many people have found their reading skill drastically improved after some training 二、the past 20 years have seen enormous changes in the lives 1. structure of families结构
成人高等教育学士学位英语 考试复习资料 一、考试题型 本考试包括5个部分：阅读理解、词汇和语法、完形填空、英译汉和写作。客观题目全部按顺序统一编号。考试时间为120分钟。 第一部分阅读理解(ReadingComprehension)，共4篇短文，共20题，占总分的40%。 第二部分词汇和语法(Vocabulary and Structure)，共40题，占总分的20%。 第三部分完形填空(Cloze)，共20题，占总分的10%。 第四部分英译汉(Translation from English into Chinese)，1一2个段落，占总分的15%。 第五部分写作(Writing)，占总分的15%。 阅读理解专项练习 Passage 1 The secret of being born lucky is a summer birthday, with May babies most likely to enjoy a lifetime’s good fortune, according to a study of more than 40,000 people. The time of year at which you are born has an enduring influence on levels of optimism and self-reported luck, according to a research by British and Swedish scientists. May was the luckiest month in which to be born, with 50 percent of those born then considering themselves lucky, while October was the least lucky month, with just 43 percent claiming good fortune. The findings add to growing evidence that the phenomenon of luck is not all down to chance, but is affected by a person’s general disposition. Other researc h has shown that whether people think themselves fortunate depends less on objective success than on having a “glass half-full” or “half-empty” approach to life. “What we are seeing suggests that something is influencing how people perceive their luckiness. My hypothesis is that people create their own luck by traits such as optimism, that luck is a psychological phenomenon rather than a matter of blind chance,” said Professor Richard Wiseman, who led the research. The pattern of the result, with those born in spring and in summer reporting themselves luckier than those born in autumn or winter, could have two potential explanations, Professor Wiseman said. 1.According to the passage, whether people think themselves lucky or not depends on the following factors EXCEPT _______. A. one’s objective success B. one’s general disposition C. one’s attitude to life D. one’s place of birth