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大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习教学教材

大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习教学教材
大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习教学教材

大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习

大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词,如 and、or等,或标点符号如:分号,逗号,破折号等,若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句,以表达一个复杂得多层次含义。这种句式虽然难度不一定很高,但在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的.

Classroom :

1. Now,Shaw is exaggerating,but there is something in what he says,and the question is worth following up,for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge。

要点:本句是由并列连词but,and引导的并列复合句。在第三个分句中it throws on modern knowledge是定语从句,修饰名词light,定语从句的引导词that被省略。“throw light on sth.”的意思是“make sth. clear”。

参考译文:当然萧伯纳是言过其实了,但他所说的也确实有些道理,这一问题值得进一步探讨,因为它会帮助人们看清现代知识的真实情况。

2.It was mostly he who talked and he seemed afraid to stop for fear she’d ask him to leave her by herself.

要点:这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。And前面的句子是强调句,强调的成分是he。for fear(that)=in order that…should not happen意为“生怕,以免”,to leave her by herself=to leave her alone。

参考译文:大部分时间都是他在讲话。他似乎害怕停下来,生怕话一停,她就会请他离开。

Exercise :

1. If you are a man,you can point out that most poets and men of science are male;if you are

a woman,you can retort that so are most criminals.

要点:这是一个句型结构十分对称的并列复合句。“so are most criminals”是倒装结构,most criminals是主语,so是表语,代替male以避免重复。

参考译文:如果你是男人,你会指出,大多数诗人和科学家都是男性的;如果你是妇女,你会反驳说,大多数罪犯也都是男性的。

2. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater.

参考译文:根据政府和私人雇主的性质来看,私人雇主更有可能采取歧视。

3. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.

参考译文:这种化合物通过碳的释放来实现循环,主要依靠喜氧和厌氧细菌以及一些菌类的活动。

4. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t.

参考译文:一场激烈的争论在一个女孩和一位少校中展开了,前者说女人们已经不再“看到老鼠就从椅子上跳起来”了,而后者说她们依然那样。

5. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.

参考译文:他们在尝试寻找是否我们教授孩子们语言的方法中有阻碍孩子们迅速学习语言的东西。

6. Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos.

参考译文:使用计算机来拷贝大脑工作方式的数学家们发现即使使用最先进的电子设备,他们也要建造一台超过10,000公斤的计算机。

7. Since different people like to do so many different things in their spare time, we could make a long list of hobbies, taking in everything from

collecting matchboxes and raising rare fish, to learning about the stars and making model ships.

参考译文:既然不同的人们在他们的业余时间做不同的事情,我们可以列出一长串爱好列表,包括从收集火柴盒到养珍稀鱼类以及学习星学和制造航模等各种消遣。

8. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by its warm breath, so they will wait beside the hole and kill it.

参考译文:他们知道在冰面下面游泳的海豹呼吸的热气会使冰面上出现洞口,于是他们就在洞旁守侯并捕杀海豹。

9. We may be able to decide whether someone is white only by seeing if they have none of the features that would mark them clearly as a member of another race.

参考译文:只要一个人没有属于其他人种的明显的特征,我们就可以判断他是否属于白色人种。

10. Although signs of dishonesty in school , business and government seem much more numerous in years than in the past, could it be that we are getting

better at revealing such dishonesty?

参考译文:尽管在学校,企业和政府中不诚实的欺诈行为近年来比以往都要多,大那也许是因为我们在这些方面加大了揭露的力度。

11. It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence, but of rejecting its implications: that the romances may be taken in any or no particular order, that they have no cumulative effect, and that they are as separate as the works of a modern novelist.

参考译文:并不是与独立理论不一致,而是与其应用不相符合:爱情小说可以以任何一种形式展现或者根本没有特殊的规律,他们没有累积效果,就象现代小说家的作品一样独立。

12. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required “ union card” in the

academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professor’s classroom duties.

参考译文:即使是学术界被长时间认作必须“同盟卡”的博士学位,现在也因为仅仅为了学习本身和知识的累积而学习,却不把知识应用到教授的教学职责中去而受到了严厉的批评。

13. While a selection of necessary details is involved in both, the officer must remain neutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts, while the artist usually begins with a preconceived message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefully selected details of action described in words intended to provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader.

参考译文:尽管收集必要的信息对于两者来说都是需要的,但官员必须以中立和清晰的态度来提供事实的画面,而艺术家从已设字的信息或者态度开始,并将其过用激发读者共鸣和情绪反应的词语描写的动用细节描述出来。

14. Articles in the popular press even criticize the Gross National Production (GNP) because it is not such a complete index of welfare, ignoring, on the one hand, that it was never intended to be, and suggesting, on the other, that with appropriate changes it could be converted into one.

参考译文:流行期刊中甚至有文章批评国民生产总值,因为它并不是一个福利目录,一方面忽视了它从来就没有这种倾向,另一方面的建议是通过正确的改变它才能被转化过来。

15. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psychoneuaral correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.

参考译文:其他的实验揭示神经细胞的大小、数量、排列和连接的细微变化,但就神经关联而言,这些感觉区域的相似性比那些细微的区别更有意义可言。

16. T he Chinese have distributed publications to farmers and other rural residents instructing them in what to watch for their animals so that every household can join in helping to predict earthquakes.

参考译文:中国向农民和其它农村住户发放了宣传刊物,指导他们观察动物,以便每户人家都能参与帮助地震预报。

17. Supporters of the Star Wars defense system hope that this would not only protect

a nation against an actual nuclear attack, but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever happening.

参考译文:星球大战防御系统的支持者们希望它不仅能保护一个遭受核攻击的国家,也希望它能成为使核攻击永不发生的足够威胁。

18. Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers, whose flights are within the Earth’s atmosphere, from hitting their targets.

参考译文:它也不能防止轨道在地球大气层以内的洲际导弹和轰炸机命中目标。

19. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.

参考译文:人民活动家一直认为黑人和拉丁美人难以在生意上立足的原因是因为他们难以取得大公司的大宗定单和分包合同

20. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to its parents, is yet considered emotionally “ priceless”.

参考译文:她认为十九世纪给家庭经济作出贡献的孩子才“有用”的概念慢慢改变了,今天提到那些没有挣取收入的“无用”孩子,甚至还要花销很多,仍然在

情感上被认为是无价的。

21. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800’s, this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicted in part on the assumption that a child’s emotional value made child labor taboo

参考译文:这种关于孩子的观点到19世纪时已在中上阶级中建立,并于19世纪末20世纪初在社会上广泛传播,当时改革者们推行童工规定和义务教育法,部分来源于孩子的情感价值的假设,这都使得使用童工被禁止了。

22. No prudent person dared to act on the assumption that, when the continent was settled, one government could include the whole; and when the vast expense broke up, as seemed inevitable, into a collection of separate nations, only discord, antagonism, and wars could be expected.

参考译文:、没有一个谨慎的人能按如下的假设行事:当陆地确定以后,一个政府并不能包括全部;当这种巨大的开销终于分裂为几个民族时,这看起来是不可避免的,人们就只能等待着争论,敌对和战争了。

23. If they were right in thinking that the next necessity in human progress was to lift the average person upon an intellectual and social level with the most favored, they stood at least three generations nearer than Europe to that goal.

参考译文:如果他们认为人类进步的下一步必需是把普通人的智力水平和社会地位向着最受欢迎的方向提高的看法正确的话,他们至少要比欧洲超前三代接近那个目标。

24. Somehow he knows that if our huckstering civilization did not at every moment violate the eternal fitness of things, the poet’s song would have been given to the world, and the poet would have been cared for by the whole human brotherhood, as any man should be who does the duty that every man owes it.

参考译文:他认识到如果不是我们的“小贬”文明每时每刻地破坏事实内部的和谐的话,诗人的诗歌就该已经奉献给了世界,而诗人也该被全人类关怀着,每个为大家做事的人都该被如此对待。

25. The instinctive sense of the dishonor which money-purchase does to art is so strong that sometimes a man of letters who can pay his way otherwise refuses pay for his work, as Lord Byron did, for a while, from a noble pride, and as Count Tolstoy has tried to do, from a noble conscience.

参考译文:金钱购买给艺术的本能耻辱感如此强烈,以致可有时文人可以获得报酬却拒绝为其作品给予的报酬,Lord Byron有时因为尊贵的自豪而这么做,而Count Tolstoy则出于贵族的良知而尽力这么做。

26。Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government. 参考译文:也许他认为他批评美国的外支政策就会使他从联帮政府那里获得的对人权和的支持受到威胁。

27. Abraham Lincoln, who presided in his stone temple on August 28, 1963 above the children of the slaves he emancipated (解放), may have used just the right words to sum up the general reaction to the Negroes’ massive march on Washington.

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英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法 集团档案编码:[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法;英语长句也就是复杂句,里面可能会有多个从句,从句;那么,有些同学可能会问,究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢;1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干结构;2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语;3、分析从句和短语的功能,例如,是否为主语从句、;4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等;依照上面四个结构分析步骤, 英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法英语长句也就是复杂句,里面可能会有多个从句,从句与从句之间的关系可可能为并列,包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句,首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及清楚从句之间的关系。英语经常出现的复合句包括:名词性从句,它又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;形容词性从句,即定语从句;另外还有一种叫做状语从句。 那么,有些同学可能会问,究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢?有以下几点最为基础的步骤需要考生们记住: 1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干结构; 2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词; 3、分析从句和短语的功能,例如,是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词,短语和从句之间的关系; 4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。

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大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习

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