浙江大学远程教育学院
《英汉翻译》课程作业
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Translation Practice One
I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue.
聪明的人不会娶有才无德的女子为妻。
2.Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.
冬天是研究树木生长的好季节，尽管树叶落了，树枝光了，但树本身却是美丽的。
3.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.
这些发展中国家地大物博，人口众多。
4.Eight o’clock found Franz up and dressed.
八点钟，费兰兹起床穿衣。
5.Sino-British links have multiplied-----political, commercial, educational, cultural, defense, science and technology.
中英两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技方面的联系成倍地增加。
II. Translate the following sentences into English.
1.我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。
We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.
2.中国足球的落后状态必须改变。
The backwardness of the Chinese football must be changed.
3.广告是很赚钱的生意，大部分电台和电视台都是靠广告费收入而生存的。Commercial business is very profitable, and most radio and TV stations depend on the income.
4.来稿有可取的，要帮助他加工，改好，发表。
Manuscripts which are acceptable but in need of improvement should be allowed publ ication after they have been revised and polished by the editors.
5.结婚大办筵席，实在可以免去了。
The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with.
III. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death ”, they must
believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely — a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measures of that life was still to be taken.
History denies this of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playful judge their own lives as failures when they past that year. The idea that life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity virtue.
如果人们想通过“不合时的死亡”这个词表达什么的话，他们肯定相信有些死亡要比另一些死亡来得合时一些。老年时逝去很少被称为是不合时的――长命百岁被认为是完整的生命。但如果是一个年轻人逝去，人们会设想大好年华还在后面，还不能对生命做出评价。历史当然会否认这种观点。在那些英年早逝的人当中，人们会想起玛丽莲·梦露，詹姆斯·迪恩斯。他们的生命看起来既短暂又完整。作家们难以接受诗人济慈26岁即逝去的事实，只能半开玩笑地认为他们自己26岁还一事无成。那种认为中断的生命是不完整的想法是不合逻辑的，因为生命的价值是由他们留给世界的影响及其成就与美德来衡量的。
IV. Translate the following passage into English.
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。为了能迅速走红，经纪人会极力吹捧他们的这种风格。他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也说不上来。尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。若表演者，画家或作家感到厌烦，他们的作品就难以保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加改动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格之外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of exploiting their talent for singin g, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. They develop a style that agents market agressive ly to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur. Most would be hard-pressed to tell you how they even got there. Artists cannot remain idle, though. When the performer , painter or writer becomes bored, their work begins to sh ow a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public. After their enthusiasm has dissolved, the public simply moves on to the ne xt flavor of the month. Artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minu te changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing, run a significant risk of losing the audience’s favor. The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has become famous.
Translation Practice Two
I. Translate the following sentences into English
1.中华文明博大精深、源远流长, 为人类文明进步作出了巨大贡献。
The Chinese civilization, extensive and profound, and with a long history behind it, ha s contributed tremendously to the progress of human civilization.
2.今天邀大家来开座谈会，目的是要和大家交换意见，……
Y ou have been invited to this forum today to exchange ideas on……
3.只有你方把现有订货量增至我们所确定的最低数字，我们才能供货。
We will not be able to dispatch your shipment until your order is large enough to quali fy our minimum requirement in size.
4.采取“一国两制”适合中国的国情，并非权宜之计。
The “one country two systems”has been adopted to suit China’s conditions and is not an espedient.
5.国家要统一，民族要复兴，台湾问题不能无限期地拖延下去。
China will be unified, and the Chinese nation will be rejuvenated. The Taiwan questio n must not be allowed to drag on indefinitely.
II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain.
天气很好，我们爬山去了。
2.As water can float a ship, so can it swallow the ship.
水能载舟，亦能覆舟。
3.Put into an old Chinese proverb, it means that one will never find it difficult to do anything until one has experienced it.
用中国的一句老话来说：事非经过不知难。
4.A notion has taken hold in the United States to the effect that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford them.在美国有一种根深蒂固的观点，说是只有那些抚养得起子女的人才应鼓励其生育。
5.As soon as the cinema is in darkness, spotlights are focused on the curtains which are drawn slowly apart, often to the accompaniment of music to reveal the title of the cinema.
在电影院变成一片漆黑的一刹那间，聚光灯照在徐徐打开的帷幕上，常常在音乐的伴奏下，显露出影片的片名。
III. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
It’s a relief to know that life eventually gave Charlie Chaplin the stability and happiness it had earlier denied him. In Oona O’Neill Chaplin, he found a partner whose stability and affection spanned the 37 years age difference between them, which had seemed so threatening that when the official who was marrying them in 1942 turned to the beautiful girl of 17 who’d given notice of their wedding date, he said, “And where is the young man?”--- Chaplin, then 54, had cautiously waited outside. As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems, she was well prepared for the battle that Chaplin’s life became as many unfounded rumors surrounded them both --- and, later on, she was the center of calm in the quarrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in his own large family of talented children.
令人宽慰的是，生活最终把卓别林先前没能获得的稳定和幸福给了他。他找
到了沃娜·奥尼尔·卓别林这个伴侣。她的坚定和深情跨越了他们之间37岁的年龄差距。他们的年龄差距太大，以致当1942年他们要结婚时，新娘公布了他们的结婚日期后，为他们办理手续的官员问这位漂亮的17岁姑娘：“那位小伙子在哪儿？”——当时已经54岁的卓别林一直小心翼翼地在外面等候着。由于沃娜本人出生在一个被各种麻烦困扰的大家庭，她对卓别林生活中将面临的挑战也做好了充分准备，因为当时关于他俩有许多毫无根据的流言。后来在他们那个有那么多天才孩子的大家庭中，卓别林有时会引发争吵，而她则成了安宁的中心。
IV. Translate the following passage into English.
与俄罗斯相比，在未来是10年中，中国大陆计划对通信设备投入1,000亿美元。从某种意义上说，中国的落后成了一种有利因素，因为这一发展正好发生在新技术比铜线电缆系统更便宜的时候。到1995年底，中国除了拉萨以外的省会都将有数字转换器和高容量的光纤电缆网，这意味着其主要城市正在具备必须的基础设施，成为信息高速公路的主要部分，是人们能够进入系统，获得最先进的服务。
电信工程也是上海实现其成为一流的金融中心这一梦想的关键。为了能给国际投资者提供其所期望的电子数据和无纸化交易方面的出色服务，上海计划建设与曼哈顿同样强大的电信网络。
Compare that with the mainland of China. Over the next decade, it plans to pour some $100 billion into telecommunications equipment. In a way, China's backwardness is a n advantage, because the expansion occurs just as new technologies are becoming che aper than copper wire systems. By the end of 1995, each of China's provincial capitals except for Tibet will have digital switches and high-capacity optical fiber links. This means that major cities are getting the basic infrastructure to become major parts of th e information superhighway, allowing people to log on to the most advanced services available.
Telecommunications is also a key to Shanghai's dream of becoming a top financial ce nter. To offer peak performance in providing the electronic data and paperless trading global investors expect, Shanghai plans telecommunications networks as powerful as t hose in Manhattan.
Translation Practice Three
I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.
从别人的失败中汲取教训比从自己的失败中汲取教训更好。
2.Universities applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.
报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。
3.But another conflict on the borders clearly would put strains on neighborly relations between the two countries.
但是，如果在边界再次发生冲突，|显然会使这两个国家的和睦关系处于紧张状态。
4.It is very easy to bring some books from the bookstores and libraries, but to learn the knowledge in the books and put the knowledge into practice is by no means an easy job.
从书店和图书馆带一些书回来是轻而易举的。然而，从书中学得知识并把这些知识运用到实践中去就决不是那么简单的事情。
5.So it is with the science of biological control in its modern sense. In America it had its obscure beginning a century ago.
现代的生物控制学就是如此。一百年前，这门学科在美国开始创立时也是隐隐约约的。
II. Translate the following sentences into English.
1.我们从来没有看见过这样光明的前途。
Never have we seen so bright a future before us!
2.去年八月那场使七个国家遭受了极大损失的来势凶猛的龙卷风已经引起了全球科学家的高度重视。
The violent tornado that struck in August last year has aroused great attention among t he scientists throughout the world. Seven countries suffered a great loss form the torn ado.
3.旧历新年快来了。这是一年中的第一件大事。除了那些负债过多的人以外，大家都热烈的欢迎这个佳节的到来。
The traditional New Y ear Holiday was fast approaching, the first big event of the year, and everyone, except those who owed heavy debts --- (which traditionally had to be p aid off before the year) --- was enthusiastically looking forward to it.
4.他似乎想不出恰当的字眼来阐明自己的观点。
He seemed to be at a loss for the precise words to elaborate his opinion.
5.也亏了你倒听她的话！我平日里和你说的，全当耳旁风；怎么她说了你倒依，比圣旨还快呢！
So you do whatever she asks, but let whatever I say go in one year and out the other. Y ou jump to obey her instructions faster than if they were an Imperial edict.
III. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discoures;and for ability ,is in the judgement and disposition of business.For expert men can execute,and perhaps judge of particulars,one by one;but the general counsels,and the plots and marshalling of affairs,come best from those that are learned.To spend too much timein studies is sloth;to use them too much for ornament,is affectation;to make judement wholly by their rules,is the humour of a scholor. They perfect nature,and are perfected by experience:for nature abilities are like natural plants,that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forh directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.Crafty men contempt studies,simple men admire them,and wise men use them;for they teach not their own use;but that is a wisdom without them,and above them,won by observation.Read not to contradict and confute;nor to believe and take for granted;nor to find talk and discourse;but to weigh and consider.Some books
are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested;that is,some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read,but not curiously;and some few to be read wholly,and with diligence and attention,Some books also may be read by deputy,and extracts made of them by others;but that would be only in the less important arguments,and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are,like common distilled waters,flashy things.
读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者慕读书，惟明智之士用读书。而书又不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者，又可吞食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时需全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味矣。
IV. Translate the following passage into English.
有两只老虎，一只在笼子里，一只在野地里。在笼子里的老虎三餐无忧，在外面的老虎自由自在。
笼子里的老虎总是羡慕外面老虎的自由，外面的老虎却羡慕笼子里的老虎安逸。一日，一只老虎对另一只老虎说：“咱们换一换。”另一只老虎同意了。
于是笼子里的老虎走进了大自然，野地里的老虎走进了笼子。但不久，两只老虎都死了。一只是饥饿而死，一只是忧郁而死。
许多时候，人们往往对自己的幸福熟视无睹，而觉得别人的幸福很耀眼，却想不到别人的幸福也许对自己不合适。
There were two tigers; one lived in a cage and the other in the wild. The caged one did n't have to worry about his meal while the one outside was unrestrained.
The caged tiger was always envious of the freedom of the one in the wild, while the ot her one envied the caged one for his ease. One day, one tiger said to the other: "let's c hange places". The other one agreeded.
Thereupon the caged one went back to nature while the other came into the cage. But before long both died, one of starvation, and the other, melancholy.
Sometimes one is not conscious of his own happiness and always thinks the grass is al ways greener on the other side of the fence, but not think over that one man's meat is a noter man's poison.
Translation Practice Four
I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.His work is still a long way off perfection.
他的工作远远不够完美。
2.I am never at a loss for a word; Pitt is never at a loss for the word.
我总是能凑合找个词儿说说，可是皮特什么时候都能找到恰如其分的词儿。
3.Winston Churchill, today an idealize hero of history, was in his time variously considered a bombastic blunderer, an unstable politician, an intermittently inspired orator, a reckless self-dramatizer, a voluminous able writer in an old-fashioned vein, and a warmongering drunkard.
温斯顿丘吉尔今天是一个被理想化了的历史英雄，但当时却被看成各种各样的人物：爱唱高调但常犯错误的人，摇摆不定的政客，有几分才气的演说家，轻率的装腔作势者，写有大量著作但文风古老的多产作家，以及贩卖战争的酒徒。
4.Luckily, at this tie he caught a liver complaint, for the cure of which he returned to Europe, and which was the source of great comfort and amusement to his in his native country.
算他运气好，正在那时害了肝病，必须回到欧洲去医治，才算有机会在本国享福。
5.His successes wee so repeated that no wonder the envious and the vanquished spoke sometimes with bitterness regarding them.
他赢钱的次数那么多，无怪乎眼红的人，赌输的人，有时说起这件事便要发牢骚。II. Translate the following sentences into English.
1.从杭州坐旅游车向西南走大约三小时左右可以到达一个叫瑶琳仙境的旅游胜地.
There is a tourist attraction called Y aolin Wonderland which you can reach in about 3 hours by going south west by tourist bus from Hangzhou.
2.我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。
I dare not show off in the presence of an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to e nlighten us on this matter.
3.美国私立学校课程繁多, 以满足学生的不同要求。
Private schools in the U.S. have a wide range of progress that are offered to meet the needs of certain students.
4.我们的教育方针，应该是使受教育者在德育，智育，体育几方面都得到发展，成为有社会注意觉悟、有文化的劳动者。
Our educational policy enable everyone who receives and education to develop morall y, intellectually and physically and become a worker with both socialist consciousness and culture.
5.因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这种隔绝状态，由于通讯工具不足，就变得更加严重了。
The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities ifs compounded by the paucity of the information media.
III. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Love is like an elastic band that must stretch apart before it pulls you back close to one another. It is a coming tide whose waters retreat a little after a single wave, but
the next one is closer to your heart than the one before.
L ove needs words to make it real. Without words, quarrels can’t be resolved and we lose the power to share the meaning of our lives. The important thing is to acknowledge and express our feelings. In this way, we can truly send the spirits of those we love as well as our own soaring upwards.
Love is not a single act, but a lifetime adventure in which we are always learning, discovering, growing. It is neither destroyed by a single failure nor won by a single kiss. It can only be achieved through patience and understanding.
爱就像根松紧带，在它将你们紧紧拉在一起之前，必须先拉开。爱又像涌来的潮水，一浪过后先退却一点，下一个浪才比前一个离你们的心更近。
爱需要言语来实现。没有言语，争吵不能得到解决，这样我们就失去了分享自己生活意义的能力。重要的是承认并表达自己的情感。这样，我们才能真正使我们自己和我们所爱的人兴高采烈。
爱不是一次性的行为，而是一生的探索。我们总是在这种探索中学习、发现和成长。一次失败不能毁灭爱，一次亲吻也不能赢得爱。唯有耐心和理解才能得到爱。
IV. Translate the following passage into English.
新中国建立了民族区域自治制度。在少数民族聚居地区设立自治机关，由当地民族自己管理本民族的内部事务。目前，全国共有159个民族区域自治地方，其中自治区5个，自治州30个，自治县（旗）124个。民族区域自治地方根据《中华人民共和国民族区域自治法》行使各种自治权利，有权依照当地民族的政治、经济和文化的特点，制定自治条例和单行条例；在不违背宪法和法律的原则下，有权采取特殊政策和灵活措施；上级国家机关的决议、决定、命令、指示，如有不适合民族区域自治地方实际情况的，自治机关可以报请批准变通执行或停止执行；自治机关有自主地管理本地方财政、经济、文化、教育事业的自治权利。在民族杂居散居地区，还建立了1500多个民族乡，使杂居散居的少数民族能更好地享受平等的权利。
New China brought about the system of regional autonomy for national minorities. Or gans of self-government were set up in regions where people of national minorities liv e in compact communities,and the internal affairs of the national minorities were hand led by themselves. At present,there are throughout the country 159 national autonomo us areas， including five autonomous regions， 30 autonomous prefectures and 124 a utonomous counties (or banners). National autonomous areas exercise all rights of self -government in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Region al National Autonomy and may work out autonomous rules and specific regulations ac cording to local political, economic and cultural characteristics. Without violating the Constitution and the law, autonomous regions have the right to adopt special policies and flexible measures; autonomous organs can apply for permission to make alteratio ns or desist from implementing resolutions， decisions， orders and instructions mad e by higher-level state organs if they are not in accordance with the situation in autono mous regions. Organs of self-government have the right to handle local financial, eco nomic, cultural and educational affairs. In regions where people of a number of ethnic groups live together or in scattered communities, more than 1,500 national townships were established so as to enable national minorities to enjoy equal rights to the fu llest.
(单选)1：She does not photograph well. A：她不上镜。 B：他不爱照相。 正确答案：A (单选)2：随着人数的增加，他们力量也增加了。 A：As the increse of the number, their power is increased B： Their power increased with their number. 正确答案：B (单选)3：We stand now where two roads diverge. But unlike the roads in Robert Frost＇s familiar poem, they are not equally fair. A：我们站在两条路的岔路口，但是不像罗伯特熟悉的诗里那样，并不是同样的公平 B：我们正处在两条路的分岔口。但是并不像我们所熟悉的罗伯特的诗中所说的，这两条路是同样的好 正确答案：B (单选)4：I don＇t know how far I didn＇t run. A：我不知道跑了多远 B：我不知道还有多远我没有跑。 正确答案：A (单选)5：质量服务月 A：Quality Service Month B：Quantity Service Month 正确答案：A (单选)6：无事不登三宝殿。 A：I wouldn’t come to you if I hadn’t something to ask of you. B：I wouldn’t come to you if I hadn’t something for you. 正确答案：A (单选)7：Little remains to be said. A：简直没有什么可说的了 B：还能说一点。 正确答案：A (单选)8：ginger beer A：姜汁啤酒 B：姜汁汽水 正确答案：A (单选)9：走马观花 A：to appreciate flowers on a running horse
The UN General Assembly, the central political forum, is composed of 193 members, including virtually all the world’s nation-states. Two thirds of its members are developing countries, which account for about three-quarters of the world’s population. Reaching decisions is difficult, especially since all agreements by custom must be reached by consensus（一致）. As a result, important agreements are often held hostage （持有人质）by narrow special interests, and most agreements are reached only by reducing them to their lowest common denominators（共同特性，分母）. But the real question is whether the major countries of the world will allow democracy（民主（政治））to function at the highest level. The Security Council, which is responsible for peace and security, deals with issues of the greatest political importance. The Council has only 15 members so it can meet frequently and deal with crises. Once impotence（无效）due to Cold War rivalries, it has regained much of the authority accorded by the UN charter. 联合国大会是最重要的政治论坛，由193个成员国组成，几乎包括了世界上所有的国家。其中三分之二为发展中国家，这些国家的人口占了全球总人口的四分之三。 大会做出决议并非易事，因为按照惯例所有的协议都必须在成员国之间达成共识。结果，一些重要协议往往因为少数国家的特殊利益而面临被否决的可能，
英文翻译练习（一） The status of Philosophy in Chinese culture has always been regarded as a comparison with that of religion in other cultures. In China, Philosophy is the concerned field by each educated one. Long time ago in China, a person would firstly accept enlightened education in Philosophy if he could be given education. Children should read the Analects, Mencius, The great Learning, The Doctrine of mean once they entered school. The Four Books were regarded as the most important documents after Song(regarded as “new Confucianism”in west).When children began to learn words, the commonly used textbook is Three Words, in which every three words a group, every six words one sentence, and the even sentence rhyme has rhyme, easy to read aloud and easy to remember. In fact, this book is used to learn words for Chinese children. The first sentence of Three Words “Man’s nature is good at birth.” Is the basic idea of philosophy of Mencius.
安乐死（个案研究） 达克斯柯沃特 在一次严重的汽车爆炸事故之后，达克斯柯沃特就一直忍受着身体被强烈灼伤的痛苦。他说：“我承受着如此剧烈的痛苦以至于在事故爆发前的几个月我就已经不想再活下去了”。在此后长达数十年的痛苦治疗中，达克斯反复要求他的医生，亲人，朋友帮助他结束他痛苦的人生。达克斯失去了双目和双手，但是其他的身体器官还是健康的，目前，他正在从事律师的工作。他始终坚信，他安乐死的要求被拒绝是错误的，鉴于此，一个有关本案的包括达克斯本人，他的医生以及他的朋友和家庭成员在内的互动小组正在被建立起来。 戴安娜普瑞特 戴安娜普瑞特患有运动神经元疾病，而且面临着一个她并不想面对的痛苦的死亡。她说，“我想在我的家人的陪伴下，选择一种快速的，没有痛苦的死亡方式”。她向英国法院进行呼吁，不过没有成功，最终，欧盟人权法院允许她的丈夫对她进行安乐死。 杰克科沃基安医生 因为拍摄快要死亡的病人的眼睛，科沃基安医生赢得了“死亡医生”的称号。在他以后的职业生涯中，他开始为病患提供“死亡指导”，当绝症患者意识到他在帮助人们安乐死的时候，越来越多的人们开始来到他这里，尽管有一些失败的诉讼案件，但是科沃基安医生还是帮助了超过130人实施了安乐死。 科沃基安医生认为仅仅帮助他人去死是不够的，他杀死了一个叫托马斯的人，并把他的死亡过程拍摄成了一部六十分钟长的纪录片，最终，他在自己的工作室被铺，并且由于在法庭上他没有成功的对自己的行为进行无罪辩护，他被判处10-25年的有期徒刑，他在2006年成为末期与C型肝炎病患者，并要求被赦免。 以上内容来自BBC网站 案例一：托尼布兰德，1989年 当约克郡Airedale 医院的医生们要求高等法院准许他们撤销安插在
进阶翻译练习1 1. 人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。 2. 许多学生没有意识到考试作弊的后果 3. 随着其他领域改革的进行，中国高等教育也在经历着巨大的变化。 4. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟相关的疾病。 5. 一个人的实际能力才是企业所真正看重的。 6. 我们希望我们的政府采取更强硬的措施来防止传染病，比如艾滋。 7. 尽管经济危机，当局还是应该投放大量的预算去帮助有需要的人。 8. 环境中的化学废弃物会严重危害人们的健康。比如，河流中的化学排放物会疾病，基因变易甚至死亡。 9. 说句公道话，严肃性的课堂教学可以使我们学到很多知识。但用这种方式上课，学生们经常无法积极参与课堂活动。 10. 此外，大家庭也给我们提供了好的机会来培养我们的各种能力和性格。比如：合作，团队精神，独立，平等和关心他人。 11. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。 12. 一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康。正如那句老话：只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。 13. 当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。 14. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。 15. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 16. 考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。 17. 给学生评定成绩的时候，应该把他的出席情况和课堂表现考虑在内。 18. 那些赞成“竞争教育法”的人认为，要想孩子在将来的社会中生存，必须从小就灌输竞争精神。 19. 现在，之所以会有如此多的包装纸是因为我们每天消耗的比过去的家庭要多得多。 20. 我认为我们发明一种新的语言来取代英语是没有必要的. 21. 环境保护是一个如今为人们广为讨论的一个话题。 22. 笔记本电脑流行的主要原因是它操作简单。 23. 没有人能否人这一事实：教育是人生最重要的一方面。 24. 一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。 25. 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。 26. 我们必须承认，那些反对此观点的人们也有一定的道理。 27. 人们往往会和观念与自己相近的人交朋友。 28. 越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。 29. 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。 30. 众所周知，环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。 31. 值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。 32. 例如，一些孩子花很多时间在电视机前，忽视他们的学习，户外活动甚至家庭。父母们
Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i.e. Government by people selected according to merit. But this self-image is a fantasy: America actually stands out as an advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society’s lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle. And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the Western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity. The failure starts early: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care. It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kids to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education. 美国人可能比任何其他国家的人都更相信他们生活在一个精英制度之下，人们推选的政府也是据其优势。然而，这个自我形象是一种幻想：作为先进国家，实际上美国的突出特点是出身至关重要，在这个国度里，来自社会底层的人几乎没有机会爬到社会中层，更不用说社会顶层。 如果你要问为什么实际上美国比其他西方国家都要阶级分明，主要原因就是我们的政府在创造公平机会方面的失败。 这种不公平很早以前就开始了：在美国，由于社会安全网存在漏洞，这就意味着低收入的母亲和他们的孩子完全有可能存在营养不良，得不到足够的医疗服务。孩子到了上学年龄这种情况也不会得到改观，他们所遇到的体制是富人可以送自己的孩子到资金充足的好的公立学校上学，如果愿意，还可以从送到私立学校上学，而穷人孩子接受的教育却非常差。
20春《英汉／汉英翻译》作业1 试卷总分:100 得分:100 一、单选题(共15 道试题,共75 分) 1.It is a wise man that never makes mistakes. A.只有聪明的人才不会范错误 B.再聪明的人也会范错误。 答案:B 2.I＇m not a little afraid of snakes. A.我一点也不怕蛇 B.我非常怕蛇。 答案:B 3.He is a Napoleon of finance. A.他是金融界的拿破仑 B.他是金融界的巨头。 答案:B 4.I don＇t know how far I didn＇t run. A.我不知道跑了多远 B.我不知道还有多远我没有跑。 答案:A 5.中国政府决定，要用3年左右时间使大多数国有企业走出困境。 A.The Chinese government has decided to take about three years to extricate most state-owned enterprises from their difficulties B.Chinese government decides to help most national enterprises going out obstacle with about 3 years. 答案:A 6.You can never be too careful about English-Chinese translation A.作英译汉时，不能太仔细 B.作英译汉时，越仔细越好。 答案:B 7.在这个紧要关头，我们尤其不该为了已经无法挽回的事情相互埋怨。 A.At a critical time we especially should not blame one for what has already happened B.The last thing we should do at this crucial moment is blaming one another for what can not be undone. 答案:B 8.The burning question of my childhood had been richly answered. A.我小时候梦寐以求想得到答案的问题，终于得到了圆满的回答 B.我儿童时代在心中燃烧的问题，终于得到了充分的回答。
SZ170420117 环境一班任云帆 Peter Newmark: The first traces of translation date from 3000 BC, during the Egyptian Old Kingdom, in the area of the First Cataract, Elephantine, where inscriptions i n two languages have been found. 最早的翻译的痕迹来自公元前3000年，那时正是古埃及王朝。在第一瀑布（注：地处埃及和苏丹的边界，亚斯旺南郊）首次发现了用两种语言篆刻的碑文。 It became a significant factor in the West in 300 BC, when the Romans took over wholesale many elements of Greek culture, including the whole religious apparatus. 一个很重要的因素是：公园前300年的西方，罗马人垄断了许多的希腊文化元素，包括整个宗教组织。In the twelfth century, the West came into contact with Islam in Moorish Sp ain. 在二十世纪，西方人开始与西班牙的摩尔穆斯林们建立联系。 The situation favoured the two essential conditions for large-scale translation (Storig, 1963): 这样的情景下推动大规模翻译的两个中重要条件是： a qualitative difference in culture (the West was inferior but scientifically acquisitive and receptive to new ideas) and continuous contact between two languages. 文化中的定性差异（西方人比较落后，但是更加贪求科技并且更易于接受新的思想）和两种语言简的持续交流 When the Moorish supremacy collapsed in Spain, the Toledo school of translato rs translated Arabic versions of Greek scientific and philosophical classics. 当摩尔人在西班牙的霸权瓦解，托莱多翻译学院翻译了很多阿拉伯语版的希腊科学和哲学的经典。Luther’s Bible translation in 1522 laid the foundations of modern German and King James’s Bible (1611) had a seminal influence on English language and literature. 卢瑟在1522年翻译的圣经立足于现代德国和金·詹姆斯在1611年翻译的版本，它对英国的语言和文学有着有着重要的影响。 Significant periods of translation preceded Shakespeare and his contemporaries, French classicism and the Romantic Movements. 莎士比亚时期，法兰西古典时期和浪漫主义运动时期都是翻译界中很重要的时期 全文： 最早的翻译的踪迹公元前3000年，那时正是古埃及王朝。在第一瀑布（注：地处埃及和苏丹的边界，亚斯旺南郊）首次发现了用两种语言篆刻的碑文。一个很重要的因素是：公园前300年的西方，罗马人垄断了许多的希腊文化元素，包括整个宗教组织。在二十世纪，西方人开始与西班牙的摩尔穆斯林们建立联系。这样的情景下，推动大规模翻译的两个中重要条件是：文化中的定性差异（西方人比较落后，但是更加贪求科技并且更易于接受新的思想）和两种语言的持续交流。摩尔人在西班牙的霸权瓦解后，托莱多翻译学院翻译了很多阿拉伯语版的希腊科学和哲学的经典。卢瑟在1522年翻译的圣经立足于现代德国和金·詹姆斯在1611年翻译的版本，它对英国的语言和文学有着有着重要的影响。莎士比亚时期，法兰西古典时期和浪漫主义运动时期都是翻译界中很重要的时期。
邀请名人做广告，只要商品确实是货真价实，名人又愿意，这应该是广告技巧的上策，会产生很强的名人效应。但是商品质量差，广告又言过其实，又请名人做广告，这种广告一时也会产生一些好的影响，但最终是砸了自己的牌子，也塌了名人台，影响名人的信誉，因此名人在接受时要慎之又慎。请名人做广告，付给的报酬高得惊人，而一些名人尤其是政界和科学界的名流往往不肯抛头露面。这样西方国家的一些广告商便在平民中千方百计物色酷似名流的人来做广告，甚至被弄去参加开业典礼或者开张剪裁以招徕生意。局外人往往不明真相而受蒙骗。正因为真假难分，名人替身常遭不测。 To invite those eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best ad strategies and could of course, produce a spectacular VIP effect, provided that those eminent persons are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the commodities to be advertised are genuine and their prices fair. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the ad is full of words lavishing praise on it. If, under such a circumstance, an eminent person comes to help make the ad, the ad could, if anything, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the commodity in question notorious and more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. It is precisely for this reason that the eminent persons are well advised to think more than twice before agreeing to appear on a commercial. Despite the fact that an eminent person could be paid a staggering sum of money after he or she helps make a commercial ad, some eminent persons, those in political and scientific circles in particular, are averse to public exposures. As a result, some advertisers in Western countries have had to try every means possible to scout among the populace at large men or women that are very copies of the eminent persons they are after. Once recruited, an eminent person’s substitute, apart from appearing on an ad, is often made to show up on certain high profile occasions, such as opening ceremonies or ribbon cutting ceremonies, with a view to soliciting customers. Outsiders, unable to distinguish a real eminent person from his substitute, are usually taken in. However, not every hired substitute is lucky. Some of them may become victims of unexpected attacks aimed at the real eminent persons and suffer unfortunately, for them. Work Produced against the grain and in marginality by George Steiner in After Babel: This book was written under somewhat difficult circumstances .I was at the time increasingly marginalized and indeed isolated within the academic community. This is not ,necessarily, a handicap. Tenure in the academy today ,the approval of one’s professional peers, the assistance and laurels in their giving, are not infrequently symptoms of opportunism and mediocre conventionality. A degree of exclusion, of compelled apartness, may be one of the conditions of valid work. In the humanities,in the disciplines of intuitive discourse, committees, colloquia, the conference circuit are the bane. Nothing is more ludicrous than the roll-call of academic colleagues and sponsors set out in grateful footnotes at the bottom of trivia. In poetics ,in philosophy, in hermeneutics, work worth doing will more often than not be produced against the grain and in marginality.
Translation Task 2 I Translate the underlining part into Chinese. The Thanks We Give Editorial of The New York Times It's not the turkey alone we're grateful for. Not the cranberry sauce or the stuffing or even the pumpkin pie. Some of the people seated at the table are strangers --- friends of friends, cousins of in-laws --- and some are almost desperately familiar, faces we live and work with every day. In any other week, today would merely be Thursday and the gathering of all these people--- the cooking and serving and cleaning --- a chore. But today it doesn't feel that way. The host---perhaps it's you--- stands up and asks that we give thanks, and we do, each in our own way. And what we're thankful for is simply this, the food, the shelter, the company and, above all, the sense of for granted the things we almost always take for granted. We try, if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives to what lies behind them. In incompatible with the gratitude- not to mention the abundance --- that Thanksgiving summons. It's tempting to think that one Thanksgiving is pretty much like another, except for differences in the guest list and the recipes. But it isn't true. This is always a feast about where we are now. Thanksgiving reflects the complexion of the year we're in. Some years it feels buoyant, almost jubilant in nature. Other years it seems marked by a conspicuous humility uncommon in the calendar of American emotions. II Correct the inappropriate part in the following sentences. 1. We discovered this long ago but were never able to successfully solve the problem. 2. I hope you will sit down together to carefully study and discuss this question. 3. China is of special importance to the world and is related to the stability and security of the international situation. 4. We must continue to strengthen basic research and increase scientific and technological strength and staying power for future development. 5. In areas that are suitable for the production of grain, a good job must be done in grain production and efforts be made to raise per-unit yield, increase variety, and improve quality.
一、改译 宰客slaughter customers(cheating customers) 自学self learn(study on one’s self) 彩票colorful tickets(lottery) 救火save a fire(Firefighting) (电脑)死机systerm dead(computer crash) 吃食堂eat the canteen(eat in the canteen) 风凉话cold word(sarcastic remark) 太平门safe door(emergency exit) 三角债triangle debts(chain debts) 扣帽子put a hat on(put a label on) 文化程度cultural degree(education level) 抓紧时间grasp time firmly(hurry up) 来信写道the latter writes(the letter reads) 提高英语水平raise the level of one’s English(Improve one’s English) 胸有成竹have a bamboo in one’s stomach(have a well-thought-out plan) 二、直译 大海捞针Look for a needle in the ocean 猫哭耗子假慈悲Cat cry for mouse 嫁鸡随鸡嫁狗随狗Marry a chicken with chicken married dog follows dog 挥金如土Spend money like water 易如反掌As easy as to turn one's hand 打草惊蛇To beat the grass and frighten away the snake 呆若木鸡Dumb as a wooden chicken 千里之行始于足下Every journey begins with the first step 瑞雪兆丰年A timely heavy snow promises a good harvest . 跑得了和尚跑不了庙Run a monk can not run the temple 三、重点翻译 她经常在邻里之间搬弄是非 She always makes mischief between neighbors. 她毛遂自荐来这所学校当老师 She recommending herself to be a teacher in this school. 正真的好朋友应该是雪中送炭 True friend is who provides you timely help. 我要有个三长两短，你给我娘捎个话 If something happens to me, please give my mother a massage. 留得青山在，不愁没柴烧 As long as the green mountains are there, one need not worry about firewood. 你这人真的是狗嘴里吐不出象牙 他对你的许诺不过是个空头支票而已 His promise to you just a blank check. 我喜欢那套房子，但美中不足的是离上班的地方太远 I like that house,but the fly in the ointment is too far away from the work place.
(单选题)1: 有关英语词类的说法中，下列选项中正确的一项是。 A: 动词和名词在英语里是非常活跃的词类 B: 动词和副词在英语里是非常活跃的词类 C: 名词和形容词在英语里是非常活跃的词类 D: 形容词和副词在英语里是非常活跃的词类 正确答案: D (单选题)2: A translator has to know everything 0f something and something 0f everything． A: 一个翻译人员对一些事情要什么都懂，对什么事情又要懂一些。 B: 翻译人员对有些事情要无所不晓，对什么事情又要略知一二。 C: 翻译人员对于知识既要精深，又要渊博。 D: 译者要知之为知之，不知为不知。 正确答案: C (单选题)3: 你什么时候方便就过来玩。 A: Come and play when you are convenient． B: Come here to play if you are convenient． C: Drop in whenever it’s convenient． D: Drop in whenever you have convenience． 正确答案: C (单选题)4: I would draw a further conclusion, which I believe is central to assessing China’s future place in the world economy. A: 我将得出进一步的结论，这个结论我相信在评估中国在未来世界经济中的位置中是中心问题。 B: 我还想得出进一步的结论，我认为这对于估价中国今后在世界经济中的地位是中心问题。C: 我还有一个想法，我认为这对于估价中国今后在世界经济中的地位是至关重要的。 D: 我还有一个想法，这个结论我相信是评估中国的未来在世界经济中的位置是中心问题。正确答案: C (单选题)5: 就科技英语与汉语的表达特点而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是。 A: 汉语词汇含义相对单一并且固定，而英语的词汇含义内涵大，一词多义。 B: 汉语中用被动语态表达的句子不多，而科技英语中被动语态使用广泛。 C: 汉语趋向于用多重复合句子表达，而英语多用单句表达。 D: 科技英语中介词短词及各类非限定动词短语使用频繁。 正确答案: C (单选题)6: 第一次世界大战后，帝国主义对中国加紧侵略，北洋军阀政府对外妥协投降，对内残酷压迫人民，给中国带来了深重的民族危机。 A: After World WarⅠ, the imperialists stepped up their aggression against China while the Northern Warlord Government resorted to compromise and capitulation externally and to ruthless oppression of the people internally, thus landing China in a grave national crisis.
英语精读下1-2-3-6-8-9翻译作业
Unit1 Ⅳ. Translation It is evident that many branches of applied science are practical extensions of purely theoretical or experimental work, thus the study of radioactivity began as a piece of pure research, but its results are now applied in a great number of different ways—in cancer treatment in medicine, the development of fertilizers in agriculture, the study of metal fatigue in engineering, in methods of estimating the ages of objects in anthropology and geology, etc. A.另一方面，应用科学直接涉及将纯科学的有效定律（即理论科学——译注） 应用于生活实践，应用于人对自身环境的控制，从而导致新技术、新工艺、以及新机器设备的发展。像这样一些活动，如研究材料的强度和用途，将纯数学的研究结果扩大用于改进农业或社会科学采用的抽样过程，以及发掘原子能的种种潜力，这些都是应用科学家，即技术专家的工作的事例。显然，许多应用科学实际上都是由纯理论和实验工作发展而来的。例如，对放射性的研究开始时是作为一项纯理论来研究的。但是其成果现在则应用于很多不同方面：在医学中治疗癌，在农业中研制化肥，在工程学中研究金属疲劳，在人类学和地质学中估算研究对象的年龄等等。 B. 1. 超级市场连同消费者都遭到了通货膨胀的沉重打击。 2. 这座金属塔的用途是把电视信号传送到边远的山村。 3. 他14 岁时第一次以钢琴家身份登台表演。 4. 不管凭什么借口，外人都不得入内。 5. 谎言再多也无法掩盖事实。 6. 教学改革以来，我们学校的学科发展得到了进一步加强，整体学科布局得到了进一步优化。学科的整合促进了多学科间的相互影响。我们还建立了一些跨学科组织。在此基础上，我们学校建立和改建了许多科研和技术转让的平台，为多学科和跨学科的发展和研究提供了更有利的条件。 B. 1. Supermarkets along with customers have been hard hit by inflation. 2. This metal tower is used to relay television signals to distant mountainous villages. 3. He made his debut as a pianist at the age of 1 4. 4. Upon no pretext whatever may any outsider gain admission. 5. No amount of lies can conceal (cover up) the facts. 6. Since the educational reform, the discipline development in our university has been further strengthened and overall discipline arrangement optimized. The integration of disciplines has promoted the multi-discipline interaction. Several new cross-disciplinary groups have been set up. On this basis, our university has established and improved a number of scientific platforms for research and technology transfer, thus providing more favorable conditions for multi-disciplinary or cross-disciplinary development and research. Unit2 Ⅳ. Translation (English to Chinese)