【推荐】论我国信息与通信网建设的安全问题-word范文模板
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论我国信息与通信网建设的安全问题
摘要首先对提高我国信息与通信网防御三大自然灾害能力提出
了具体措施，最后就我国现有信息与通信网如何在高科技战争中谋求安全提出了战备措施。关键词信息与通信网防御自然灾害安全一、引言信息与通信技术迅速在多个领域取得了突破性进展，如实现了光纤密集波分复用的超大容量光通信系统，还有即将投入实用的具有多种业务、多种功能的第三代移动通信系统，再就是牵动全世界的、即将使100多年来的电话网发生变革的、在一个网上实现话音、数据和广播电视三网融合的新一代互联网。信息与通信如此神奇的发展，使当今社会生产力从工业化社会大大向信息化社会推进了一步，知识（科技、网络）经济已不可逆转地出现于市场商品经济的大潮中。可是，信息化社会赖以建立的物质基础－－信息与通信网，却在万千世界中处于新生的、比较脆弱的位次，它的成长、它的安全性与可靠性，承受着来自两大方面的损害、攻击与破坏。一是来自信息与通信网设备系统本身的软件与硬件。由于当前工艺（技术）水平所限，它们不可避免地会存在弱点、缺陷、变质、老化、过期以及互串、互拆、过压、过流、击穿和烧毁等现象。为了设备系统的可靠性，为此建有庞大的支撑系统和完善的监视、监测、转换等功能的维护管理系统，还有冷、热备用以及替代体制等，以实现对信息与通信网自动或人为地更换、更新元部件和线缆；更换、更新软件版本；补充和扩展网络。其目的是使信息与通信网设备系统有满意的可靠性。二是由于自然界和人类活动对信息与通信网有意无意的侵犯、攻击与破坏。自然界与人类活动所带来的损害可以分为经常性的与偶然性的两大类。经常性的损害大致有七类，即电化与漏泄电流腐蚀、强电影响、雷电损害、机械损伤、潮气（水气）侵害、啮齿动物损害和昆虫（白蚂蚁、黄蜂）咬伤等。这类损害一般说来是局限性的，破坏面不是很大，不是不可挽救的，但却是经常的和大量的，因此，不在传输网建设时加强防护措施，建成后就得组织技术力量不停地进行维护。近年来，各国在这方面的维护策略大致相同，不过有的侧重于加强设备系统的抵御防落能力，以
2020年英语四级作文范文及模板(4)题目要求： 1.有些人愿意和父母居住在一起 2.有些人想自己独立居住 3.我的看法 参考范文： Some people enjoy living together with their parents after they have grown up. They hold the opinion because, living with parents, they can take better care of their parents and vice versa. Meanwhile, they can turn to their parents for help if they get into trouble or have some difficulties. To them, life in a big family seems to be more enjoyable than that in a small family. Others, however, prefer to live separately. They cherish the idea to be independent of their parents, seek more freedom and wish to have a place of their own, in which they can do what they like. Bedsides, they don't want to be overprotected by their parents but long for chance to face the society by themselves. As to me, I like an independent life style in spite of the fact I love my parents. Different generations have different life styles and values. What one generations likes may not be another generation's fondness. Living separately, each generation can enjoy different value. In addition, by leading an independent life, I can train my character and
大学英语四级作文万能模板 提纲式作文 1．对立观点式 A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？ B．有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？ C．我的看法。 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。 2．批驳观点式 A．一个错误观点。 B．我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。 There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。 3．社会问题（现象）式 A．一个社会问题或者现象。 B．产生的原因 C．对社会和我们生活的影响 D．如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话） E．前景的预测。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。 There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表达）in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..
英语四级作文万能模板及范文（多种版）Argumentation型 1） some, others, I 型 （1）模版一 There is no consensus among the people as to the view of ______ ___ (主题). Some people hold the idea that _______________________ (观点A). A case in point is that _____________________________ (支持观点A的例子). On the other hand, others may have a quite different view. Acco rding to them, ______________ (观点B). The most typical example is that __________ (支持观点B的例子). Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter. Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extent, but the latter is more convinc ing. （2）模版二 ___________ (主题) is a common occurrence in our lives. The att itudes toward this issue vary from person to person. Some people te nd to ______________ when they are asked _________________ (观点A) because _______________________ (支持观点A的原因). The most typical example is that ____________________________ (支持观点A的例子).
英语四级作文模板 讨论观点类 Nowadays more and more ______are commonly and widely used in everyday life, ranging from __________to_____________. The popularity of _______will have a great influence on the one hand, _________. On the other hand, __________. To conclude, ____________are just like a double-edged sword. With them we may ________. However, one point should be kept in mind that we should make sensible use, always being a master instead of slaving of them. 解决办法类 With the rapid growth of national economy, more and more _________, which causes a serious problem of _________. Urgent measures are needed to tackle the above-mentioned problem. On the one hand, _________so that ____________ is at hand. On the other hand, importantly, ____________. All in all, only when______can we solve the problem of _____________so as to meet everyone’s need .Ultimately,_____________. 英语四级作文经典范文 第一篇： 1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。 2. 需要花时间去选择职业。 3. 选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。 Choosing an Occupation One of the most important problems a young person faces is deciding what to do. There are some people, of course, who from the time they are six years old “know” that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters, but the majority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem. Choosing an occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or you may find out that you will need to get actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job. Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most schools, there are teachers who are professionally qualified to give you detailed information about job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions. 第二篇： Advantage and Disadvantages of Being an Only Child My father used to talk to me about his five siblings. He used to say that I was unfortunate that I had none. And I used to envy him and wonder how nice it would be to have a houseful of brothers and sisters. I also used to wonder what would happen to me if I were to lose my parents. Frankly speaking, I do not have to share anything with anybody. I own all my parents' love. I can ask for anything I want. I always wear new clothes and eat the
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！ == 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ == 事情经过范文 篇一：保安与人争吵事情经过 关于王永光当班期间与外来人员争执的事情报告 1月6日上午10时40分左右，一外来女孩从出车口闯入小区，我上前询问找谁，其没有理会我,径直朝前走。我继续追问，她仍旧没有回答，反而加快了脚步向前走，手中还提着鼓鼓的小纸袋，我生疑里面是不是小广告，于是我便追 了过去。她已经走到了3号楼4单元门口，向4号楼走去，我刚到地下车库出 口处，她又从4号楼方向折回，向2号楼方向飞快的走去，我也加快了步子， 跟了过去。很快她就到了2号楼5单元门口，问了刚好从单元里走出来的业主：“能不能从小区穿过去？”业主告诉她过不去。我也到了跟前，我对他说： “这儿过不去，你还是出去吧!”谁知也出品便骂：“你不就是个破保安，管那么多干吗？”刚好一位买饭的业主过来看到事情对女孩说：“你走错了地方就 回去，干吗骂人家保安，保安管的对。”女孩自知理亏，知趣的走了。这时， 从2号楼方向散步的老太太过来对我说：“这那儿来的女孩，父母怎么教育的，嘴巴一点都不干净，谢谢你们保安，为我们小区的安全辛苦了。” 此时，女孩已走到大门口，因为没人进出，便要求王永光为其开门，王永光说：“刚才喊你理都不理，是不是发小广告的，我们这里是不允许发小广告的。” 女孩横气十足的大声叫道：“你管的着吗？”处于礼貌王永光耐心的对其说：“心虚了吧，纸袋里面应当是小广告吧？”女孩气势汹汹的说：“你算什么东西，有资格管我吗?妈了个X。”无端的挨了一顿骂，心里自然不好受，反问：“你怎么骂人？骂我什么就等于骂你自己什么。”女孩听后，上前举手狠狠就打。处于本能， 王永光举起胳膊阻挡，女孩看打不着，伸手便向王永光的脸上抓去，脸上就立 刻就显现了两道抓痕。毕竟是个小女孩儿，王永光只是尽量的躲闪着，打不还手，女孩越打越凶。由于用力过猛，王永闪的快，没打着，反而自己摔到在地上，本能用手撑了一下，结果过长的手指甲被折断了。这时，围了好多业主， 拉着女孩纷纷指责，你怎么这么不讲理，刚才是我们看的是一清二楚，你打我 们保安，保安始终没还手，你还不依不饶。女孩意识到自己理亏，正好有业主 从外面买菜回来，便灰溜溜的走了，业主们便议论起来，称赞保安做的对。 大约10分钟后，女孩又来到门口身后跟着40多岁的妇女，气势凶(来自:WWw. : 事情经过范文 )凶的瞪着王永光，说把女儿打伤了，在门口无理取闹。几分钟
英语专业四级作文模板 【篇一：英语专业四级考试之写作万能模板：开头结尾 篇】 英语专业四级考试之写作万能模板：开头结尾篇 一开头万能公式： 1.开头万能公式一： 名人名言有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的， 包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道 理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？经典句型：a proverb says, “ you are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)it goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言)更多经典句型：as everyone know s, no one can deny that… 2.开头万能公式二： 数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原 则上在议论文当中不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管 那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不 妨试用下面的句型：according to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题 目我们都可以这样编造： honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78% 都是假的。 travel by bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选 的交通工具是自行车。 youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 five-day work week better than six-day work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型：a recent statistics shows that …
一 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Long Holidays. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 长假给大学生带来的好处 2. 长假可能给大学生带来的问题 3. 我应当怎样利用好长假 【文】 Long Holidays Generally speaking, long holidays are good for us college students. On the one hand, we have a lot of time to study by ourselves and thus improve weaknesses and further develop strengths. On the other hand, we can take part-time jobs, which can make us realize responsibility and make ourselves better prepared for social life. But every coin has two sides. Some students fail to make good use of their time and they are addicted to various computer games. I am afraid that they are likely to ruin themselves in this way. As far as I am concerned, I will try to make the best use of my precious time. I will spend most of my holidays studying English for that I am very poor at it. In addition, I will take a
英语四级作文万能模板：对比观点型 (1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1. 有一些人认为。。。 2. 另一些人认为。。。 3. 我的看法。。。 The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . (2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一). For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二). Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法). 英语四级作文万能模板：彻底批判型 With the prosperity of economy in modern society, _______主题has become a problem we have to face.The problem reflected is not rare nowadays,as we always read news that _______新闻出处.Reasons why this kind of _______现象occurs from time to time are various.One of possible causes is _______原因.It is also owing to the fact that . In any causes,however, _______这种事情可能会出现的原因could never be excuse for _______这种事情.Hence citizens/the public should _______采取什么样的措施to prevent _______这种事情的发生from occurring.Additionally,efforts of individuals/one/the public should be supplemented by _______方法,for example, _______举例说明(可有可无) ,which would be of great significance to . 英语四级作文万能模板：说明利弊题型 说明利弊这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测) 1. 说明事物现状 2. 事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)
英语四级作文万能模板和常用句型-段首句、中间句、结尾句 段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更 为糟糕的是……。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？
大学英语四级写作讨论观点类作文模板 (1) 模版1 Different people have different views on_____.Some people think that_____,whereas others aegue that __________. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that ___________.For one thing,I firmly believe that ___________.For another,_____________.Just think of________,who/which_______. Taking all these factors into consideration,we may safely come to the conclusion that______.Only if_______can we _______,just as the saying goes,________________. (2)模版2 In recent years there have been many reports of ________.It turns a new chapter of _________in China,and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years. The biggest benefit,in my eyes,is that_______.In addition,_______.Finally,______________. Apart from the benefits mentioned above,we should also face several unavoidable challenges.In the first place,_____________.In the second place,________.What’s more,_______________.In summary,we should_______________.
英语四级作文模板整理，很详细~ 小编发现，关于作文模板的消息大家非常关注。今天带来的是不同需求下的几类模板，以便大家应对不同的情况和需要，背过立马就能用！为大家的复习在最短的时间里实现最大的提高! 一、用于作文开头的万能模板： 1、Many people insist that... 很多人(坚持)认为…… 这句话乍看没亮点，但将众人皆知的"think"换为"insist"有没有觉得高大上了许多？ 2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that... 随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为…… 这个可是小编当年的"杀手锏"啊，虽谈不上洋气，但正确率百分百啊，还超好记！ 3、A lot of people seem to think that... 很多人似乎认为…… "think"终于闪亮登场，但"seem to"为整个句子增添了点婉转之感，这种客观的方式貌似较受老外（尤其腐国人）喜爱。 二、引出不同观点的万能模板： 1、People's views on... vary from person to person. Some hold that... . However, others believe that.... 人们对……的观点因人而异。有些人认为.....然而其他人却认为…… 看这个长度就已然鹤立鸡群。其实，也是一个蛮简单也好记的模板。
2、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异。 乍一看，跟上句的开头神似，其实就是省略掉了"people's"，不仅清爽而且好像高端了一些。 3、People may have different opinions on... 人们对……可能会有不同的见解。 又是一个婉转的句子，展示其客观性。 4、There are different opinions among people as to... 关于……人们的观点大不相同。 "different"虽拉低了水准，但"as to"又拯救了回来。 5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。 这句话貌似亮点不多，顶多一个"hold"，但也是安全牌，容易理解。 三、得出最终结论的万能模板： 1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that... 把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论…… 很完全的答法，"take sth into consideration"短语的应用，加分。 2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that... 考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论…… "Take into account sth"短语似乎又比上句的"take sth into consideration"提升了一个层次。
大学英语四级作文模板：书信模板 准大学生们是不是开始有一些紧张了，该如何学好英语，成功通过四级考试呢?以下是为大家分享的大学英语四级作文模板：书信模板，供大家参考借鉴，欢迎浏览! 英语六级作文模板：申请信 Your address Month, Date, year Receiver's address Dear ..., I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in .... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising. .../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, .... On the other hand, .... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference. I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience. Best regards for your health and success.
英语四级图画作文通常也是三段式，写作思路为：描述图片、阐明观点与给出建议。第一段，简要描述图画内容，无需扩展。第二段，详细阐述观点。可以先举例再深入探讨原因或影响，还可以结合名人名言等内容进行论证。尾段，全文总结、提出建议。 英语四级考试图画作文：父母在孩子成长过程中所发挥的作用 思路解析： 1、本文首段应简要描述图画，指出有些父母过于包办造成子女缺乏独立。 2、次段写法比较灵活，可以具体分析父母过于包办的原因，也可以进行举例论证。 3、尾段最好提出建议措施，呼吁父母放手给孩子自由，而子女应努力寻求独立。 参考范文1： As is graphically depicted in the cartoon, a young girl is talking with her mother. She says ironically, “Good news mom! I was accepted to the college of your choice!”Then, her mother smiles and seems content with this result. Apparently, the cartoon aims to reveal the fact that a majority of modern parents play an increasingly negative role in their children’s growth. 第一段三句话，描写图中大体现象、细节描写对话内容和人物反应、揭示图画的目的。 There are several possible reasons accountable for this phenomenon(中心句). To begin with, family in growing numbers has only one child; therefore, parents oftentimes focus all their attentions on that child and exert much pressure on him or her(原因一). Moreover, numerous parents intend to realize their unfulfilled dreams by letting their children learn what they failed to learn and apply for the college by which they failed to be accepted, because they have become richer and they believe that they have the power to make what they wanted and want come true now(原因二). For instance, my uncle used to be a poor man and his dream that one day he would become a violinist was broken because of lack of money. But he made a fortune by selling coals, and then forced his son, my younger brother to practice playing violin. My brother was a huge fan of sports, but now he has to play violin everyday unwillingly and ofter quarrels with their parents(举例：原来-然后-结局). To sum up, it is unreasonable for parents to control their children’s life(总结句). In order to help them grow happily and healthily, parents are supposed to communicate with their kids about what they are really interested in(建议一，目的句型). Meanwhile, it is about time that parents let their kids make their own choices(建议二，“是时候”句型). Only in these ways will children grow in a psychologically happy environment and realize their own dreams. 英语四级漫画作文模板：
（1）模版1 With the rapid growth of national economy,more and more_________,which causes a serious problem of_________. Urgent measures are needed to tackle the above-mentioned problem.On the one hand ,_________so that ____________is at hand.On the other hand,_____________.More importantly,____________. All in all,only when______can we solve the problem of _____________so as to meet everyone’s need .Ultimately,_____________. （2）模版2 Nowadays, __________.It has become such a serious problem that it is arousing the concern of the entire society. To put an end to the serious problem, in my mind, it calls for the efforts from all sides. First of all,__________. Moreover,___________. Last but not least,___________. In my point of view, only when all of us join in the efforts of __________ at all levels can we expect to have _________ and ___________. （3）模版3 If the Chinese people even want to improve their life quality, the problem of __________ has to be solved. With more and more people _______, this problem is becoming more and more serious in terms of scale and scope. First of all,_________. What’s more,__________. Only when all the people stop pursuing personal interests at the price of ________ can we hope to put an end to this unfavorable situation. The _________ is of great importance to every member of our society. As long as the government, society and individuals make joint efforts, a sound solution is not far away. would argue that_____________.On the other hand,____________.In conclusion,__________．