（城镇）最低生活保障制度an urban minimum living security subsidy system
（公共就业服务）满意度/主观感受Public’s perceptions of
employment services
（基本公共服务均等化政策目标的）核心The thrust of…
（民间）社会组织Civil society
organizations
“吃饭”财政（财政收入用于发工资）
区别与“公共财政”public finance，财政收入用于提供公共服务）
建设财政（construction finance，财政收入用于建设）the revenues barely meet staff salaries / Financial capacities sketch just far enough to cover payrolls/ “payroll” finance
“大包大揽”的基本公共服务供给the Government was the sole
supplier of basic public
services/monopoly supply
of public services
“非重点”学校“non-key” schools
“劳动者自主择业、市场调节就业、政府促进就业”labourers selecting their jobs on their own, markets regulating employment demand and supply, and the Government promoting employment
“以人为本”的发展观people-based development
approach
“正式工”和“临时工” a “regular worker” and a
“temporary worker”
“重点”学校“key” schools
《残疾人就业条例》Rules on the Employment of
Disabled Persons
《关于全面推进零就业家庭援助工作的通知》Notice on Comprehensively
Promoting Assistance to
Zero-Employment Families 《国家八七扶贫攻坚计划》the 8-7 National Plan for
Priority Poverty Reduction 《国家教育督导报告2005》The National Education
Inspection Report 2005 《国营企业职工待业保险暂行规定》The Temporary Provisions on
Laid-off Insurance for
(State-owned Enterprises)
Employees
《全民所有制工业企业转换经营机制条例》Regulations on
Transforming the Operating
Mechanism of Industrial
Enterprises Owned by the
Whole People
《失业保险条例》Provisions on Laid-off
Insurance for (State-owned
Enterprises) Employees 《医药行业"十一五"发展指导意见》“Guiding Policies for the
Development of the Medicine
Industry in the 11th
Five-Year Plan Period”《职业介绍暂行规定》Interim Rules on the
Employment Service
《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》Decision on “Several Important Issues in Constructing of a Socialist Harmonious Society”
《中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on “Some Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economy”
《中国妇女发展纲要》Outline Programme for
Development of Chinese
Women
《中国统计年鉴》China Statistical Yearbook
《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年（2006-2010年规划纲要）》the Outline of Eleventh Five-Year (2006 2010) Plan of the People’s Republic of China for National Economic and Social Development
《中华人民共和国劳动法》Labour Law of the People’s
Republic of China
…是在…的过程中实现的/在…的背景下发生的… coincide with… / progress has occurred alongside…
2001年-2005年的《中国教育经费统计年鉴》China Education Finance
Statistics 2001-2005
2006年公共就业服务满意度调查 a 2006 survey on the Chinese
public’s perceptions of
employment services
三级……网 A three tiered network
集体公益金collective public welfare
fund
就业是人类发展的一个重要维度，不仅是人们收入的来源，也关系到人的尊严，是社会成员赖以生存、融入社会和实现人生价值的重要途径和基本权利。Employment is key to human development because people derive earnings as well as dignity from fair work opportunities. They open avenues for themselves to become productive members of society.
土地使用权land-use right
必须高度重视merit full attention
考试招生制度the systems of examination
and enrollment
按既定的部署和现行汇率计算according to our plan and
calculated with the current
exchange rate
按收入消费高低次序以10% 人口为一组Successive subsets of 10
percent of the population 按照法律规定支付工资entitled to wages according
to the law
把经济增长视为发展的目标taking economic growth as
the end of development
办学条件the physical conditions of
schools (physical
infrastructure)
保护资源conserve resources
保留率Retention rate
保险长期成本Long-term insurance costs 保险费用Insurance premium
保障后代人的生存和发展assure the development of
future generations
保障基本生存权、发展权uphold subsistence rights
and foster the development
of all members of the
society
保障社会公平正义Guarantee social justice
and fairness
保障水平The level of benefit
coverage
报销reimbursement
比例 share; prevalence
必不可少的先决条件essential prerequisite
必须长期坚持的重要指导思想important guiding
principle to be followed
for a long time to come 毕业生升学率progression rate, rate of
progression for primary
school graduates into
middle schools
边际消费marginal consumption
边疆地区border area
编辑委员会Editorial board
表明shed some light on the
question
病床使用率utilization rate of
hospital beds
剥夺人的可行能力denials of capability
不断扩大的收入差距rapid increases in income
inequality
不同所有制（国有制和集体所有制）state ownership versus
collective
财力Finance /fiscal position 财力基础revenue base
财权（财权和事权统一balance resources and responsibilities）Fiscal
jurisdiction/resources
财政分权fiscal decentralization 财政分灶separates financial
revenues and expenditure 财政和政策支持financial incentives and
policy support
财政可行性financially feasible/
feasibility
财政能力fiscal capacity; finance
capacity
财政收入budget revenue
财政收入丰厚的地方With strong local revenue
bases
财政投入government investment
财政性公共服务支出government spending on
social services
财政性教育和卫生支出绝对额absolute amount of
government spending on
education and health care
财政支出budget spending
财政支农资金的稳定增长机制 a steady fund-increase
mechanism for farmers/a
mechanism for steady
increase of budget spending
on agriculture
财政制度fiscal system
财政转移支付fiscal transfers
财政资源Budgetary resources
财政资源和人力资源Fiscal and human resources 采暖费heating expenses
残疾人People with a disability 残疾调整生命年Disability-adjusted life
years (DALY)
差别费率premium rate
differentials/differentia
ted premium
差距shortfalls; disparities;
gap
产妇护理资源短缺the shortage of maternal
care resources
产假maternity leave
产前检查率prenatal check-up rate
产值Production value
成人识字率adult literacy rate
成为居民街头巷议的主要话题be worsened to the point of
becoming a common source of
discussion and concern
城乡、地区和不同社会群体之间的基本公共服务均等化the equalization of basic public services across regions and social groups
城乡差距widening gaps in
development between urban
and rural areas /
urban-rural disparities
城乡二元的医疗保险制度the dual system of medical
insurance
城乡二元公共服务体制dualistic urban-rural
system of basic public
service
城乡二元体系Dualistic urban-rural
system
城乡居民内部的收入分配差距income inequalities among
different social groups
城乡每千人医疗结构床位数和城乡每千人卫生技术人员数the number of urban and rural hospital beds and medical personnel per 1000 people
城乡人均收入比urban-rural ratio in per
capita income
城乡收入差距Urban-rural income gap
城乡一体的社会保障体系an integrated national
social insurance system
城乡医疗卫生服务和城乡居民健康状况的差距the deep gaps in health
serves and outcomes between
urban and rural areas
城乡医疗卫生体系urban and rural health care
facilities
城乡医院对口支援one-on-one assistance
between urban and rural
hospitals
城乡之间、沿海和内陆之间、不同社会群体之间和性别之间的发展差距development gaps between urban and rural areas, coastal and interior regions, genders and population groups
城镇常住人口Permanent urban population 城镇户口还是农村户口status in the Hukou system 城镇居民最低生活保障制度Minimum Living Standard
Allowance for urban
residents
城镇企业职工养老保险pension insurance for
workers in urban
enterprises
城镇社会救助制度urban social relief system 城镇失业保险制度urban unemployment
insurance
城镇养老保险参保人数the number of urban old-age
insurance participants
城镇医疗服务体制Urban and rural medical
service systems
城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险basic medical insurance
systems for urban workers
and residents
持续快速的经济增长Sustained and rapid
economic growth
充分发挥个人能力的就业having a fulfilling job
充分发挥自身潜力Take full advantage of
their potentials
筹集资金Pool fund
出身Social origin
出生时预期寿命Life expectancy at birth 出生性别比Sex ratio at birth
初中阶段毛入学率the gross enrolment rate in
junior middle schools
处在中等人类发展国家行列的中下游right in the centre of the
middle human development
level range
传染病控制control infectious
diseases
传授技能impart skills
创造了温饱的基本条件to provide adequate
conditions for subsistence 辍学率drop-out rates
次级劳动力市场informal sector
从各个方面改善生活positive changes can be
found in virtually all
aspects of the lives
从执行情况看actual execution of this
mechanism
促进德、智、体全面发展的课外活动Extracurricular
educational, athletic and
social activities to
provide students with
well-rounded development 促进和谐社会建设Promote the construction of
a harmonious society
促进人的全面发展develop one’s human
capacity to the fullest
村卫生室Village clinics
大规模的“开发式扶贫”large-scale
development(-based poverty
reduction) campaign
大规模的人口流动large-scale population
movements; massive
movement of the labor force 大量农民工进入城镇Rural-urban migration
begin to accelerate
大专junior college
代际传递intergenerational
transmission
代际贫困传递the intergenerational
transmission of poverty
代课教师Substitute teachers
带来人类发展的进步Generate improvements in
human development
贷款贴息、税收减免和再就业补贴discount loans, tax
exemptions and
reemployment subsidies
单一的公有制被多种所有制的共同发展所取代the dominance of public
ownership has been
incrementally replaced by
multiple forms of ownership
但是，就象HDI只能评估人类发展的小部分领域而不能评估人类发展的全貌一样，GDI也只能评估性别公平的部分领域。At the same time, it is important to note that the GDI, like the HDI, only covers a small number of important but not comprehensive facets of human development and equitable gender development.
德智体美全面发展are all-round achievers in
moral, intellectual,
physical and aesthetic
education
低保minimum living security
allowance
低成本劳动密集型制造业low wage and
labor-intensive
manufacturing
低可行能力the poor capacity to make a
livelihood
低人类发展水平low-human development
floor
低收入家庭Low-income households
低体重婴儿low-birth-weight infants 地表水（地下水ground water）Surface water
地方财政支出funds from local
governments
地方政府事权和财力（responsibility and available resources of local governments）administrative jurisdictions and
available financial
resources
地级市Prefecture-level cities
街道sub-district
地区间人类发展的总体差距Aggregate disparity
地位弱化Role declines
第三产业Tertiary industry
第三次全国卫生服务调查The Third National Health
Service Survey
第一产业Primary industry
第一要义the first and foremost goal 奠定基础Set the stage for
调整政策导向Reorient its policies
独立、客观、公正的立场independence, objectivity
and impartiality
对……做出了系统总结outline the gist of sth. 对口支援one-on-one assistance
多元付费机制Multiple-contribution
mechanism
多种所有制Multiple forms of ownership 多种所有制经济发展simultaneous development
of multiple forms of
ownership
恶性循环vicious circle
儿童免疫immunization of children 二次世界大战后the post-World War II era 二元结构the dualistic structure
二元经济结构转型transformation of the old
dual structure of the
economy
发布的第一份人类发展报告debut
发出（通知）approve
发达地区和欠发达地区better-off and poorer
regions
发挥个人能力unleash one’s ability
发挥核心作用Be central to
发挥人的首创精神enabling people to take
initiatives
发育不良儿童stunted children
发展的前提prerequisite for
development
发展模式Economic model
法律援助legal aid
反贫困Anti-poverty
反贫困投入anti-poverty efforts
非凡的成就 a remarkable feat
非农业户口（他是……） A registered farmer
非农业人口non-farming population
非正规就业flexibly employed
费率档次tiers of premium rates
费用Expenses/expenditures
分配趋势distributional trends
分税改革制Tax-sharing reforms
丰富的人力资源an enormous pool of human
resources
风险分担机制risk-sharing mechanism
扶贫工作机构specialized agencies for
poverty reduction
妇幼卫生服务health services for women
and children
附表Appendix/schedule
附加险supplementary insurance
复杂的（社会）结构complex structures
赴国外旅游、工作、学习Access to travel, work and
study in the outside world 副作用 a side effect
富国和穷国的生活水平之间的巨大差距large discrepancies in
standards of living between
wealthier and poorer
nations
覆盖面不宽Limited coverage
覆盖面不宽、投入不足、供给不均衡with limited coverage and a
number of gaps
(…inadequate input, and
unbalanced supply)
覆盖全民的基本社会保障制度 a social security system
for all
覆盖全民的基本医疗保障体制the basic health care
system covering all
residents in the country 改革的目标Reform thrusts
改革开放reform and opening up
改革开放之初the beginning years of
reform era
改善民生improvement of people’s
well-being
改善速度、广度和程度the speed, scope and
magnitude of the
improvements
改水改厕improved sanitation；
improvements in sanitation 岗前培训pre-job training
岗位posts
职位Positions
岗位工作能力vocational skills
高附加值High value-added
高寒、缺水地区cold and water-scare areas 高收入群体the highest income groups 高素质劳动力Suitably higher skilled
labor force
高危行业high-risk industry
高学历教师teachers with higher
education;
higher-education
background teachers
高血压hypertension
高职称教师teachers with higher
professional titles
个人承担医疗保健private medical cost
个人交费Individual contribution
个人卫生支出household’s own
expenditures on medical
care
个人选择空间小less space for personal
choice
个人账户Personal account
个人支付比重share of personal payments 各国（数据）country-specific
各级地方政府the spectrum of local
governments
各级学校的入学率School enrolment ratio
各级政府Government at all levels 给……带来压力Squeeze
给经济增长带来负面影响exact heavy economic tolls 根本方法fundamental method
工人下岗/冗员redundancies
工伤work-related injury
工伤保险work-related injury
insurance, workplace
injury insurance
工业反哺农业、城市支持农村industry feeds agriculture
and cities support rural
areas
工业化中期Medium level of
industrialization
公办教师government-paid teachers 公布实施promulgation and
implementation
公共财政体系Public finance system
公共财政投入public fiscal inputs
公共服务Social/public service
公共服务城乡二元结构pre-reform dualistic
structure of public
services
公共服务供给service delivery
公共服务供给体制public service delivery
system
公共服务绝对平均化egalitarian outcomes in
public service
公共服务均等equal availability of
public service/equalize
the public service
公共服务均等化equalization of public
service/ equal access to
public service / equalizing
public service
公共服务体制和制度public service systems and
institutions
公共福利标准public welfare criteria
公共教育经费Public expenditure on
education
公共就业服务public employment service 公共就业服务机构employment service
organizations
公共就业服务资源利用效率不高insufficient use of public
employment resources
公共卫生public health
公共卫生和基本医疗public health and basic
medical care
公共卫生和基本医疗体系远远满足不了实际需求How the demand for medical care vastly exceed the supply
公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies 公共性服务social services
公共需求Public needs and
expectations
公共需求变化the Chinese people’s
rising expectations
公平发展equitable development
公用经费budgetary fund for public
use
公有制Public ownership
共同负担经费Share the provision of
funds
共有援助险mutual aid insurance
构成了本报告的研究基础These research results have
served as a starting point
for preparing this report. 购买力purchasing power
购买力平价PPP (purchasing power
parity)
骨骼氟中毒skeletal fluorosis
固定资产fixed asset
固有特性Intrinsic merit
关键指标key metric
管理体制Administration system
贯彻落实科学发展观to practice the scientific
development concept
广泛broad-based
广泛关注的问题Hot topics
广泛增长broad-based growth
规定under it/ stipulate
规划纲要Outline
国家教育督导报告National Inspection Report
on Education
国家师资标准National qualification
standard
国家统计局national bureau of
statistics
国家卫生服务调查National Health Service
Survey
国内国际两个大局the overall international
and domestic situation
国统一的制度安排Arrangements for the entire
nation
国有企业state-owned enterprises
国有企业改革减员增效state-owned enterprises
began reducing their work
forces
国有企业重组改制和关闭破产过程还会有工人下岗with further reforms producing more redundancies
过度用药/开大药方over-prescription
过上充实的生活Live full lives
含有……专章featuring a special chapter 合理配置劳动资源rationalize the allocation
of labor resources
和谐社会harmonious society
很多（建议）被报告采纳many of which have been
incorporated in the final
version
衡量gauge
衡量人类生活的三个基本方面ｍeasure the following
three basic dimensions of
human life
宏观经济调控macroeconomic instruments 宏伟目标 A grand goal
户籍制household registration
system, houkou system
户口registration status
划分中央和地方的财权demarcate the financial
jurisdictions of the
central and local
governments/ demarcate
sources of central and
local revenue
环境恶化Environmental degradation/
worsening environmental
conditions
环境欠账stresses on the natural
environment
环境容量environmental capacity
缓解…..的影响off set the impact of
缓解失业压力Ease the pain of
unemployment
缓解影响Offset the impacts
回报率return
回归方法regression method
机会不平等inequality of opportunity 机会公平equality of opportunity
机制障碍mechanism-related
barrier/institutional
barrier
基本而有保障的公共服务guaranteed a decent level
of public service
基本公共服务basic public services
基本公共服务的供给现状the present state of basic
public services
基本公共服务的政策和投入向农村倾斜To intensify public service
provisioning in rural areas 基本公共服务供给不均等inequitable provision of
basic public service
基本公共服务供给水平the adequacy of the
provision of these basic
public services
基本公共服务供给体制system of basic public
service delivery
基本公共服务均等化equalization of/equalize
basic public
services/basic public
services equalization
(equal access to basic
public services，to
rebalance urban and rural
service provision)
基本公共服务制度建设滞后的问题 a number of underlying
structural problems in the
overall public service
system and institutions
说明：
本词汇表摘自联合国开发计划署委托中国改革发展研究院编写的《人类发展报告》中国部分（2007-2008）。报告原文为中文。尽管英译文经过反复修改，但仍有不妥之处，尤其是一些表达方法比较啰嗦。请大家批判地看待。
本词汇表由北京外国语大学高级翻译学院2008级同学分头搜集，六个班的班长（赵蕴结、王丹、李敏琦、王英策、陆君、郭夏）分别统合、整理、精简，我最后合并、修订和精简。在此向参与项目的各位同学表示感谢。
联合国海洋法公约中英 文 Document serial number【KKGB-LBS98YT-BS8CB-BSUT-BST108】
【标题】１９８２年联合国海洋法公约(附英文)【分类】国际海事 【时效性】有效 【颁布时间】 【实施时间】 【发布部门】蒙特哥湾 目录 第Ⅰ部分用语和范围 第Ⅱ部分领海和毗连区 第１节一般规定 第２节领海的界限 第３节领海的无害通过 第４节毗连区 第Ⅲ部分用于国际航行的海峡 第１节一般规定
第２节过境通行 第３节无害通过 第Ⅳ部分群岛国 第Ⅴ部分专属经济区 第Ⅵ部分大陆架 第Ⅶ部分公海 第１节一般规定 第２节公海生物资源的养护和管理 第Ⅷ部分岛屿制度 第Ⅸ部分闭海或半闭海 第Ⅹ部分内陆国出入海洋的权利和过境自由第Ⅺ部分“区域” 第１节一般规定 第２节支配“区域”的原则 第３节“区域”内资源的开发 第４节管理局
第５节争端的解决和咨询意见 第Ⅻ部分海洋环境的保护和保全 第１节一般规定 第２节全球性和区域性合作 第３节技术援助 第４节监测和环境评价 第５节防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的国际规则和国内立法第６节执行 第７节保障办法 第８节冰封区域 第９节责任 第１０节主权豁免 第１１节关于保护和保全海洋环境的其他公约所规定的义务第ＸＩＩＩ部分海洋科学研究 第１节一般规定 第２节国际合作
第３节海洋科学研究的进行和促进 第４节海洋环境中科学研究设施或装备第５节责任 第６节争端的解决和临时措施 第ＸＩＶ部分海洋技术的发展和转让 第１节一般规定 第２节国际合作 第３节国家和区域性海洋科学和技术中心第４节国际组织间的合作 第ＸＶ部分争端的解决 第１节一般规定 第２节导致有拘束力裁判的强制程序 第３节适用第２节的限制和例外 第ＸＶＩ部分一般规定 第ＸＶＩＩ部分最后条款 附件Ⅰ高度回游鱼类（略）
法律法规中英文名称对照 中华人民共和国宪法修正案AMENDMENT FOURTH TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S R EPUBLIC OF CHINA) 中国银行业监督管理委员会关于中国银行、中国建设银行公司治理改革与监管指引(Guidelines on Corpora te Governance Reforms And Supervision of Bank of China and Construction Bank of China) 外国保险机构驻华代表机构管理办法(Rules on Administration of Representative Offices of Foreign Insu rance Institutions ) 商业银行资本充足率管理办法(Regulation Governing Capital Adequacy of Commercial Banks) 金融机构衍生产品交易业务管理暂行办法(Provisional Administrative Rules Governing Derivatives Activiti es of Financial Institutions) 中华人民共和国银行业监督管理法(Law of the People’s Republic of China on Banking Regulation and Supervision) 境外金融机构投资入股中资金融机构管理办法(Administrative Rules Governing the Equity Investment in Chinese Financial Institutions by Overseas Financial Institutions ) 汽车金融公司管理办法实施细则(Implementing Rules for the Administrative Rules Governing the Auto Financing Company) 汽车金融公司管理办法(Administrative Rules Governing the Auto Financing Company ) 新化学物质环境管理办法(Provisions on the Environmental Administration of New Chemical substanc es ) 人民币银行结算账户管理办法(Administrative Rules for RMB Bank Settlement Accounts) 中国人民银行假币收缴、鉴定管理办法(Administrative Rules of the People’s Bank of China for the Sei zure and Verification of Counterfeit Currency) 中华人民共和国中外合作办学条例(Re gulations of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Cooperation in Running Schools ) 上海市营业性危险货物道路运输管理办法(Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Administration of Road Transportation of Dangerous Goods of a Business Nature) 人民币大额和可疑支付交易报告管理办法(Administrative Rules for the Reporting of Large-value and Su spicious RMB Payment Transactions) 上海市新建住宅配套建设与交付使用管理办法(Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on The Administrati on of All Necessary Accessory Constructions of Newly Built Residences and Making Newly Built Reside nces Available to Users ) 上海市公共信息图形标志标准化管理办法(Procedures of Shanghai Municipality on the Administration o
【词汇】常用政治与行政术语英文翻译 ——————摘自知米背单词官方论坛 专八专四中常常会有一些政治类的文章，有些词汇分开认识，放在一起就傻眼了，那么我们来看看这些词汇吧。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 大家仅供参考：马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent’s”important Thought 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside 中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second/third)generation 人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorship 国民经济体系national economic system 综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP) 独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China 加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality “三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。“Three Represent’s”shows that our Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China, they are the foundation for building the Party, the cornerstone for its exercise of state power and a source of its strengthen，only by doing so can we really ensure that our Party always stand in the forefront of the time and maintain
国际民用航空公约 (1944年12月7日芝加哥) 序言 鉴于国际民用航空的未来发展对建立和保持世界各国之间和人民之间的友谊和了解大有帮助，而其滥用足以威胁普遍安全； 又鉴于有需要避免各国之间和人民之间的磨擦并促进其合作，世界和平有赖于此； 因此，下列各签署国政府议定了若干原则和办法，使国际民用航空得按照安全和有秩序的方式发展，并使国际航空运输业务得建立在机会均等的基础上，健康地和经济地经营；为此目的缔结本公约。 第一部分空中航行 第一章公约的一般原则和适用 第一条主权 缔约各国承认每一国家对其领土之上的空气空间享有完全的和排他的主权。第二条领土 本公约所指一国的领土，应认为是在该国主权、宗主权、保护或委任统治下的陆地区域及与其邻接的领水。 第三条民用航空器和国家航空器 一、本公约仅适用于民用航空器，不适用于国家航空器。 二、用于军事、海关和警察部门的航空器，应认为是国家航空器。 三、一缔约国的国家航空器，未经特别协定或其他方式的许可并遵照其中的规定，不得在另一缔约国领土上空飞行或在此领土上降落。
四、缔约各国承允在发布关于其国家航空器的规章时，对民用航空器的航行安全予以应有的注意。 第三条分条 注: 一九八四年五月十日，大会决定修正芝加哥公约，增加第三条分条。该条尚未生效。 一、缔约各国承认，每一国家必须避免对飞行中的民用航空器使用武器，如拦截，必须不危及航空器内人员的生命和航空器的安全。此一规定不应被解释为在任何方面修改了联合国宪章所规定的各国的权利和义务。 二、缔约各国承认，每一国家在行使其主权时，对未经允许而飞越其领土的民用航空器，或者有合理的根据认为该航空器被用于与本公约宗旨不相符的目的，有权要求该航空器在指定的机场降落；该国也可以给该航空器任何其他指令，以终止此类侵犯。为此目的，缔约各国可采取符合国际法的有关规则，包括本公约的有关规定，特别是本条第一款规定的任何适当手段。每一缔约国同意公布其关于拦截民用航空器的现行规定。 三、任何民用航空器必须遵守根据本条第二款发出的命令。为此目的，每一缔约国应在本国法律或规章中作出一切必要的规定，以便在该国登记的、或者在该国有主营业所或永久居所的经营人所使用的任何航空器必须遵守上述命令。每一缔约国应使任何违反此类现行法律或规章的行为受到严厉惩罚，并根据本国法律将这一案件提交其主管当局。 四、每一缔约国应采取适当措施，禁止将在该国登记的、或者在该国有主营业所或永久居所的经营人所使用的任何民用航空器肆意用于与本公约宗旨不相符的目的。这一规定不应影响本条第一款或者与本条第二款和第三款相抵触。
马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent’s” important Thought 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside 中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation 人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorship 国民经济体系national economic system 综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP) 独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China 加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and
常用机构英文缩写 UN the United Nations 联合国 UNSG United Nations Secretary General联合国秘书长 CUN The Charter of the United Nations联合国宪章 UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 联合国艾滋病规划署 UNDP United nations Development programme 联合国开发计划署 UNEP United Nations Environment Programme联合国环境署 UNSC United Nations Security Council 联合国安全理事会 UNCF United Nations Children's Fund 联合国儿童基金会 UNCATD United nations conference on trade and development联合国贸易和发展大会CSD Commission on Sustainable Development 联合国可持续发展委员会 UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development 联合国环境与发展大会 UNESCO Unitde Nations Education ,Scientific and Culutral Organization 联合国教科文组织FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 联合国粮农组织UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization联合国工业发展组织UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities联合国人口活动基金 WFUNA World Federation of United Nations Associations 联合国协会世界联合会UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe联合国欧洲经济委员会UNOG United Nations Office in Geneva联合国日内瓦办事处 UNSF United Nations Special Fund联合国特别基金 UNCDF United Nations Capital Development Fund联合国资本开发基金会UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade Law 联合国国际贸易法委员会 UNSF United Nations Security Force 联合国和平军队 WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 WMO World Meteorological Organization 世界气象组织 WEO World Environmental Organization世界环境组织 WEO World Energy Outlook：世界能源展望 WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织 WTO World Toilet Organisation世界厕所组织 WTO World Telecommunications Organization世界电信组织 WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组织 WPC World Peace Council 世界和平理事会 WAIPA World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies世界投资促进机构协会WCED World Commission on Environment and Development世界环境与发展委员会WCO World Customs Organization世界海关组织 WEF World Education Fellowship：世界教育联谊会 WB World Bank世界银行 ACWW Associated Country Women of the World世界农村妇女协会 ITC International Trade Center世界贸易中心 IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织 ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross 国际红十字会 ISO International Standards Organization 国际标准化组织
采购合同 (Purchasing Contract) 合同编号(Contract NO.)： 合同签订地点(Signed At)：东营 签订时间(Date)：年月日出卖人(Seller)： 买受人(Buyer)： 鉴于：根据【中华人民共和国合同法】及相关法律法规，本着平等自愿、等价有偿、诚实诚信的原则，经双方协商一致，订立本合同。 According to the Contract law of the People's Republic of China and relevant laws and regulations,we conclude the contract on the basis of equality, voluntariness,compensation of equal value and sincerity. 第一条标的、数量、价款及交（提）货时间 Item 1 (object)Quantity Price and Delivery time 物资编码名称及规格型号Commodity code and type 生产厂家 Manufacture r 计量单位 Unit 数量 Quantity 单价（元） Unit Price 总金额（元） Total Amount 备注 Note 不含税总金额（人民币） Total Amount (V AT excluded) 交提货时间、数量：年月日至年月日全部交货。 Delivery time: From to 第二条质量标准：标准代号、编号和标准名称：GB150-98. Item 2 Quality standard: standard code,serial number and standard name:GB150-98. 第三条出卖人对质量负责的条件及期限 Item 3 Conditions and time limits that Sellers shall be held responsibility for 1. 质量负责条件和期限按正常运行12个月止执行。 1. Quality responsible conditions and time limits shall not be valid until the product has been functioning properly for 12 months 2. 出卖人对标的物的质量负责，产品均附质检报告单，质量保证书。如果出卖人知道或 者应当知道所处卖产品存在质量缺陷，所承担的质量保证期限不受前款质量负责期限的约束，应依法承担相应责任。 2. Sellers shall be responsible for the quality of the marks.The products should include the Quality Inspection Report and Quality Guarantee.If the sellers know or should know the products they sell with defects in quality,the quality assurance time limits should not be subject to the previous quality responsibility deadline and they should be held due responsibility for it. 第四条包装标准：标准包装，产品所需包装由出卖人合理包装，适合水运和长途内陆运输，防潮，防湿，防锈，防震。 Item 4 Packaging standard: Standard packaging, the sellers should package the products properly, it should be suitable for shipment and long distance inland transportation. The packaging of the products should be resistant of dampness, moisture, rust and shock. 第五条随机的必备品、配件、技术资料、工具数量及供应方法：随设备交货一起交齐。 Item 5 The accompanied necessary materia l, accessories, technical information ,quantity of
The United Nations: The Promise of Peace An Introduction to the Lecture and to Note-Taking A. Pre-listening Activities PREVIEW OF CONTENT Many people already know what the United Nations Organization is and where it is located, but how many know when and why it was first planned? In this lecture the answers to these questions are explored, and some recent statistics about its operating budget are given. PREVIEW OF VOCABULARY Before you listen to the lecture on the United Nations, it will be helpful to preview some of the vocabulary and sentences that are used in the lecture. You will first be given several vocabulary items in isolation. Below each group of items are sentence definitions for each. You are to fill in the blanks with the appropriate vocabulary items from the list. Use your dictionary if necessary to select the correct item for each sentence definition/ After you have worked through the Preview of Vocabulary, you will be given the Preview of Sentences. The highlighted vocabulary words are presented in the same context in which they are used in the lecture. Pledge headquarters charter 1. The main office of an organization is its 2. To promise sincerely is to 3. The constitution of the United Nations Organization is known as its lend philanthropist nuclear weapons budget 4. To give money on the condition that it be repaid at a later date is to money. 5. A is a very rich person who gives money for good causes, such as education and medical research. 6. A is a list of income and expenses for a certain period of time. 7. Instruments of war that use atomic energy are known as . PREVIEW OF SENTENCES Here are some of the sentences you will encounter in the lecture. 1. The United Nations headquarters is in the United States, in New York City. 2.In 1944 twenty-six countries pledged to continue to fight against Germany and Italy in World WarⅡ. 3. The charter of the U.N. was formally signed by fifty countries in October of 1945 in San Francis co, California. 4. In 1950 John D. Rockefeller, Jr., the well-known oil millionaire and philanthropist, gave the Unit ed Nations Organization a section of land in New York City. 5. The United States government lent the U.N. $65 million to construct a building to house the int ernational organization. 6. The United Nations budget now totals more than $450 million per year. 7. It is so vital, so really necessary, that countries settle disputes or disagreements in this day of w orld-wide nuclear weapons.
联合国宪章 【题注】(1945年6月26日订于旧金山)本宪章于1945年10月24日生效。中国系联合国原始成员国，分别于1945年6月26日和1945年9月28日签署和批准宪章。 【章名】全文 我联合国人民同兹决心 欲免后世再遭今代人类两度身历惨不堪言之战祸， 重申基本人权，人格尊严与价值，以及男女与大小各国平等权利之信念， 创造适当环境，俾克维持正义，尊重由条约与国际法其他渊源而起之义务，久而弗懈， 促成大自由中之社会进步及较善之民生，并为达此目的 力行容恕，彼此以善邻之道，和睦相处， 集中力量，以维持国际和平及安全， 接受原则，确立力法，以保证非为公共利益，不得使用武力， 运用国际机构，以促成全球人民经济及社会之进展，用是发愤立志，务当同心协力，以竟厥功。 爰由我各本国政府，经齐集金山市之代表各将所奉全权证书，互相校阅，均属妥善，议定本联合国宪章，并设立国际组织，定名联合国。 【章名】第一章宗旨及原则 第一条 联合国之宗旨为： 一、维持国际和平及安全;并为此目的：采取有效集体办法、以防止且消除对于和平之威胁，制止侵略行为或其他和平之破坏;并以和平方法且依正义及国际法之原则，调整或解决足以破坏和平之国际争端或情势。 二、发展国际间以尊重人民平等权利及自决原则为根据之友好关系，并采取其他适当办法，以增强普遍和平。 三、促成国际合作，以解决国际间属于经济、社会、文化、及人类福利性质之国际问题，且不分种族、性别、语言、或宗教、增进并激励对于全体人类之人权及基本自由之尊重。 四、构成一协调各国行动之中心，以达成上述共同目的。 第二条 为求实现第一条所述各宗旨起见，本组织及其会员国应遵行下列原则： 一、本组织系基于各会员国主权平等之原则。 二、各会员国应一秉善意，履行其依本宪章所担负之义务，以保证全体会员国由加入本组织而发生之权益。 三、各会员国应以和平方法解决其国际争端，俾免危及国际和平、安全、及正义。
“一带一路”规划（双语全文） Action plan on the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative 国家发展改革委、外交部、商务部28日联合发布了《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》。全文如下： The following is the full text of an action plan on the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, with State Council authorization, on Saturday. 国家发展改革委外交部商务部（经国务院授权发布） 2015年3月 推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动 Vision and proposed actions outlined on jointly building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road 前言 Preface 2000多年前，亚欧大陆上勤劳勇敢的人民，探索出多条连接亚欧非几大文明的贸易和人文交流通路，后人将其统称为“丝绸之路”。千百年来，“和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢”的丝绸之路精神薪火相传，推进了人类文明进步，是促进沿线各国繁荣发展的重要纽带，是东西方交流合作的象征，是世界各国共有的历史文化遗产。 More than two millennia ago the diligent and courageous people of Eurasia explored and opened up several routes of trade and cultural exchanges that linked the major civilizations of Asia, Europe and Africa, collectively called the Silk Road by later generations. For thousands of years, the Silk Road Spirit - "peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit" - has been passed from generation to generation, promoted the progress of human civilization, and contributed greatly to the prosperity and development of the countries along the Silk Road. Symbolizing communication and cooperation between the East and the West, the Silk Road Spirit is a historic and cultural heritage shared by all countries around the world. 进入21世纪，在以和平、发展、合作、共赢为主题的新时代，面对复苏乏力的全球经济形势，纷繁复杂的国际和地区局面，传承和弘扬丝绸之路精神更显重要和珍贵。 In the 21st century, a new era marked by the theme of peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit, it is all the more important for us to carry on the Silk Road Spirit in face of the weak recovery of the global economy, and complex international and regional situations. 2013年9月和10月，中国国家主席习近平在出访中亚和东南亚国家期间，先后提出共建“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”（以下简称“一带一路”）的重大倡议，得到国际社会高度关注。中国国务院总理李克强参加2013年中国－东盟博览会时强调，铺就面向东盟的海上丝绸之路，打造带动腹地发展的战略支点。加快“一带一路”建设，有利于促进沿线各国经济繁荣与区域经济合作，加强不同文明交流互鉴，促进世界和平发展，是一项造福世界各国人民的伟大事业。 When Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Central Asia and Southeast Asia in September and October of 2013, he raised the initiative of jointly building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (hereinafter referred to as the Belt and Road), which have attracted close attention
INTERNATIONAL CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION OF MONUMENTS AND SITES 威尼斯宪章 ?[Preamble] ?Definitions ?Aim ?Conservation ?Restoration ?Historic Sites ?Excavations ?Publication [Preamble] 前言 Imbued with a message from the past, the historic monuments of generations of people remain to the present day as living witnesses of their age-old traditions. People are becoming more and more conscious of the unity of human values and regard ancient monuments as a common heritage. The common responsibility to safeguard them for future generations is recognized. It is our duty to hand them on in the full richness of their authenticity. 世世代代人民的历史文物建筑,饱含着从过去的年月传下来的信息,是人民千百年传统的活的见证.人民越未越认识到人类各种价值的统一性,从而把古代的纪念物看作共同的遗产.大家承认,为子孙后代而妥善地保护它们是我们共同的责任.我们必须一点不走样地把它们的全部信息传下去。 It is essential that the principles guiding the preservation and restoration of ancient buildings should be agreed and be laid down on an international basis, with each country being responsible for applying the plan within the framework of its own culture and traditions. 绝对有必要为完全保护和修复古建筑建立国际公认的原则,每个国家有义务根据自己的文化和传统运用这些原则。 By defining these basic principles for the first time, the Athens Charter of 1931 contributed towards the development of an extensive international movement which has assumed concrete form in national documents, in the work of ICOM and UNESCO and in the establishment by the latter of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property. Increasing awareness and critical study have been brought to bear on problems which have continually become more complex and varied; now the time has come to examine the Charter afresh in order to make a thorough study of the principles involved and to enlarge its scope in a new document. 1931 年的雅典宪章,第一次规定了这些基本原则,促进了广泛的国际运动的发展.这个运动落实在各国的文件里,落实在从事文物建筑工作的建筑师和技术人员国际议会(ICOM)的工作里,落实在联合国教科文组织的工作以及它的建立文物的完全保护和修复的国际研究中心(ICCROM)里.人们越来越注意到,问题已经变得很复杂,很多样,而且正在继续不断地变得更复杂,更多样;人们已经对问题作了深入的研究.于是,有必要重新检查宪章,彻底研究一下它所包含的原则,并且在一份新的文件里扩大它的范围。 Accordingly, the IInd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, which met in Venice from May 25th to 31st 1964, approved the following text: 为此,从事历史文物建筑工作的建筑师和技术人员国际会议第二次会议,于196 4 年 5 月 25 日至31 日在威尼斯开会,通过了以下的决定: