谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1. 英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，
wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked．（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come
out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel
等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1. 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义
相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而
worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词
或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关
系。)试比较：
I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4. 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词
不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.
5. 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重
点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁lost time不明确。）
7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语
的影响,下列动词rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。
1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under
treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。
The building is under construction( is being constructed).
2. “beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令
人难以置信)，beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control（无法控制），beyond our hope．我们的成功始料不及。
The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．
3. “above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。
His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised
enough．
4. “for+名词”结构，表示“适于……、为着……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent
（出租）等。
That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).
5. “in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in
sight(在视野范围内)，等。
The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)
晚练21高一英语牛津版模块四Unit 1 Advertising 单元练习一．单项选择：
1 It is a pity that quite a lot of customers __ the advertisements and buy a lot of goods they don’t really need.
A fall for
B have fallen for
C fell into
D have fallen into
2 I don’t think the man is ____ for the job, for he is not ___to do it.
A accessible, qualified
B available, qualified
C available, qualifying
D accessible, qualifying
3 These naughty boys couldn’t, _____,get out of the troublesome problem by themselves.
A although
B though
C as if
D even if
4 In my opinion, the best friend is one ______your sorrows and joys.
A with which to share
B with whom to share
C with that to share
D with whom sharing
5 Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up ___ I could answer the phone.
A .as B. since C .until D. before
6 The key__ the problem between the company and the consumer is__ the demands___ by the consumers.
A to solving, to meet, making
B to solving, to meet, made
C to solve, met, making
D to solve, meeting, made
7 ----I put him down as a well-educated man. ---------_______?----I mean that he is a
well-educated man.
A I beg your pardon
B Speak louder, please
C What is that?
D Will you repeat your words
8 ______ do you think of the design of the cloth?
A What, type
B How, design
C Who, color
D What, design
9 He was unable to ______ to the group what he meant.
A get through
B get across
C get down
D get around
10 He suddenly saw Sue ______ the room. He pushed his way ______ the crowd of people to get to her.
A across, across
B over, through
C over, into
D across, through
11 He left the place, ______never ______ back again.
A determined, to come
B being determined, to come
C determined, coming
D determining, coming
12 Within a year he ______ from teller to assistant cashier.
A promoted
B was promoted
C had promoted
D had been promoted
13 If you don’t like it, you don’t have to ______.
A pay
B pay it
C pay for
D pay for the money
14 -----He hasn’t slept at all for three days. He is tire d out.——____________________.
A There is no point
B There is no need
C it is no wonder
D it is no way
15 Do remember go and see your uncle whenever ______.
A you are convenient
B you will be convenient
C it is convenient to you
D it will be convenient to you
16 This story had a ______ending.
A satisfied
B satisfying
C satisfaction
D satisfy
17 ______ criticized, Mike would accept none of them.
A His being
B While being
C Even if being
D Even if
18 Where do you _____ going for your holidays this year?
A intend
B expect
C pretend
D mean
19 ----Is Bob still performing? ---I’m afraid not. He is said ___ the stage already as he has become an official.
A .to have left
B to leave
C to have been left
D to be left
20 I don’t know what____________.
A was the matter
B is the matter
C the matter was
D the matter is
21 When do you think ______visit her uncle?
A she was going?
B she will go to
C will she go
D will she go to
22 Please tell me ______ to have your coffee----black or white?
A what would you like
B what you would like
C how you would like
D how would you like
23 Do you know______________?
A how many stomachs does an ant have
B how many stomaches an ant has
C how many stomachs an ant has
D how many stomaches an ant have
24 The manager left word with his secretary _____ he would call again in the afternoon.
A who
B which
C as
D that
25 I wonder whether he knows_____ to write a book.
A how great pains it will cost
B what great pains will it take
C what great pains it will cost
D what great pains it will take
26 It is said that Tom ______ in public.
A laughed
B is laughed
C has been laughed at
D laughs at
27 The young man asked the tailor ___________.
A how long would the coat be ready
B how soon would the coat be ready
C how long the coat would be ready
D how soon the coat would be ready
28 The manager warned his driver _______ after drinking.
A never to drive
B to never drive
C never driving
D never drive
29 On his way home from Shanghai he told me that he ______ Shanghai again.
A had visited
B has visited
C would visit
D will visit
30 _______flowers, the pupils sent their teachers a nice greeting card for her birthday.
A Beside
B Except for
C Besides
D Except
31 It is only _____ 20 minutes’ ride from here to ______ Stone Company.
A a, the
B /, a
C /; the
D the; /
32 Please pass me the pen____ cap is broken.
A that which C whose D of which
33 All the electrical equipment _____ will be equipped in the office ______ great importance to us.
A that; are of
B that; is of
C what; is of
D what; are of
34 Please go to the station and _____ the time when the train will leave.
A make sure
B find out
C find
D discover
35 It is required that the work ____done next week.
A will be
B is
C be
D must be
36 He tried many times to sneak across the border to a neighboring country, _____each time.
A having been caught
B unluckily caught
C always being caught
D only to be caught
37 You can never imagine what great difficulty we had_____ your house last time.
A found
B to find
C finding
D for finding
38 We must work hard to _____ the environment from____.
A protect, pollution
B protect, being polluting
C prevent, been polluted D
prevent ,polluting
39 The staple foods eaten in any country depend largely on ____ best in its climate and soil.
A how it grows
B that it grows
C what grows
D whether it grows
40 The man asked______________.
A was there anything he could do
B whether there was anything what he could do
C there was anything what he could do
D if there was anything that he could do
高一英语晚练22
一．单词拼写（20分）
1. This kind of medicine will c____________ your headache.
2. We are to ____________(登广告) a secretary in the newspapers.
3. I can’t i_____________ living in such a big city.
4. Tickets are ______(可得到)free of charge from the school.
5. The girl has ___________(独一无二)thinking and rich imagination.
6. This is a good____________(抉择) for you.
7. PSAs are meant to___________(促进)products and public services.
8. Ads often use ____________(有说服力)texts to appeal to you.
9. He r____________ me a good book yesterday
10. The packaging of the product is _______________(显眼)
11. All of us have been a________ that ads play an important role in our daily life.
12. They made a c______ that this type of digital camera was of high quality.
11. His lie was so touching that many of his friend f_____ for it.
14. This new kind of computers are so small and light that they are c ______to carry about.
15. His unique a__________ to the problem was thought highly of by the teacher.
16. Many young people like his songs, that is to say, his songs a_______ to young people.
17. He p________ me to go shopping and I bought a big pack of goods.
18. Your job is p________ the new product to make it known to consumers.
19. That hotel is famous for its fine s______. The waiters and waitresses are friendly and polite.
20. Some commercial ads don’t tell the truth, so be s_______ about them.
二、单选题
1. While doing shopping, people sometimes can’t help ______into buying something
the y don’t really want.
A. persuade
B. persuading
C. being persuaded
D. to be persuaded
6．A _______ customer is _______ who has no complaints.
A. satisfied; people
B. satisfying; that
C. satisfy; which
D. satisfied; one
7．_______is a highly developed twentieth-century industry.
A. Advertisement
B. Advertising
C. Advertise
D. Advertiser 9．Education ____ white settlers only in Australia in the past. The natives could not go to school.
A. intended for
B. was intended for
C. intended to
D. was intended to
2. I don’t think people are really aware _____just how much it costs.
A. about
B. on
C. of
D. /
4. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____they are different from your own.
A. until
B. even if C .unless D .as though
5. I don’t like the way ____he speaks to me.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. how
6. The teacher asked us ____so much noise.
A. don’t make
B. not make C .not making D.. not to make
8. If it is quite _____to you, I’ll visit you next Tuesday.
A. convenient
B. available
C. easy
D. comfortable
9. The country life he was used to _____greatly since 1992.
A. change
B. has changed
C. changing
D. have changed
12. Tom told his teacher that he_____ born in 1990.
A. was
B. had been C .is D. has been
13. I have no choice but_____ his advice.
A. accept
B. to accept
C. accepting
D. to be accepted
14. Generally speaking, children easily _______such tricks.
A. fall off
B. fall down
C. fall for
D. fall behind
15. He got up early _______he could catch the first bus.
A. in order
B. so that
C. in order to
D. so as to
16. We are happy to know our head teacher will be _____ to headmaster.
A. promoted
B. lifted
C. raised
D. encouraged
18. What a hard life they ______ ! You should have helped them.
A. had
B. led
C. played
D. made
20. Rags that are used to _____ paper are not tiring any more. You‘ll be u sed to _______
such fine paper.
A. make; use
B. making; are
C. make; using
D. be made; using
六1 cure 2 advertise 3 imagine 4 available 5 unique 6 choice 7 promote 8 persuasive 9 recommended 10 eye-catching
七1—5 CADBB 6—10 DABB 11—15 C(D)/ BCDA 16—20 BDABC 21—24 BABC
模块4 第一单元检测
1. If you want to sell this product well, I advise you to a__________ it in the newspaper or on TV.
2. All of us finally agreed to his plan because of his p____________ language.
3. Nearly all the a__________ to the palace were guarded by the soldiers.
4. I’m sorry those coats are not ____________(可获得的,可买到的) in your color and size.
5. Last night I went to the bookshop and the shopkeeper r__________ a new to me.
6. What she has in mind is beyond____________(想象力). No one can tell what she will do next.
7. She is never s_________ with what she has got and keeps asking for more and more.
8. I will call back at a more _____________ (方便的) time.
9. Adventuring in African forest is really an u____________ experience.
16.The l atter plan isn’t good. I think you should go back to your o____________ one.
四.单项选择：（20分）
1. Though he came from a family similar ______ mine, we have little similarity ____ taste.
A. with, to
B. to, in
C. in, to
D. to, for
2．He was tricked _____________ a useless camera.
A. to buy
B. in buying
C. into buying
D. to have bought
3. After a heavy ads campaign, our market share has increased ___15% ___ 60% in Asian market .
A. with, to
B. to, by
C. at, above
D. by, to
4．Games play an important ______ ______ children’s education.
A. part of
B. role of
C. part for
D. role in
5．Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player _____________.
A. of all times
B. of all the time
C. of all the times
D. of all time
6．He ___________ a new proposal at the meeting to solve the urgent problem.
A . put up B. put forward C . put off D. put away
7. The newly published book, which refers _______ basic English grammar, is
_________only for beginners.
A. as; meant
B. for; intended
C. to; planned
D. to; intended
8. He left the place, _______never ________back again.
A. determined; to come
B. being determined; to come
C. determined; coming
D. determining; coming
9. ---Excuse me, may I ask you some questions?
---Sorry, I’m too busy and I haven’t even a minute to __________.
A. spend
B. share
C. spare
D. stop
10. We _________ him to stop surfing the internet, but he wouldn’t.
A. persuaded
B. tried to persuade
C. suggested
D. demanded
11. Would you __________ me a good dictionary?
A. command
B. demand
C. recommend
D. recommendation
12. ---- I’d like a table for six.
---- Sorry, sir, but we don’t have any tables ______ right now.
A. usable
B. suitable
C. comfortable
D. available
13. Move off the box, please. It stands ____.
A. in my way
B. on my way
C. by the way
D. in a way
14. _________ needs further discussion whether we’ll build a school here or n ot.
A. The matter
B. He
C. It
D. We
15. More advanced technique information was _________ from abroad.
A. brought out
B. brought in
C. brought on
D. brought
16. You ____ after a long distance walk, aren’t you? Yes. I need a good rest.
A. must tire
B. must be tired
C. must have been tired
D. must have tired
17. Come over and Have a chat with me whenever ______.
A. you will be convienient
B. it will be convenient to you
C. you are convenient
D. it is convenient to you
18. She was shy to speak in public at the beginning. But now she is used to ________ no
matter how many people there are in front of her.
A. speak
B. speaking
C. being spoken
D. be spoken
19. The visit of the police was _______ the lost child.
A. connected with
B. joined with
C. connecting with
D. joined to
20. People found him still _______ after the road accident, so they sent him to hospital at
once.
A. live
B. lively
C. living
D. alive
自我校对：
1-5 BCDDD 6-10 BDACB 11-15 CDACB 16-20 BBBAD
U1M4 复习小测试
四、单项选择15’
1. Mary loves history so much that she ______ to study history in university in the future.
A. determines
B. enables
C. connects
D. persuades
2. Word came that the government hanged the hero. Local residents _________ angrily to it.
A. acted
B. reacted
C. reported
D. adapted
3. He often uses ______ ways, which are different from others’, to solve math problems.
A. similar
B. practical
C. partial
D. particular
4. Those problems are _________ difficult for you, so you should think them over.
A. hardly
B. separately
C. extremely
D. generally
5. Their old house was too shabby, so they had a new house _________.
A. contained
B. consisted
C. updated
D. built
6. He was punished and promised that he _____ not do so again.
A. will
B. must
C. would
D. does
7. The design __________ children a lot. They all like it.
A. contributes to
B. appeals to
C. falls for
D. applies for
8. You told me that you had seen the performance _____.
A. two days
B. two days before
C. two days ago
D. yesterday
9.—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they？—_____.
A. I guess not so
B. I don’t guess
C. I don’t guess so
D. I guess not
10.—You seem to have lost your way. __________?—Yes. I’m looking for Jinshan Park.
A. What are you looking for
B. Are you looking for something
C. Need any help
D. What are you doing
11. He is not very good at getting his ideas _________, so he is easily misunderstood by others.
A. over
B. along
C. across
D. about
12. They spent all day ________ a model plane and finally completed it.
A. getting together
B. putting together
C. living together
D. mixing together
13. The school has decided to adopt a different _________ to attract more students, since old ways didn’t work well.
A. use
B. approach
C. issue
D. trick
14. The captain ________ all his soldiers before him, telling them to get ready for the fight.
A. collected
B. gathered
C. selected
D. elected
15. Can you help me to send these letters? Here is the ____ list.
A. present
B. mailing
C. file
D. phone
U1M4 复习小测试答案
四、单项选择15’
1-5 ABDCD 6-10 CBBDC
11-15 CBBBB
练习
一.单词拼写
1. aware
2. claim
3. fell
4. convenient
5.approach
6. appeal
7. persuaded
8. promoting
9. service 10. smart
高一英语练习（M4U1）
一、单项选择
1-BBBBD 6-BADBD 11-ABACC 16-BDAAB 21-BC C DD 26-CDACC 31-ACBBC
36-DCACD
一. 单词拼写六1 cure 2 advertise 3 imagine 4 available 5 unique 6 choice 7 promote 8 persuasive 9 recommended 10 eye-catching
1. aware
2. claim
3. fell
4. convenient
5.approach
6. appeal
7. persuaded
8. promoting
9. service 10. smart
自我校对：
1.advertise
2.persuasive
3.approaches
4.available
5.recommend
6.imagination
7.satisfied
8.convenient
9.unforgettable 10.original
被动语态：主动表被动形式 1) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义： The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同：Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) 2)当read, wash,clean, cook, cut, wear, carry，sell 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)：The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好) 另外，以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态： The vegetables are cooking.蔬菜正在煮着。 Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何? (3)某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin,start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动形式表示被动意义： When does the concertbegin? 音乐会什么时候开始？ The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。
我是英语专业的，或许能帮助你~！！楼主记得给分啊~！！2011—12--23 主动语态形式表示被动意义在初三英语教学当中，被动语态的学习是一个重点，学生常常在做选择填空和完形填空当中，会遇到一些用主动语态形式表示被动意义的题目，他们常常会犯一些错误。例如以下的一道选择题：The cotton very soft.（棉花摸起来很软）A、is felt B、feels C、was felt D、feel这道题的正确答案是B，而往往很多同学选择A。他们觉得应该用被动结构，其实这就是一个典型的“某些表示状态特征的系动词，就是用主动语态形式表示被动意义”的题目。为了避免学生再遇到类似的问题，犯同样的错误，本人觉得在初三复习当中，在不增加学生过多负担下，有必要将一些初中学生接触过的这一方面的内容，做一下简单的归纳。英语中主动语态形式并不都表示主动意义，有时可表示被动意义，因为被动语态不如主动语态用得普遍，在不引起误解的情况下，可用主动语态表示被动意义。常见的有以下几种情况。一、某些表示状态特征的系动词，如：look，sound，smell，taste等用主动语态形式表示被动意义。如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布料摸起来很软。The music sounds beautiful. 这音乐听起来很美。The cake smells nice. 这蛋糕闻起来香。The meat tastes terrible. 这肉尝起来变味了。二、表示某些“需要、要求”意义的动词，如need、want、require等后的动名词的主动语态形式表示被动意义。如：The bike needs mending. 这辆自行车需要修理。Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。The story requires reading carefully.这篇故事需要仔细阅读。三、形容词worth后接的动名词用主动语态形式表示被动意义。The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得读。The clock isn’t worth repairing. 这闹钟不值得修。The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得一看。四、作表语的形容词，如difficult，easy，hard，nice，possible，impossible等之后的不定式作状语时，用主动语态形式表示被动意义。此时，不定式表示的动作与其主语一般为动宾关系。如：Is English difficult to learn? 英语难学吗？The maths problem is not easy to work out.这道数学题不容易解。I think apples are nice to eat.我认为苹果好吃。五、某些动词，如：lock，open，sell，wash等，特别是与副词badly，easily，well等连用时，常常用主动语态形式表示被动意义。如：The door won’t lock. 这门锁不上。This kind of colour TV sells well. 这种彩电很畅销。Does the cloth wash well？这布耐洗吗？The shop opens at eight in the morning.商店早上八点开门。六、不定式作定语，与被修饰动词的名词或代词构成被动关系，表示被动意义。如：I have lots of homework to do today.今天我有许多家庭作业要做。I want to get something to drink. 我想弄点喝的。Would you like something to eat？你想要点吃的吗？当然“学无定法”，英语的学习不能靠死记规则，关键要提高语感，真正养成用英语思维的习惯，才能做到活学活用。
主动形式表被动意义 1. 1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如: Your reason sounds reasonable. Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演)等,例如: The door won't open. It can't move. 3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等,例如: The book sells well. These clothes wash well. 4)用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,例如: This material has worn thin. The dust has blownsintosthe house. 2. 1)动名词 be worth(值得), want (=need)(需要), need(需要), require(需要)后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如: These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 2) 作定语:不定式结构常表示动宾关系,即用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这种情形最常出现在“There+be+主语+修饰主语的不定式”和“及物动词+宾语(或双宾语)+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,特别是“主语+have+宾语+修饰宾语的不定式”结构中,例如: He has a family to support. There is a lot of work to do. 当然,这里的不定式在个别情形下也可用被动形式,含义区别不大,例如: There is so much work to do/to be done. 在“主语+be+形容词+不定式”句型中,有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语,这是应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的),
主动形式表示被动意义的十二种情况 英语的被动意义除了用及物动词的被动语态形式表示外，还可以用其他方法来表示，就像在汉语中并非一定要用“被”字来表示的被动意义一样。我们把这种用法称之为“主动表被动”，下面笔者就这种可以用主动形式表示被动意义的场合归纳如下。 1．用某些不及物动词表示被动意义，如：carry, cut, drive, iron, keep, lock, open, pick, read, shut, tear, wash, wear, write等等。这类动词既能作及物动词，也能做不及物动词。作不及物动词时，形式上虽为主动，却表示被动意义。例如：Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。 His novel sells well.他的小说畅销。 The car drove easily.这车很容易开。 Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑。 2．某些表示感觉动词的动词可以用主动形式表示被动意义。例如： This shirt feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多。 That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味。 These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好。 3．有少数动词(bind, cook, do, owe, print)的进行时有时有被动意义。在这种用法中，句子的主语都一般是指物的。例如： The magazine is binding(printing).这本杂志正在装订(印刷)。 He paid all that was owing.欠的钱他都还了。 The meat is cooking.正在火敦肉。 4．动词get, come, go之后接过去分词，表示被动意义。get的这种用法局限于口语和非正式的书面语言，更强调动作的结果而非动作本身，并常用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。而come和go常接含否定意义的过去分词。例如： After working selflessly in here for several years, Mr Li got promoted at last.李先生在此地无私地干了好几年，终于得到提升。 They got delayed because of the holiday traffic. 由于节日交通阻塞，他们被耽误了。 The buttons on my coat came undone.我上衣的扣子松开了。 The woman's complaints went unnoticed.那位女士的投诉无人理睬。 5．在need(want, require, deserve, etc.)doing句型中，动名词(doing)相当于动词不定式的被动式(to be done)，在意思上没有多大差别。例如： The garden needs watering(to be watered).花园需要浇水。 The problem requires studying(to be studied) with great care. 这个问题需要仔细研究。 These jobs want doing(to be done) at once. 这些工作需要马上就做。 6.在bear doing, stand doing, be worth doing结构中习惯上用动名词形式，而不用动词不定式。其中值得注意的是，在be worth doing句型中，只能用动名词的主动式，而在be worthy to be done中，才能用动词不定式的被动式，两者不可混淆。例如：
在某些特殊结构中，动名词可以用主动形式表示被动意义，这主要见于以下几种情况： 一、“需要”型 在need, want, require几个表示“需要”的动词后，英语习惯上用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如： He needs encouraging. 他需要鼓励。 Your hair wants cutting. 你需要理发了。 The front gate requires mending. 前门需要修理。 从意义上看，以上三句的动名词均含有被动意味，但用的都是主动形式。不过，如果改用不定式，则要用被动式，如上面也可说成： He needs to be encouraged. 他需要鼓励。 Your hair wants to be cut. 你需要理发了。 The front gate requires to be mended. 前门需要修理。 二、“值得”型 这类词比较典型的有三个，它们是(be) worth, deserve, merit——它们后面跟的动名词习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义，不能直接使用被动式。如： The film is worth seeing twice. 这个片子值得看两遍。 None of it is worth keeping. 这东西一点儿也不值得保存。 They merit praising. 他们值得表扬 说明：从搭配上看，be worth 和merit 后只能跟动名词，不能跟不定式；而deserve 后则通常是接不定式的。如： They deserved to be congratulated. 他们值得祝贺。 She deserved to win because she was the best. 她有资格获胜，因为她是最优秀的。 只有当它后面所接动词具有被动意义时才可用动名词，且要用主动形式表示被动意义；此时若改成不定式，则要用被动形式。如： 我认为他的文章不值一读。 I don’t think his article deserves reading. =I don’t think his article deserves to be read.
主动形式表示被动含义的情况 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。 （1） 形容词worth 后接的动名词用主动语态形式表示被动意义。 be worth doing= be worthy to be done = be worthy of being done The book is well worth reading. (2)在表示（某物）需要的need, want, require 等后的动名词，用主动形式表示被动 sb./sth wants(needs/requires) doing = sb/sth wants(needs/requires) to be done The baby wants looking after.= The baby wants to be looked after. 孩子需要照顾 The bike needs mending. 这辆自行车需要修理。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 The story requires reading carefully. 这篇故事需要仔细阅读。 (3)lock, open, close, read, write, wash, wear, sell, translate 等动词，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物，且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely 等副词连用。例如： This kind of cloth washes very well. This book sells well. The sign reads as follows. The dress wears very well. This essay doesn ’t translate well. 这篇文章不好译。 (暗指这篇文章本身不好翻译) This essay wasn ’t translated well. 这篇文章译得不好.
动词的主动形式表示被动之意 一、系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有： ①be 动词 ②. 起来（7 个）：look/seem/appear, feel（感觉，摸起来）,sou nd, smell, taste e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. ③（逐渐）变得 /变成： become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. ④保持： keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room. 二、下列动词（词组）没有被动式： 1、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take 2、不及物动词 sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear 等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 Ol、An accident was happened yesterday. （x）昨天发生了一起事故。 An accident happened yesterday. O2、 The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香。 O3、 The watch looks good. 这表看起来很好。 O4、 This book sells well. 这本书畅销。 O5、 The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。 O6、 The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 O7、 The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。 08、The door won ' t close/sh这门关不上。 O9、 The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。
主动形式表示被动含义的用法归纳 主动语态表示被动含义是学习语态的难点，也是高考考查的热点。现归纳如下： [考查热点1] 感官动词常用作系动词(如taste，feel，smell ，sound，look，smell等)，常用主动形式表示被动含义。例如：How sweet the music sounds! The flowers smell sweet． That sounds very reasonable． [考查热点2] 某些动词如cut，drive，pay，write，read，sell，keep，prove，weigh，number，drink，wear，pay，wash，open，cost，lock，last等常用主动形式表被动含义，这时常和well，easily，perfectly，badly，slowly等方式副词连用，这种用法多用来说明主语的特征、性质或所处的状态等。例如： The pen writes quite smoothly． The book sells well. [考查热点3]在too…to结构中常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例如： It's too good a chance to miss． [考查热点4] 有些及物动词如cook，burn，print，prepare等有时会用进行时态表示被动含义。例如： The potatoes are cooking． The dictionary is printing． [考查热点5] 在“need／want／require+V-ing”及“bear／stand+V-ing”结构中用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，这时相当于不定式的被动式。例如： My car needs／wants／requires repairing．＝My car needs／wants／requires to be repaired． [考查热点6]在There be句型中，something，anything，nothing等不定代词以及名词之后的不定式往往用主动形式表示被动含义。例如： There is nothing to do — I'm bored． There are six letters to write tonight． [考查热点7] be+to blame／to seek等结构具有的特点是作表语的不定式与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，因而用主动形式表被动含义。例如： A better way is to seek. Nobody is to blame for the accident． [考查热点8] 当不定式所修饰的名词或代词是及物动词的直接宾语，而间接宾语是不定式的逻辑主语时，可以用不定式的主动式代替不定式的被动式。例如：
英语的被动意义除了用及物动词的被动语态形式表示外，还可以用其他方法来表示，就像在汉语中并非一定要用“被”字来表示的被动意义一样。我们把这种用法称之为“主动表被动”，下面笔者就这种可以用主动形式表示被动意义的场合归纳如下。 1．用某些不及物动词表示被动意义，如：carry, cut, drive, iron, keep, lock, open, pick, read, shut, tear, wash, wear, write等等。这类动词既能作及物动词，也能做不及物动词。作不及物动词时，形式上虽为主动，却表示被动意义。例如：Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。 His novel sells well.他的小说畅销。 The car drove easily.这车很容易开。 Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑。 2．某些表示感觉动词的动词可以用主动形式表示被动意义。例如： This shirt feels much softer than that one. 这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多。 That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味。 These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好。 3．有少数动词(bind, cook, do, owe, print)的进行时有时有被动意义。在这种用法中，句子的主语都一般是指物的。例如： The magazine is binding(printing).这本杂志正在装订(印刷)。 He paid all that was owing.欠的钱他都还了。 The meat is cooking.正在火敦肉。 4．动词get, come, go之后接过去分词，表示被动意义。get的这种用法局限于口语和非正式的书面语言，更强调动作的结果而非动作本身，并常用来表示突发性的、出乎意料的偶然事件。而come和go常接含否定意义的过去分词。例如： After working selflessly in here for several years, Mr Li got promoted at last.李先生在此地无私地干了好几年，终于得到提升。 They got delayed because of the holiday traffic. 由于节日交通阻塞，他们被耽误了。 The buttons on my coat came undone.我上衣的扣子松开了。 The woman's complaints went unnoticed.那位女士的投诉无人理睬。 5．在need(want, require, deserve, etc.)doing句型中，动名词(doing)相当于动词不定式的被动式(to be done)，在意思上没有多大差别。例如： The garden needs watering(to be watered).花园需要浇水。 The problem requires studying(to be studied) with great care. 这个问题需要仔细研究。 These jobs want doing(to be done) at once. 这些工作需要马上就做。 6.在bear doing, stand doing, be worth doing结构中习惯上用动名词形式，而不用动词不定式。其中值得注意的是，在be worth doing句型中，只能用动名词的主动式，而在be worthy to be done中，才能用动词不定式的被动式，两者不可混淆。例如： That won't bear thinking of.那是不堪想像的。 The little girl can't stand criticizing.小女孩经不起批评。
英语主动表被动用法归纳 一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形 (1)某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式： That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。 (2)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义： The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关) 有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同： Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) (3)当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)：The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好) 另外，以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态： The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮着。 Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何?
用主动形式表达被动意义 一、1、一类表示感觉、感官等的连系动词，要用主动形式表被动时，常见的动词有：feel，look，smell，sound，taste等。 The water feels cold. Sugar tastes sweet. Your idea proved to be wrong. He turned out (to be) a thief. His advice proved (to be) very helpful. 2.一类及物动词（sell, write, read, wash等）表示主语的特征或状态，而不是强调动作本身时，要用主动形式表达被动意义，后面常跟adv.修饰。 The material washes easily. The door won’t shut. The book sells very well. The pen writes smoothly. (Note：这类动词也可有被动语态，但此时强调动作的发出) The shirts were cheap and sold out fast. 二、特定动词，如need，require，want等(“需要”)，如果物作主语，要用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式作宾语。 Your composition needs rewriting.(=Your composition needs to be rewritten) The car wants repairing.(=The car wants to be repaired) 三、动词不定式结构。有些动词不定式结构在句中作定语时，往往用不定式的主动来表达被动含义。 There are a lot of problems to deal with. I have a lot of work to do. be to blame, be to let 等也用主动结构表示被动含义。 You are to blame. The house is to let. 四、形容词（词组） 有些adj如easy, difficult, hard, heavy, expensive等，它们后面接的不定式常用主动形式表达被动含义。 The physics problem is easy to work out.
动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义 1、look ，feel ,smell, sound, taste等系动词在句中做谓语 This coat feels very soft and smooth. Her voice sounds very pleasant.. The dishes taste delicious. 2.有些动词做不及物动词，用来表示主语的内在品性或性质。 如：wash, clean, cook, iron, cut , sell, read, wear, feel , draw, write , sell 等 The book sells well. This knife cuts easily. My new pen writes well. 3.在need , require, want , worth (adj )后的动名词可以主动表被动 The door needs repairing. This book is worth reading. Her mother is ill .She needs looking after. 4.在疑问词what/which/whom+不定式结构中，主动表被动 I don’t know which to choose . He asked me what to do . 5.在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。 1）have（give, show）sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗? （to do是由you发出的） Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? （谁带不得而知） 再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。 He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。 There is much work to do. Have you any questions to ask? Would you like something to drink? 2）It（This, That）＋be＋a／an＋adj. ＋ n. ＋to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。 例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。
英语中主动形式表被动的用法 1.表示被动含义的主动动词 1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如: Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。 2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open（打开，营业）, close（关门）, cut（切割）, weigh（重）, act（上演）,例如: The door won't open. 这门打不开。 It can't move. 它不能动。 This shop opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons. 3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell, wash, clean, burn, cook, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词+副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。例如: The book sells well. 这种书很畅销。 These clothes wash well. 这些衣服很耐洗。 4) 用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词, 例如: This material has worn thin. 这料子已磨薄了。 The dust has blown into the house. 灰尘被风吹进了房子。 This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long. The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly. Written in simple English, this article reads easily. 5) 某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版）, come up （出现）, come into being（产生）come to one’s mind（想起）, turn out（证明是）, come about（发生）, break out（爆发）, belong to（属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。 The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It never occurred to me to phone you. 2.表示被动含义的主动结构 1)动名词 be worth(值得), want (=need)(需要), need(需要), require(需要)deserve(应该)等后所用的动名词,必须用主动结构表示被动意义,例如: These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 你的头发该剪了。
主动表被动 一、谓语动词用主动表被动的四种情形 (1) 连系动词没有被动语态形式(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，： That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。 (2) open, close, shut, lock, move等表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义： The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。 The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用 (3) read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。 This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。 【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用 (4) 表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start,end等)，当主语为事物，可用主动形式表示被动意义： When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始？ The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。 二、非谓语动词用主动表被动的六种情形 (1) 不定式to blame, to let，to seek用作表语时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢？ The house is to let. 此屋出租。 The reason is not far to seek. 这理由不难找到。 (2) 某些“be+形容词+to do”或者“动词+宾语+形容词++to do。结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： The question is difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。 Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。 Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗? I found the car comfortable to ride in. That makes poetry difficult to write. 【注】这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, fit等。 (3) 不定式用于某些动词(如have, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义：
英语有的词和汉语有这种关系，看起来是被动，表示主动意义，或看起来是主动，表示被动意义。比如be addicted to 好像是被动，但意思并不是被动的。 在英语表达中，有时用主动式表达主动含义，即本句主语就是该句谓语动词的施动者，例如They won the game yesterday.当句子的主语为动作的受动者是，我们常用被动式来表达句子的含义，例如He was praised by his teacher.然而在英文表达中常常使用一些特殊主动句式和结构来表达被动含义，例如“杰克是个臭名昭著的罪犯，罪该处决。”“杰克该处决”是被动意义，但可以主动式翻译，即Jack is a notorious criminal so he deserves a death penalty.那么，怎样处理这种情况呢？大致可以分为以下几种情况： 一．在主语+ be + 形容词+ to do的句式中,如果形容词表明主语的性质和内在特征，一般可以用不定式主动语态表达被动含义， 如：This question is easy to answer. 尽管“问题”是被回答，但本句中的形容词“easy”表明了主语“question”的性质，所以可以用“to answer”主动表被动含义。 二．在主语+ be +宾语+ to do的结构中，如果不定式与宾语之间有动宾关系，也可以用主动式表达被动含义。 例如：These are some questions to think about. 本句中正是由于“think about”与“questions”之间具备动宾关系，我们要用主动“to think about”来表达被思考的含义。 三．在have ( want need ...) + something + to do 的结构中，如果用作定语的不定式和它前面的修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，有和该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，这时不定式可以用主动形式表达被动含义， 例如： I have some food to eat. 句中的to eat 既与some food 构成动宾关系，又和句子主语构成主谓关系，我们可以用主动表被动，否则在表示被动含义时，仍需用不定式的被动语态。注意区分以下两个句子的不同含义： 例：① Do you have some clothes to wash? 你是需要去洗衣服吗？ ② Do you have some clothes to be washed? 你有一些衣服让我帮忙洗吗？ 在例句中，尽管wash 和clothes 构成动宾关系，但不与主语you 构成主谓关系，“你”并不是亲自洗，所以布丁式仍然应该用被动式。 四．在“there be + 主语+ 不定式”的结构中，当不定式与主语之间在逻辑上有动宾关系时，不定式可以用主动式也可以用被动式，只是侧重点不同。用主动式作定语重点在人，用被动式作定语重点在物，但在口语中多用主动式表被动的含义。 例如：There is a lot of work to be finished. 有很多工作要（我们）完成 There is a lot of work to be finished 有很多工作要做（不清楚谁完成） 在这里要注意区分something ( anything ,nothing ) to do 和something ( anything ,nothing ) to be done 之间的不同意义。 There is nothing to do , I am bored. 无事可做，我感到闷得慌。 There is nothing to be done. We’ll have to buy another one 没办法，我们只得另买一个。 五．在一些特殊的句式中，只能使用主动式表达被动含义， 例如：The film is well worth seeing. 本句中尽管“电影”是被“看”的，但由于be worth doing 结构本 身就表达了被做的被动含义，所以不存在be worth being done 的被动用法。 再如with + n + to do 的with 复合结构中，with some work to do, he had to stay up.“工作”与“做”之间具备逻辑上的被动关系。但是我们只能选择主动式to do 来表达被做的被动含义。 六．在英语的使用中，有一些词有不同的含义，不同的含义与词性使这些词有不同的用法，例如：taste( feel, smell...)表达品尝某物是及物动词有被动式，但表达尝起来怎样就只能用主