Introduction to HDD & HDD Manufacturing
freedom to innovate
March 22th , 2005
Rev.06
Albert Su / HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005 Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
1
Hard Disk Drive HDD Primer (硬碟机初步)
HDD and other Storage Devices (硬碟机及其他存储器) HDD Market Segments(市場分類) Major Components(主要元件) HDD Functionality(硬碟机功能) HDD Technologies, Processes & Tests(技术,制造方法,和测试) HDD Manufacturing Professionals(硬碟机制造专业) Other Manufacturers (其他硬碟机制造厂家)
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
2
Data Storage Devices and their characteristics
DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) (内存) + Very Fast access time (in nano [10E-9] sec range) , robust in handling - Expensive, lose data when power-off > Mainly used for computer on-board memory ( < 1GB) with CPU Flash memory(闪存) + Fast in access time, retain data when power-off, robust in handling - Expensive > Used in many portable/Hand Held devices (<1GB) HDD + Large Capacity at reasonable price (see $/MB comparison next chart) + Large spectrum of application from micro-drive to server drive + Small form factor HDD also can be removable and CF compatible -Slow in access time (in mini-sec range) - Less robust in handling compared to DRAM & flash Varieties of application in Information Technologies and Consumer Electronics DVD (R/W) (Optical) + Inexpensive storage media, removable -Slower (than HDD) in access time (especially during writing) > Used in archive or file backup etc….
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Hitachi Confidential
Albert Su/ HGSP China
2005-3-22
3
Price per MB comparison between HDD and Semiconductor memories
MB: Mega Byte (Mega = Million (or 1,000,000)(百万) GB: Giga Byte (Giga = Billion (or 1,000,000,000) (十亿) Byte : 8 binary bit (can be used to represent 1 alpha numeric character Binary: A coding method use either ‘0’ or ‘1’ digit
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
4
HDD Market Segments(市場分類)
Server Segment (伺服器)
Performance (data retrieval speed) driven(速度性能导向) High RPM, High Data Rate(高转速, 高数据传输速度) Higher Reliability Requirements(可靠性要求高) Desk-Top Segment (桌上型计算机) Low $/GB, Very Cost Competitive(价钱非常竞争) Mostly 3.5“ drives(多数用于三吋半硬碟机) Mobile Segment (手提计算机市场) Mostly 2.5" drives More shock resistance (防震) Better power management(较好的电能管理) Mostly laptop applications(多数用于手提型电脑) Consumer Electronics (CE) (消费者电子用品) Mostly 1” or 1.8” drives Very robust against handling Consume very little power Digital Audio/Video and Hand-Held devices
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Hitachi Confidential
Albert Su/ HGSP China
2005-3-22
5
HGST HDD Product Family
Ultrastar
3.5” SCSI, FC – 10K & 15K rpm ? Server, RAID Subsystem
Deskstar
3.5” ATA, SATA ? Desktop PC, HDD Recorder 2.5” ATA - 4200, 5400, & 7200 RPM ? Notebook PC, Blade Server 1.8” ATA ? Tablet PC, Digital Audio/Video recorder
Travelstar
Endurastar Microdrive
2.5” ATA - Wide Temp. Range (-20 to +85 deg. C) ? Car Application (Navigation, Audio)
1.0” CF II ? PDA, Hand Held Digital Audio/Video
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
6
Key Components of a HDD (主要元件)
Spindle Motor Assembly
Breath filter (透气过滤器)
(主轴马达组件)
Top cover(顶盖)
Seal (封条)
L/UL ramp (磁头 上/下 斜边)
Print Circuit Board (印刷电路板)
Disk (碟片)
VCM Magnet
Pre-amp
Disk clamp
Pivot (轴承)
Spoiler(扰流器)
Voice Coil(音圈)
(前置放大器)
(碟片压块)
.. ..
Slider (浮动块) Wafer(晶圆片)
Head Gimbal Assembly (HGA) (磁头摺片组合)
Flex Cable (软线路板)
Carriage(驱动架)
Head Stack Assembly (HSA) (头堆组件)
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
7
HDD Functionality– The basics
Data Storage and Retrieval ((资料储存和取出)
? Access (到位): Both ‘store’ & ‘Retrieve’ involving accessing to certain location on the media
? Store write data to media ? Retrieve Read back data from Media
Access is done by a ‘electrical & mechanical’ system (servo system ) which positions the HEAD (Read/Write sensor) to the data location on the media Storing (writing) data is done by:
? Sending switching current through WRITE HEAD which consists a coil
with magnetic core (poles). It also called TFI (Thin Film Inductive薄膜电导 体) head. ? Via WRITE HEAD, switching write current generates magnetic alternating fields which magnetize the media
Retrieving (reading) data is done by:
? Sensing the alternating magnetic patterns by a READ HEAD which is a
Magneto-Resistive (MR)(磁阻) Sensor that convert magnetic signal to electrical signal
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
8
HDD Functionality –the basics (continue...)
HDD functions also has following parameters (参数)
Capacity(容量) –How much data can it store Giga Bytes per disk Maximum Areal Density=(Max. BPI)x(Max.TPI)=(区域密度) Access Time(到位时间)--How fast can it get to data position Track-to-Track Seek time(軌與軌的寻道时间) Latency Time (等待时间)(1/2 Revolution time)--Max. time between 'arrival on track' and the start of reading data Data Rate --How fast can data ‘streaming’ in and out Linear Velocity(線性速度) Linear Bit Density(線性数位密度)
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
9
HDD Functionality (continue....)
Reliability(可靠性)
MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) by POH (Power On Hours) Field DPPM (Defect Parts Per Million) Environmental Specs(环境方面的规格) Temperature and Humidity (T/H)(温度与湿度) External Shock(外在的冲击力)
Operating Shock(操作时的冲击力) ? Nonoperating Shock(非操作時的沖擊力)
?
CSS (Contact Start Stop) or Load/Unload Test SER (Soft Error Rate) -- Data can be recovered by: ECC (Error Correction Code) On The Fly (hardware correction in real time) DRP --Data recovery procedure(资料修复程序) HER (Hard Error Rate) -- Data can not be recovered
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
10
Head Positioning (Accessing) Mechanism
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
11
Magnetic Recording Process
Read Current
Write Current (写电流) Shield 2 P1
GMR Sensor Track Width Shield 1
P2
S
N S
N N
S N
S S
N N
S N
S
Magnetization(磁化)
Inductive Giant Magnetoresistive Write Element Recording medium Read Element
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
12
HDD Data Recording Basics
Disk Drive
Rotating Thin Film Disk
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
13
Magnetic Recording Process
Head/Slider Accessing
Disk Rotation
Actuator Motor
Servo sector
Data sector
Hitachi Confidential
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
2005-3-22
14
Technologies Challenges
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
15
HDD Manufacturing
HDD Manufacturing can be divided into five major portions ? Cleaning of incoming parts ? Sub-assembly ? Main Assembly ? Testing ? Quality Audit and Stress sample test
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
16
HDD Manufacturing: 1. Cleaning of Incoming parts
DI water clean ? Base plate ? Top cover ? HSA, ? Disk spacer & Top clamp, ? Ramp screws and other screws ? Air spoiler Air clean magnetic component container in a separate line ? VCM Magnet Air clean non-magnetic components’ packages ? Spindle motor ? Disk ? Pivot ? Inner crash stop & outer crash stop ? Connector Seal and other seals ? Circulation filter, breather filter, ? Serial number labels
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
17
HDD Manufacturing: 2. Sub-Assembly
Press Acoustic plate to base plate Pivot Assembly and connector seal to HSA Attach breather filter and Seal breather filter to top cover
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
18
HDD Assembly Process Flow
Sub Assembly
Class-100 clean room
Press Acoustic Plate to Base Pivot ASM & Connector seal to HSA Breather filter & Seal to top cover
Main Assembly Attach Drive SN Insert Inner Crash stop Install spindle motor Insert chemical (air) filter
Mount Disks, spacer, top clamp & fasten Clamp screws Mount spoiler, fasten screw & mount Ramp, fasten screw Mount VCM, HSA and Fasten Screw Load Head on Ramp & Remove Head Clip Fasten Flex cable connector screw Mount OD crash stop Mount top cover & fasten screw Read HSA ID Leak seal
Partical Test
Stick particle Seal on Base Leak Test Ship Check
Albert Su/ HGSP China
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Hitachi Confidential
2005-3-22
19
HDD MFG Process/Test Flow
HDE (Head/Disk Enclosure) exit clean room
Class 10K clean room
Disk Erasure Self Servo Writer (SSW) Final Assembly Function Test SRST Test Acoustic Test Final Test
Standard ID, WIP
? Write Servo patterns on to servo sectors of each tracks ? Attach PCB & Acoustic Form
? MFG ID, Ship Check
? Initial setup load codes & optimization ? Self Run Self Test-- Surface Analysis Test (SAT)
mapping out ‘defect sectors’
? Check HDD ‘resonance noises’ ? Data Read/write (Error rate) test ? Outgoing Quality Audit
? On-going Reliability Test (Temp. / Humidity Stress)
OQA & ORT (Sampling Only) Featuring
? Customization code ? Boxing (20 drives) Pallet Wrapping (480 drives)
File name in slider master footer.ppt ? 2005Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Hitachi Confidential
Packing & Ship
Albert Su/ HGSP China
2005-3-22
20