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(完整版)中考语法填空解题技巧

(完整版)中考语法填空解题技巧
(完整版)中考语法填空解题技巧

根据设题类型,语法填空又可分为有提示词试题和纯空格试题两类。有提示词试题侧重考查动词、名词、形容词、副词以及词性转换。而纯空格试题侧重考查冠词、介词、连词和代词。

(一)提示性填空的解题技巧

技巧一:若提示词为动词,则先要进行两个步骤:首先将有横线的部分以句子为单位进行划分,其次标出句子中动词。

1.若句中无谓语动词,说明所给提示词则为句子谓语动词。则需考虑谓语动词的时态、语态以及主谓一致;1)若句中出现表示过去式的时间状语如last night, yesterday, 则就将提示词变成过去式;2)若是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,动词也应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:

一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries;以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys;以o结尾加es。如:does, goes;特殊的有:are-is, have-has

如果空格前是助动词、情态动词或是动词加to的形式,则空格一定是动词原形。例如can,will等情态动词后加动词原形。

例1:He____ (come) to school early this morning.

解析:题目中的this morning过去式,所以把come-came

例2:She _____(like) playing sports every day.

解析every day 表明句子是一般现在时,然后结合主语she把like 变为likes.

2.若句中已经有一个谓语动词,而且没有连词,则所给提示词为非谓语动词,需考虑非谓语动词,包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式(to do)。做题时确定所给出的词与其所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。

1)如果与中心词是主动关系,一般用现在分词V-ing形式。现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:

一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing,

train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing,

wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying 位于

2)如果与中心词是被动关系,一般用V-ed形式。

一)一般情况下加ed,如watched, planted, watered, pulled, climbed, picked。

二)以不发音字母e结尾的加d,如liked, moved, tasted。

三)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加ed,如study——studied。四)以1个元音字母加1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed,如stop——stopped。

3) 如果表示将来,一般用动词不定式。

例3:He spit it out,_____ (say) it was awful.

解析:用saying一方面是表示伴随着spit it out这一动作同时发生的,另一方面也是表示主动语态,动作是he发出的。所以答案是saying

例4:His first book____ (publish) next month is based on a true story.

解析:本题中时间是next month, 发生在将来,再结合书是被出版的,所以答案为to be published

技巧二:若提示词为名词,则需考虑:

(1)可数名词或是不可数名词; 不可数名词,则不做变化

(2)可数名词单数或复数,可数名词单数变复数的规则如下:

一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, ch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

例5:Tom likes ______(tomato) noodles.

解析:这道题主要修饰的是noodles,直接填tomato就可以了,很多同学会误填为tomatoes忽略了它用来修饰noodles.

技巧三:若提示词为形容词,副词则需考虑:

1)形容词修饰名词; 如a ______(漂亮的)girl,答案为beautiful, 用形容词来修饰名词girl.

2)副词修饰动词、形容词及整个句子;一般情况下加ly,一).一般情况下直接加“ly”,如quick---quickly 二).以“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”,如happy---happily 少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。例如:true-truly等。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如:polite-politely, wide-widely等。

3)形容词和副词的比较级、最高级。

一)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest,friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远) good/well -better best many/much -more most bad/ill – worse worst little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

五)多音节单词直接加more 或者most

例6:Tom is _____(hard) than Tim.

解析:首先这道题是两个人之间做比较,所以要用比较级,hard的比较级harder.

技巧四:若考查括号内给出单词的其他形式,通过分析句子结构,判断句子缺少什么成分(修饰什么词),再用正确的单词形式补充完整。介词、冠词、所有格后接名词、形容词修饰名词、副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子。该空同时考查学生的单词拼写能力。

名词的格如何变化:名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:

一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,

只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

例7:Today is June 1st, and it’s____(child) Day.

解析:6月1日是儿童节,所以答案为Children’s Day

例8:It is Tom and Tim’s _____ (room)

解析:因为所有格放在Tim的后面,表示两者共有的房间,所以为一间,答案为room

(二)纯空格题的解题技巧

技巧一:若判断为介词则需考虑:

(1)介词的基本用法;介词+动词-ing

(2)固定搭配。如.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/,.at + 时刻表示钟点

例9:Nowadays, many parents are against _____(watch) TV at night.

解析:看横线处前面是against是介词,后加动词-ing,所以答案为watching.

技巧二:若判断为代词则需找出代词所指代的名词,根据其在句中所充当的成分确定用哪个代词。

1.如果空格后是名词,就应该考虑空格处是否用物主代词(my,your,his等)、指示代词(this,that等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰。

例10:This is ___ (I) book, because my name is on it.

解析:横线后是book名词,然后词根是I,就可以想到my,用形容词性的物主代词来修饰名词

2.“it”做形式主语及形式宾语。

1). it用作形式主语

当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。如:It’s a pity to refuse. 拒绝是令人遗憾的。

注:It is said / reported / believed / understood that… 这类结构中的it 也是形式主语。如:

It’s reported that two people were injured in the accident. 据报导这次事故中有两人受伤。

2). it用作形式宾语

当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末。如:

I find it easy to get on with her. 我发现她很容易相处。

注意:初中还学到几个固定句型;

一)It is +adj. +to do sth.

二)It takes time to do sth.

三)find it +adj.+to do sth.

技巧三:若判断为冠词则需考虑:(1)如果空格后是单数可数名词,就应该考虑空格处是否需要填不定冠词(a,an);(2)如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提及上文提到过的人或物等时,就应该考虑空格处是否

需要填定冠词(the);(3)还有一些固定搭配需要注意。

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