如何判断谓语动词和非谓语动词
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题目:深度剖析英语句子谓语动词和非谓语动词一、引言在英语语法中,谓语动词和非谓语动词是极其重要的部分,它们对于句子的句法结构和语义意义起着至关重要的作用。
在本文中,我们将深入探讨英语句子谓语动词和非谓语动词的定义、分类、用法和相关例证,帮助读者全面理解这两个概念的深度和广度。
二、谓语动词的定义和分类1. 谓语动词的定义谓语动词是指在句子中表示主语动作或状态的动词,它是句子的核心成分,用来说明主语的动作、行为或状态。
2. 谓语动词的分类(1) 及物动词:需要跟宾语才能构成完整意义的动词,例如:write、eat、see等。
(2) 不及物动词:不需要跟宾语就能构成完整意义的动词,例如:go、cry、sit等。
(3) 连系动词:用来说明主语的状态、特征或性质的动词,例如:be、seem、appear等。
三、非谓语动词的定义和分类1. 非谓语动词的定义非谓语动词是指动词的非时态、非人称形式,在句子中不能独立担任谓语,常常作状语、宾语或补足语等成分,例如:动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词等。
2. 非谓语动词的分类(1) 动词不定式:表示动作的概念,例如:to do、to play、to study 等。
(2) 动名词:表示动作的名词化,例如:doing、playing、studying 等。
(3) 现在分词:表示正在进行的动作,例如:doing、playing、studying等。
(4) 过去分词:表示已经完成的动作,例如:done、played、studied 等。
四、深度和广度的探讨在英语句子中,谓语动词和非谓语动词的深度和广度不仅仅影响句法结构,还影响到句子的语义意义和修辞效果。
谓语动词作为句子的核心成分,承载着主要的动作或状态信息,而非谓语动词则通过各种形式来扩展、修饰或补充句子的意义,增加句子的表达能力。
正确理解和运用谓语动词和非谓语动词,有助于提高句子的语法正确性和表达清晰度,丰富语言表达能力。
怎么区别动词非谓语动词的时态非谓语动词非谓语动词(不能作谓语用)包括不定式、分词及动名词。
动词不定式1.常用形式:一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done进行式to be doing2.语法功能:可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语(即除谓语之外的各种成分)。
例如:1)主语:To master a foreign language is very important.2)表语:My job is to drive them to the company every day.3)宾语:Do you want to visit the Great Wall?Can you give us some advice on what to do next?宾补:The teacher advised us to have a rest first.I didn´t notice them come in.注:see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后(即不定式作主补时)要带to, (其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.)help(帮助)后作宾补的动词不定式可带to,也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth. 定语:不定式位于所修饰的名词,代词之后,如:Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.6)状语:in order toA.目的状语:She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English. to注:in order to 可以位于句首或句中,so as to 不能位于句首。
如何判断非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是指在句子中具有动词性质,但不作谓语的动词形式。
在判断非谓语动词时,我们可以注意以下几个要点:1. 结构特征:非谓语动词通常由动词原形或动词的-ing、-ed、-en等形式构成。
常见的非谓语动词形式包括:不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
2. 句法功能:非谓语动词可以作为主语、宾语、定语、表语或状语等句子成分。
根据其在句子中的作用,我们可以判断非谓语动词的句法功能。
3. 语义特征:非谓语动词往往具有较强的动作性或状态性。
根据上下文的语义,我们可以推测非谓语动词所表达的动作或状态的特点。
以下是一些常见的非谓语动词及其用法的参考内容:1. 不定式(to + 动词原形):- 作主语:To learn a foreign language well requires a lot of practice.(学好一门外语需要大量的练习。
)- 作宾语:I want to go shopping this weekend.(这周末我想去购物。
)- 作定语:The best way to solve the problem is to ask for help.(解决问题的最好方式是寻求帮助。
)- 作状语:He woke up early to catch the first bus.(为了赶上第一辆公交车,他早早醒来。
)2. 现在分词(动词-ing形式):- 作主语:Painting is my favorite hobby.(绘画是我最喜欢的爱好。
)- 作宾语:I enjoy reading books in my free time.(我喜欢在闲暇时间读书。
)- 作定语:The running water is very clear.(流动的水非常清澈。
)- 作状语:Smiling, she accepted the award.(她微笑着接受了奖励。
)3. 过去分词(动词-ed或-en形式):- 作主语:Broken glass should be handled with care.(破碎的玻璃应小心处理。
广东教育·高中2019年第4期非谓语动词是高考必考考点,难度较大,常在语法填空中以提示词为动词的形式出现。
在遇到该类问题时,可以遵循下列步骤来解题。
1.判断是否填非谓语动词;2.找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语;3.根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间的关系确定主、被动关系;4.根据非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的先后顺序确定时间关系;5.确定非谓语动词的形式。
一、谓语动词和非谓语动词的区分可以通过口诀“圈谓语,找连词;有连词,填谓语;无连词,填非谓”来确定是否填非谓语动词。
接下来通过两个例子区分谓语动词和非谓语动词。
(1)He held a book in his hand,and______(pretend)to be reading.(2)He held a book in his hand,_____(pretend)to be reading.首先,我们圈出两句话的谓语动词,然后找到句中连词。
句(1)中有连词and 并列两个谓语动词held 和pretend ,句(2)中没有连词。
所以第一个空填谓语动词pretended ,第二个空填非谓语动词pretending 。
[训练]1.As time_____(go)by,more and more rural people run away from home to big cities to make a living.2.With time______(go)by,great changes have taken place in our hometown.3.He has three sisters,one of them______(be)a doctor.4.His parents died many years ago,so he______(bring)up by his grandparents.[解析]上述口诀进行判断,(1)(4)句中有连词as 和so ,所以(1)(4)两空分别填谓语动词goes 和was brought ;而(2)(3)两题句中无连词,所以分别填非谓语动词going 和being 。
非谓语动词的做题步骤:1. 判定是谓语还是非谓语。
方法:找谓语动词。
如果句子已经有了谓语动词,要用的动词有下列情况:1)并列谓语(应有连词and,but,or等);2)并列句或从句谓语(应有从句、连词或分号“;”);3)非谓语动词(作主、宾、表、定、状、补等成分)。
2. 找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
1)一般是句子的主语;2)定语的逻辑主语是所修饰词;3)宾语补足语的逻辑主语是宾语;4)独立主格结构的逻辑主语是分词前名词或代词。
3. 判断主被动关系。
方法:确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。
4. 判断时间关系。
方法:分析句子,看非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
注意:这些只用于一般情况,注意特殊情况,如:有些动词只接不定式作宾语,而有些动词只能接动词-ing形式作宾语。
再如:judging from等一类短语已是固定结构。
例如:1)The storm left, _____ a lot of damage to this area.A. causedB. have causedC. to causeD. having caused分析:(1)判断是谓语还是非谓语:句中left是谓语,cause要用非谓语形式,排除B项;(2)找逻辑主语:cause是“The storm left”的结果状语,逻辑主语是句子主语the storm;(3)判断主被动:cause a lot of damage是由the storm发出的,所以是主动,排除A(caused 作非谓语时是过去分词,表被动);(4)判断先后关系:cause damage与谓语动词left前已经发生,要用表示动作已经发生的having done。
答案:D。
2)______many times, he still couldn’t understand it .A. Having been toldB. Being toldC. He had been toldD. Though he was told分析:(1)判断是谓语还是非谓语:句中couldn’t understand是谓语,没有并列句连词and、but、so等,排除C;选项D是让步状语从句,但是many times经常用完成时表示强调,排除D。
非谓语动词与谓语动词的关系在英语语法中,谓语动词是句子的核心成分,用于表达主语的动作或状态。
然而,除了谓语动词之外,英语中还存在一类特殊的动词形式,即非谓语动词。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词,它们在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、状语等等。
本文将探讨非谓语动词与谓语动词的关系以及它们在句子中的不同作用。
一、动词不定式动词不定式是一个以“to + 动词原形”构成的短语,它可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等多种句子成分。
在句子中,动词不定式往往与谓语动词有以下几种关系:1.并列关系:主语与宾语或表语之间同时使用不定式作为补充。
例如:- My dream is to travel around the world.(我的梦想是环游世界。
)- She wants to learn how to play the piano.(她想学习弹钢琴。
)2.目的关系:不定式表示主语的目的或意图。
例如:- I went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.(我去超市买了一些杂货。
)- We study hard to get good grades.(我们努力学习是为了取得好成绩。
)3.结果关系:不定式表示主语的行为或结果。
例如:- He ran so fast as to break the record.(他奔跑得如此快以至于打破了纪录。
)- The thief climbed over the wall to escape.(小偷翻过墙逃跑。
)二、动名词动名词是动词加上-ing形式构成的名词,它可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等多种句子成分。
在句子中,动名词与谓语动词的关系有以下几种:1.主语关系:动名词作为句子的主语。
例如:- Swimming is good for your health.(游泳对身体有好处。
)- Reading is my favorite hobby.(阅读是我的最爱爱好。
非谓语和谓语动词非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念,指的是不具备人称和数的特征,不能单独充当句子的谓语,需要与其他词语搭配使用的动词形式。
常见的非谓语动词形式有动词不定式、动名词和分词。
谓语动词则是句子的核心,用来表示动作或状态的词语。
非谓语动词在句子中有着重要的作用,可以用来修饰名词、充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
通过使用非谓语动词,可以使句子更加简练、连贯,增强句子的表达力和修辞效果。
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,由“to+动词原形”构成。
它可以用来表示目的、原因、结果、条件、方式等。
例如:-He came here to study.(他来这里是为了学习。
)-She is too tired to walk.(她太累了,无法走路。
)动名词是非谓语动词的另一种形式,由动词的现在分词形式构成,常以“-ing”结尾。
它可以用来表示动作的进行、原因、结果、方式等。
例如:-Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。
)-He enjoys reading books.(他喜欢阅读书籍。
)分词是非谓语动词的第三种形式,由动词的过去分词形式构成,常以“-ed”、“-en”、“-ing”等形式结尾。
它可以用来表示被动、完成、原因、条件、方式等。
例如:-The book written by him is very popular.(他写的那本书很受欢迎。
)-The door is broken.(门坏了。
)通过使用非谓语动词,可以使句子更加简洁明了,减少冗余的词语,提高句子的流畅度和语言的表达效果。
同时,非谓语动词也可以用来表达一些复杂的语义关系,使句子更加丰富多样。
在写作中,我们可以通过合理运用非谓语动词来增强句子的表达力。
例如:1.作为定语:-The girl sitting next to me is my sister.(坐在我旁边的女孩是我的妹妹。
)-The book written by Shakespeare is a classic.(莎士比亚写的那本书是一部经典之作。
怎么找非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,不受动词的时态和人称的限制,通常用来作状语、定语和补语。
下面是关于非谓语动词的讲解和相关参考内容。
一、非谓语动词的种类及形式:非谓语动词包括动名词、不定式和分词三种形式。
1. 动名词:动名词的构成是动词原形+ing。
它可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
例如:- Smoking is harmful to your health. (作主语)- I enjoy swimming in the sea. (作宾语)- Do you mind me using your computer? (作定语)- He left home without saying goodbye. (作状语)- His dream is becoming a pilot. (作补语)2. 不定式:不定式的构成是“to + 动词原形”。
它可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
例如:- To travel around the world is my dream. (作主语)- She wants to be a doctor when she grows up. (作宾语)- I have a lot of books to read. (作定语)- He studied hard to pass the exam. (作状语)- His wish is to become a famous singer. (作补语)3. 分词:分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
现在分词的构成是动词原形+ing,过去分词的构成有规律变化和不规律变化两种。
分词可以作定语、状语和补语等。
例如:- The smiling girl is my sister. (作定语)- Walking in the park, he met an old friend. (作状语)- I saw a broken window in the house. (作定语)- She was surprised to see her name on the list. (作补语)二、如何找非谓语动词:1. 看句子结构:非谓语动词通常出现在句子的其他成分之前或之后,根据句子结构找出动名词、不定式或分词的形式。
课前准备一•分析句子结构,找出句中的主谓结构及非谓语形式。
1. World emissi ons have rise n by about 70% since the 1970s.2. Walki ng 10 kilometers every day is a challe nging game for a no rmal pers on.3. It affects man's spirit and makes them more likely to suffer from disease.4. Many years ago there lived a very rich man who wan ted to do someth ing for the people of his tow n.5. The survey con ducted by the club shows that many people want to take exercise for one hour every day.二•认真阅读下面文章,在理解文章意义的基础上分析划线部分的句子结构(找出谓语和非谓语结构)。
One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the coun try. He wan ted to show his son how the poor lived so he could be tha nkful for his wealth.They spe nt a couple of days and ni ghts on the farm of what would be con sidered a poor family. On their return the father asked his son to expla in what he had lear nt. The boy, who had rema ined sile nt and deep in thought on the journey home, replied in a way that shocked his father.The boy said he wan ted to become a farmer. He env ied the farmers who had the beautiful ni ght stars to give them light while his family had on ly expe nsive lanterns. He wished to have a farm where he could go swimmi ng in an en dless river in stead of the garden pool in their home. Finally he asked his father, "What makes us safer, large walls around our house or frie nds that will protect us?"The boy finished by saying, " Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is truly rich. "With this the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally speechless.(2009广州一模)课堂练习Taskl.请做下面一组题,每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的,并将解题的思维过程说出来。
谓语与非谓语动词之判断复习一:谓语的时态与语态复习二:非谓语动词的形式:________ 只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)_________ 由并列连词(but, or, and等)或者一个分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起。
_________含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。
一.分析句子结构,找出句中的动词并判断谓语或者非谓语。
1. World emissions have risen by about 70% since the 1970s.2. Walking 10 kilometers every day is a challenging game for a normal person.3. It affects man's spirit and makes them more likely to suffer from disease.4. The survey conducted by the club shows that many people want to take exercise for one hour every day.二.认真阅读下面文章,在理解文章意义的基础上分析划线部分的句子结构(找出谓语和非谓语结构)。
One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country. He wanted to show his son how the poor lived so he could be thankful for his wealth.They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of what would be considered a poor family. On their return the father asked his son to explain what he had learnt. The boy, who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home, replied in away that shocked his father.The boy said he wanted to become a farmer. He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night stars to give them light while his family had only expensive lanterns. He wished to have a farm where he could go swimming in an endless river instead of the garden pool in their home. Finally he asked his father, "What makes us safer, large walls around our house or friends that will protect us?"The boy finished by saying, " Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is truly rich. "With this the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally speechless.(2009广州一模)Task 1. 请做下面一组题,每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的,并将解题的思维过程说出来。
英语非谓语动词和谓语动词在英语语法中,掌握好动词的用法是最重要的,而非谓语动词又是动词中非常重要的一部分,由于它们内容多,有些用法相似,所以不好掌握,经常被混淆用错,笔者通过列表比较方法,我们会对非谓语动词的用法一目了然,找出异同,更好的掌握它们的用法,下面通过列表比较的方式,分析非谓语动词的主要用法。
一、非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系非谓语动词相对谓语动词的时间意义例句一般式不定式说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后,多数是那些表愿望的词:want; hope;expect; wish等。
I want to go home.I hope to see you.说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生,多数是那些省略不定式符号的词,一般是复合宾语。
I saw him come in.He helped him (to) carrythings.一般式动名词表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。
We enjoyed seeing the film.I am thinking of taking overthe job.在动词insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。
He insisted on doing that work在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on; upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。
I remember seeing him before.On arriving Beijing, he went tosee his friend.一般式分词现在分词持续性动词说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He stood there speaking.Holding a book under his arm,he entered the room.终止性动词说明分词表示的动作发生之后,句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。
语法填空中的谓语与非谓语动词之判断广州市第65中方翠苗教学内容:高考语法填空中的谓语及非谓语动词的辨析。
教学目标:1.通过句型梳理与练习,使学生在具备分析句子结构的能力的基础上,掌握动词的时态和语态的相关知识。
?2.通过句型梳理与练习,使学生在具备分析句子结构的能力的基础上,掌握非谓语的相关知识。
?3.通过学习,使学生能辨析语法填空中的谓语及非谓语,并能进行准确填空,提高高考语法填空平均分。
4.学会同学间的合作学习和探讨式学习。
★——Difficult ★★——Very Difficult课前准备一.分析句子结构,找出句中的主谓结构及非谓语形式。
1. World emissions have risen by about 70% since the 1970s.2. Walking 10 kilometers every day is a challenging game for a normal person.3. It affects man's spirit and makes them more likely to suffer from disease.4. Many years ago there lived a very rich man who wanted to do something for the people of his town.5. The survey conducted by the club shows that many people want to take exercise for one hour every day.二.认真阅读下面文章,在理解文章意义的基础上分析划线部分的句子结构(找出谓语和非谓语结构)。
One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country. He wanted to show his son how the poor lived so he could be thankful for his wealth. They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of what would be considered a poor family. On their return the father asked his son to explain what he had learnt. The boy, who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home,replied in a way that shocked his father.The boy said he wanted to become a farmer. He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night stars to give them light while his family had only expensive lanterns. He wished to have a farm where he could go swimming in an endless river instead of the garden pool in their home. Finally he asked his father, "What makes us safer, large walls around our house or friends that will protect us?"The boy finished by saying, " Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is truly rich. "With this the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally speechless.(2009广州一模)课堂练习Task 1. 请做下面一组题,每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的,并将解题的思维过程说出来。
非谓语动词与谓语动词的比较研究摘要:本文通过对非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的比较与分析,对非谓语动词进行了系统详尽的研究,着重阐明了各非谓语动词之间在语态、时态和语法成分上的区别。
关键词:非谓语动词逻辑主语语态时态非谓语动词与谓语动词有着千丝万缕的联系。
从形式上讲,谓语动词有四种:以动词do为例,动词原型为do、过去式为did、现在分词为doing和过去分词为done;非谓语动词也有四种:以动词do为例,不定式为to do;现在分词为doing、动名词为doing和过去分词为done。
其中,现在分词和动名词现在统称为V-ing。
从语态上讲,谓语动词和非谓语动词都有两种,但表现形式不同。
以动词do为例,谓语动词是:主动语态do和被动语态be done;非谓语动词是:主动语态,不定式to do,现在分词和动名词doing。
被动语态,不定式to be done,现在分词和动名词being done和过去分词done。
从时态上讲,谓语动词有16种时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去完成进行时、过去将来时、过去将来进行时、过去将来完成时、过去将来完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时、将来完成进行时,而非谓语动词因为最多有四种形式,一般式(不定式、现在分词与动名词和过去分词)、进行式(不定式)、完成式(不定式和现在分词与动名词)、完成进行式(不定式),所以,它们只能代表十种时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。
注:因为不定式、现在分词和动名词都没有将来式,所以,就用其一般式代替将来式。
从结构上讲,谓语动词没有复合结构和独立主格结构,而非谓语动词却有。
请看下面非谓语动词的两个表格。
主谓一致;都在句中充当一定的语法成分。
非谓语动词与谓语动词之间,以及不同的非谓语动词之间有相同点,也有不同点。
谓语动词和非谓语动词讲解谓语动词是一个句子中的核心动词,用以表示动作、行为、状态或存在。
它通常具有人称、数和时态的变化形式,并与主语保持一致。
非谓语动词则是指在句子中不作谓语,不具有人称、数和时态的变化形式。
谓语动词可以分为实义动词和系动词两种类型。
实义动词指的是表示实际动作或行为的动词,如run(跑)、eat(吃)、sing(唱)等。
而系动词则指的是表示主语状态或性质的动词,如be(是)、seem(似乎)、feel(感到)等。
举个例子来说明:He runs every day.(他每天跑步。
)在这个句子中,runs 是谓语动词,表示主语 he 的动作。
非谓语动词包括动名词、不定式和分词三种形式。
动名词是以-ing 结尾的动词形式,它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
例如:Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。
)这里的 swimming 是动名词,在句子中作主语。
不定式是以to 加动词原形构成的,可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
例如:I want to go shopping.(我想去购物。
)这里的 to go 是不定式,在句子中作宾语。
分词是由动词的过去分词(-ed 结尾)或现在分词(-ing 结尾)构成的形式,可以作定语、状语或表语。
例如:The book written by him is very interesting.(他写的书很有趣。
)这里的written 是分词,在句子中作定语。
除了动名词、不定式和分词,非谓语动词还包括一些特殊形式,如动词不定式的完成式(to have + 过去分词)、动词不定式的进行式(to be + 现在分词)等。
需要注意的是,谓语动词和非谓语动词在语法功能上有所差异。
谓语动词具有人称、数和时态的变化形式,是句子中的核心动词,而非谓语动词不具备这些变化形式,是在句子中充当其他成分的动词形式。
总结起来,谓语动词和非谓语动词是句子中的两种不同形式的动词。
谓语动词与非谓语动词讲解谓语动词是句子的核心成分,用以表示主语的动作、行为、状态或特征。
在句子中,谓语动词通常是由动词原形构成,可以单独构成谓语,也可以与助动词、情态动词、系动词等搭配使用。
非谓语动词是动词的一种形式,与谓语动词相对。
它一般不具备时态和人称等语法特征,不能作为谓语,而是充当其他成分,如状语、定语或宾语的成分。
非谓语动词包括动词的不定式、动名词和分词形式。
接下来,将针对谓语动词和非谓语动词进行详细讲解,以及提供相关参考内容。
一、谓语动词1. 表示动作和行为谓语动词可表示主语的动作和行为,如:- The boy ran to catch the bus.(这个男孩跑去追公共汽车。
)- She sings beautifully.(她唱得很好。
)2. 表示状态和特征谓语动词还可以表示主语的状态和特征,如:- He is a doctor.(他是一名医生。
)- The flower smells sweet.(这朵花闻起来很香。
)3. 系动词与表语的搭配谓语动词有一种特殊的形式——系动词,常与表语搭配用以表示主语的状态或特征,如:- She seems happy.(她似乎很快乐。
)- The coffee tastes bitter.(这咖啡尝起来很苦。
)二、非谓语动词1. 动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,通常由“to”+ 动词原形构成。
它可以用作名词、形容词或副词的补语,也可以作为动词或情态动词的宾语,如:- To travel is my dream.(旅行是我的梦想。
)- I want to eat an apple.(我想吃一个苹果。
)2. 动名词动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由动词原形加上“ing”构成。
它可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语等成分,如:- Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有好处。
)- I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。
突破点(一) --如何确定非谓语动词还是谓语动词若句中找不到谓语,则所给动词就作谓语(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句,必须要有谓语,一般,空格所在的句子中无其他动词,那么这个空就应该填谓语动词。
谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等。
例如 2016全国Then, handle the most important tasks so you will feel a real sense ofachievement .Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ---63 (be) often acceptable.分析:该句中主语为动名词 leaving -----,故所给动词作谓语,谓语动词为第三人称单数形式,且根据语境知时态为一般现在时故填 is例二 2016四川高考 The giant panda ---61 (love) by people through the world.分析:句中没有谓语故空格处应该做谓语。
大熊猫为世界各地人们所喜爱是个客观事实,应用一般现在时,且 panda 与 love 间是被动关系,用被动语态故填 is loved(2)若句中找到了谓语动词,而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时,则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。
非谓语动词需要确定是 vIng 形式, Ved 形式还是不定式。
例 1 2016全国Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal-----43 (create) special designs.分析:本句已有谓语动词 combine 且空处不作并列谓语,故应填非谓语动词,此处为不定式作目的状语故填 to create例二 2016 全国My ambassadorial duties will include ----67(introduce) Britishvisitors to the 120 plus panda at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.分析:句中已有谓语动词 include 且无其他连词,故空处应填非谓语动词。
Include 及物动词其后加名词或动名词作宾语再结合提示 Introduce 和空后的名词 visitors ,此处应用动名词作宾语故填 introducing.(3) 排除干扰,切忌只见树木不见森林例 1 2016 全国Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ----49 (be) too violent for use at the table.分析:初看此题,会根据 and 认为应与前面的某个成分并列,是与 believed 并列,与would remind 并列还是killings 并列?分析句子可知, believed 后结宾语从句,宾语从句由 and 连接俩个并列谓语,但此处描述的是过去的事实,应用一般过去时,又因主语是 knives 故填 were例 2 2015 全国A study of travelers --68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top10 destinations in the world .分析:本题存在一题多义,一词多性的特征,考生易误填 was conduced 或 were conduced 因为考生容易把names 误作名词而认为空格处应填动词,实际上分析句子结构可知,空格所在句已有谓语动词 names 且不与names 作并列谓语故填非谓语动词。
Study 和conduct 间为被动关系,所以应用过去分词作定语故填conducted2. 通过 6 组易混示例,理清谓语动词和非谓语动词题组一示例 He volunteered to help control traffic ,----(donate) an hour of his time every week.(2)He volunteered to help control traffic ,-and----(donate) an hour of his time every week.分析俩句差别是 and ,分析句子结构可知,1 句空格处为现在分词作伴随状语 2 句空格处与 volunteered 并列作谓语故 1 填 donating 2 填 donated题组二示例1 -----(call) me tomorrow and I will let you know the lab result .(call) me tomorrow , I will let you know the lab result分析俩句差别是 and ,分析句子结构可知, 1 句为句式祈使句 +and +陈述句,2 句为分词短语作条件状语故1 填 CALL 2 填 calling题组三示例 1. The guide -----(lead) the way , we had no trouble getting out of the forest.2. The guide -----(lead) the way ,so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.分析俩句差别是 so ,分析句子可知,1 为独立主格结构作原因状语 2 句 so 连接俩个并列句空格处所填词应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词一致,故 1 填 leading 2 填 led题组四示例 1. The party will be held in the garden ,weather-----(permit).2. The party will be held in the garden , if weather-----(permit).分析俩句差别是 if ,分析句子结构可知, 1 为独立主格结构作条件状语 2句 if 引导的条件状语从句故 1 填 permitting 2 填 permits题组五示例 1. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture ,and all his attention ----(fix) on it.2. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture ,with all his attention ----(fix) on it.3. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture , ----(fix) all his attention on it.分析三句差别是逗号后的部分,分析句子结构可知, 1 为 and 连接俩个并列句通过时态语态的分析应用一般过去时的被动语态, 2 句为独立主格结构 with 复合结构,3 句为现在分词短语作伴随状语故 1 句填 wasfixed 2填 fixed 3句填 fixing示例 1. He went into the room, ------(sit) at the table and began to read newspapers.2. They walked along the stream together ,-----(talk) and laughing.分析俩个结构一致,但仔细分析是大径相庭 1 句为 and 连接的是三个并列谓语动词, 2 句为 and 连接俩个伴随状语,故 1 填 sat 2填 talking突破点(二)运用 6 方法和 1 注意准确谓语动词时态语态方法 1 通过时态定义是做题的根本例 1 2017 大庆实验中学模拟 Development often ----69(give) us the excuse to destroy the environment.分许:本句表示经常做的事情应用一般现在时故填 gives例 22017 青岛市质检 When I also drove forward a man ----(stand) outside the car and talking to each driver as drove past.分析:表示过去某个事情正在做某事,应用过去进行时故填 was standing方法 2 通过标志性状语解决时态问题在体干中 yesterday ,tomorrow ,always ,in the past few years ,so far 来判定时态。
例 1 2017潍坊市模拟Last Friday a storm -----61(sweep) through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes.分析:句中有表示时间的标志性状语 Last Friday 判定用一般过去时故填 swept例 2 2017 长春市调研测试 If we are satisfied with only a few rules we -----69(memorize )so far ,we were not really learning the language .分析;so far 表示迄今为止与其匹配的时态是现在完成时故填 have memorized方法 3 通过动作先后关系解决时态问题当句中有俩个或俩个以上的动词时,他们的发生时间有一定先后关系,我们可以根据这种先后关系判定时态。
例 1 2017 福州市质检 Due to the hard training they 66---(do) before ,their performance were very impressive.分析:主句的时态为一般过去时,根据 before 可以判定空格处所填表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时故填had done例 2 2017 西安市模拟 She -----64 (have)her high school entrance exam in a week so I told her a few encouraging words.分析:我给他说一些鼓励的话一般是过去时,那么要参加考试应用过去将来时故填would have 或 was to have .方法 4 通过语境暗示解决时态问题有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过理解语境也是解决失调问题的一条有效之路的方法。