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雅思口语话题之语言类话题

雅思口语话题之语言类话题
雅思口语话题之语言类话题

语言类话题在雅思口语考试里通常被归到四大类话题(Person, Object, Place, Event)中的Object一类,相对于同一类别中的其他话题如magazine & newspaper, film & TV program, sports activity & game等来说,它的考查频率并不算高,但要中国考生用本就不是最熟悉的英语来回答关于语言的话题,这本身就是一个挑战,考生应考时不免会产生紧张情绪。所以要能在考场上从容应对此类话题,首先还是要对其有充分的了解和准备。

雅思口语考试通常分为三个部分,其中都可能出现关于语言的话题,按出现频率的高低主要以第二和第三部分的考查为主。话题的侧重点通常是除母语以外的其它语言如英语、第二语言或者其它多种语言。考查内容涉及对语言本身的探讨,语言的学习以及与其它话题相关联的综合性题目。下面,专家将就考试的三个部分来总结和归纳一下此话题在各部分的出题方向,并以真题为例提供一些答题思路和技巧供考生参考。

Part 1

第一部分一般较少会考查到语言类的题目,考查范围由小到大来看,可以大致分为以下两种情况。事实上这也是各部分所有语言话题的考查范围。

1 关于雅思本身考查的语言— English:

既然来考雅思,对英语的学习必定会有自己的一番体会和感悟,考官把英语作为考查对象是最理所当然的。也是因为考生对英语的熟悉度,回答这些问题只要充分借鉴自身经验,照实回答就能很好的应对。来看以下真题:

①How long have you been learning English?

②Did you learn your English well?

③Why do you learn English?

④What do you think is a good way to learn English?

提醒考生,即使是回答最简单的”yes or no”问题如第②题,也绝不是一个单词那么简单。回答除了要完整成句以外,还一定要有适当的扩充,甚至为避免较为绝对,可以选择用较为委婉的方式。如本题,如果回答”no”,考官看来可能是没有自信的表现,如果回答”yes”但考官并不这么认为的话又会显得较为尴尬,此时便可以说:

Well, I think I’ve tried my best to learn it anyway, but I’m not sure whether I learned it well or not. That’s why I am taking IELTS examination now to get my English language level.

2 关于第二语言或一门外语— The Second Language/A Foreign Language:

这类题目的范围看似更广,但很多题目的回答仍旧可以借鉴英语,因为对中国考生来讲它是包含在此范围之中的。所以如果是一些基本的语言问题,考官只是想了解一些考生对语言的掌握情况以及学习语言的意愿等,考生都可以把英语作为答题的基本参考,或者作为答案的一部分。如以下真题:

①What languages do you speak?

②What languages do you want to learn? Why?

③Have you learned a second language before? What is it?

当然对个别的题目language一词并未有过多修饰,也可以开发一些有个性的答案。如第②题,很多考生可能会把去国外工作或学习,需要掌握当地语言以便更融入当地生活作为理由来回答。同样的原因其实也可以用于学习本国的方言(dialects),这样思路就又开阔许多。

方言也是语言的分支,更因为中国方言众多,东西南北差异较大,所以也可以把对方言的掌握和学习作为答题的参考:北方人到南方,内陆人到沿海,为生计为学习都有掌握当地语言的必要性。另外,为了通过语言了解文化或为了丰富娱乐生活而学习语言等原因都可以顺理成章套用其中。

说明:鉴于目前的一种考试趋势是口语第一部分的题目偶尔还会涉及到后面两部分较深入一些的内容,形式上类似第三部分,如对比和比较形式的问题,这部分内容参见后面对第三部分问题的解析。考查过的真题如:

①What’s your suggestion on langua ge learning?

②What’s the most difficult part of language learning?

③Who can learn a foreign language better? The elderly or the young?

④Do girls learn a foreign language more quickly than boys?

⑤What do you think is the difference between a language and a culture?

Part 2

纵观历年雅思口语考试真题,语言题目在第二部分cue card中的数量有限,反复出现的有以下几道:

①Describe another language that you would like to learn. You should say:

·what this language is

·how you would learn it

·what difficulties you think you would have (or, might have) when learning this language.

And explain why you would choose to study this language.

②Describe a foreign language you want to learn (besides/except) English.

③Describe something useful for your English learning.

④Describe a useful way to study English.

⑤Describe a useful tool that helps you learn other languages.

⑥Describe something that will help you to learn foreign languages.

从以上六道题目不难看出,第二部分的考查内容主要围绕两个方面:

1 对某一非英语的外语语种的描述,如①②题:

虽然第①题没有明确说明except English,但肯定不宜以英语来发挥。考生在备考时一定要对另一种其它语言做充足的了解和准备。但万变不离其宗,就其具体内容而言,不论是学习语言的方法还是困难,考生们在描述过程中仍然可以借用英语学习过程中的经验。

2 对具体的语言学习方法和学习工具的描述,如③④⑤⑥题:

这样的题目更加具体化,但展开的方向也有很多:学习方法可以从用形象记忆法记忆单词到观看原声电影培养语感,学习工具可以从最原始的字典到与最新科技相结合的电子产品。考生们可以准备的题目有限,但是思路是较为开阔和明朗的。

Part 3

第三部分的题目通常是延续第二部分的内容,而相对于第一部分深度和广度上则会有所增加。除了前面两部分也会涉及的内容以外,对比比较类问题的出现,把语言话题与其他话题相结合等便是这一部分最大的特点。根据这些特点,将第三部分相对有扩展性的题目划分成以下几类:

1 对语言学习本身及学习过程的讨论:

这类题目内容跟第二部分的切合点更紧密,考查的题目数量最多,题目出现频率也最高,考生要越加重视,备考时可作为第二部分卡片描述的延续。其中包括学习第二语言或其它外语的重要性、必要性、益处、弊端,学习语言过程中可能会遇到的困难、最有用的方法,哪门语言是你觉得最有用的、将来会最受欢迎的又或者除英语以外最重要的等等。

①Is learning a second language important? Why?

②Is it necessary to learn a foreign language?

③What are the benefits of learning a foreign language?

④Are there any drawbacks in learning a new language?

⑤How do you learn a new language?

⑥Would games be helpful to learning a foreign language?

⑦Which language you have learned is the most useful one?

⑧In your opinion, which languages will become more popular in the future?

⑨Which language is important for you beside Chinese and English?

2 对全球性语言的讨论:

这是一个现在普遍讨论的话题,在经济全球化的影响下,语言是否需要全球化?使用全球性语言是否又会推进经济全球化?此重任又应当由何种语言来担当?在雅思写作考试中也有类似的考题,所以深度可想而知。考生不妨把两门考试结合起来准备,但注意口语和书面语稍加区别即可。

①Do you think it's important (or, a good idea) to have one main world language? (= “a universal language”)

②What would be the advantages and disadvantages of having a global language?

③Which language could become global language?

④Is that useful for future globalization?

⑤Is that important to business?

3 语言学习能力的比较:

这是现在第三部分题目较常出现的一种提问方式,在语言类话题中尤其对语言学习能力及学习方法的差异提问较多,其中不同年龄、不同性别及不同天分的人之间的比较都有。所谓没有比较就没有结果,对比较类的提问方式考生应试着分别从比较的两个对象入手分析,回答就会更丰富一些。

①Why do you think some people are better than others at learning a foreign language?

②Who do you think is better at learning a language, boys or girls?

③Are there any differences between the way the young and the elderly learn a language?

④Why is it easy for some to learn a foreign language whereas hard for others?

⑤Why some children learn language faster than others?

4 语言与教育的结合:

因为涉及教育的方面,所以这里的语言教育基本限定在英语,多数也用比较的方式来提问,例如在教授英文时外教与中教的区别,父母与学校所肩负的幼教英语的责任孰轻孰重等等。回答的切入点同上。

①What is the difference between foreigner teacher and Chinese teacher in teaching English?

②Who is responsible in teaching children English? The parents or the school?

5 语言与文化的结合:

语言本身就是文化的一部分,所以把语言结合文化来提问也是十分自然的。下面两个问题仍然是简单的”yes or no”问题,但回答的关键在于如何用较浅显易懂的例子将抽象的文化与语言的关系具体化。

② Do you think it's possible to learn a foreign culture without learning the language?

②Will the learning of a new language change your understanding of local culture?

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