专题一阅读理解
[全国卷3年考情分析]
第一讲细节理解题——定位信息巧比对
细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。但有些细节理解题由于命题人故意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目需要仔细地思考、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。尽管细节理解题相对简单，但不可掉以轻心。细节理解题常见的考查题型有：直接信息题、间接信息题、概括细节理解题和正误判断题。
一、题型特点要知晓
(一)细节理解题常见设问方式
1．特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词引出的问题。
2．判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE, NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not, never等。
3．以“According to ...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from ________.
(二)细节理解题正确选项特征
通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。解题流程图如下：
[例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D 节选) …
I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our
kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)．
…
33．What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?
A．Saving up for her holiday.
B．Raising money for a poor girl.
C．Adding the money to her fund.
D．Giving the money to a sick mother.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。
[例] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)
…
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in
antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.
…
24．What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A．They contain protein.
B．They are high in vitamin A.
C．They have a pleasant taste.
D．They are rich in antioxidants.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
概括、归纳信息是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。
[例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)
…
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
…
30．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A．About 6,800. B．About 3,400.
C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段，而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目，考生要静下心来，看清范围，确定方向，找到每一个选项的对应信息后，谨慎排除，综合选优。
[例] (2015·福建高考阅读A节选)
Food festivals around the world
Stilton Cheese Rolling
May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese alo ng a 50-metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane (赛道)．Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.
Fiery Foods Festival — The Hottest Festival on Earth
Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction — food that is not just spicy (辛辣), but hot enough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper — officially the hottest pepper in the world — or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure —if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you!
La Tomatina — The World's Biggest Food Fight
On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bu?ol hosts La Tomatina — the world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes —official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.
…
59．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.
B．More than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
C．Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
D．An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：逐一比对定答案
[课堂应用体验] Ⅰ.命题方式练
请选择以下设误方式(张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非、正误参半)或正确选
项特征(原文原词、同义替换、信息归纳、正话反说)填入下表的“诊断”一栏中。
1．(原文节选)Shortly after the war, my brother and I were invited to spend a few days with an uncle who had just returned from abroad.He had rented a cottage
in the country, although he rarely spent much time there.We understood the reason
for this after our arrival: the cottage had no comfortable furniture in it, many
of the windows were broken and the roof leaked, making the whole house damp.
Why did the uncle seldom spend much time in the country cottage?
falling.
2．
and acting as Microsoft's technology advisor, Bill Gates manages to find time to read books, both long and short.Now Gates —who has been labeled a “greedy” reader — has released a list of his favorite books.All of the books are standout reads, according to the billionaire, most of which are focused on business and economy.
The books mentioned in the text are all about ________.
3．(
and some bread and beer on a shelf.On each side of the hut was a round hole like a window, which could be closed with a piece of wood.These air holes were usually kept open when the stove was burning, because too much smoke in a small, airless hut could kill the shepherd.
The function of the round holes was ________.
Ⅱ.语篇综合练
A
Parkway Central Library Events
Summer Thyme Cooks
Now through Wednesday, May 10
Summer Thyme Cooks is a FREE cooking program for teens entering grades 7－12.In
four weekly hands-on classes, students will learn the fundamentals of cooking.Food is meant to be shared, so every class ends with a family-style meal.Students go home each week with a new recipe and a grocery bag filled with healthy, fresh ingredients (原料) so they can cook with their families!
Questions？Call Jamie at 215-686-5323.
We the Detectives Family Fun
Monday, May 15
The best way for youth and families to spot what's inside our doors is to attend our Family Event, taking place on May 15 from 10：30 a．m.to 12：30 p．m.This annual tradition is a much-beloved opportunity for families to explore the building.This year's Family Event will feature (以……为特色) unique and interesting brunch foods, and a detective storytime with our librarians.
Cost: $50 Adult；$25 Child (ages 3－16); Free for children under 3
For more information, please call 215-567-7710.
The Art of Comics
Now through Saturday, May 20
215-686-5403
An exhibition of books shows the history of pictorial storytelling.The art of several pioneers in the medium is on display, including works by Hokusai, Rodolphe T?pffer, and Wilhelm Busch.
Sunday Literacy Program
Sunday, May 21
215-686-5369
This program offers drop-in assistance to students struggling to read in the 1st through 3rd grades.Both of the two sessions will include the following parts: Read Aloud, Independent Reading, Literacy Games and Writing.
Participants need to register on their first visit.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章是对美国一家图书馆的活动介绍。
1．What are participants required to do at the cooking program?
A．Share food.
B．Bring recipes.
C．Cook with their families.
D．Learn basic cooking skills.
解析：选D 细节理解题。题干的关键信息为cooking program，对应第一项活动Summer
Thyme Cooks。由该活动介绍中的“In four weekly hands-on classes, students will learn the fundamentals of cooking.”可知，参与该活动的人将会学习基本的烹饪技巧。
2．When can you look around the library?
A．On May 10. B．On May 15.
C．On May 20. D．On May 21.
解析：选B 细节理解题。通览四项活动可知，只有第二项活动中提到“This annual tradition is a much-beloved opportunity for families to explore the building.”，由此活动的时间Monday, May 15可知答案。
3．How does the Sunday Literacy Program differ from the others?
A．It's free of charge.
B．It's family-friendly.
C．It requires registration.
D．It is intended for adults.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，第一次参加Sunday Literacy Program 需要注册，而其他三项活动并未提及此点，故选C项。
B
Chinese movie theaters are never running short of youth films. Youth(《芳华》), directed by Feng Xiaogang, was released in December, 2017 and hit the screen. But this one is different: It is dedicated to the youth of our parents' generation.
Set in the 1970s, the story begins in a military art troupe (演
出团), in which the soldiers' duties are to sing, dance and promote
culture. He Xiaoping, a newcomer, is a talented dancer. With a
painful childhood, she wants to make a fresh start in the troupe,
yet her family background makes her the laughing stock (笑柄) among
the girls. The only person who is nice to her is Liu Feng, a kind and unselfish man.
In most youth films, the characters' life paths are only influenced by their own choices. However, the young people in Youth are also a part of “the whirlwind (旋风) of historical changes”， as film critic Justin Chang wrote in the Los Angeles Times. In a period of more than 30 years, they hav e to experience the “cultural revolution” (1966－1976) and the Sino-Vietnamese War, during which Liu Feng loses one arm and He Xiaoping suffers from a mental illness. The disbandment (解散) of the troupe also tears them away from the life and people they are so familiar with, throwing them into a new life they know nothing about.
They all have to learn “to make peace with the past and make the most of the
present”， wrote Giovanna Fulvi on the website TIFF.
But there's still something that never changes about youth. No matter what time of history it is, people share the same longing for love and beauty. Sunshine, laughter and swimming pools — these typical images of youth are all well kept in Mr. Feng's new film.
According to https://www.doczj.com/doc/f111292483.html,, Youth is actually a nostalgic (怀旧的) and personal work that Mr. Feng dedicates to his own experiences of working in a troupe. “When I look back in time, everything else in my life seems to be black and white，” he said. “The days in the troupe are the only part of my memory that alw ays remains colorful.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了冯小刚导演的《芳华》这部电影的背景、主要人物和内容等。在不同的历史时期，青春是有共性的。
4．What influenced He Xiaoping's and Liu Feng's lives most?
A．Historical changes.
B．Their own personalities.
C．Their family backgrounds.
D．Their longing for love and beauty.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“However, the young people in Youth are also a part of ‘the whirlwind (旋风) of historical changes’”可知，历史的变化对《芳华》中的年轻人的生活的影响是最大的，故答案选A。
5．Why did Feng Xiaogang direct the film Youth?
A．To show the cruelty of the war.
B．To urge people to value their youth.
C．To recall the days when he worked in a troupe.
D．To describe the life during the “cultural revolution” (1966－1976)．解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“According to https://www.doczj.com/doc/f111292483.html,, Youth is actually a nostalgic (怀旧的) and personal work that Mr. Feng dedicates to his own experiences of working in a troupe.”可知，冯小刚拍摄《芳华》这部电影，是为了纪念自己曾经在剧团里工作过的经历，故答案选C。
6．What do we know about the youth in different generations according to the text?
A．They all treat sunshine and laughter as the typical images of themselves.
B．In our parents' generation, they don't love beauty due to hard life.
C．They long for totally different things varying from generation to generation.
D．Though they live in different times, they still have something in common.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第五段首句“But there's still something that never changes about youth.”可知，关于青春，有的东西是永远不会改变的，也就是说，青春是有共性的，故答案选D。
【英语】高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction. More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years. They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause. Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that we have entered a new phase in Earth's history; an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world's current species. Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered. The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions. One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However, its cause remains a debate amongst scientists. （1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？ A. Humans are the main cause of it. B. It means a global decline over a long time. C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene. D. Scientists still disagree about the cause of it. （2）What can be inferred from the text about species？ A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100. B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet. C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂. D. It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂. （3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ? A. Land animals. B. Marine life. C. Huge animals. D. Flesh-eating creatures.
小希老师给同学们总结了2018高考英语真题所有阅读理解的A篇，适合高中各个年级的学生练习及备考使用。 【全国Ⅰ卷】 A Washington, . Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, . Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, . Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for . newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, . in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
2019年高考英语阅读理解专题复习10篇(名师精选真题实战训练+详细解题过程，值得下载练习) [一] As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them. Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects o f American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history. pot and In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with“ a chicken in every a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power. The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing strength.“ clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编及答案解析（11） 摘要：阅读理解题的“三步法”：1．略读。目的是了解短文的主旨大意和便于迅速掌握短文的语篇结构。2．查读。同学们要先通读题干，做到胸中有数；再将短文读第一遍，锁定某些特定信息进行快速阅读，迅速选出最佳答案；先易后难，先做细节题，后做推论题。3．重读短文重点。核查。同学们做题的关键是看清题目的要求，读准的关键是分清句子的结构和确认词性词义。 When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job,she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standards-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. For her drive and creativity in overcoming those challenges,she’s been named national teacher of the year. Principal Waynes Kettler said he’s worked with many outstanding teachers in his22years as an educator,but Peterson is“just that one step above anybody I’ve ever worked with before.” Kettler and others at Monte Cristo Elementary School talk about the ways she has introduced the learning from other classrooms into her music program and her creativity in working around things such as the lack of money for new music. When students were reading S.E.Hinton’s novel The Outsiders in their regular classroom, Peterson helped them write a30-minute play with scenes from the book.Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused no race,equality and social justice,the themes of the book.Peterson composed two other songs herself after classroom discussions about the play and the book. The honor means a lot to residents of Granite Foils.It’s inspiring to know that people from small towns own even win national honors. As national teacher of the year,Peterson will spend the next year outside the classroom, as a national and international spokeswoman for education. Not surprisingly,She is a big believe in the value of arts education.She said it’s essential for schools to offer classes such as art or music and physical education because for some kids one of those subjects is the only thing that motivates them to come back to school day after day. 65.The underlined word“daunting”in Paragraph1most probably means__________. A. discouraging B.interesting C.creative D.unbearable
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there. In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban. Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides. Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality. For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air. （1）How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city? A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week. B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday. C. By limiting the number of new cars. D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.（2）What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles? A. Raised the number of public vehicles. B. Offered free bus and subway rides. C. Introduced more travel options. D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city. （3）What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico? A. Alternate-day rules. B. Tax rises. C. Congestion charge. D. The rainy season.（4）What's the best title for the passage? A. Mexico —an Island Plateau B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones D. How to Improve Air Quality 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C
2019高考英语阅读理解-推理判断题（含解析） 一、阅读理解 1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。 Here are six steps to better studying. Pay attention in class Do you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Tell your teacher or parents about any problem that is preventing you from paying attention. Take good notes Write down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the board. Try to use good handwriting so you can read your notes later. It's a good idea to keep your notes organized by subject. Plan ahead for tests and projects Waiting until Thursday night to study for Friday's test will make it hard to do your best. One of the best ways to make sure that doesn't happen is to plan ahead. Write down your test dates. You can then plan how much to do after school each day, and how much time to spend on each topic. Break it up When there's a lot to study, it can help to break things into several parts. Let's say you have a spelling test on 20 words. Instead of thinking about all of the words at once, try breaking them down into five-word groups and work on one or two different groups each night. Ask for help You can't study effectively if you don't understand the material. Be sure to ask your teacher for help. If you're at home when the confusion occurs, your mom or dad might be able to help. Sleep tight So the test is tomorrow and you've followed your study plan—but suddenly you can't remember anything! Don't panic. Your brain needs time to digest all the information you've given it. Try to get a good night's sleep and you'll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morning. （1）We know from the passage that a loud person is ________. A. a student who always answers questions loudly in class B. someone who likes to talk with others in a loud voice C. a student who likes speaking with others in class D. a person who makes a lot of noise in public places （2）If you don't understand what you have learnt, you can ________. A. read your notes over and over again B. turn to people around you for help C. put aside the material for later review D. ask your teacher to explain it the next day （3）By saying “Sleep tight”, what does the author mean?
高考阅读理解技巧 一、阅读理解题选材 高考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则： 1. 文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右； 2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容； 3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。 二、英语阅读文体类型 学会分析体裁的能力对我们做好阅读理解来说是非常重要的。由于不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次，所以我们可以根据这种特点来快速分析文章的体裁： ●记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落，文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线，弄清who、 what、where、why与how。文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。 ●描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题，主题词往往出 现在各个句子里，贯穿文章的始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之有关的信息，并确定信息与主题的关系。 ●说明文用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系，这类文体的文章，首句往往是主 题句，开门见山，说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。 英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法： 1，定义与诠释说明； 2，举例与引用说明； 3，分类与图表说明； 4，比较与比喻说明； 5，分析与综合说明； 就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。 ●议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据 从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。 就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有： 1，总分式总---分；分----总；总----分---总； 2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系； 3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系； 4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。 ●应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清 作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。
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2019高考英语二轮阅读理解归类练习—旅游交通（详解） (2012·江西卷)For those who make journeys across the world，the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages.Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village.Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other，allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago. Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far.A price has been paid，they say，for the conquest (征服) of time and distance.Travel_is_something_to_be_enjoyed，not_endured(忍受)．The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey.A journey by train also has a special charm about https://www.doczj.com/doc/f111292483.html,kes and forests and wild，open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing.On board a plane，however，there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow windows of the airplane.The soft lighting，in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know，and the hours progress slowly. Then there is the time spent being “processed” at a modern airport.People are conveyed like robots along walkways；baggage is weighed，tickets produced，examined and produced yet again before the passengers move to another waiting area.Journeys by rail and sea take longer，yes，but the hours devoted to being “processed” at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent.No wonder，then，that the modern hi gh-speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines. Man，however，is now a world traveler and cannot turn his back on the airplane.The working lives of too many people depend upon it；whole new industries have been built around its design and opera tion.The holiday-maker，too，with limited time to spend，patiently endures the busy airports and the limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days，relaxing in the sun.Speed controls people's lives；time saved，in work or play，is the important thing—or so we are told.Perhaps those first horsemen，riding free across the wild，open plains，were enjoying a better world than the one we know today.They could travel at will，and the clock was not their master. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，乘坐飞机旅行方便快捷，节省了出行旳时间，然而却也